Examining athlete mental health and postoperative recurrence in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps: an analysis of clinical treatment strategie

Objective: This study aims to investigate the intersection of athlete mental health and postoperative recurrence in athletes patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps (CRSwNP), focusing on the analysis of clinical treatment strategies. Methods: A cohort of 400 athletes diagnosed with CRSwNP, who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery at our hospital between March 2021 and March 2022, was included in this investigation. Retrospective analysis of clinical treatment data was conducted. Athletes Patients were categorized into the recurrent group (n=136) and the non-recurrent group (n=264). Univariate analysis was applied to identify factors influencing postoperative recurrence among CRSwNP patients. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the independent risk factors. Based on these findings, clinical treatment strategies were devised to address athlete mental health and enhance patient outcomes. Results: The study revealed a postoperative recurrence rate of 34.0% in CRSwNP patients. Athletes Patients in the recurrent group exhibited a longer disease duration compared to their non-recurrent counterparts. Notably, the recurrent group displayed significantly higher proportions of eosinophil (EOS) infiltration in nasal polyps, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, peripheral blood EOS > 5.3%, and peripheral blood neutrophils (Neu) > 55.5% than the non-recurrent group (P<0.05). Conversely, the proportion of tissue lymphocytes < 30% was lower in the recurrent group. Furthermore, scores for anterior ethmoids (AE), posterior ethmoids (PE), ostiomeatal complex (OMC), and total scores in the recurrent group were significantly elevated compared to the non-recurrent group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). (AU)

Efficacy of various surgical methods in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: A network meta-analysis

Objective: We often use surgery to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) patients who have failed drug treatment, but there is currently no clear gold standard for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Using network meta-analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of different surgical methods in the treatment of AR. Methods: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, Wan Fang Data, and CNKI databases were searched to collect clinical randomized controlled trials of AR with different surgical methods that met the inclusion criteria. After two investigators independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, R software was used to evaluate inconsistency using the node splitting method, and Stata15.1 was used to estimate the ranking probability of treatment. Results: A total of 47 randomized control studies involving 17 surgical schemes and 4144 participants were included. The results showed that after excluding surgical methods that did not form a closed loop, in AR patients without chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps, surgical efficiency and symptom score ranked the same, which were posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN), Vidian neurectomy (VN), anterior ethmoid neurectomy (AEN), nasal septal reconstruction (NSR), and bilateral inferior turbinoplasty (BIT). In AR patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, the effective rate (OR = 5.06; 95% CI = 2.75–9.32) and symptom and sign scores (MD = -3.80; 95% CI = -6.50–1.09) of PNN + FESS (functional endoscopic sinusitis surgery) were higher than FESS, and there was a significant difference. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PNN is the best single operation for patients with AR and without chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps, and the combination of multiple procedures may be better than a single operation. FESS + PNN is more effectual in AR patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (AU)

Improvement in Smell Using Monoclonal Antibodies Among Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review

Background: Impairment of smell is more commonly related to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) than without, especially when asthma and/or NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease and type 2 inflammation are also present. Therapeutic options include intranasal and systemic corticosteroids, surgery, and, more recently, biological therapy. We summarize current knowledge on the effect of biologics on olfaction in patients with CRSwNP.Methods: We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases from January 2001 to June 2022. The inclusion criteria were as follows: adult patients with CRS treated with dupilumab, omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, or reslizumab; and studies published in English reporting outcomes for sense of smell based on psychophysical and/or subjective tools. We excluded reports that did not assess CRSwNP, loss of smell evaluated with a method other than those accepted in the inclusion criteria, review articles, and expert opinions. No funding was received.Results: Dupilumab has demonstrated rapid and sustained long-term improvement in smell in clinical trials and in real life. Omalizumab improves smell at 24 weeks. This improvement is maintained in the long-term, although it is not clinically relevant. Mepolizumab and benralizumab improved smell in the long term based on a subjective scale. No studies examining the improvement in smell in patients with CRSwNP treated with reslizumab were found. Indirect comparisons by meta-analysis consistently conclude that dupilumab is the most effective biologic for improving impaired sense of smell.Conclusion: Dupilumab seems to be more efficacious for improving the sense of smell than omalizumab, mepolizumab, and benralizumab. (AU)

