Gingival neoplasms: a multicenter collaborative study of 888 patients in Brazil

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and clinicopathological features of a large series of gingival neoplasms in Brazil. Material and methods: All gingival benign and malignant neoplasms were retrieved from the records of six Oral Pathology Services in Brazil, during a 41-year period. Clinical and demographic data, clinical diagnosis, and histopathological data were collected from the patients' clinical charts. For statistical analysis, the chi-square, median test of independent samples and the U Mann-Whitney tests were used, considering a significance of 5%. Results: From 100,026 oral lesions, 888 (0.9%) were gingival neoplasms. There were 496 (55.9%) males, with a mean age of 54.2 years. Most cases (70.3%) were malignant neoplasms. Nodules (46.2%) and ulcers (38.9%) were the most common clinical appearance for benign and malignant neoplasms, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma (55.6%) was the most common gingival neoplasm, followed by squamous cell papilloma (19.6%). In 69 (11.1%) malignant neoplasms, the lesions were clinically considered to be inflammatory or of infectious origin. Malignant neoplasms were more common in older men, appeared with larger size, and with a time of complaint shorter than benign neoplasms (p<0.001). Conclusions: Benign and malignant tumors may appear as nodules in gingival tissue. In addition, malignant neoplasms, especially squamous cell carcinoma, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent single gingival ulcers. (AU)

Challenging management of gingival squamous cell carcinoma: a 10 years single-center retrospective study on Northern-Italian patients

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to describe the outcome of patients with gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC), and to recognize aspects affecting clinical course and to consider survival rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The case records of patients, over a 10-year period, were retrospectively examined. Differences in distribution of the potential risk factors by prognosis were investigated through non-parametrical tests (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum and Fisher's Exact). Survival curves for age, therapy and stage were built by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with Log-Rank test. RESULTS: 79 patients were analysed. Significant increase in mortality for patients older than 77 and for those with advanced stages was found. Cumulative survival rate 5 years after the diagnosis was 43%, while at 10 years was of 11%. CONCLUSIONS: With a statistical relationship between age and tumour stage with survival rates, and 70% of GSCC cases identified as stage IV, early GSCC diagnosis remains challenging

No disponible

Adyuvancia en tratamiento quirúrgico de fibroma osificante. A propósito de un caso / Adjuvance in surgical treatment of ossifying fibroma. Case report

El fibroma osificante es una neoplasia osteogénica benigna que representa el 3.1% de los tumores orales y el 9.6% de las lesiones gingivales. Su tratamiento de elección es la enucleación por curetaje completado hasta márgenes de hueso sano, con una recurrencia de aproximadamente el 7-20% probablemente por remoción incompleta, irritación continua o daño repetido. Presentamos un caso clínico en el que complementamos el tratamiento quirúrgico con métodos adyuvantes para disminuir la recurrencia y acelerar la regeneración ósea mediante uso de nitrógeno líquido y hueso liofilizado cadavérico combinados con plasma rico en plaquetas. En el control postoperatorio a los 6 meses no evidenciamos recurrencia clínica o radiológica y comprobamos regeneración ósea acelerada. Sugerimos el uso en este tipo de lesiones de nitrógeno líquido como adyuvante para la prevención de recurrencia, hueso liofilizado para favorecer la regeneración ósea guiada y plasma rico en plaquetas para acelerar el proceso de curación ósea

Ossifying fibroma is a benign osteogenic neoplasm, representing 3.1% of oral tumors and 9.6% of gingival lesions. Enucleation by curettage is the treatment of choice, completed to healthy bone margins, with a recurrence of approximately 7-20%, probably due to incomplete removal, continued irritation or repeated damage. We describe a clinical case ttreated in combination with adjuvant methods to decrease recurrence and accelerate bone regeneration, with the placement of liquid nitrogen and cadaveric lyophilized bone, combined with platelet-rich plasma. Post-operative control at 6 months showed no clinical or radiological evidence of recurrence and the presence of accelerated bone regeneration. We suggest liquid nitrogen as an adjuvant for the prevention of recurrence and bone regeneration guided with lyophilized bone in conjunction with platelet-rich plasma as a feasible option to accelerate the bone healing process

