Cárie dentária em molares decíduos, doenças comuns na infância e condição socioeconômica: estudo representativo de escolares brasileiros / Dental caries in deciduous molars, common childhood diseases and socioeconomic status: a representative study of brazilian schoolchildren

Objetivo: verificar a experiência de cárie em molares decíduos e a sua associação com doenças comuns na infância, uso de medicamentos, condições socioeconômicas. Materiais e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal representativo com uma amostra de 1181 crianças entre 8 e 9 anos, de ambos os sexos. O exame clínico foi realizado em ambiente escolar por uma dentista calibrada para diagnóstico de cárie dentária através do índice de dentes cariados, extraídos ou com extração indicada e obturados (Índice ceo-d). Os responsáveis responderam questionários sobre a história médica da criança e condições socioeconômicas. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Local. Os dados foram analisados através da Regressão de Poisson, sendo que as variáveis com p<0,20 foram introduzidas em um modelo multivariado e hierárquico (p<0,05). Razão de Prevalência (RP) e Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95% foram calculados. Resultados: a maioria das crianças apresenta cárie em molares decíduos (54,6%). Doenças comuns na infância e uso medicamentos não apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com cárie dentária (p>0,05). Estudantes de escolas públicas tiveram uma prevalência 27% maior de (IC95%=1,05-1,59) experiência de cárie em molares decíduos quando comparados aos estudantes de escolas particulares. Menor escolaridade materna também se mostrou associada à experiência de cárie em molares decíduos, sendo que crianças cujas mães tinham até 4 anos de estudo tinham uma prevalência 60% maior de cárie dentária (IC95%:1,19-2,16). Conclusão: a maioria das crianças apresentou experiência de cárie em molares decíduos, mas esta condição não foi associada com doenças e medicamentos utilizados até os 4 anos de idade. Entretanto, crianças de escola pública e cujas mães possuíam menor escolaridade apresentaram maior experiência de cárie.

Objective: to verify the caries experience in deciduous molars and its association with common childhood diseases, medication use, socioeconomic conditions. Materials and Methods: a representative cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 1181 children between 8 and 9 years old, of both sexes. The clinical examination was performed in a school environment by a dentist calibrated for the diagnosis of dental caries through the index of decayed teeth, extracted or with the indicated and filled samples (ceo-d index). Those responsible for the child answered about the child's medical history and socioeconomic conditions. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee Local. The data were analyzed using an analysis model, and as p<0.20, varied with variables were evaluated in a model and hierarchical. Prevalence Ratio (PR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculations. Results: 54.6% of the children had caries experience in the deciduous molars. Common childhood diseases and medication use were not significantly associated with dental caries (p>0.05). Public school students had a prevalence of 27% of students (95%CI=1.05-1.59) of caries experience in deciduous molars when compared to school students. Lower maternal schooling was also associated with caries experience in deciduous molars, with mothers with up to 4 years of schooling having a 60% higher probability of having children with dental caries (95%CI:1.19-2.16). Conclusion: most children had caries experience in deciduous molars, but it was not associated with diseases and medications used between 0 and 4 years old. However, school children and whose mothers had less schooling had a greater experience of caries.

Fatores desencadeantes para limitações sociais e saúde mental em diabéticos / Triggering factors for social limitations and mental health in diabetics / Factores desencadenantes de limitaciones sociales y salud mental en diabéticos

Introdução:A Diabetes Mellitus é caracterizada como uma síndrome de múltiplas etiologias, que ocorre pela falta de insulina, ou resistência do organismo à mesma, estando relacionada à diversas complicações que demandam ao paciente adaptações no modo de viver e que podem ser geradores de sofrimento psicológico. Objetivo:Identificar os principais fatores desencadeantes para a ocorrência de limitações sociais e suas consequências na saúde mental de pacientes convivendo com diabetes. Metodologia:O estudo configura-se como revisão integrativa da literatura. Utilizou-se como critérios de inclusão: artigos completos, publicados de 2015 a 2020, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram excluídos: documentos de editoriais, revisões, resenhas, capítulos de livros e artigos que não atendessem ao objetivo proposto. A busca dos estudos se deu entre os meses de outubro a novembro de 2020 nas bases de dados: PubMed,CinahleEmbase. Foram utilizados descritores controlados identificados nos Descritores em CiênciasdaSaúde (DECs), Medical Subject Headings (MESH) e EMBASEEmtree, resultando em 2.063 estudos na identificação, passando por triagem e permanecendo 718, após a elegibilidade resultou em 12, dando origem a 9 estudos na amostra final. Resultados:A amostra final resultou na criação de eixos temáticos que trazem o aumento do sofrimento psicológico em pessoas com diabetes ocasionados pelas mudanças no estilo de vida, na falta de apoio familiar e social, na inatividade física, no impacto do gênero e da cultura, e no aumento dos sintomas de complicações e de comprometimento funcional, sendo desencadeantes para a ocorrência de limitações sociais. Conclusões:A diabetes e o seu tratamento geram limitações sociais na vida dos pacientes, pela necessidade de mudanças no estilo devida que demandam muita dedicação e tempo, tais fatores são considerados preditores para aumento dos riscos de sofrimento psicológico nesses pacientes (AU).

Introduction:Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by being a syndrome of multiple etiologies, which occurs due to the lack of insulin or the body's resistance to it, being related to various complications that require the patient to adapt their lifestyle and that can generate psychological suffering.Objective:Identify the main triggering factors for the occurrence of social limitations and their consequences on the mental health of patients living with diabetes.Method:This study is configured as an integrative review of the literature. The inclusion criteria were full articles, published from 2015 to 2020, in English, Portuguese and Spanish.Editorial documents, reviews, book chapters and articles that did not meet theproposed objective were excluded.The compilation of studies was carried out from October and November 2020 in the databases:PubMed, CinahlandEmbase. In addition, controlled descriptors identified in the Descriptors in Health Sciences (DECs), MESH and EMBASE Emtree were used, which resulted in 2,063 studies identified, submitted for selection, remaining 718, and 12 after the eligibility process, resulting in 9 studies in the final sample.Results:The final sample resulted in the creation of thematic axes that bring an increase in psychological suffering in people with diabetes caused by changes in their lifestyle, lack of family and social support, physical inactivity, impact of gender and culture, and the increase in symptoms of complications and functional impairment, triggering the occurrence of social limitations.Conclusion:Diabetes and its treatment generate social limitations in the lives of patients, due to the need for changes in their lifestyle that require a lot of dedication and time, such factors are considered predictors to increase the risks of psychological suffering in these patients (AU).