Antecedentes: La pérdida de olfato de la rinosinusitis crónica se relaciona principalmente con el fenotipo que presenta poliposis nasal (RSCcPN), especialmente si asocia asma y/o EREA, e inflamación tipo 2. Los corticoides intranasales y sistémicos, la cirugía y, de forma más reciente, los fármacos biológicos, constituyen las principales estrategias terapéuticas. Este documento contiene una revisión sistemática del efecto de los fármacos biológicos en el olfato de pacientes con RSCcPN. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed y Cochrane desde enero de 2001 hasta junio de 2022. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: pacientes adultos con RSC tratados con dupilumab, omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab o reslizumab; estudios publicados en inglés, con datos sobre la mejoría del olfato utilizando test psicofísicos y/o subjetivos. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: publicaciones que no incluían pacientes con poliposis nasal, la pérdida del olfato evaluada con un método diferente de los criterios de inclusión mencionados, los artículos de revisión y la opinión de expertos. No se empleó ningún recurso de financiación. Resultados: Dupilumab ha demostrado una mejora del olfato rápida y mantenida a largo plazo en ensayos clínicos y en la práctica clínica habitual. Omalizumab mejora el olfato en la 24ª semana y lo mantiene a largo plazo, pero no alcanza una mejoría clínicamente relevante. Mepolizumab y benralizumab mejoran el olfato a largo plazo, evaluado mediante un test subjetivo. No se encontraron estudios respecto a la mejoría del olfato en pacientes con RSCcPN tratados con reslizumab. Las comparaciones indirectas mediante metaanálisis concluyen de forma consistente que dupilumab es el biológico más eficaz para mejorar el sentido del olfato. Conclusión: Dupilumab es el biológico más eficaz en la mejoría del olfato en RSCcPN, en comparación con omalizumab, mepolizumab y benralizumab. (AU)

Very Rapid Improvement in Extended Nitric Oxide Parameters Is Associated With Clinical and Functional Improvement in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Treated With Dupilumab

Background: Dupilumab, an anti–IL-4 receptor a monoclonal antibody, was recently approved for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and moderate-to-severe asthma. Onset of its clinical effects is rapid. CRSwNP is characterized by extended type 2 inflammatory involvement that can be assessed using extended nitric oxide analysis. Objectives: We investigated whether dupilumab was associated with a rapid improvement in extended nitric oxide parameters, lung function, and clinical outcomes in patients with CRSwNP. Methods: Consecutive patients with CRSwNP and an indication for dupilumab were evaluated for extended nitric oxide analysis (exhaled, FeNO; bronchial, JawNO; alveolar, CalvNO; nasal, nNO) and lung function 15 and 30 days after initiation of treatment and for clinical outcomes (nasal polyps score [NPS], quality of life questionnaires, visual analog scale [VAS] for the main symptoms, and the Asthma Control Test [ACT]) 30 days after initiation of treatment. Results: We enrolled 33 patients. All extended nitric oxide and lung function parameters improved significantly after 15 days of treatment, remaining stable at 30 days. Scores on the NPS, VAS for the main CRSwNP symptoms, quality of life questionnaires, and the ACT improved significantly 30 days after initiation of treatment. Conclusions: Dupilumab is associated with very rapid improvement in type 2 inflammation in all airway areas. This is associated with improved lung function and clinical parameters in patients with CRSwNP. (AU)