Oral peripheral ameloblastoma: A retrospective series study of 25 cases

BACKGROUND: Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) is a rare and unusual variant of odontogenic tumor, which was described only in isolated case reports in literature. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical profile, treatment and outcome of PA in a consecutive case series. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 25 patients with histologically confirmed PA from 2001 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed in our institution. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients, 22 males and 3 females were identified (male: female = 7.3:1). The average age was 48.3 years (range 11-81 years) with lingual or palate gingival region being the most common site (76%). The course of disease was less than 6 months in 92.0% (23/25) of all patients (mean, 3.3 months; range, 1-12 months). All patients underwent complete surgical removal of the lesions, and one lesion recurrence occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical profile and outcome of PA from Eastern China were elucidated in this retrospective analysis based on a case series. Our experience may provide some insights into the differential diagnosis and clinical management of PA. The first choice of treatment is surgical excision, which can result in a good prognosis

¿Cuál es su diagnóstico? / What is your diagnosis?

No disponible

Épulis del recién nacido / Newborn epulis

Niña de siete días de edad, cuya madre refiere que "nació con un bulto en la boca". Durante la lactancia materna perdía leche por el labio superior en poca cantidad. En la inspección clínica se encontraron tres lóbulos (uno palatino y dos vestibulares) en el rodete maxilar superior del lado izquierdo. Diagnóstico presuntivo: épulis congénito del recién nacido. Después de 27 días del diagnóstico regresó a consulta. No presentaba a la inspección el lóbulo palatino. Se realizó cirugía convencional para el caso, extirpando de manera total la tumoración. Se envió la pieza quirúrgica a patología resultando como diagnóstico definitivo: épulis congénito del recién nacido (AU)

A seven-day-old girl whose mother says she was "born with a lump in her mouth". During breastfeeding some milk came out from her upper lip in small quantities. At the clinical examination, three lobes (one palatine and two vestibular) were found in the left maxilla. Suspected diagnosis: congenital epulis of the newborn. After 27 days, when she returned to consultation, it was observed that the palatine lobule had disappeared spontaneously. Conventional surgery was performed for the case, removing the tumor completely. The surgical part was sent to pathology resulting in definitive diagnosis: congenital epulis of the newborn (AU)

Describing the gingival involvement in a sample of 182 Italian predominantly oral mucous membrane pemphigoid patients: A retrospective series

BACKGROUND: The oral cavity has been frequently described as the only site of involvement or as the first manifestation of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), being the gingival tissues often involved, but usually this has been effusively detailed in limited case series. This is a retrospective evaluation of the gingival involvement in 182 Italian patients with oral MMP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The diagnosis of MMP was established by both clinical morphology and direct immunofluorescence finding. Patient information (age, gender, risk factors and medical status) and parameters of manifestation (lesions' distribution, site and type) were detailed. RESULTS: The mean age was 62 years for women (n = 137) and 67 years for men (n = 45). Patients had several sites of oral involvement; the gingiva was the most common one, affecting 151 patients (82.96%; 119 f - 32 m). Female subjects had more possibilities to develop gingival lesions than male patients (P = 0.005). Sixty-five patients (35.7%; 58 f - 7 m) had pure gingival involvement. Patients with lower gingival involvement statistically had more complaints (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: This report is one of the largest about predominantly oral MMP cases, detailing the very frequent gingival involvement; this could be crucial not only for oral medicine specialists but also for primary dental healthcare personnel and for periodontists

Épulis congénito gigante / Giant congenital épulis

No disponible

Lesión polipoide en la encía / Polypoid Lesion of the Gum

No disponible

HIV positive male with an excrescent oral mass / Un varón con infección por VIH presenta una masa excrecente intra-oral

No disponible

Presencia de micronúcleos en células epiteliales de encías, como marcador de inestabilidad cromosomal. Revisión sistemática / Presence of micronuclei in oral epithelium cells, as marker of chromosomal instability. Systematic review

