Mupirocin pemphigus-like drug reaction in a dog

Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known asthe most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolinmolecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis.Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog.Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The maincomplaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbarregions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, theanimal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident inabdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytologicalexamination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth.Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatiblewith canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemictreatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg-1)...

Mupirocin pemphigus-like drug reaction in a dog

Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known asthe most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolinmolecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis.Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog.Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The maincomplaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbarregions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, theanimal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident inabdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytologicalexamination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth.Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatiblewith canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemictreatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg-1)...(AU)

REPERCUSSÕES CLÍNICAS DE MECANISMOS DE HIPERSENSIBILIDADE CUTÂNEA EM CÃES

As reações de hipersensibilidade cutânea são definidas como mecanismos imunológicos de resposta exacerbada a antígenos endógenos ou exógenos. Essas reações estão envolvidas no desenvolvimento de diferentes enfermidades, como as Farmacodermias e a Dermatite Atópica Canina (DAC). Baseado nisso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as repercussões clínico-laboratoriais das reações de hipersensibilidade cutânea em cães por meio das seguintes estratégias: avaliação da resposta inflamatória tecidual e sistêmica em cães com DAC e investigação de casos clínicos envolvendo mecanismos de hipersensibilidade em dermatopatias caninas. Para tanto, foram incluídos no estudo dez cães com dermatite atópica, sendo submetidos à avaliação clínica das lesões, avaliação hemato-bioquímica e avaliação histopatológica. A análise clínica baseada no grau lesional (CADESI) permitiu a divisão dos cães em dois grupos: AI (N=5), com CADESI entre 0-10, e AII (N=5), com CADESI entre 10-34. O grupo controle (N=5) foi proveniente do canil do corpo de bombeiros do Estado do Ceará, composto por animais isentos de enfermidades tegumentares e sistêmicas. Os cães atópicos apresentaram menor contagem de eosinófilos circulantes (p<0.05), assim como tendência a maior contagem de neutrófilos e relação neutrófilo/linfócito. O valor de albumina foi superior no grupo AI, quando comparado a AII e controle (p<0.05), enquanto a dosagem de malondialdeído (MDA) não diferiu entre os grupos. Observou-se na avaliação histopatológica dos grupos AI e AII, a presença de alterações epidérmicas e infiltrado inflamatório perivascular caracterizado por neutrófilos, macrófagos, linfócitos, eosinófilos e mastócitos. No que se refere a contagem celular, foi possível observar maior quantidade de mastócitos nos grupos AI e AII que no grupo controle (p<0.05). A partir do exposto, conclui-se que houve aumento na resposta inflamatória tecidual e sistêmica na DAC. Contudo, esse processo não foi capaz de interferir no balanço oxidativo dos cães avaliados. Relatou-se, também, neste trabalho, o desenvolvimento de pênfigo foliáceo (PF) após reação de hipersensibilidade à Mupirocina em cão. O cão apresentou urticaria, colarinhos epidérmicos difusos, lesões papulo-crostosas, eritema nasal, blefarite biocular, apatia e febre. Realizou-se exame citológico e histopatológico, sendo os achados compatíveis com PF. Após a terapia, o paciente apresentou redução do quadro lesional, contudo, observa-se recidiva das lesões quando a dose da corticoterapia é reduzida. Por fim, relatou-se um caso de otite aguda canina secundária à reação de hipersensibilidade à solução otológica. Após a instituição da terapia auricular, o cão apresentou intenso eritema auricular e secreção melicérica bilateralmente. Realizou-se exame citológico, assim como cultura de bactérias aeróbicas, sendo evidenciado em tais exames um infiltrado inflamatório piogranulomatoso, com pouca presença de conteúdo bacteriano e fúngico, corroborando com os achados da cultura bacteriana. A nova terapia consistiu na troca de todos os compostos medicamentosos, sendo adquirida a remissão lesional no décimo dia de tratamento. Em conjunto, os trabalhos fornecem evidências de diferentes manifestações clínicas associadas às reações de hipersensibilidade em cães, sendo necessária atenção do Médico Veterinário para identificação e interpretação dos sinais associados a esta desordem imunológica.