Antecedentes: El dupilumab, un anticuerpo monoclonal anti-IL-4 receptor alfa, ha sido aprobado recientemente para el tratamiento de la rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales (CRSwNP) y asma de moderada a grave, demostrando un inicio rápido de los efectos clínicos. La CRSwNP se caracteriza por un infiltrado extenso inflamatorio de tipo 2 que puede evaluarse mediante el análisis de óxido nítrico exhalado extendido. Objetivos: En este estudio, investigamos si dupilumab se asocia con una mejora rápida en los parámetros de óxido nítrico extendido, la función pulmonar y los resultados clínicos en pacientes con CRSwNP. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con CRSwNP e indicación para ser tratados con dupilumab y fueron evaluados mediante el análisis de óxido nítrico extendido (exhalado, FENO; bronquial, JawNO y alveolar, componentes CalvNO; nasal, nNO) y función pulmonar, 15 y 30 días después del inicio del tratamiento; y en el caso de las variables clínicas (puntuación del tamaño de los pólipos nasales [NPS]; cuestionarios de calidad de vida; escalas analógicas visuales [EVA] para los principales síntomas principales, prueba de control del asma [ACT]) solo después de 30 días de iniciado el tratamiento. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 pacientes. Todos los parámetros del análisis extendido del óxido nítrico y la función pulmonar mejoraron significativamente después de 15 días de tratamiento, permaneciendo estables a los 30 días de tratamiento. El NPS, las EVA para los principales síntomas de CRSwNP, el cuestionario de calidad de vida y el ACT mejoraron significativamente después de 30 días de inicio del tratamiento. Conclusiones: En pacientes con CRSwNP, el tratamiento con dupilumab se asocia con una mejoría muy rápida en la inflamación tipo 2 en todos los compartimentos de las vías respiratorias y esto se asocia con una mejor función pulmonar y los parámetros clínicos. (AU)

Revisión de la cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal en la era de los tratamientos biológicos en una cohorte de 388 pacientes / Review of endoscopic sinus surgery in the era of biologic treatments in a cohort of 388 patients

Introducción y objetivo: Estudiar retrospectivamente la tasa de revisión quirúrgica nasosinusal en un hospital de tercer nivel a fin de aplicar las mejores estrategias terapéuticas. Método: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de pacientes intervenidos entre 2016 y 2020. Los factores evaluados incluyeron datos epidemiológicos, quirúrgicos, radiológicos e histopatológicos. En los casos de recidiva de patología nasosinsual se realizó una tomografía computerizada siguiendo la clasificación de Lund-Mackay y el recuento de eosinófilos. Se estudió también la tasa de revisión quirúrgica. Resultados: Se realizaron 506 cirugías endoscópicas nasosinusales (CENS) en 388 pacientes en 5 años. El 78% eran rinosinusitis crónicas (RSC), de las cuales el 18 % requirió cirugía de revisión. El índice de revisión fue mayor en pacientes con RSC con pólipos y asma (34%) o enfermedades respiratorias exacerbadas por AAS-EREA (42%). La mayor tasa de recurrencia se objetivó en el complejo osteomeatal (73%). Los pacientes con recuento elevado de eosinófilos en tejido polipoideo presentaban una tasa de cirugía de revisión del 34,2% y una OR de 3,2 (IC95 % 1,2-8,2). La terapia biológica se administró en 7 pacientes con asma grave. Discusión y conclusiones: La tasa de cirugía de revisión por RSC fue del 18%. Las recurrencias son frecuentes en el complejo osteomeatal. Es importante considerar los factores específicos que influyen en la tasa de cirugía de revisión, tales como el recuento elevado de eosinófilos, a fin de aplicar el mejor tratamiento. (AU)