Introducción. El daño genético es probablemente la causa más importante para el desarrollo de anomalías y enfermedades degenerativas pero son pocos los estudios que se centran en la medición y evaluación de los efectos genotóxicos de los productos que día a día van adquiriendo una mayor utilidad en la sociedad, las sustancias que hacen parte del ambiente, procedimientos médicos como radiación y agentes químicos, deficiencia de nutrientes como el ácido fólico, hábitos como alcoholismo, tabaquismo, drogadicción, stress, estilos de vida, al igual que factores genéticos tales como alteraciones en el metabolismo y/o reparación del DNA. Objetivo. Conducir un análisis crítico sobre el ensayo de micronúcleos como medida de inestabilidad genética, su aplicabilidad desde la odontología y su relación con el desarrollo del cáncer. Materiales y métodos. Se identificaron los artículos más relevantes mediante una búsqueda sistemática enbases de datos electrónicas como Ovid, Ebsco Host, Science Direct y Pubmed. Resultados. Se obtuvo un total de 282872 artículos de los cuales se seleccionaron los que cumplieron con los requisitos de inclusión y fueron posteriormente analizados y discutidos teniendo en cuenta título, autores, revista, año, volumen, mes y páginas. Conclusión. Los resultados del análisis de la revisión de la literatura apoyan la hipótesis que relaciona la frecuencia de micronúcleos con el desarrollo de cáncer partiendo del hecho que una proporción sustancial dela inestabilidad genética de las células cancerosas se debe a defectos estructurales específicos en la segregación cromosómica (AU)

Introduction. Damage of the genome is probably the most important cause of the development of anomalies and degenerative diseases but just few studies focus on measurement and evaluation of the genotoxic effects of products that every day are becoming more useful in our society, substances that are part of the environment, medical procedures such as radiation and chemical agents, nutrients deficiency like folic acid, habits as alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction, stress, lifestyle and genetic factors such as changes in metabolism and/or DNA repair. Objective. To guide a critical analysis of the micronucleus test as a measure of genetic instability, its applicability from dentistry and its relationship with cancer development. Materials and methods. The most relevant papers were identifies through a systematic search on electronic databases such as Ovid, Ebsco Host, Science Direct and PubMed. Results. A total of 282872 articles were obtained of which were selected which fulfilled the criteria inclusion and were subsequently analyzed and discussed taking into account title, author, journal, year, volume, month and page. Conclusion. The results of this analysis of the literature review support the hypothesis that frequency of micronucleus is related to cancer development based on the fact that a substantial proportion of genetic instability of cancer cells is due to specific structural defects in chromosome segregation (AU)

Clinical and histological features of gingival lesions: A 17-year retrospective analysis in a northern Italian population

Objectives: Only few studies on gingival lesions considered large enough populations and contemporary literature does not provide a valid report regarding the epidemiology of gingival lesions within the Italian population. The histopathological and clinical appearance of 538 gingival lesions from northern Italians are described and discussed here.Study Design: The case records of patients referred for the diagnosis and management of gingival lesions, from October 1993 to October 2009, were reviewed. Data regarding the histological type of lesion were also obtained from the biopsy register for each case, and blindly re-examined.Results: We reported a greater frequency of benign lesions (reactive and/or inflammatory) in non-plaque/noncalculus induced gingival disorders. We confirmed an unambiguous prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma above all other malignant neoplasia, and a prevalence of neoplastic malignant lesions in the maxilla, with a slight increase in females and a drift of the incidence peak from the seventh to the eighth decade. There was a prevalence of precancerous gingival lesions in the maxilla, with a higher incidence in females and with a drift from the sixth to the seventh decade. We also reported a prevalence of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions as major manifestations of desquamative gingivitis.Conclusions: The high frequency of gingival involvement of such different diseases emphasizes the importance of histological characterization and differential diagnosis for periodontists, but more prospective studies are needed to better describe the true incidence of the non-plaque related gingival diseases (AU)

Fibroma osificante periférico: Presentación de tres casos y revisión de la literatura / Peripheral ossifying fibroma: Report of three cases and review of the literature

El fibroma osificante periférico (FOP) es una entidad benigna que se incluye en el grupo de las lesiones gingivales reactivas, denominadas con el término genérico de épulis, y se origina, según la teoría más aceptada, en las células del ligamento periodontal. Se manifiesta en forma de tumoración de consistencia firme, bien circunscrita, de color rosado o rojizo y está situada normalmente en la zona incisivo-canina del maxilar superior, siendo rara su aparición en crestas edéntulas. Aparece a cualquier edad, con una mayor incidencia entre la segunda y tercera décadas de la vida, con una ligera predilección por el sexo femenino. Es una lesión de partes blandas, que en ocasiones puede estar asociada a una ligera erosión superficial del hueso subyacente. Se han revisado 3 casos de FOP que afectaban a 2 hombres y 1 mujer de edades comprendidas entre los 39 y los 73 años, presentándose uno de ellos en una cresta alveolar edéntula. En dos casos se observaba radiográficamente una ligera erosión del hueso subyacente y el tercer caso presentaba puntos radio opacos difusos intralesionales. El tratamiento consistió en realizar la exéresis-biopsia de las lesiones, efectuándose dos casos mediante bisturífrío y uno con láser de CO2. Uno de los casos presentó tres episodios de recidiva en el seguimiento postoperatorio (AU)

The peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive gingival disorder known under the generic term of epulis and is widely considered to originate from the cells of the periodontal ligament. It manifests as a tumor of firm consistency, well circumscribed, pink or red and is usually located in the incisor-canine area of the maxilla, being uncommon occurrence in edentulous alveolar ridges. Appears without ages difference, with a higher incidence between the second and third decades of life, with a slight predilection for females. It is a soft tissue injury, which can sometimes be associated with a slight erosion of the underlying bone surface. We have reviewed 3 cases of POF involving 2 men and 1 woman aged between 39 and 73 years, presenting one of them in edentulous alveolar ridge. In two cases showed radiological slight erosion of the underlying bone and the third case showed diffuse intralesional radiopaque points. Treatment consisted on resection of the lesions and biopsy of them, two cases to be carried out by cold scalpel and a CO2 laser. One case presented three episodes of recurrence in the postoperative follow (AU)

Quiste nasolabial: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Nasolabial cyst: a case report and review of the literature

El quiste nasolabial es un raro quiste no odontogénico, su origen embriológico es poco claro. Son lesiones decrecimiento extraóseo, que se presentan como una tumefacción que eleva el ala nasal, indoloro, desplazable y fluctuante. Se localiza en la apófisis alveolar cercana a la base del ala de la nariz. El tratamiento consiste en la enucleación quirúrgica de la lesión. En este artículo se presenta un caso de quiste nasolabial, que acomete a una paciente de sexo femenino de 51 años de edad, de la cual se discuten los datos clínicos, aspectos diagnósticos, imagenológicos, histopatológicos, así como su tratamiento (AU)

The nasolabial cyst is a rare nonodontogenic cyst with its embryological origin little clear. They are extraosseous lesions with growth that appears like a swelling that lifts the nasal wing, painless, sliding and fluctuating. It is located in the alveolar apophysis near the base of the wing of the nose. The treatment consists of surgical enucleating of the lesion. This article presents a case of nasolabial cyst in a female patient of 46 years age, describing clinical, diagnostic, imaging, and histopathological aspects as well as the treatment employed (AU)

Escisión de un fibroma de células gigantes con láser de diodo: Informe de un caso / Excision of a giant cell fibroma with Diodo’s Laser: Report of case

Este artículo informa un caso de un fibroma gigantocelular localizado en tejido gingival y mucosa oral. Microscópicamente, la lesión se caracterizó por proliferación de fibras colágenas y fibroblastos gigantes, que se disponían en forma densa e irregular. Además, la superficie de la lesión estaba revestida por epitelio concambios de hiperqueratosis. Se realizó escisión del fibroma con láser de diodo (AU)

This article reports a case of giant cell fibroma located in the gingival tissue and oral mucosa. Microscopically, the lesion was characterized by proliferation of collagen fibres and giant fibroblast, irregular and densely arranged. Besides, the surface was covered by epithelium with hiperqueratosis changes. The excision was done with Diodo’s Laser (AU)

A retrospective analysis of gingival biopsied lesions in south indian population: 2001-2006

No disponible

Objective: The purpose of the study was to analyze the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in South Indian population.Study design: A retrospective study of 244 cases of gingival biopsies obtained over a period of 6 years from 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2006 in the Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College, Calicut wasdesigned. The lesions were classified into neoplastic lesions and nonneoplastic lesions. Data regarding the age and sex of subjects and the location and type of lesions were obtained from biopsy register for each case.Results: Nonneoplastic lesions accounted for 75.5% of cases with pyogenic granuloma being the most frequent.Neoplasms accounted for 24.5% of biopsies (18% benign, 6.5% malignant). The most frequent benign and malignantneoplasms were peripheral ossifying fibroma and squamous cell carcinoma respectively.Conclusion: This study indicates that there are some differences in the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in South Indian population. The data presented in this study can be used as a guide for additional multicenter studies in India