Skin hypersensitivity reactions are defined as immunological mechanisms of exacerbated response to endogenous or exogenous antigens. These reactions are involved in the development of different diseases, such as Pharmacoderma and Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD). Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory repercussions of skin hypersensitivity reactions in dogs through the following strategies: evaluation of the tissue and systemic inflammatory response in dogs with CAD and investigation of clinical cases involving mechanisms of hypersensitivity in canine skin diseases. To this end, ten dogs with atopic dermatitis were included in the study, and were submitted to clinical evaluation of lesions, blood-biochemical evaluation and histopathological evaluation. Clinical analysis based on lesion grade (CADESI) allowed the dogs to be divided into two groups: AI (N = 5), with CADESI between 0-10, and AII (N = 5), with CADESI between 10-34. The control group (N = 5) came from the kennel of the fire department of the State of Ceara, composed of animals free from integumentary and systemic diseases. Atopic dogs had lower circulating eosinophil counts (p<0.05), as well as a tendency to higher neutrophil counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. The albumin value was higher in group AI when compared to AII and control (p<0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) dosage did not differ between groups. The histopathological evaluation of groups AI and AII showed epidermal alterations and perivascular inflammatory infiltrate characterized by neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells. Regarding the cell count, it was possible to observe a larger number of mast cells in AI and AII groups than in the control group (p<0.05). From the above, it is concluded that there was an increase in tissue and systemic inflammatory response in CAD. However, this process was not able to interfere with the oxidative balance of the dogs evaluated. The development of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) after hypersensitivity reaction to mupirocin in dogs was also reported in this study. The dog presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted lesions, nasal erythema, biocular blepharitis, apathy and fever. Cytological and histopathological examination was performed, and the findings were compatible with PF. After therapy, the patient presented a lesion reduction, however, there is a recurrence of lesions when the corticosteroid dose is reduced. Finally, a case of acute canine otitis secondary to the hypersensitivity reaction to the otological solution was reported. After ear therapy was instituted, the dog presented intense ear erythema and bilaterally melic secretion. Cytological examination was performed, as well as culture of aerobic bacteria, being evidenced in such exams a piogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate, with little presence of bacterial and fungal content, corroborating the findings of the bacterial culture. The new therapy consisted of the exchange of all drug compounds, with lesion remission being acquired on the tenth day of treatment. Taken together, the papers provide evidence of different clinical manifestations associated with hypersensitivity reactions in dogs, requiring veterinary attention to identify and interpret the signs associated with this immune disorder.

Bovine demodicosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva / Demodicose bovina associada a carcinoma de células escamosas na vulva

Background: Demodicosis in cattle is caused by the mite Demodex bovis, mostly found in hair follicles. In general, this parasitic disease presents subclinically with small lumps on the skin; it can occur widely and cause serious economic losses owing to the resulting low quality leather. Demodicosis is relatively rare in farm animals, and data are scarce regarding epidemiological and pathological findings. Differential diagnoses for demodicosis in cattle should include sarcoptic, psoroptic, and chorioptic management; photosensitivity; urticaria; parakeratosis from zinc defi ciency and dermatophilosis. The aim of this study is to report a case of demodicosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva of a cow in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil.Case: A 3-year-old mixed Holstein-Friesian cow was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal of Campina Grande. The animal showed a proliferative and ulcerated sore on the vulva draining serous secretions. We performed an incisional biopsy of the affected area, and sent the tissue to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology for histological examination. The morphological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, several mite specimens were associated with the neoplastic proliferation. Based on the poor prognosis after clinical evaluation, the animal was euthanized. At necropsy, the lesions were iden

