Assuntos
Praguicidas , 28484 , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Ações Tóxicas , Ecossistema Tropical , Uso de Praguicidas , PesquisaRESUMO
In the province of New Brunswick there are over 4.500 people including farmers, greenhouse operators, Christmas tree growers, pesticide vendors and golf course managers who use and store commercial and restricted class pesticides on their own property, or property under their own control. Their level of training, knowledge and experience vary greatly, with some lacking the basic knowledge on how to safety mix, load, apply, store, and dispose of pesticides (AU)
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Uso de Praguicidas , Legislação , Educação , Medição de Risco , Medidas de Segurança , Gestão de Riscos , CanadáAssuntos
Uso de Praguicidas , Intoxicação , Praguicidas , Contaminação de Alimentos , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
En este documento se presentan algunos de los resultados obtenidos de los estudios del Programa Regional de Plaguicidas, sobre las características básicas del uso de los plaguicidas en América Central, complementado con otra información disponible en la región en relación al tema de los plaguicidas (AU)
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Uso de Praguicidas , Saúde Ambiental , Saúde Pública , América Central , Substâncias Perigosas , AgriculturaRESUMO
El Programa Internacional de Seguridad de las Sustancias Químicas (IPCS) ha publicado recientemente un documento sobre criterios de higiene del medio. El objetivo de este documento es adoptar el punto de vista del ecotoxicólogo y examinar los efectos en las poblaciones de organismos presentes en el medio ambiente. Los productos químicos tratados son: Acido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético, aldicarb, amoníaco, cromo y sus compuestos inorgánicos, deltametrina, diclorometano, dimetilformamida, epiclorhidrina, esporicidina, n-Hexano, paration, tetracloroetileno, tolueno, compuestos de tributilestaño, tricloroetileno, trifenilfosfato, vanadio, de cada uno de los cuales ofrece información en caso de ingesta, acumulación, eliminación y biodegradación; toxicidad para los microorganismos; toxicidad para los organismos acuáticos, organismos terrestres; efectos sobre el terreno; usos, fuentes y niveles de exposición, cinética y metabolismo; estudios en animales de experimentación; toxicología y efectos en el ser humano
Assuntos
Substâncias Perigosas , Substâncias Perigosas , Exposição a Praguicidas , Impactos da Poluição na Saúde , Medidas de Segurança , Medição de Risco , Uso de Praguicidas , Cinética , Metabolismo , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético , Amônia , Toxicologia , Cromo , Dimetilformamida , Epicloroidrina , Epicloroidrina , Epicloroidrina , Tetracloroetileno , Vanádio , Vanádio , Vanádio , Cloreto de Metileno , Tolueno , Aldicarb , Cloreto de Metileno , Hexanos , TricloroetilenoRESUMO
Human health and agriculture are inextricably related. A balanced nutrition provided by a productive agriculture contributes to the health and wellbeing of man, improves his resistance to disease, and enhances his capability for productivity. A variety of pest reduce agricultural productivity by as much as 50 per cent or more and are also carriers of human disease. Pest control, therefore, is essential to the well-being of society. Chemicals are extensively used for pest control, but, when improperly used, contribute to both health and environmental problems. An approach called the "Agromedical Approach" has evolved for insuring proper use of pesticides, protection of human health and encouragement of production of agriculture (AU)
Assuntos
Agricultura , Uso de Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Saúde Pública , Vigilância SanitáriaRESUMO
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the types of chemicals used as pesticides. The chemicals are prepared in various formulations - dusts, granulars, liquids, two types of emulsifiable liquids, etc. The toxicity of a chemical depends not only upon its innate properties, but also on the manner and amount used. The effects (if any) produced are a function of the dose-response relationship. Hazards with chemicals can be minimized by a knowledge of what is involved and by taking the proper protective measures. The types of chemicals used as pesticides are illustrated in this chapter. The chemical and physical properties as they relate to the behavior in the environment and toxicity are briefly described. Thus, knowing such properties as vapor pressure, water solubility and reactivity becomes a basis for predicting adsorption by soil and other surfaces, the escape of the chemical as a vapor, and the possible bioaccumulation. The quantitative relationships that have been developed are briefly described and the application indicated. This information when properly used enables one to predict the probable behavior of the compound in the environment, where it is likely to accumulate, and to deduce the proper methods for formulation, application and use so as to achieve the safest and most effective utilization (AU)