Introducción:La Diabetes Mellitus se caracteriza por ser un síndrome de múltiples etiologías, que se presenta por la falta de insulina o por la resistencia del organismo a esta, estando relacionada con diversas complicaciones que requieren del paciente adaptaciones ensumodo de vida y que pueden generar sufrimientopsicológico.Objetivo:Identificar los principales factores desencadenantes parala ocurrenciade limitaciones sociales y sus consecuencias enla salud mental de los pacientes que viven con diabetes.Metodología:Esteestudio se configura como una revisión integradora de la literatura. Se incluyeron: artículos completos, publicados de 2015 a 2020, en inglés, portugués y español.Se excluyeron: documentos editoriales, reseñas, capítulos de libros y artículos que no cumplieron con el objetivo propuesto.El compilado de estudiosse realizóde octubre y noviembre de 2020 en las bases de datos:Medline (PubMed®), CINAHL yEMBASE.Se utilizaron descriptores controlados identificados en los Descriptores enCiencias de la Salud (DECs), MESH y EMBASE Emtree, lo que resultó en 2.063 estudios identificados, sometidos a selección, quedando 718,y resultando, luego del procesode elegibilidad,en 12, dando lugar a 9 estudios en la muestrafinal. Resultados:La muestra final resultó en la creación de ejes temáticos que traen un aumento del sufrimiento psicológico en las personas con diabetes provocado por cambios en suestilo de vida, la falta de apoyo familiar y social, inactividad física, impacto del género y la cultura, y el aumento de los síntomas de complicaciones y deterioro funcional, desencadenando la ocurrencia de limitaciones sociales.Conclusiones:La diabetes y su tratamiento generan limitaciones sociales en la vida de los pacientes, debido a la necesidad de cambios en suestilo de vida que requieren mucha dedicación y tiempo, tales factores se consideran predictores para aumentar los riesgos de sufrimiento psicológico en estos pacientes (AU).

Fatores comportamentais e socioeconômicos são fortes preditores de cárie dentária em pré- escolares: um estudo transversal / Behavioral and socioeconomic factors are strong predictors of dental caries in preschoolers: a cross-sectional study

Avaliaram-se possíveis preditores para a cárie dentária em pré-escolares sem experiência odontológica prévia, que buscaram a clínica de odontopediatria de uma universidade pública. Analisaram-se 191 prontuários, dos quais 87 foram incluídos. Coletaram-se dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, histórico de cárie da mãe, orientação prévia sobre cárie, frequência de escovação, uso de dentifrício fluoretado, consumo de doces/biscoitos e/ou líquidos açucarados, ceo-d e a presença ou ausência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte. Análises descritivas e de regressão logística binária foram realizadas para investigar quais variáveis prediziam um ceod>0. O modelo múltiplo incluiu consumo de doces/biscoitos, dados socioeconômicos, histórico de cárie na mãe e orientação prévia sobre cárie. Das crianças (2,69±1,18 anos), a maioria (67,8%) apresentava ceod>0 (3,78±3,82), sendo 50,6% meninas e 73,3% da classe baixa. A maioria (56,5%) das mães tinha 12 anos de estudos completos, histórico de cárie (78,6%) e receberam orientação prévia sobre cárie (52,9%). A maior parte (80,6%) escova os dentes pelo menos 2 vezes ao dia, utiliza dentifrício fluoretado (75,9%) e consome líquidos açucarados (90,8%), além de doces/biscoitos (86,9%) entre as refeições. Pertencer à classe baixa aumentou em 7 vezes a chance de ceod>0 (OR=7,354; IC 95%=1,951-27,723), histórico de cárie na mãe em 4 vezes (OR=4,131; IC 95%=1,042-16,369) e consumo de doces/biscoitos em quase 2 vezes (OR=1,786; IC 95%=1,072-2,976). Classe econômica baixa, histórico de cárie da mãe e consumo de doces/biscoitos entre as refeições mostraram-se fatores associados ao ceod>0 nos pacientes sem experiência prévia odontológica de uma clínica de odontopediatria de uma universidade pública.

Possible predictors of dental caries in preschool children without previous dental experience, who sought a pediatric dentistry clinic at a public university, were evaluated. Medical records (n=191) were analyzed; 87 were included. Demographic, socioeconomic data, mother's history of caries, previous orientation on caries, brushing frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste, consumption of sweets/cookies and/or sugary liquids, dmft and the presence or absence of enamel development defects were collected. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyzes were performed to investigate which variables predicted a dmft>0. The multiple model included consumption of sweets/cookies, socioeconomic data, mother's history of caries and previous orientation on caries. Of the children (2.69±1.18 years), most (67.8%) had dmft>0 (3.78±3.82), with 50.6% girls and 73.3% from the lower class. Most mothers had completed 12 years of schooling (56.5%), reported history of caries (78.6%) and received previous orientation on caries (52.9%). Most of children brush their teeth at least twice a day (80.6%), use fluoridated toothpaste (75.9%) and consume sugary liquids (90.8%), in addition to consumption of sweets/cookies (86 .9%) among the meals. Belonging to the lower class increased the chance of having dmft>0 by 7 times (OR=7,354; 95% CI=1,951-27,723), mother's history of caries by 4 times (OR=4,131;95% CI=1,042-16,369) and consumption of sweets/cookies by almost twice (OR=1,786;95% CI=1,072-2,976). Low economic class, mother's history of caries and consumption of sweets/cookies between meals were factors associated with dmft>0 in the patients without previous dental experience in a pediatric dentistry clinic at a public university.