Congenital granular cell tumor (congenital epulis): A lesion of multidisciplinary interest

No disponible

Congenital granular cell tumor (CGCT), or congenital epulis, is an uncommon benign soft tissue lesion that usually arises from the alveolar mucosa of neonates and may cause respiratory and feeding problems. We report a case of a 3-day-old female newborn, who presented an intraoral tumor mass which was protruding from her mouth, compromising feeding. Under general anesthesia, the lesion was completely removed and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Clinical features and treatment approaches are presented and discussed, emphasizing the necessity of a multidisciplinaryapproach in such cases

Gingival neurofibroma in a neurofibromatosis type 1 patient. Case report

El neurofibroma es un tumor benigno, de los nervios periféricos, desarrollado a partir de la vaina neural. Representa uno de los tumores de origen neurógeno más frecuente y es uno de los criterios clínicos de diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF-I). La NF-I es una enfermedad genética producida por una alteración en el brazo largo del cromosoma 17. La mitad de los casos tienen antecedentes familiares y el 50% son mutaciones nuevas. Los pacientes con NF-I principalmente presentan lesiones en la piel (manchas “café con leche” y neurofibromas), así como malformaciones óseas y tumores del sistema nervioso central. El diagnóstico de la enfermedad se basa en una serie de criterios clínicos. La aparición de neurofibromas en la encía en pacientes con NF-I es poco común El tratamiento de los neurofibromas es la escisión quirúrgica. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso de NF-I con afectación neurofibromatosa de la encía maxilar, diagnosticado y tratado quirúrgicamente en nuestro Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y realizar una revisión de la literatura

Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour. It is one of the most frequent tumours of neural origin and its presence is one of the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-I). Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease due to an alteration in the long arm of chromosome 17. About 50% of NF-I patients have no family history of the disease. NF-I patients have skin lesions (café au lait spots and neurofibromas) as well as bone malformations and central nervous system tumours. Diagnosis is based on a series of clinical criteria. Gingival neurofibroma in NF-I is uncommon. Treatment of neurofibromas is surgical resection. The aim of this paper is to report a case of NF-I with gingival involvement and to review the literature

Oral leiomyoma in retromolar trigone. A case report

Los leiomiomas son tumores benignos originados en el músculo liso. Su localización más frecuente es el útero, el tracto gastro-intestinal y la piel. Se presenta habitualmente entre los 40 y 49 años de edad, siendo muy rara su aparición en la infancia y en la senectud. Son muy infrecuentes a nivel de la cavidad oral, pero cuando se dan en esa localización, asientan principalmente en la lengua, los labios o el paladar. Inicialmente suelen presentarse como una masa muy bien definida, de lento crecimiento y totalmente asintomática. En raras ocasiones producen dolor. Su tratamiento es casi siempre quirúrgico, siendo las recurrencias excepcionales. Dada su clínica inespecífica, su diagnóstico es principalmente histológico, observándose en las muestras una proliferación de células musculares lisas, sin focos de necrosis y con escasas mitosis. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente de 25 años de edad con un leiomioma en trígono retromolar derecho. Dada la escasa incidencia de este tipo de patología, la edad del paciente y su inusual ubicación, se justifica la presentación de este caso

Leiomyomas are bening tumours originated on smooth muscle. The most frequent site of appearance are uterine myometrium, gastrointestinal tract and skin. The highest incidence ocurs between 40 and 49 years of age. Its presentation is unusual in children or in older patients. Leiomyomas are unfrequent in the oral cavity, but in this location are usually localized on tongue, lips and palate. Leiomyomas use to appear as well-defined masses, with slow growth and totally asymptomatic. Pain is present just in rare cases. The treatment is surgical escision. Recurrences are extremely unfrequent. The diagnosis is mainly determined by histological studies due to its unspecific clinical appearance. Histopathologicaly proliferation of smooth muscle cells is observad without necrotic areas. A low number of mitotic figures can be seen. We present the case report of a 25-year old male patient, with a leiomioma on his right retromolar trigone.The low incidence of this pathology, the age of the patient and the inusual location, make the report of the case worthy