Introduction and objective: To retrospectively review the revision surgical rate in a cohort cohort of a tertiary level hospital to select better strategies for recurrent patients. Method: A retrospective review of patients operated between 2016 and 2020 was carried out. The factors evaluated included epidemiological, surgical, radiological and histopathological data. In recurrences, Lund-Mackay CT score and eosinophil count was performed. Surgical revision rate was investigated. Results: We performed 506 Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) on 388 patients for five years. Out of them, 78% were chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Globally, 18% required revision surgery, highest if they had CRS with polyps and asthma (34%), or aspirin-intolerance (42%). The highest rate of recurrence was on the osteometal complex (73%). Patients with elevate eosinophil count in nasal tissues present a revision surgical rate of 34.2% and an OR of 3.2 (IC95 % 1.2-8.2). Biologic therapy is administrated in 7 patients with severe asthma. Discussion and conclusions: The revision surgery rate for CRS was 18%. Recurrences are frequent in anterior meatal complex. It is important to consider patient-specific factors that affect revision surgery rates such as elevate eosinophil count to find better treatments for these worse patients. (AU)

Improvement in Olfaction in Patients With CRSwNP and Severe Asthma Taking Anti-IgE and Anti–IL-5 Biologics: A Real-Life Study

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), which is characterized by partial loss of smell (hyposmia) or total loss of smell (anosmia), is commonly associated with asthma and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug–exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). CRSwNP worsens disease severity and quality of life. Objectives: The objective of this real-world study was to determine whether biological treatments prescribed for severe asthma can improve olfaction in patients with CRSwNP. A further objective was to compare the improvement in in olfaction in N-ERD and non–N-ERD subgroups.Methods: We performed a multicenter, noninterventional, retrospective, observational study of 206 patients with severe asthma and CRSwNP undergoing biological treatment (omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, or reslizumab). Results: Olfaction improved after treatment with all 4 monoclonal antibodies (omalizumab [35.8%], mepolizumab [35.4%], reslizumab [35.7%], and benralizumab [39.1%]), with no differences between the groups. Olfaction was more likely to improve in patients with atopy, more frequent use of short-course systemic corticosteroids, and larger polyp size. The proportion of patients whose olfaction improved was similar between the N-ERD (37%) and non–N-ERD (35.7%) groups. Conclusions: This is the first real-world study to compare improvement in olfaction among patients undergoing long-term treatment with omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, or benralizumab for severe asthma and associated CRSwNP. Approximately 4 out of 10 patients reported a subjective improvement in olfaction (with nonsignificant differences between biologic drugs). No differences were found for improved olfaction between the N-ERD and non–N-ERD groups (AU)

La rinosinusitis crónica con poliposis nasal (PN), caracterizada por la pérdida parcial o completa del olfato (hiposmia o anosmia, respectivamente), se asocia frecuentemente a asma y a enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada por ácido acetilsalicílico (EREA), lo cual implica una mayor gravedad y un deterioro adicional de la calidad de vida del paciente. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar, en condiciones de vida real, si los tratamientos biológicos prescritos para asma grave mejoraban el olfato en aquellos pacientes que asociaban PN. Como objetivo secundario, se comparó la mejoría del olfato entre los subgrupos EREA y no EREA. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio multicéntrico, observacional, retrospectivo, que incluyó 206 pacientes con PN y asma grave en tratamiento con algún biológico (omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab oreslizumab). Resultados: Se encontró mejoría del olfato con todos los biológicos: omalizumab (35,8%), mepolizumab (35,4%), reslizumab (35,7%) y benralizumab (39,1%), sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos. Los pacientes con atopia, mayor uso de corticoides sistémicos y mayor tamaño de PN inicial, presentaron mayor mejoría. La proporción de pacientes que presentaron mejoría en el olfato fue similar entre el grupo EREA (37%) y no EREA (35,7%). Conclusiones: Se trata del primer estudio que compara, en condiciones de vida real, la mejoría del olfato en pacientes en tratamiento con omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab o benralizumab indicados por asma grave que asociaban PN. Aproximadamente, 4 de cada 10 pacientes refirió mejoría subjetiva en el olfato (sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los distintos biológicos). No se encontraron diferencias entre el grupo EREA y no EREA (AU)

Spanish Consensus on the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (POLIposis NAsal/POLINA 2.0)