Background: Demodicosis in cattle is caused by the mite Demodex bovis, mostly found in hair follicles. In general, this parasitic disease presents subclinically with small lumps on the skin; it can occur widely and cause serious economic losses owing to the resulting low quality leather. Demodicosis is relatively rare in farm animals, and data are scarce regarding epidemiological and pathological findings. Differential diagnoses for demodicosis in cattle should include sarcoptic, psoroptic, and chorioptic management; photosensitivity; urticaria; parakeratosis from zinc defi ciency and dermatophilosis. The aim of this study is to report a case of demodicosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva of a cow in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil.Case: A 3-year-old mixed Holstein-Friesian cow was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal of Campina Grande. The animal showed a proliferative and ulcerated sore on the vulva draining serous secretions. We performed an incisional biopsy of the affected area, and sent the tissue to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology for histological examination. The morphological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, several mite specimens were associated with the neoplastic proliferation. Based on the poor prognosis after clinical evaluation, the animal was euthanized. At necropsy, the lesions were iden

Morphology, evolution and usage of urticating setae by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Urticating setae are exclusive to New World tarantulas and are found in approximately 90% of the New World species. Six morphological types have been proposed and, in several species, two morphological types can be found in the same individual. In the past few years, there has been growing concern to learn more about urticating setae, but many questions still remain unanswered. After studying individuals from several theraphosid species, we endeavored to find more about the segregation of the different types of setae into different abdominal regions, and the possible existence of patterns; the morphological variability of urticating setae types and their limits; whether there is variability in the length of urticating setae across the abdominal area; and whether spiders use different types of urticating setae differently. We found that the two types of urticating setae, which can be found together in most theraphosine species, are segregated into distinct areas on the spider's abdomen: type III occurs on the median and posterior areas with either type I or IV surrounding the patch of type III setae. Morphological intermediates between types I and III, as well as between III and IV, were found. We propose that type III urticating setae have evolved through modifications of body setae on specific areas of abdomen dorsum and subsequently gave independent origin to areas having either type I or IV. A parallel evolution seems to have occurred in some aviculariine genera in which type II setae evolved also from body setae from specific areas of abdomen dorsum. Concerning the length of the setae, we observed that towards the median and posterior areas of the abdomen the length of the urticating setae increases. These long setae are cast by the spider as part of an active defensive behavior against vertebrate predators. We propose that spiders use the various types of urticating setae differently and according to their different targets: type I setae, when incorporated either into the molting web or eggsac, is more effective against invertebrates (ants or phorid fly larvae) than type III. The latter seems to be used mainly against vertebrate predators.

Morphology, evolution and usage of urticating setae by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Urticating setae are exclusive to New World tarantulas and are found in approximately 90% of the New World species. Six morphological types have been proposed and, in several species, two morphological types can be found in the same individual. In the past few years, there has been growing concern to learn more about urticating setae, but many questions still remain unanswered. After studying individuals from several theraphosid species, we endeavored to find more about the segregation of the different types of setae into different abdominal regions, and the possible existence of patterns; the morphological variability of urticating setae types and their limits; whether there is variability in the length of urticating setae across the abdominal area; and whether spiders use different types of urticating setae differently. We found that the two types of urticating setae, which can be found together in most theraphosine species, are segregated into distinct areas on the spider's abdomen: type III occurs on the median and posterior areas with either type I or IV surrounding the patch of type III setae. Morphological intermediates between types I and III, as well as between III and IV, were found. We propose that type III urticating setae have evolved through modifications of body setae on specific areas of abdomen dorsum and subsequently gave independent origin to areas having either type I or IV. A parallel evolution seems to have occurred in some aviculariine genera in which type II setae evolved also from body setae from specific areas of abdomen dorsum. Concerning the length of the setae, we observed that towards the median and posterior areas of the abdomen the length of the urticating setae increases. These long setae are cast by the spider as part of an active defensive behavior against vertebrate predators. We propose that spiders use the various types of urticating setae differently and according to their different targets: type I setae, when incorporated either into the molting web or eggsac, is more effective against invertebrates (ants or phorid fly larvae) than type III. The latter seems to be used mainly against vertebrate predators.

