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1.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 46(6): 599-606, nov.-dic. 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-177901

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Aeroallergens are airborne organic substances which are responsible for allergenic diseases in hypersensitive individuals. People are exposed to their allergens either directly or after their entrance into the interiors. The spatio-temporal pattern of aeroallergens and their relationship with weather variability in Abuja and Nassarawa, North-Central Nigeria was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aerosamples were trapped with modified Tauber-like pollen traps. Samples were collected monthly and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 min and subjected to acetolysis. Meteorological data were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Results and CONCLUSION: Aeroallergens concentration were unequivocally regulated by weather variables in both locations, indicating the possible use of aeroallergens especially pollen and spores as bio-indicators of weather variations and change. Aeroallergens encountered were fungal spores, pollen, diatom frustules, fern spores, algal cyst/cells in decreasing order of dominance. Among pollen group, Poaceae, Amarathaceae/Chenopodiaceae and Hymenocardia acida dominated. Spores of Smut species, Puccinia, Curvularia and Nigrospora were major contributors among aeromycoflora. Fungal spores morphotype dominated during the rainier months and were major contributors of the aeroallergen spectrum with those belonging to Deuteromycete preponderant. Aeroallergens which were previously identified as triggers of conjunctivitis, asthma, allergic sinusitis and bronchopulmonary allergic diseases were frequently present in both locations. Pollen prevailed more during the harmattan, influenced by northeast trade wind. Pollen component differed and was based on autochthonous source plants, indicating difference in sub-vegetational types


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Ar/análise , Asma/epidemiologia , Alérgenos/imunologia , Asma/imunologia , Material Particulado/imunologia , Pólen/imunologia , Esporos Fúngicos/imunologia , Alérgenos/química , Diatomáceas/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Material Particulado/química , Poaceae/imunologia , Pólen/química , Estações do Ano , Esporos Fúngicos/química , Ustilago/imunologia
2.
Rev. esp. med. legal ; 38(1): 17-27, ene.-mar. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-100446

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo realizamos una revisión de las pruebas biológicas complementarias para el estudio de sumersión, se exponen pruebas clásicas como son la detección de diatomeas, los criterios analíticos aplicables para su estudio y la interpretación de los resultados.En el campo de los marcadores bioquímicos-químicos de sumersión, se resalta la importancia del estudio del estroncio, especialmente en agua de mar, donde es posible no solo identificar una asfixia por sumersión, sino también diferenciar muertes con pequeñas aspiraciones de agua durante el período vital frente a muertes sin aspiración de agua.Otros marcadores son objeto de consideración, y de manera particular, el estudio de la expresión del canal de agua intrapulmonar aquaporin-5, o la detección de microplacton, mediante la utilización de técnicas moleculares, con proyección cada vez más destacada en el diagnóstico de sumersión.Se recogen las recientes aportaciones diagnósticas del análisis bacteriológico de la sangre, o el estudio del surfactante pulmonar como marcadores complementarios(AU)


The complementary biological tests for drowning death studies are reviewed in present work. The report reviews the scientific research described in literature over the last four decades, where the classic analyses, such as diatoms are described as well as the analytical criteria and their interpretation.As regards the biochemical markers of drowning, it highlights the importance of strontium, especially in salt water drowning cases. It is possible identify a drowning-suffocation death, and even to differentiate those deaths into the water associated with small amounts of water inhalation from deaths without water inhalation.Other markers are also considered, specifically the study of aquaporin-5, or the detection of micro-plankton using biomolecular techniques.Finally, the work looks at the latest diagnostic contributions of bacteriological blood analysis or the study of lung surfactant as complementary markers(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Patologia Legal/ética , Patologia Legal/legislação & jurisprudência , Patologia Legal/métodos , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos/tendências , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Diatomáceas/isolamento & purificação , 24959/métodos , Asfixia/mortalidade , Biomarcadores/análise , Medicina Legal/métodos , Medicina Legal/tendências , Estrôncio/análise
3.
Cuad. med. forense ; 13(48/49): 99-130, abr.-jun. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058406