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a highly prevalent and burdensome disease for both individuals and health systems. Its management involves many specialties, including otorhinolaryngology, allergology, pulmonology, primary care, pharmacy, and pediatrics. A multidisciplinary approach and the participation of the patient in decision-making are essential, both for diagnosis and for therapy. The authors of the consensus aim to translate current knowledge into an easy-to-read practical guide and emphasize those aspects requiring further discussion or with unmet needs owing to the lack of appropriate scientific evidence. An iterative approach for the development of an evidence-based systematic review with recommendations was followed using a standard quality assessment approach (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN] and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE]). The guideline was critically evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) and Recommendation Excellence (AGREE REX) instruments. Consequently, POLINA has been considered a high-quality guideline by an independent agency. The POLINA consensus provides new definitions of control, therapeutic management (including surgery and evaluation of severity), indications for use of biologics, and response. Finally, this guideline focuses on unmet research needs in CRSwNP (AU)

La rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales (RSCcPN) es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia y onerosa para las personas y los sistemas de salud cuyo manejo involucra a muchas especialidades: otorrinolaringología, alergología, neumología, atención primaria, farmacia y pediatría. El abordaje multidisciplinar y la participación del paciente en la toma de decisiones son fundamentales, tanto para el diagnóstico como para la estrategia terapéutica. Los autores del consenso pretenden traducir los conocimientos actuales en una guía práctica de fácil lectura y enfatizar aquellos aspectos en los que todavía hay discusión o necesidades no cubiertas por falta de evidencia científica adecuada. Se utilizó un enfoque iterativo para el desarrollo de una revisión sistemática basada en evidencia con recomendaciones, utilizando un esquema de evaluación de calidad estándar (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network -SIGN- y National Institute for Health and Care Excellence -NICE-), y una evaluación crítica de la directriz se ha llevado a cabo a través del instrumento Evaluación de Directrices para la Investigación y Evaluación (AGREE II) y Recomendación de Excelencia (AGREE REX). Con base en lo anterior, la guía POLINA ha sido considerada una guía de buena calidad por una agencia independiente El consenso POLINA aporta nuevos esquemas para la definición de control, manejo terapéutico incluyendo evaluación de gravedad, indicaciones de la cirugía y del uso de biológicos, y la respuesta al tratamiento. Finalmente, esta guía se enfoca en las necesidades de investigación insatisfechas en la RSCcPN (AU)

Analysis of response of severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients to benralizumab

Introduction Clinical trials and real-life studies have been published showing effectiveness of benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients. The aim of the present study is to describe super-responders to benralizumab in a series of 79 patients who completed at least 1 year of treatment, and to compare super-responders with non super-responders. Methods This is a multicenter study of the Register of Severe Asthma of the Region of Murcia (RE-ASGRAMUR) Group performed in eight hospitals under the conditions of routine clinical practice. Patients with zero exacerbations and no oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma were considered super-responders. We analyzed clinical, functional, and inflammatory parameters of selected patients. Results In all, 50 of the 79 patients (63%) met the super-responder criteria. In addition, 36% of the patients (26/71) were considered as complete responders to treatment (super--responder + Asthma Control Test [ACT] ≥ 20 + forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] ≥ 80%). The super--responders were significantly older in age (P = 0.0029), had higher eosinophils count (P = 0.0423), higher proportion of nasal polyps (P = 0.036), and they had less severe disease at baseline. After 1 year of treatment, the super-responders had higher levels of ACT questionnaire (23 vs 19, P = 0.0007) and better percentage of FEV1 (83 vs 75, P = 0.0359). Conclusion Almost two of the three patients treated with benralizumab were super--responders after 1 year of treatment and 36% had a complete response. Super-responders were associated with older age, higher eosinophils count, had nasal polyposis as comorbidity, and had less severe disease at baseline. This data illustrated the good real-life response of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma to the treatment with benralizumab (AU)

Clinical symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic) are related to sinus computed tomography but not to endoscopic findings