Morphology, evolution and usage of urticating setae by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Urticating setae are exclusive to New World tarantulas and are found in approximately 90% of the New World species. Six morphological types have been proposed and, in several species, two morphological types can be found in the same individual. In the past few years, there has been growing concern to learn more about urticating setae, but many questions still remain unanswered. After studying individuals from several theraphosid species, we endeavored to find more about the segregation of the different types of setae into different abdominal regions, and the possible existence of patterns; the morphological variability of urticating setae types and their limits; whether there is variability in the length of urticating setae across the abdominal area; and whether spiders use different types of urticating setae differently. We found that the two types of urticating setae, which can be found together in most theraphosine species, are segregated into distinct areas on the spider's abdomen: type III occurs on the median and posterior areas with either type I or IV surrounding the patch of type III setae. Morphological intermediates between types I and III, as well as between III and IV, were found. We propose that type III urticating setae have evolved through modifications of body setae on specific areas of abdomen dorsum and subsequently gave independent origin to areas having either type I or IV. A parallel evolution seems to have occurred in some aviculariine genera in which type II setae evolved also from body setae from specific areas of abdomen dorsum. Concerning the length of the setae, we observed that towards the median and posterior areas of the abdomen the length of the urticating setae increases. These long setae are cast by the spider as part of an active defensive behavior against vertebrate predators. We propose that spiders use the various types of urticating setae differently and according to their different targets: type I setae, when incorporated either into the molting web or eggsac, is more effective against invertebrates (ants or phorid fly larvae) than type III. The latter seems to be used mainly against vertebrate predators.

Demodicose bovina associada a carcinoma de células escamosas na vulva / Bovine Demodicosis Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva

Background: Demodicosis in cattle is caused by the mite Demodex bovis, mostly found in hair follicles. In general, this parasitic disease presents subclinically with small lumps on the skin; it can occur widely and cause serious economic losses owing to the resulting low quality leather. Demodicosis is relatively rare in farm animals, and data are scarce regarding epidemiological and pathological findings. Differential diagnoses for demodicosis in cattle should include sarcoptic, psoroptic, and chorioptic management; photosensitivity; urticaria; parakeratosis from zinc deficiency and dermatophilosis. The aim of this study is to report a case of demodicosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva of a cow in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil. Case: A 3-year-old mixed Holstein-Friesian cow was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal of Campina Grande. The animal showed a proliferative and ulcerated sore on the vulva draining serous secretions. We performed an incisional biopsy of the affected area, and sent the tissue to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology for histological examination. The morphological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, several mite specimens were associated with the neoplastic proliferation. Based on the poor prognosis after clinical evaluation, the animal was euthanized. At necropsy, the lesions were identified as squamous cell carcinomas; firm nodules were observed with diameters ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 cm in the perivulvar region. Mites were deep-seated in shaved areas along with cutaneous nodules; they had a small, wormlike appearance; elongated abdomens with transverse striations, four pairs of short and stunted legs, and appeared morphologically similar to D. bovis. In addition, skin fragments and other organs were collected for histopathological evaluation. Microscopic examination of the skin revealed a moderate, nonsuppurative, and nodular dermatitis-associated perifolliculitis and folliculitis. Chronic, multifocal, moderate inflammatory infiltrate predominantly consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells, some macrophages, few eosinophils, and few perifollicular and perivascular tissues, primarily in the superficial dermis. The hair follicles were found to be filled and expanded because of numerous mites (intact or segmented), characteristic of Demodex bovis. No significant lesions were observed in other organs. Discussion: In this case study, the cow was diagnosed with demodicosis on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic findings associated with parasitological examination. Furthermore, it is suggested that the observed squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva may have supported mite infection. The mites would have contributed to stress and consequently immunosuppression, allowing the multiplication of mites, which culminated in the pathological effects on the skin. Limited data were available in literature on bovine demodicosis, perhaps due to the low clinical suspicion and/or the possibility of spontaneous regression of the lesions. These factors may contribute to that there is clinical suspicion and, consequently, few reports of the disease. However, considering that the skin lesions can cause economic losses, understanding the epidemiology and pathology of bovine demodicosis is important to establish adequate control measures.