Conhecimentos e práticas de graduandos de Odontologia sobre educação em saúde requeridos ao Sistema Único de Saúde / Knowledge and practices of dentistry undergraduates on health education required by the Unified Health System (SUS)

Objetivou-se analisar conhecimentos e práticas de formandos em Odontologia sobre educação em saúde requeridas ao Sistema Único de Saúdealém de caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico desses graduandos e identificar suas perspectivas de exercício profissional. Foi realizado estudo descritivo com amostra de60 alunos daUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco, do último período, em 2020. Utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado e de formato onlinena plataforma GoogleForms. Participaram 49 alunos (81,6%). A maioria desejaatuar como especialista (53,1%). Menos da metade (46,9%) afirmou conhecer os objetivos formativos do curso, mas 87,8% consideraramque os conteúdos de educação em saúde são mais desenvolvidos em disciplinas do eixo formativo 1 -saúde, formação humanística e social e no 3 -saúde e ciências odontológicas (65,3%). Predominaram o entendimento de educação em saúde relacionado à promoção e prevenção de doenças (57,1%) e como ato de transmitir/informar/orientar (46,9%), estratégias pedagógicas para ações/práticas educativas das disciplinas transmissivas (91,8%) e a preferência de utilização de recursos educativos para palestras (59,1%).Sobre os objetivos da educação em saúde, conscientizar as pessoas sobre a importância da saúde/bucal (93,9%) e capacitar para autonomia (73,5%) foram respostas prevalentes. A maioria, considerou como estratégias educativas voltadas à atenção básica à saúde as de autocuidado (71,4%,), instrução/prevenção de doenças bucais (65,3%) e baseadas na transdisciplinaridade (57,1%). Incorporar a educação em saúde no trabalho profissional foi considerada muito importante (89,8%). Conclui-se persistir entendimento de educação em saúde fortemente ligado ao conceito positivista de caráter transmissivo, mas compreensão ampliada de caráter participativo e popular formam observadas (AU).

The aimwas to analyze the knowledge and practices of dentistry undergraduates on health education required by the Unified Health System, in addition to characterizethe sociodemographic profile of these undergraduatestudentsand identify their perspectives for professional practice. A descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 60 students enrolled inthe last periodof2020at the Federal University of Pernambuco. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in an online format on the GoogleForms platformand49 students (81.6%) participatedin the study. Most students want to work as a specialist (53.1%). Less than half (46.9%) claimed to know the training objectives of the course, but 87.8% considered that the health education contents are more developed in subjects of training axes 1 -health, humanistic and social training and 3 -health and dental sciences (65.3%). The understanding of health education related to the promotion and prevention of diseases predominated (57.1%) and as an act of transmitting/informing/guiding (46.9%), pedagogical strategies for educational actions/practices of transmissive disciplines (91.8 %) and the preference ofusingeducational resources for lectures (59.1%). Regarding the aimsof health education, making peopleaware of the importance of oral health (93.9%) and training for autonomy (73.5%) were prevalent responses. The majority considered self-care (71.4%), instruction/prevention of oral diseases (65.3%) and those based on transdisciplinarity (57.1%) as educational strategies aimed at primary health care. Incorporating health education into professional work was considered very important (89.8%). It wasconcluded that the understanding of health education is strongly linked to the positivist concept of a transmissive character,but expanded understanding of a participatory and popular character wasobserved (AU).

Determinação da cárie dentária, hipomineralização molar incisivo e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de escolares: uma abordagem usando modelagem por equações estruturais / Determination of dental caries, molar-incisor hypomineralization and oral healthrelated quality of life in schoolchildren: a structural equation modelling approach

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) é um construto que vem sendo amplamente estudado e com grande importância nas últimas décadas, principalmente, no que se refere aos impactos das condições bucais no dia a dia das pessoas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar, por meio de um modelo estrutural de determinação da cárie dentária e hipomineralização molar-incisivo (HMI), o impacto destas condições e das condições socioeconômicas na QVRSB de escolares. Este estudo transversal representativo foi conduzido em Lavras, MG, com amostra constituída por 1181 crianças de ambos os sexos, entre 8 e 9 anos de idade. A QVRSB foi mensurada por meio da aplicação da versão brasileira do Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8-10 (CPQ 8-10) aos escolares. O exame clínico dos dentes permanentes dos escolares foi realizado por uma cirurgiã-dentista calibrada para diagnóstico de cárie dentária, de acordo com as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), e de HMI, de acordo com os parâmetros propostos pela Academia Europeia de Odontopediatria (EAPD). Os responsáveis responderam um questionário sobre a história médica da criança e questões socioeconômicas da família. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFMG (Protocolo nº 398.792). Os dados foram analisados por meio da Modelagem por Equações Estruturais para estimar os efeitos diretos e indiretos entre as variáveis, adotando um valor de nível de significância de 0,05. O modelo estrutural demonstrou que quanto maior a gravidade do HMI (ß = 1,796; p<0,001) e quanto pior a condição socioeconômica (ß = -0,100; p=0,001), maior o número de dentes com experiência de cárie. Além disso, quanto maior o número de dentes com experiência de cárie (ß = 0,099; p=0,004) e pior a condição socioeconômica (ß = -0,164; p<0,001), maior o impacto negativo na QVRSB dos escolares. Não foi encontrada associação direta entre HMI e QVRSB (ß = 0.198; p > 0.05), mas observou-se uma associação indireta entre essas variáveis, mediada pela variável número de dentes com experiência de cárie (ß = 0,099; p=0,004). Conclui-se que escolares com mais dentes afetados por cárie dentária, com maior gravidade de HMI e pertencentes a famílias de piores condições socioeconômicas possuíram maior impacto negativo na QVRSB, sendo que cárie dentária e condição socioeconômica apresentaram efeito direto na QVRSB, e HMI efeito indireto, passando pela experiência de cárie dentária.