RESUMO

La recuperación de un cadáver del agua plantea siempre múltiples y variadas cuestiones a las que no es posible encontrar respuesta adecuada en algunas ocasiones; y ello a pesar de la riqueza de signos que suelen ofrecer los cuadros de asfixia por sumersión. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión crítica y actualización de las muertes por sumersión a la vista de los recientes conocimientos sobre las alteraciones fisiopatológicas inducidas por estos cuadros, poniendo especial interés en los casos de cuerpos recuperados del agua con “pulmones secos”. Los hallazgos necrópsicos son objeto de revisión, así como los estudios histopatológicos e histoenzimáticos. Se realiza, asimismo, una amplia revisión de los exámenes complementarios de tipo biológico y tanatoquímico, incidiendo de manera particular sobre el estudio de los componentes químicos (estroncio) y sobre el papel diagnóstico que puede representar el estudio de las diatomeas, con sus posibles causas de error. También se analizan las aportaciones diagnósticas que pueden realizar, en determinados casos, el estudio de los protozoos ciliados, las algas verdes o el análisis bacteriológico de la sangre. Otros marcadores son objeto de consideración, y de manera particular, el estudio del surfactante pulmonar que está abriendo nuevas vías de diagnóstico en los cuadros de sumersión. Se formulan, finalmente, algunas consideraciones en torno a los diferentes procedimientos propuestos para el establecimiento de la data de la muerte


The recovery of a corpse from the water raises always multiple and varied questions, to which it is not possible to find an adequate answer in some occasions, in spite of the richness of signs that use to offer the cases of asphyxia by drowning. In this paper, a critical review and update of deaths by drowning is presented, taking into account the recent knowledge on the physiopathological alterations induced by these pictures, with special interest to the cases of bodies recovered of the water with "dry lungs ". The postmortem findings are reviewed, as well as the histopathological and histoenzymatic studies. A wide review of the ancillary examinations from biology to tanatochemistry is also performed, stressing particularly the study of the chemical components (Strontium) and the diagnostic role that can represent the study of diatoms, with their possible causes of error. The diagnostic contributions that can made, in certain cases, the study of the ciliated protozoa, the green algae or the bacteriological analysis of blood are also analyzed. Other markers are object of consideration, specifically the study of the pulmonary surfactant that is opening new diagnostic ways in drowning cases. Finally, some considerations concerning the different procedures proposed for the establishment of the time of death are formulated


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Antropologia Forense/métodos , Cadáver , Medicina Legal/métodos , Asfixia/mortalidade , Morte , Afogamento/mortalidade , Afogamento Iminente/patologia , Diatomáceas/microbiologia , Diatomáceas/ultraestrutura , Insuficiência Respiratória/mortalidade , Sistema Respiratório/patologia
4.
Int. microbiol ; 9(1): 29-36, mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-044837

RESUMO

The diatom Cyclotella cryptica was grown under low- and high-intensity white light of 50 and 500 µmol photons m–2 s–1, respectively. Western immunoblotting showed that the diatom adapted its light-harvesting apparatus, giving rise to different amounts of distinct fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding polypeptides (Fcp). The amount of Fcp2 was approximately two-fold higher under low-light than under high-light conditions, whereas the amount of Fcp6 increased four- to five-fold under high-light conditions. For Fcp4, no significant differences were detected in response to either light regime. Cells of Cyclotella grown under high- and low-light intensity were subjected to immunoelectron microscopy. Quantification of the gold label, expressed as gold particles per µm2, confirmed the results obtained by Western immunoblotting. Exposure to low light resulted in the detection of approximately six times more Fcp2-bound gold particles per µm2 in thylakoid membranes, whereas in cells grown under high light the number of Fcp6-bound gold particles increased ten-fold. For Fcp4, similar amounts of gold particles per µm2 were counted under the two light regimes. These immunocytochemical results confirmed molecular data derived from phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of genes encoding fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding polypeptides (fcp genes) and from measurements of steady-state fcp mRNA concentrations. The results show that Fcp2 and Fcp6 accumulate under low- and high-light intensity, respectively, whereas Fcp4 seems to be constitutively synthesized (AU)