Anafilaxia à doxorrubicina após três aplicações

Introdução: O aumento da frequência de diagnósticos de neoplasias, associado à maior preocupação dos proprietários com as opções terapêuticas e a qualidade de vida de seus animais tem tornado a quimioterapia antineoplásica uma prática cada vez mais difundida na clínica de pequenos animais. Dos quimioterápicos utilizados, um dos mais indicados é a doxorrubicina, um antibiótico antracíclico citostático utilizado para tratamento de linfoma, osteossarcoma, hemangiossarcoma e uma variedade de carcinomas. A toxicidade mais comum é gastrintestinal, com vômito, diarreia e anorexia que ocorrem de três a cinco dias após a aplicação. A toxicidade miocárdica é bem conhecida e eventualmente são relatados episódios de arritmia durante a aplicação. Tem sido demonstrado que a doxorrubicina causa o aumento da liberação periférica de histamina, um efeito dose-relacionado e associado à infusão rápida. Os sinais clínicos da liberação de histamina são prurido, agitação da cabeça, urticária, eritema e vômito. Alguns oncologistas recomendam o uso de difenidramina antes da doxorrubicina, apesar da efi cácia não ser comprovada. No Serviço de Oncologia de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (SOPA-HVU) o protocolo de uso da doxorrubicina inclui canulação venosa, infusão de solução de NaCl 0,9% e administração de doxorrubicina diluída a 0,5 mg/ml pelo infusor lateral do equipo, administ

Unusual fatal multiple-organ dysfunction and pancreatitis induced by a single wasp sting

Acute onset of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a well-known complication following multiple wasp stings. However, MODS after a single wasp sting has been rarely reported in children and acute pancreatitis have probably never been observed before. Herein we describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who had urticaria and abdominal pain after a single wasp sting. The child gradually developed MODS while his abdominal complaints were worsening. Despite aggressive supportive management, the child did not survive. Afterward, the cause of the acute abdomen was finally diagnosed as acute pancreatitis. Both MODS and pancreatitis following a single wasp sting are very unusual. Thus, although pancreatitis is rarely manifested, it should be suspected after a wasp sting if there are predominant abdominal symptoms.(AU)

Unusual fatal multiple-organ dysfunction and pancreatitis induced by a single wasp sting

Acute onset of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a well-known complication following multiple wasp stings. However, MODS after a single wasp sting has been rarely reported in children and acute pancreatitis have probably never been observed before. Herein we describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who had urticaria and abdominal pain after a single wasp sting. The child gradually developed MODS while his abdominal complaints were worsening. Despite aggressive supportive management, the child did not survive. Afterward, the cause of the acute abdomen was finally diagnosed as acute pancreatitis. Both MODS and pancreatitis following a single wasp sting are very unusual. Thus, although pancreatitis is rarely manifested, it should be suspected after a wasp sting if there are predominant abdominal symptoms.(AU)

Immediate radical fang mark ablation may allow treatment of japanese viper bite without antivenom

Administration of antivenom is currently the standard treatment for snake envenomation. However, it can sometimes cause anaphylactic reactions including urticaria, bronchospasm and hypotension. Furthermore, it may also provoke life-threatening complications, even though the mortality rate is less than 1%. In this study, we present a new treatment - immediate radical fang mark ablation - that was successfully performed on five victims of Japanese viper bites without antivenom use. In these five victims of venomous snakebites, surgical debridement was immediately performed. Two patients received a free-skin graft to resurface their wounds while three of them healed conservatively (i.e. by ointment treatment without surgery). After treatment, all patients could return to work. Immediate radical ablation is a recommended procedure that can reduce the amount of venom in tissues, which consequently decreases inflammatory reactions and reduces the necessity for antivenom.