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a construct that has been studied and with great importance in the last decades, especially regarding the impact of oral conditions on people's daily lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through a structural model for determining dental caries and molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), the impact of these conditions and socioeconomic conditions on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren. This representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Lavras, MG, with a sample of 1181 schoolchildren of both sexes, aged between 8 and 9 years. OHRQoL was measured by the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8-10 (CPQ 8-10) self-reported by schoolchildren. The clinical examination of the schoolchildren's permanent teeth was performed by a dentist calibrated for the diagnosis of dental caries, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), and MIH, according to the parameters proposed by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD). Parents answered a questionnaire about the child's medical history and the family's socioeconomic status. This study was approved by the UFMG Research Ethics Committee (Protocol #398,792). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling to estimate the direct and indirect effects between the variables, adopting a significance level value of 0.05. The structural model showed that greater severity of the MIH (ß = 1.796; p<0.001) and worse socioeconomic status (ß = -0.100; p=0.001) were associated with greater number of teeth with caries experience. In addition, greater the number of teeth with caries experience (ß = 0.099; p=0.004) and worse socioeconomic status (ß = -0.164; p<0.001) were associated with greater negative impact on OHRQoL of schoolchildren. No direct association was found between HMI and OHRQoL (ß = 0.198; p > 0.05), but an indirect association was observed between these variables, mediated by the variable number of teeth with caries experience (ß = 0.099; p=0.004). It is concluded that schoolchildren with more teeth affected by dental caries, with greater severity of MIH and belonging to families with worse socioeconomic status had a greater negative impact on OHRQoL. Dental caries and socioeconomic status had a direct effect on OHRQOL, and MIH had an indirect effect, through dental caries experience.

Relação do senso de coerência materno com a condição socioeconômica e a cárie dentária em crianças pré-escolares no município de Manaus, Amazonas / Relationship between the maternal sense of coherence with socioeconomic status and dental caries in preschool children in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Objetivo:Avaliar a relação do SOC com índice Ceo-d e o SOC com as condições socioeconômicas familiares com a cárie dentária em pré-escolares (3-5 anos) do município de Manaus, capital do Estado do Amazonas. Métodos: O estudo contou com uma amostra de 89 pais e 89 crianças. Para avaliação da cárie dentária foi utilizado o índice ceo-d; o índice significativo de cárie (SiC Index) foi utilizado para avaliar a desigualdade de cárie na amostra do estudo; para avaliar o SOC materno foi utilizado o questionário (versão curta); e para avaliar as condições socioeconômicas foram utilizadas as questões do Levantamento Nacional SB Brasil 2010. Resultados: Houve uma média do ceo-d de 1,50 com maior ocorrência de cárie dentária nos participantes do gênero masculino, assim como índice SiC que se apresentou maior no gênero masculino em média 4,38. A média do senso de coerência materno foi maior entre as crianças de 5 anos de idade com um valor de 39,33 em média e no que tange às condições socioeconômicas, observaram-se que a maior parte dos participantes, 42,33 em média vive com uma renda familiar de R$1.501 a R$2.500 reais, e uma amostra considerável de 35,40 em média sobrevive com uma renda familiar de R$ 250 reais. Conclusão: Não houve uma correlação significativa entre as condições socioeconômicas e o SOC materno com o índice ceo-d.

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between SOC with the Ceo-d index and SOC with family socioeconomic conditions with dental caries in preschoolers (3-5 years) in the municipality of Manaus, capital of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: This study included a sample of 89 parents and 89 children. To evaluate dental caries, the ceo-d index was used; the significant caries index (SiC Index) was used to evaluate the inequality of caries in the study sample; to evaluate the maternal SOC, the questionnaire (short version) was applied; and to evaluate the socioeconomic conditions, the SB Brazil 2010: National Research on Oral Health was used. Results: An average ceo-d of 1.50 was found, with a higher occurrence of dental caries in male participants, as well as an SiC index that proved to be higher in males, on average by 4.38 fold. The average sense of maternal coherence was higher among 5-year-old children, with a value of 39.33 on average. As regards socioeconomic conditions, it was observed that most participants, 42.33 on average, live with a monthly family income of R$1,501 to R$2,500 reais, and a considerable sample of 35.40 on average survives on a monthly family income of R$250 reais. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between socioeconomic conditions and maternal SOC with the ceo-d index.

Tooth Loss, Sociodemographic Conditions and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in the Elderly

Abstract Objective: To verify the association between impacts produced by tooth loss and sociodemographic variables in the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the elderly. Material and Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the municipality of Vitória/ES, Brazil, which sample was composed of 402 older adults. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure the individuals' OHRQoL. For data analysis, descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed using the Fisher's exact test and the Mantel-Haenzsel test to assess the effects of combined dimensions. The significance level adopted was 5%. To assess the strength of association between independent variables and dimensions, Odds-Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: The prevalence of negative impact on OHRQoL in the elderly was 32.6%. The greatest impact perception was found in individuals with up to 10 years of schooling (p=0.021 and OR=1.602), with need for removable partial dentures (p=0.000 and OR=2.873) and those who did not accept the loss of dental elements (p=0.000 and OR=3.064). Conclusion: Older female adults with socioeconomic class C/D-E, with up to 10 years of schooling, who lost 11 or more teeth, who declared the need for removable partial dentures, suffered greater impacts caused by tooth loss on OHRQoL.

Do untreated caries influence the school leaving of adolescents? A cohort study

Abstract The objective was assess the influence of untreated caries and socioeconomic status (SES) on school dropout among adolescents. A six-year cohort study was conducted with random sample of adolescents (12 years-old) who had been evaluated initially in 2012 from Santa Maria, Brazil. Sex, socioeconomic status (mother's education and household income), and untreated caries were collected at the baseline. The outcome variable was collected at the follow-up through self-report and was divided into three categories: adolescents who only studied, who studied and employed, and who school dropouts. A multinomial regression model was performed to assess the influence of oral disease and SES on school leaving, through relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). From of 1,134 adolescents evaluated at the baseline, 768 participants with a mean age of 17.5 years were re-evaluated at follow-up (67.8% response rate). Male (RRR: 2.31; 95%CI: 1.19-4.48) and adolescents with untreated caries at the baseline had an increment in school-leaving (RRR: 2.26; 95%CI: 1.12-4.56). Mothers with low education (RRR: 2.24; 95%CI: 1.09-4.61) had a higher probability of having children who leave school. Untreated caries and low SES in early adolescence can influence the tendency to school dropouts.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da cárie dentária não tratada e do status socioeconômico (SES) sobre o abandono escolar dos adolescentes. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte de seis anos de acompanhamento com uma amostra aleatória de adolescentes (12 anos de idade) avaliados inicialmente em 2012 em Santa Maria, Brasil. Sexo, status socioeconômico (educação da mãe e renda familiar) e cárie não tratada foram coletados no início do estudo. A variável de desfecho foi coletada no acompanhamento por meio do autorrelato e foi dividida em três categorias: adolescentes que apenas estudavam, aqueles que estudavam e trabalhavam e quem tinha abandonado a escola. Um modelo de regressão multinomial foi realizado para avaliar a influência da doença bucal e do SES sobre o abandono escolar, por meio da razão de risco relativo (RRR) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Dos 1.134 adolescentes avaliados no início do estudo, 768 participantes com idade média de 17,5 anos foram reavaliados no acompanhamento (taxa de resposta de 67,8%). Meninos (RRR: 2,31; IC 95%: 1,19- 4,48) e adolescentes com cárie não tratada no início do estudo tiveram um incremento no abandono escolar (RRR: 2,26; IC 95%: 1,12-4,56). Mães com baixa escolaridade (RRR: 2,24; IC95%: 1,09-4,61) tiveram maior probabilidade de ter filhos que abandonaram a escola. Cárie dentária não tratada e baixo SES no início da adolescência pode influenciar a tendência de evasão escolar.