La diatomea Cyclotella cryptica se cultivó a intensidades de luz blanca baja y alta (50 y 500 fotones m–2 s–1 µmol, respectivamente). La inmunotransferencia mostró que la diatomea adaptó su aparato captador de luz, produciendo cantidades diferentes de polipéptidos de unión a la fucoxantina clorofila a/c (Fcp). A intensidad baja de luz, la cantidad de Fcp2 era aproximadamente el doble que a intensidad elevada, mientras que a intensidad elevada la cantidad de Fcp6 era de cuatro a cinco veces la cantidad producida a baja intensidad. No se detectaron diferencias significativas para Fcp4 como respuesta a ninguno de los dos tipos de luz. Las células de Cyclotella cultivadas a intensidades alta y baja de luz se observaron por microscopia immunoelectrónica. La cuantificación del marcado de oro, expresada como partículas de oro por µm2 confirmó los resultados obtenidos por inmunotransferencia. Tras la exposición a luz de baja intensidad se detectaron aproximadamente seis veces más partículas oro unidas a Fcp2 por µm2 en las membranas de los tilacoides, mientras que en las células cultivadas a intensidad elevada, el número de partícula de oro unidas a Fcp6 aumentó diez veces. Para Fcp4, se contaron cantidades similares de partículas oro por µm2 en los dos regímenes de luz. Estos resultados immunocitoquímicos confirmaron los datos moleculares derivados de los análisis filogenéticos de las secuencias de los genes que codifican los polipéptidos de unión de la fucoxantina clorofila a/c (genes fcp) y de la medida de las concentraciones de mRNA fcp en el estado estacionario. Los resultados demuestran que Fcp2 y Fcp6 se acumulan, respectivamente, a intensidades de luz alta y baja, mientras que Fcp4 parece sintetizado de manera constitutiva (AU)


Assuntos
Peptídeos/análise , Diatomáceas/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica/métodos , Complexos de Proteínas Captadores de Luz/ultraestrutura , Clorofila/biossíntese , Fotossíntese , Complexo de Proteínas do Centro de Reação Fotossintética/ultraestrutura
5.
Int. microbiol ; 7(2): 127-131, jun. 2004. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-98754

RESUMO

The steady-state mRNA concentrations of two fcp genes encoding fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c light-harvesting polypeptides of the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica were investigated over a 4-day period by RNA dot-blotting experiments. Before and during the first day of the experiment, the cultures were grown under a 12-h light/12-h dark regime. On the following 3 days, the algae were kept in darkness. On the first day, the steady-state mRNA concentration of fcp2 followed a diurnal pattern, with a maximum occurring around noon, approximately 6h after the onset of light. The gene fcp6 also had a diurnal pattern on the first day. Its maximum, however, occurred immediately after the onset of light. During the subsequent incubation period in darkness, the diurnal pattern of expression of both fcp genes continued, thus demonstrating that their steady-state mRNA concentrations oscillated in a circadian manner (AU)


A lo largo de períodos de cuatro días, se estudiaron las concentraciones de mRNA en el estado estacionario correspondientes a dos genes fcp que codifican los polipéptidos captadores de luz de las clorofilas a y c y de la fucoxantina de la diatomea céntrica Cyclotella cryptica. Se hicieron experimentos de hibridación puntual de RNA. Antes del experimento y durante el primer día del mismo, el cultivo se realizó en régimen de alternancia luz-oscuridad de 12 horas y los tres días siguientes las algas se mantuvieron en la oscuridad. El primer día, la concentración de mRNA del gen fcp2 en el estado estacionario seguía un modelo diurno, con un máximo alrededor del mediodía, unas seis horas después de iniciarse la fase iluminada. El gen fcp6también siguió un modelo diurno el primer día, si bien alcanzaba el valor máximo justo al principio de la fase iluminada. Durante el período subsiguiente de incubación en la oscuridad se mantuvo el modelo diurno de ambos genes, lo que demuestra que sus concentraciones de mRNA en el estado estacionario oscilaban de manera circadiana (AU)


Assuntos
Diatomáceas/genética , Ritmo Circadiano , Clorofila/análise , RNA de Algas/análise , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , RNA Mensageiro/análise
6.
Int. microbiol ; 7(1): 19-25, mar. 2004. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-33213