Immediate radical fang mark ablation may allow treatment of japanese viper bite without antivenom

Administration of antivenom is currently the standard treatment for snake envenomation. However, it can sometimes cause anaphylactic reactions including urticaria, bronchospasm and hypotension. Furthermore, it may also provoke life-threatening complications, even though the mortality rate is less than 1 percent. In this study, we present a new treatment - immediate radical fang mark ablation - that was successfully performed on five victims of Japanese viper bites without antivenom use. In these five victims of venomous snakebites, surgical debridement was immediately performed. Two patients received a free-skin graft to resurface their wounds while three of them healed conservatively (i.e. by ointment treatment without surgery). After treatment, all patients could return to work. Immediate radical ablation is a recommended procedure that can reduce the amount of venom in tissues, which consequently decreases inflammatory reactions and reduces the necessity for antivenom.(AU)

Anti-snake venom: use and adverse reaction in a snake bite study clinic in Bangladesh

Snakebites can present local or systemic envenomation, while neurotoxicity and respiratory paralysis are the main cause of death. The mainstay of management is anti-snake venom (ASV), which is highly effective, but liable to cause severe adverse reactions including anaphylaxis. The types of adverse reaction to polyvalent anti-snake venom have not been previously studied in Bangladesh. In this prospective observational study carried out between 1999 and 2001, in the Snake Bite Study Clinic of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, 35 neurotoxic-snake-bite patients who had received polyvalent anti-snake venom were included while the ones sensitized to different antitoxins and suffering from atopy were excluded. The common neurotoxic features were ptosis (100%), external ophthalmoplegia (94.2%), dysphagia (77.1%), dysphonia (68.5%) and broken neck sign (80%). The percentage of anti-snake venom reaction cases was 88.57%; pyrogenic reaction was 80.64%; and anaphylaxis was 64.51%. The common features of anaphylaxis were urticaria (80%); vomiting and wheezing (40%); and angioedema (10%). The anti-snake venom reaction was treated mainly with adrenaline for anaphylaxis and paracetamol suppository in pyrogenic reactions. The average recovery time was 4.5 hours. Due to the danger of reactions the anti-snake venom should not be withheld from a snakebite victim when indicated and appropriate guidelines should be followed for its administration.

Anti-snake venom: use and adverse reaction in a snake bite study clinic in Bangladesh

Snakebites can present local or systemic envenomation, while neurotoxicity and respiratory paralysis are the main cause of death. The mainstay of management is anti-snake venom (ASV), which is highly effective, but liable to cause severe adverse reactions including anaphylaxis. The types of adverse reaction to polyvalent anti-snake venom have not been previously studied in Bangladesh. In this prospective observational study carried out between 1999 and 2001, in the Snake Bite Study Clinic of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, 35 neurotoxic-snake-bite patients who had received polyvalent anti-snake venom were included while the ones sensitized to different antitoxins and suffering from atopy were excluded. The common neurotoxic features were ptosis (100%), external ophthalmoplegia (94.2%), dysphagia (77.1%), dysphonia (68.5%) and broken neck sign (80%). The percentage of anti-snake venom reaction cases was 88.57%; pyrogenic reaction was 80.64%; and anaphylaxis was 64.51%. The common features of anaphylaxis were urticaria (80%); vomiting and wheezing (40%); and angioedema (10%). The anti-snake venom reaction was treated mainly with adrenaline for anaphylaxis and paracetamol suppository in pyrogenic reactions. The average recovery time was 4.5 hours. Due to the danger of reactions the anti-snake venom should not be withheld from a snakebite victim when indicated and appropriate guidelines should be followed for its administration.(AU)

Prolonged use of the food dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow n° 5) and its effects on the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats

Tartrazine is one of the most widely used artificial foods, drugs and cosmetic dyes. It is a nitrous derivative and is known to cause allergic reactions such as asthma and urticaria, as well as having been the focus of studies on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to its transformation into aromatic amine sulfanilic acid after being metabolized by the gastrointestinal microflora. 45 male Wistar rats were assigned to a control group (A) or a treatment one (B). The treatment group received 7.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 of tartrazine daily in drinking water offered ad libitum for ten months from weaning to the age of twelve months. There was a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils of the gastric antrum mucosa. No carcinogenetic changes in any gastric area were observed during the study. As tartrazine belongs to the azo class, it is still a possible food carcinogen. Other studies with different doses and schedules, observing their effects associated to other carcinogens should be carried out if their safe use is to be recommended.