Comparison of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status of Children in Suburban with those in Rural Population of Southwestern Nigeria

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status and associated risk factors of children in suburban and rural communities in the Southwest region of Nigeria. Material and Methods: Secondary data was extracted from cross-sectional researches conducted in two study locations involving 8 to 12 year olds. Data retrieved included age, gender, family structure, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene and dental caries. Caries assessment was done using WHO Oral Health Survey methods. Oral hygiene data was collected using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) by Greene and Vermillion. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in Group A and Group B study participants were 13.4% and 22.2% respectively. Children from rural community had significant higher caries prevalence (p=0.00) and poorer oral hygiene (P=0.00) compare with their counterparts in the suburban community. There was a significant association between oral hygiene, age and dental caries in suburban participants (p=0.02) while among the rural participants there was significant association between gender and dental caries (p=0.04). Children with poor oral hygiene have increased odds of having dental caries compared to children with good oral hygiene in the two study communities. Conclusion: Dental caries was more prevalent among the rural dwellers than the sub-urban dwellers. There is a need to make oral health care services/products available, accessible and affordable for the rural community.

Association between Oral Health Literacy and Socioeconomic Variables in Users of Centers for Dental Specialties

ABSTRACT Objective: To test possible associations between Oral Health Literacy (OHL) level and socioeconomic covariates among users of Centers for Dental Specialties (CEOs). Material and Methods: The Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) instrument was applied to 130 adult users of CEOs located in 13 municipalities in the state of São Paulo - Brazil, as well as socioeconomic issues. The researcher applied instruments in a specific room after randomly selecting individuals in the waiting room and invitation acceptance. Each item was ranked on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4, in which high scores indicate minimal difficulties in performing functions (high OHL) and low scores indicate very limited abilities to perform functions (low OHL). Statistical analysis using the Levene test was used to verify the possibility of using the one-way ANOVA test, and in case results show positive values (p>0.05), the Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results: The average age of participants was 45 years, with more than half being female (68.7%) with 9-11 years of schooling (48.4%). When considering the total value of HeLD-14 questions, OHL was associated with covariates schooling, marital status and family income. Conclusion: OHL levels were associated with socioeconomic variables, contributing to evidence in this field of specialized care.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de crianças e suas famílias e fatores associados / Evaluation of quality of life related to the health of children and their families and associated factors

Introdução O desenvolvimento do complexo craniofacial resulta da interação de fatores genéticos e ambientais. Dentre as ocorrências que podem afetar esse desenvolvimento, estão as odontológicas. A cárie dentária e a má oclusão são de etiologia multifatorial e atingem grande parte da população, podendo impactar a qualidade de vida. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de fatores clínicos, funcionais e sociais na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de crianças e suas famílias. Material e método A amostra consistiu de 753 crianças matriculadas nas escolas públicas da cidade de Araraquara-SP. Foram realizados exames bucais para avaliar a ocorrência cárie dentária (ceo-d e CPO-D) e a má oclusão (Foster, Hamilton) e aplicado um questionário socioeconômico aos pais, além do questionário para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal (ECOHIS). Os dados foram avaliados por meio de análise bivariada e, em seguida, pelo modelo de regressão logística múltipla, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultado A condição social, além das variáveis clínicas de cárie dentaria e trauma dental, apresentou associação com o impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal nas três sessões do questionário: criança, pais e geral, respectivamente. Conclusão A experiência da cárie dentária, o nível socioeconômico e o trauma dental foram variáveis preditoras para o impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de crianças e suas famílias. Os hábitos estão mais relacionados ao índice ceo-d e ao nível socioeconômico do que com a má oclusão.

Introduction The development of the craniofacial complex results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Dental caries and malocclusion have a multifactorial etiology and affect a large part of the population, which may impact the quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical, functional and social factors on oral health-related quality of life of children and their families. Material and method The sample consisted of 753 children enrolled in public schools in the city of Araraquara-SP. Oral examinations were performed to assess dental caries (dmft and DMFT) and malocclusion (Foster, Hamilton) and a socioeconomic questionnaire was administered to the parents, in addition to the quality assessment questionnaire. health-related life expectancy (ECOHIS). Data were evaluated by bivariate analysis and then by multiple logistic regression model, considering the significance level of 5%. Result Social condition, besides the clinical variables dental caries and dental trauma were associated with the negative impact on oral health-related quality of life in the three questionnaire sessions, child, parent and general respectively. Conclusion The experience of dental caries, socioeconomic status and dental trauma were predictive variables for the negative impact on oral health-related quality of life of children and their families. Habits seem to be more related to the dmft index and socioeconomic level than to malocclusion.