RESUMO

Microbial mats arising in the sand flats of the Ebro Delta (Tarragona, Spain) were investigated during the summer season, when the community was highly developed. These mats are composed of three pigmented layers of phototrophic organisms, an upper brown layer mainly composed of Lyngbya aestuarii and diatoms, an intermediate green layer of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes, and an underlying pink layer of a so-far unidentified purple sulfur bacterium. In the photic zone, oxygenic phototrophs constitute about 58% of total photosynthetic biomass, measured as biovolume, and anoxygenic phototrophs represent 42%. Diatoms constitute 11.8% of the oxygenic biomass, M. chthonoplastes 61.2%, and L. aestuarii and coccoid cyanobacteria 20.6 and 6.4%, respectively. In this laminated community, organic matter has an autochthonous origin, and photosynthesis is the most important source of organic carbon. Oxygen production reaches up to 27.2 mmol O(2) m(-2) h(-1), measured at 1000 microE m(-2) s(-1) light intensity, whereas oxidation of sulfide in the light has been calculated to be 18.6 mmol S m(-2) h(-1). This amount represents 26% of the total photosynthetic production in terms of photoassimilated carbon, demonstrating the important role of anoxygenic phototrophs as primary producers in the pink layer of Ebro Delta microbial mats (AU)


Los tapetes microbianos que se establecen en los sedimentos litorales del delta del Ebro (Tarragona, España) fueron investigados durante el verano, cuando la comunidad estaba muy desarrollada. Dichos tapetes se componen de tres capas pigmentadas, con diferentes organismos fotótrofos. La capa superior es de color marrón y está compuesta principalmente por Lyngbya aestuarii y diatomeas. Debajo de ésta, se observa una capa intermedia de color verde, donde predomina la cianobacteria Microcoleus chthonoplastes. Finalmente, por debajo de las dos anteriores se ve una lámina rosa, en la que el organismo fototrófico dominante es una nueva bacteria roja del azufre no identificada hasta este momento. En la zona fótica, los organismos fototróficos oxigénicos representan un 58 por ciento de la biomasa fotosintética total, medida ésta como biovolumen; el 48 por ciento restante corresponde a los organismos fotótrofos anoxigénicos. En relación a la biomasa oxigénica, las diatomeas constituyen un 11,8 por ciento del total, mientras que M. chthonoplastes, L. aestuarii y las cianobacterias cocoides representan un 61,2 por ciento, un 20,6 por ciento y un 6,4 por ciento, respectivamente. En esta comunidad multilaminada, la materia orgánica es de origen autóctono y la fotosíntesis es la principal fuente de carbono orgánico. La producción de oxígeno alcanza los 27,2 mmol O2 m-2 h-1 medida a una intensidad de luz de 1000 µE m-2 s-1. Mientras que la oxidación de sulfuro a la luz es de 18,6 mmoles S m-2 h-1. Esta última cantidad representa un 26 por ciento de la producción fotosintética total, expresada como C fotoasimilado, lo cual pone de manifiesto el papel destacado de las bacterias fototrofas anoxigénicas como productores primarios en la capa roja de los ecosistemas estudiados (AU)


Assuntos
Biomassa , Microbiologia da Água , Cianobactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bacterioclorofila A , Luz , Oxirredução , Espanha , Sulfetos , Diatomáceas , Pigmentos Biológicos
7.
Int. microbiol ; 6(1): 33-39, mar. 2003. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-32705

RESUMO

A method was established to investigate the steady state levels of mRNAs from genes encoding fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (Fcp) of diatoms in situ. During the study, which was performed with Wadden Sea sediments from the German North Sea shore near Dangast, oxygenic photosynthesis was carried out mainly by pennate diatoms. Field samples were taken after tidal exposure from dawn up to late afternoon at 2-hourly intervals, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. In the laboratory, total RNA was isolated by isopycnic ultracentrifugation in caesium chloride gradients. Yields of approximately 10-300 micro g RNA per gram wet sediment were obtained. Defined amounts of total RNA were blotted onto nylon membranes and hybridised with probes against the fcp2 and 18S rDNA genes of Cyclotella cryptica. To estimate the steady state amount of fcp mRNAs, fcp signal intensities were normalized to the signal intensities obtained from hybridisation to an 18S rDNA gene probe. In the two time-course studies performed to demonstrate the applicability of the method, the steady state levels of fcp mRNA increased up to 12-fold with the onset of light, reaching a maximum 6-8 h after sunrise before they decreased again. Possible reasons for this time-course are discussed (AU)