O corante artificial tartrazina é um dos mais usados em todo o mundo para corar alimentos, medicamentos e cosméticos. É um derivado nitroso, sabidamente causador de reações alérgicas como asma e urticária, e tem sido alvo de estudos de mutagênese e carcinogênese por produzir a amina aromática ácido sulfanílico após ser metabolizado pela microflora gastrintestinal. Foram estudados 45 ratos Wistar, machos, divididos em grupo controle (A) e tratado (B). O grupo tratado recebeu o corante diariamente em água de beber ad libitum, na dose de 7,5 mg.kg-1.dia-1 por dez meses, do desmame aos doze meses de idade. Houve aumento significante do número de linfócitos e eosinófilos na mucosa do antro gástrico. Não foram observadas alterações carcinogênicas em nenhuma das regiões gástricas com a dose e o tempo utilizados. O corante tartrazina permanece entre os possíveis carcinógenos alimentares por ser da classe azo, devendo ter prosseguimento seus estudos; variando-se a dose e o tempo de administração e verificando-se seus efeitos quando associado a outros carcinógenos, para seu uso continuar sendo recomendado com segurança.

Prolonged use of the food dye tartrazine (FD&C yellow n° 5) and its effects on the gastric mucosa of Wistar rats

Tartrazine is one of the most widely used artificial foods, drugs and cosmetic dyes. It is a nitrous derivative and is known to cause allergic reactions such as asthma and urticaria, as well as having been the focus of studies on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis due to its transformation into aromatic amine sulfanilic acid after being metabolized by the gastrointestinal microflora. 45 male Wistar rats were assigned to a control group (A) or a treatment one (B). The treatment group received 7.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 of tartrazine daily in drinking water offered ad libitum for ten months from weaning to the age of twelve months. There was a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils of the gastric antrum mucosa. No carcinogenetic changes in any gastric area were observed during the study. As tartrazine belongs to the azo class, it is still a possible food carcinogen. Other studies with different doses and schedules, observing their effects associated to other carcinogens should be carried out if their safe use is to be recommended.

O corante artificial tartrazina é um dos mais usados em todo o mundo para corar alimentos, medicamentos e cosméticos. É um derivado nitroso, sabidamente causador de reações alérgicas como asma e urticária, e tem sido alvo de estudos de mutagênese e carcinogênese por produzir a amina aromática ácido sulfanílico após ser metabolizado pela microflora gastrintestinal. Foram estudados 45 ratos Wistar, machos, divididos em grupo controle (A) e tratado (B). O grupo tratado recebeu o corante diariamente em água de beber ad libitum, na dose de 7,5 mg.kg-1.dia-1 por dez meses, do desmame aos doze meses de idade. Houve aumento significante do número de linfócitos e eosinófilos na mucosa do antro gástrico. Não foram observadas alterações carcinogênicas em nenhuma das regiões gástricas com a dose e o tempo utilizados. O corante tartrazina permanece entre os possíveis carcinógenos alimentares por ser da classe azo, devendo ter prosseguimento seus estudos; variando-se a dose e o tempo de administração e verificando-se seus efeitos quando associado a outros carcinógenos, para seu uso continuar sendo recomendado com segurança.