Effect of dental caries and socioeconomic status on social capital throughout adolescence: a 6-year follow-up

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of clinical and socioeconomic factors on social capital throughout adolescence. A cohort study was performed in 2012 (T1) with a random sample of 1,134 12-year-old adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil. Questions on socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, household crowding) were answered by the parents. Clinicians evaluated their dental caries (decayed, missing, and filled status of permanent teeth) and gingival bleeding (using the Community Periodontal Index). Contextual variables including the mean income of the neighborhood in which the school was located were used (T1). The adolescents were revaluated in 2018 (T2) and answered questions regarding social capital (social trust, social control, empowerment, neighborhood security, and political effectiveness). A path analysis was used to test the relationship between the predictor variables (T1) and social capital (T2). A total of 768 adolescents were reevaluated at a 6-year follow-up (cohort retention rate of 67.7%). Most of the adolescents were girls, with a low household income, about 40% had caries experience (T1), and about 64% had high social capital (T2). The highest neighborhood's mean income was related to a lower household income in T1 (p < 0.01), and this was directly related to a low social capital in T2 (p = 0.04). Furthermore, caries experience at T1 was directly associated with low social capital at T2 (p = 0.03). Socioeconomic factors were also related to caries experience. Individuals who lived in neighborhoods with greater inequality such as families with a low household income and those with untreated dental caries in early adolescence, had a low social capital after follow-up.

Impact of Early Childhood Caries and Maternal Behaviors on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Children

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of early childhood caries, maternal behaviors and associated factors on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 163 preschool children aged 3-4 old from Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Mothers completed the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and answered questions about sociodemographic and maternal behaviors characteristics. The severity of dental caries was assessed by ICDAS criteria for evaluated early childhood caries (ECC). A Poisson regression model was used to investigate the association of ECC and associated factors on OHRQoL. Results: A total of 91.4% of preschooler children was ECC (ICDAS ≥ 1). Mean ECOHIS function domain and parental anxiety domain scores were significantly higher in children with dental caries (p<0.05). The adjusted Poisson regression model showed that household income, maternal education, mother's job status and breastfeeding time was significantly associated with ECOHIS scores. Regarding oral conditions, child caries experience was associated with worsening child and family quality of life (RR 2.21; 95% IC: 1.43-3.41). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ECC, socioeconomic and maternal behaviors characteristics influence children's OHRQoL.

Traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua e condição socioeconômica: uma revisão crítica da literatura / Traumatic dental injury in primary teeth and socioeconomic factors: a critical literature review

Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre a condição socioeconômica e o traumatismo dentário em crianças na dentição decídua. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed, seguindo uma estratégia de combinação de palavras-chave. Não houve restrição em relação ao ano de publicação, tipo de estudo e o local em que foi realizado. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada em duas etapas: através do processo de leitura dos títulos e resumos, e em seguida, por meio da obtenção e leitura dos artigos completos selecionados. Resultados: De um total de 94 artigos encontrados, 16 foram selecionados para a revisão de literatura. Desses, 13 preencheram todos os critérios metodológicos analisados. A maioria dos estudos foram realizados no Brasil. A idade das crianças não ultrapassou os seis anos. Associações estatisticamente significantes entre a prevalência do traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua e condição socioeconômica foram encontradas em quatro artigos. Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos não encontrou associação entre o traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua com a condição socioeconômica.

Aim: To verify the association between socioeconomic factors and traumatic dental injuries in preschool children in primary dentitions. Methods: A bibliographic search was made in the PubMed electronic database, following a keyword combination strategy. There were no restrictions regarding the year of publication, type of study, and place where it was performed. The selection of the studies was achieved in two steps: through the process of reading the titles and abstracts and by obtaining and reading the complete selected articles. Results: From the 94 articles that were found, 16 were eligible for inclusion in the literature review. Of these, 13 articles met all of the proposed methodology criteria. Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil. The age of the children did not exceed 6 years. Statistically significant associations between the prevalence of traumatic dental injury in the primary dentition and socioeconomic factors were found in 4 articles. Conclusion:The majority of studies found no association between dental trauma in primary dentition and socioeconomic status.

Malocclusion negatively impacted the oral health-related quality of life of children of low socioeconomic status / Maloclusão impactou negativamente a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico

Aim: This study assessed whether the presence of malocclusion had a negative impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of eight to ten-year-old children of low socioeconomic status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 111 children, eight to ten years of age, randomly selected from public schools from Diamantina, MG, Brazil. The number of children was determined by a sample size calculation. Two calibrated examiners performed clinical oral examinations for the diagnosis of malocclusion, dental caries experience, and traumatic dental injuries following the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the World Health Organization (WHO), and Andreasen's classification, respectively. The Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) was applied to evaluate the OHRQoL. Descriptive and bivariate (p < 0.05) analyses were also performed. Results: Children had a mean age of 8.89 ± 0.82 years, of which 52.3% were female. The prevalence of malocclusion was 62.2%. Significant differences were found in emotional (p = 0.045) and social (p = 0.017) well-being subscale scores as well as in the total CPQ8-10 (p = 0.022) scores between children with and without malocclusion. Conclusion: The presence of malocclusion negatively impacted the OHRQoL of children aged eight to ten years of age of a low socioeconomic status.

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou se a presença de maloclusão impactou negativamente a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de crianças de oito a dez anos de idade de baixo nível socioeconômico.Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com um total de 111 crianças de oito a dez anos de idade selecionadas aleatoriamente em escolas públicas de Diamantina, Brasil. O número de crianças foi determinado por cálculo amostral. Dois examinadores calibrados realizaram exames clínicos bucais para o diagnóstico de maloclusão, experiência de cárie dentária e lesões dentárias traumáticas após o Índice de Estética Dental (DAI), Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e classificação de Andreasen, respectivamente. A versão brasileira do Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) foi aplicada para avaliar a QVRSB. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas (p < 0,05). Resultados: As crianças tinham média de idade de 8,89 ± 0,82 anos, sendo 52,3% do sexo feminino. A prevalência de maloclusão foi de 62,2%. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos escores das subescalas de bem-estar emocional (p = 0,045) e social (p = 0,017), como também nos escores totais do CPQ8-10 (p = 0,022) entre crianças com e sem maloclusão. Conclusão: A presença de maloclusão impactou negativamente a QVRSB de crianças de oito a dez anos de idade de baixo nível socioeconômico.