Se estableció un método para investigar in situ los niveles de estado sostenido de mRNAs de genes que codifican proteínas de unión a las clorofilas fucoxantinas a/c en diatomeas. Durante el estudio, llevado a cabo con sedimentos del mar de Wadden, en la costa norte alemana cerca de Dangast, la fotosíntesis oxigénica era llevada a cabo principalmente por diatomeas penadas. Las muestras se tomaron después de la marea alta, entre el amanecer y última hora de la tarde a intervalos de dos horas, y fueron congeladas en nitrógeno líquido. Una vez en el laboratorio, se aisló el RNA total por ultracentrifugación en un gradiente isopícnico de cloruro de cesio. Se obtuvieron entre 10-300 µg de RNA por gramo de sedimento húmedo. Cantidades definidas de RNA fueron transferidas a membranas de nylon y hibridadas con sondas que reconocen los genes fcp2 y rDNA 18S de Cyclotella cryptica. Para estimar la cantidad de estado sostenido de mRNAs de fcp, se normalizaron las intensidades de la señal de fcp según las intensidades de señal obtenidas en experimentos de hibridación en que se utilizó la sonda del gen rDNA 18S. En los dos estudios temporales, que se llevaron a cabo para demostrar la aplicabilidad del método, los niveles de estado sostenido de mRNA de fcp se multiplicaron hasta por 12 con el inicio de la fase de luz. Los niveles alcanzaron máximos entre 6 y 8 horas después del alba, antes de descender de nuevo. Se discuten posibles causas de esta evolución temporal. (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Complexos de Proteínas Captadores de Luz , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Diatomáceas/genética , Complexo de Proteínas do Centro de Reação Fotossintética , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Água do Mar/microbiologia , Temperatura , DNA de Protozoário , Sedimentos Geológicos , Alemanha , Mar do Norte , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Int. microbiol ; 4(1): 27-33, mar. 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-23232

RESUMO

The centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica and two strains of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were grown under low and high light intensities (300 lux and 3,000 lux) over 4-6 weeks. Growth was monitored by repetitive cell count. The culture media were replaced weekly to avoid morphological and biochemical alterations caused by nutrient depletion. The ultrastructure of the cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Alterations in the light-harvesting antenna systems were investigated by Western immunoblotting. Both diatoms reduced the plastid area, i.e. decreased the amount of thylakoid lamellae, under high light intensity. The thylakoids still ran in groups of three with parallel orientation within the chloroplasts. The girdle band lamellae were not affected. The amounts of storage compounds and vacuoles increased. SDS-PAGE of total cell protein followed by Western immunoblotting with antisera directed against subunits of the light-harvesting antenna systems of C. cryptica (cc-antiserum) and the cryptophyte Cryptomonas maculata (cmac-antiserum) revealed that both diatoms reduced the amount of antenna polypeptides under increased light intensity. The cc-antiserum immunodecorated two bands with relative molecular masses (Mr) of 18,000 and 22,000 in C. cryptica. Both decreased under high light conditions to 67.2 +/- 6.1%. Five to seven bands in the Mr range of 14,000-27,000 were recognized in P. tricornutum. They decreased to 83 +/- 5.3%. Furthermore, the immunolabeling pattern for both strains differed under the two light regimes. The cmac-antiserum immunodecorated two polypeptides with Mr of 24,000 and 23,000 in C. cryptica, while both strains of P. tricornutum had five polypeptides in the Mr range of 14,000-24,000 that showed some differences in staining intensities between the two strains and in response to the light intensity applied (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Luz , Diatomáceas/efeitos da radiação , Fotossíntese/efeitos da radiação , Cloroplastos/efeitos da radiação , Diatomáceas/ultraestrutura , Cloroplastos/ultraestrutura
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