Skin manifestations caused by Brazilian traumatic, allergenic, and venomous plants: main species, therapeutic and preventive measures

Brazilian flora is very rich and a large number of specimens can cause adverse reactions, from mild erythema to cutaneous necrosis. Plants or vegetal extracts are always suspected of contact dermatitis; they are found in all types of environments, including dwellings. Other harmful effects, which can be identified by clinical manifestations and the aid of the patient, are phytophotodermatitis, traumas, thorn infections, chemical irritations, or urticaria caused by Urtica sp. Knowledge on the most important plants and their effects on human skin are very useful, and diagnosis is very important in treatment of the complications.

Anafilaxia à doxorrubicina após três aplicações

Introdução: O aumento da frequência de diagnósticos de neoplasias, associado à maior preocupação dos proprietários com as opções terapêuticas e a qualidade de vida de seus animais tem tornado a quimioterapia antineoplásica uma prática cada vez mais difundida na clínica de pequenos animais. Dos quimioterápicos utilizados, um dos mais indicados é a doxorrubicina, um antibiótico antracíclico citostático utilizado para tratamento de linfoma, osteossarcoma, hemangiossarcoma e uma variedade de carcinomas. A toxicidade mais comum é gastrintestinal, com vômito, diarreia e anorexia que ocorrem de três a cinco dias após a aplicação. A toxicidade miocárdica é bem conhecida e eventualmente são relatados episódios de arritmia durante a aplicação. Tem sido demonstrado que a doxorrubicina causa o aumento da liberação periférica de histamina, um efeito dose-relacionado e associado à infusão rápida. Os sinais clínicos da liberação de histamina são prurido, agitação da cabeça, urticária, eritema e vômito. Alguns oncologistas recomendam o uso de difenidramina antes da doxorrubicina, apesar da efi cácia não ser comprovada. No Serviço de Oncologia de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (SOPA-HVU) o protocolo de uso da doxorrubicina inclui canulação venosa, infusão de solução de NaCl 0,9% e administração de doxorrubicina diluída a 0,5 mg/ml pelo infusor lateral do equipo, administ

Bovine demodicosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva / Demodicose bovina associada a carcinoma de células escamosas na vulva

Background: Demodicosis in cattle is caused by the mite Demodex bovis, mostly found in hair follicles. In general, this parasitic disease presents subclinically with small lumps on the skin; it can occur widely and cause serious economic losses owing to the resulting low quality leather. Demodicosis is relatively rare in farm animals, and data are scarce regarding epidemiological and pathological findings. Differential diagnoses for demodicosis in cattle should include sarcoptic, psoroptic, and chorioptic management; photosensitivity; urticaria; parakeratosis from zinc defi ciency and dermatophilosis. The aim of this study is to report a case of demodicosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva of a cow in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil.Case: A 3-year-old mixed Holstein-Friesian cow was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal of Campina Grande. The animal showed a proliferative and ulcerated sore on the vulva draining serous secretions. We performed an incisional biopsy of the affected area, and sent the tissue to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology for histological examination. The morphological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, several mite specimens were associated with the neoplastic proliferation. Based on the poor prognosis after clinical evaluation, the animal was euthanized. At necropsy, the lesions were iden

Background: Demodicosis in cattle is caused by the mite Demodex bovis, mostly found in hair follicles. In general, this parasitic disease presents subclinically with small lumps on the skin; it can occur widely and cause serious economic losses owing to the resulting low quality leather. Demodicosis is relatively rare in farm animals, and data are scarce regarding epidemiological and pathological findings. Differential diagnoses for demodicosis in cattle should include sarcoptic, psoroptic, and chorioptic management; photosensitivity; urticaria; parakeratosis from zinc defi ciency and dermatophilosis. The aim of this study is to report a case of demodicosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva of a cow in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil.Case: A 3-year-old mixed Holstein-Friesian cow was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal of Campina Grande. The animal showed a proliferative and ulcerated sore on the vulva draining serous secretions. We performed an incisional biopsy of the affected area, and sent the tissue to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology for histological examination. The morphological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, several mite specimens were associated with the neoplastic proliferation. Based on the poor prognosis after clinical evaluation, the animal was euthanized. At necropsy, the lesions were iden