Degree of family cohesion and social class are associated with the number of cavitated dental caries in adolescents

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between number of cavitated dental caries in adolescents and family cohesion, drug use, sociodemographic factors and visits to the dentist. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 746 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years from Campina Grande, Brazil. The parents answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data, and the adolescents answered questionnaires on drug use, type of family cohesion and visits to the dentist. Two examiners underwent training and calibration exercises (K > 0.80) to diagnose dental caries using the Nyvad criteria. A directed acyclic graph was created to select the variables to be controlled in the statistical model. Associations between the independent variables and the outcome were determined using robust Poisson Regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The prevalence of dental caries and cavitated lesions among the adolescents was 92.8% and 41.6%, respectively. The following variables remained associated with the number of cavitated lesions in the multivariate analysis: disengaged (RR: 6.30; 95%CI: 1.24-31.88; p = 0.028 ), separated (RR: 4.80; 95%CI: 1.03-22.35; p = 0.046) and connected (RR: 5.23; 95%CI: 1.27-21.59; p = 0.024) levels of family cohesion, and high social class (RR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.39-0.76; p = 0.001). In conclusion, this paper posits that adolescents with a lower socioeconomic status, and those whose family cohesion was classified as disengaged, separated or connected, had a larger number of cavitated lesions.

Neighborhood environmental factors associated with leisure walking in adolescents

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify the associations of leisure walking with perceived and objective measures of neighborhood environmental factors stratified by gender and socioeconomic status (SES) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1,130 high school students (47.3% girls; aged 14 to 20 years old) from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Leisure walking and SES were self-reported by the adolescents. Perceived environmental factors were assessed through Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y). Objective measures were evaluated using Geographic Information Systems, with road network calculated around the adolescent's residential address, using 0.5km and 1.0km buffers. Data collection was carried out in 2017 and generalized linear regression models were used. RESULTS Leisure walking was positively associated with access to services (0.5 km buffers [Odds ratio (OR) = 2.22] 1.0 km buffers [OR = 2.17]) and lower distance to parks and squares (0.5 km [OR=2.80] 1.0 km [OR = 2.73]) in girls from low SES. Residential density (0.5 km [OR = 1.57] 1.0 km [OR = 1.54]) and walkability index (0.5 km [OR = 1.17] 1.0 km [OR = 1.20]) were associated with leisure walking in girls from middle SES. Boys from low SES showed an inverse association between crime safety and leisure walking (0.5 km [OR = 0.59] 1.0 km [OR = 0.63]). Neighborhood recreation facilities was positively associated with leisure walking in middle SES (0.5 km [OR = 1.55] 1.0 km [OR = 1.60]). Land use mix (0.5 km [OR = 1.81] 1.0 km [OR = 1.81]), neighborhood recreation facilities (0.5 km [OR = 2.32] 1.0 km [OR = 2.28]) and places for walking (0.5 km [OR=2.07] 1.0 km [OR=2.22]) were positively associated with leisure walking in high SES. CONCLUSION Environmental factors (objectively and subjectively measured) and leisure walking show association in boys and girls of different SES.

Impact of Untreated Dental Caries on Daily Performances of Children From Low Social Class in an Urban African Population: The Importance of Pain

Objective: To determine the impact of untreated dental caries on the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children from low social class in an urban Nigerian population. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among 6 to 15-year-old pupils from low social class in randomly selected primary schools in Ibadan. An interviewer-administered Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) questionnaire was used to obtain required information. Oral examination was conducted by calibrated examiners. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS and test of association done with Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 1286 pupils participated in the study and 130 (10.1%) had untreated dental caries, out of which 26 (20.0%) had pain from carious tooth. The C-OIDP of children with dental caries was similar to that of children without caries [median 0.0 vs. median 0.0; r = -0.025; p=0.368]. The median COIDP (3.0) of those with untreated dental caries and pain was higher than that of participants with painless caries [0.0; r=-0.768; p<0.001]. There were significant impacts on all eight domains of the OHRQoL of those with untreated dental caries and pain (71.4 ­ 100.0%) when compared to those with painless caries (0.0 ­ 28.6%; p<0.05). Conclusion: Untreated dental caries significantly impacts on OHRQoL of pupils from low social class only when associated with pain.

Caracterização de jovens livres de cárie / Characterization of caries-free young

O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico e hábitos alimentares e de higiene de jovens, com idade entre 18 e 24 anos, livres de cárie, beneficiando a odontologia no sentido de estudar dados relacionados à saúde e não a doença como já bem relatado na literatura. Através de exame clínico simples foram selecionados os alunos livres de cárie (88) que então responderam a um questionário com questões sobre o perfil socioeconômico da família, os hábitos alimentares, de higiene, de rotina ao consultório odontológico e incentivo dos responsáveis da infância até os dias atuais. O perfil socioeconômico mais prevalente foi entre os estratos A a B2, com o nível de escolaridade dos pais entre médio completo e pós-graduação. Em relação à água fluoretada e a informações sobre saúde bucal 93% responderam ter tido acesso. As escovações foram relatadas no mínimo de 1 a 3 vezes por dia, chegando até a 5 vezes. Os consultórios particulares foram os mais visitados, com um intervalo de 3 a 6 meses entre as consultas por motivo de prevenção. A escovação foi supervisionada pelos pais até os 7 anos de idade por 63,64% dos entrevistados. Desta forma, os dados colhidos durante esta pesquisa podem auxiliar na formação, reorientação ou adaptação de políticas públicas de saúde através da organização do serviço, planejamento de estratégias para os trabalhos principalmente de educação, atenção e prevenção em saúde bucal, trazendo benefícios não só a odontologia, mas à toda população(AU)

The objective of this study was to characterize the socioeconomic profile and eating and hygiene habits of young people., aged 18 to 24 years old, caries-free, benefiting dentistry in order to study data related to health and not the disease as already reported in the literature. Through a simple clinical examination, caries-free students were selected (88), who then answered a questionnaire with questions about the family's socioeconomic profile, eating habits, hygiene, routine dental appointments, and indulcement of parents or guardians for childhood to the present day. The most prevalent socioeconomic profile was between the strata A and B2, with the level of schooling of the parents between full middle and postgraduate. Regarding fluoridated water and oral health information, 93% said they had access. Brushing has been reported at least 1 to 3 times a day, up to 5 times. Private practices were the most visited, with a 3-6 month interval between consultations due to prevention. Brushing was supervised by parents up to 7 years of age by 63.64% of the interviewees. Therefore, the data collected during this research can help in the formation, reorientation or adaptation of public health policies through the organization of the service, planning strategies for the work mainly education, attention and prevention in oral health, bringing benefits not only dentistry, but the entire population(AU)