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Uso de Praguicidas , Substâncias Perigosas , Saúde AmbientalRESUMO
Since pesticide exposures are ubiquitous, their possible adverse health constitute a serious agromedical problem. The development of both acute and chronic illness as a result of pesticide exposure are health isues which are of serious for agriculture and health. This Chapter, in reviewing some of the literature on cancer epidemiology and pesticides describes the health effects which have been related to chronic exposure and reviews the research potential of different epidemiologic types of studies (AU)
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Uso de Praguicidas , Fatores EpidemiológicosRESUMO
This chapter presents an overview of the evolution, current scope and inter-relationships of pesticide resistance problems in both agriculture and public health and the associated toxicological and environmental implications. The problems illustrate the need to develop an agromedical approach to formulate successful pest management programs. Special comments are provided on the nature of operational problems and the necessity to incorporate rational use of pesticides with traditional methods of pest management which are ecologically and environmentally acceptable. A series of special recommendations are presented for consideration of officials who are responsible for developing integrated pest management programs for control of pest species of concern to agriculture and public health (AU)
Assuntos
Agricultura , Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Uso de Praguicidas , Saúde Pública , Saúde AmbientalRESUMO
Pesticide poisonings are under-reported in all parts of the world but are assuredly higher in the developing countries. Incomplete data suggests that the number of cases and deaths are higher than expected and have increased considerably with the introduction of the organophosphate and carbamate insecticides to the different areas of the Third World. This chapter reviews pesticide poisonings, a problem which is of equal concern to agriculture and public health and one which constitutes a major agromedical problem. Mechanisms of poisonings and potentially hazardous situations are discussed (AU)
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Uso de Praguicidas , Intoxicação , Saúde Pública , 52503RESUMO
This chapter discusses methods for the effective and safe application of pesticides. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of following the directions on pesticide labels as the foundations for prevention of human poisoning and contamination of the environment. Special comments are also given on selection of the proper chemical and formulation; use of properly designed equipment; and application of chemicals during desirable climatic conditions. Adoptions of correct procedures can markedly reduce the hazards from pesticides and ensure attainment of desired results from pesticides without disruption of other husbandry practices (AU)
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Uso de Praguicidas , Gestão de Riscos , Saúde AmbientalRESUMO
Most chemicals used as pesticides must be formulated to achieve the properties needed for application and to reduce the concentration to the point where the chemical may be used. Two principal categories of formulation are liquid and dry. In each catagory, there are a number of different types, such as oil concentrates, water soluble concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates among the liquids, and thus, wettable powders and granulars among the dry. Use of the correct formulation can result in a more effective pest control with less chemical and greater human and environmental safety (AU)
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Uso de Praguicidas , Saúde Ambiental , Controle Biológico de Vetores , PraguicidasRESUMO
Proper disposal of excess, or waste pesticides and pesticide containers is very important. Improper disposal can result in a hazard to humans and contamination of the environment. There are a number of practices that can be followed to provide safer disposal. For large facilities such as a manufacturer, incineration, wet oxidation or trickling filter degradation can be used. For smaller operations, adsorbent filters, chemical treatment, oxidation pounds and other treatments offer a possibility. For other than large industrial operations, such practices as adsorption on charcoal or resin and careful land disposal affords a practical means of disposal if properly practiced (AU)
Assuntos
Uso de Praguicidas , Meios de Transporte , Substâncias Perigosas , Gestão de Riscos , Transporte de ContaminantesRESUMO
In the flow of a pesticide through the channels of commerce from manufacture to use and disposal there are many instances where pollution can occur. Proper handling, good management and use of pollution control techniques can substantially reduce the pollution problem. Such techniques as vegetative borders, carbon filters and liquid extractors of simple design have proven both economic and effective (AU)