Baixo alfabetismo em saúde bucal de pais/responsáveis está associado à cárie dentária com envolvimento pulpar de seus filhos / Low oral health literacy of parents/caregivers is associated with the pulp-related consequences of dental care

O Alfabetismo em Saúde Bucal é definido como o grau com o qual os indivíduos têm a capacidade de obter, processar e compreender informações básicas sobre saúde bucal, e os serviços necessários para aplicar informações e fazer escolhas de saúde adequadas. Estudos realizados têm evidenciado uma associação entre os níveis mais baixos de alfabetismo em saúde bucal dos pais e piores condições bucais de seus filhos. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação do alfabetismo em saúde bucal dos pais/responsáveis com a ocorrência de cárie dentária cavitada e suas consequências clínicas pulpares em pré-escolares de Ribeirão das Neves, MG. Foi realizado um estudo transversal representativo de pré-escolares de 4 a 6 anos de idade de Ribeirão das Neves, MG, e seus pais/responsáveis. Um total de 449 pais/responsáveis respondeu a um questionário socioeconômico e à versão brasileira do Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (BHKOHLAT-P), que mensura o alfabetismo em saúde bucal. A seleção das instituições de ensino e dos pré-escolares foi feito de forma randomizada estratificada, em duplo estágio, respeitando a proporcionalidade de pré-escolares em cada uma das três regionais de Ribeirão das Neves (Distrito de Justinópolis, Regional Centro e Regional Veneza), assim como dos pré-escolares matriculados nas redes de ensino Pública e privada do município. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (COEP/UFMG), sob o parecer de número: 2725377. O Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) foi assinado pelos pais/responsáveis que autorizaram a participação dos seus filhos na pesquisa. Os pré-escolares assentiram por meio do Termo de Assentimento Livre Esclarecido (TALE). Os pré-escolares foram examinados nas dependências da escola, em uma sala reservada, por dois examinadores calibrados, os valores de Kappa variaram de 0,96 a 0,99 para a concordância inter-examinadores e para a concordância intra-examinador, para o diagnóstico de cárie dentária (Índice ICDAS simplificado) e das consequências clínicas pulpares da cárie (Índice pufa), utilizando luz artificial (lanterna de cabeça), espelho clínico e gaze para secagem dos dentes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, testes Qui-Quadrado, Exato de Fisher e Linear por Linear para análises bivariadas, e Regressão Logística Multivariada (p<0,05). A prevalência de cárie dentária cavitada foi de 51,0%, e cárie com consequência pulpar de 13,6%. O modelo multivariado ajustado pelas variáveis grau de parentesco, pré-escolares e pais/responsáveis possuírem plano de saúde e já terem ido ao dentista, escolaridade materna, renda familiar mensal, sexo e idade do pré-escolares, demonstrou que o alfabetismo não foi associado à presença da cárie não tratada (OR:0,97; 95%IC:0,65- 1,46; p=0,890). Entretanto, pais/responsáveis com menor alfabetismo em saúde bucal tiveram 93% vezes mais chance de ter filhos com consequências clínicas pulpares da cárie não tratada (OR:1,93; IC95%:1,01-3,69; p=0,046) comparado com aqueles com maior alfabetismo em saúde bucal. Conclui-se que o baixo alfabetismo em saúde bucal de pais/responsáveis está associado a uma maior chance de seus filhos possuírem consequências clínicas pulpares da cárie dentária cavitada. (AU)

Oral health literacy is defined as the degree to which individuals have the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic information about oral health, and the services required to make appropriate health choices, such as the right to access to an oral health service. Studies in other countries have identified an association between low levels of oral health literacy in parents and the worse oral conditions of their children. The objective of the present study was therefore to evaluate the association between the oral health literacy of parents/caregivers and the occurrence of untreated tooth decay and its pulp-related consequences in preschool children from Ribeirão das Neves, Minas Gerais. A cross-sectional study was carried out with preschool children aged 4 to 6 years old from Ribeirão das Neves, Minas Gerais, and their parents/caregivers. A total of 449 parents/caregivers responded to a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Pediatric Dentistry (BHKOHLAT-P) which measures functional oral health literacy. The selection of educational institutions and preschoolers was carried out in a randomized, stratified, double-stage form, respecting the proportionality of students in each of the three regions of Ribeirão das Neves (Justinópolis, the Center and Venice), as well as enrolled schoolchildren in the public and private education networks of the city. This study was submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee in Research involving Human Beings of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (COEP / UFMG), under opinion number: 86759218.0.0000.5149. A Free and Informed Consent Form was sent to the parents/caregivers of preschool children, through which they authorized the participation of their children in the study, while the preschoolers consented through a FICF for children and adolescents. The children were examined on school premises in a private room by two calibrated examiners, with Kappa values ranging from 0.96 to 0.99 for inter-examiner and intra-examiner agreement, respectively, for the diagnosis of dental caries (simplified ICDAS Index) and the clinical consequences of dental caries (PUFA Index) using artificial light (headlamp), a clinical mirror and gauze for drying teeth. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's Exact and Linear by Linear tests for bivariate analysis, and Multivariate Logistic Regression (p <0.05). The prevalence of cavitated dental caries was 51.0%, while for caries with pulp-related consequences it was 13.6%. The multivariate model adjusted for the variables kinship, preschoolers and parents/caregivers with health insurance and who have already attended the dentist, maternal education, monthly family income, gender and age of preschoolers, showed that literacy was not associated with the presence of untreated caries (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.65-1.46; p=0.890). However, parents/caregivers with lower oral health literacy were 93% more likely to have children with clinical pulp-related consequences of untreated caries (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.01-3.69; p=0.046) than those with higher oral health literacy. It is concluded that the low oral health literacy of parents/caregivers is associated with a greater chance of their children having clinical pulp-related consequences of cavitated dental caries. (AU)