BackgroundIn the clinical assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), evaluation of symptoms, nasoendoscopy findings and sinus computed tomography (CT) scan staging is employed in the management plan. Although prior studies have been done to assess the correlation of the three modalities in CRSwNP, such evaluation in patients with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic types of CRSwNP requires further investigation. The aim of this study was to correlate the sinus CT scan staging to symptom and endoscopic scores in both types of CRSwNP.Material and methodPatients with CRSwNP were classified into 2 types, eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic. Both types were assessed by Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) symptom score, nasal endoscopy Lund Kennedy grading (LK) score and sinus CT Lund Mackay (LM) staging score. All three modalities were correlated.ResultsForty-four patients were recruited for this study. There was significant correlation between sinus CT and symptom scores in the eosinophilic (r=.51, p=.031) and the non-eosinophilic (r=.76, p<.001) types. There was no significant correlation between symptom and nasoendoscopic scores in the eosinophilic (r=.12, p=.641) and the non-eosinophilic (r=.22, p=.276) types. There was also no significant correlation between sinus CT and nasoendoscopic scores in the eosinophilic (r=.20, p=.418) and the non-eosinophilic (r=.14, p=.508) types.ConclusionsSinus CT staging correlates well with the symptom score for both the eosinophilic and the non-eosinophilic types of CRSwNP. The good correlation suggests both modalities are a reliable guide for their evaluation and management planning. (AU)

AntecedentesEn la evaluación clínica de la rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales (RSCPN) la evaluación de los síntomas, los hallazgos nasoendoscópicos y la estadificación de la tomografía computarizada (TC) de senos se utilizan en el plan terapéutico. Aunque se han realizado estudios previos para evaluar la correlación de estas 3 modalidades en la RSCPN, dicha evaluación en los pacientes con tipos eosinofílicos y no eosinofílicos de RSCPN requiere investigación adicional. El objetivo de este estudio fue correlacionar la estadificación de la TC de senos con los síntomas y las puntuaciones endoscópicas en ambos tipos de RSCPN.Material y métodoLos pacientes con RSCPN fueron clasificados en 2 tipos: eosinofílicos y no eosinofílicos. Ambos tipos fueron evaluados utilizando la puntuación para síntomas Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22), la escala de clasificación para endoscopia nasal Lund Kennedy (LK) y la escala de estadificación de la TC Lund Mackay (LM). Las 3 modalidades estuvieron correlacionadas.ResultadosEste estudio incluyó 44 pacientes. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre la TC de senos y las puntuaciones de los síntomas en los tipos eosinofílico (r=0,51; p=0,031) y no eosinofílico (r=0,76; p<0,001). No se encontró correlación significativa entre las puntuaciones de los síntomas y las puntuaciones nasoendoscópicas en los tipos eosinofílico (r=0,12; p=0,641) y no eosinofílico (r=0,22; p=0,276). Tampoco se encontró correlación significativa entre la TC de senos en los tipos eosinofílico (r=0,20, p=0,418) y no eosinofílico (r=0,14; p=0,508).ConclusionesLa estadificación de la TC de senos guarda buena correlación con la puntuación de los síntomas para los tipos eosinofílico y no eosinofílico de RSCPN. Dicha buena correlación sugiere que ambas modalidades son directrices fiables para su evaluación y plan terapéutico. (AU)

Utilidad de la mucoplastia endonasal en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales. Estudio prospectivo / Usefulness of endonasal mucoplasty in the surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Prospective study

La rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales (RSCcPN) es una enfermedad con gran impacto sobre la salud. La opción quirúrgica mediante cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal es la alternativa terapéutica cuando no se alcanza el control de la enfermedad con el tratamiento médico. Los abordajes endoscópicos extensos se están postulando como posible mejor opción de tratamiento quirúrgico en ciertos fenotipos de RSCcPN. La mucoplastia endonasal asociada a estos abordajes ha demostrado ser una técnica complementaria que mejora tanto la cicatrización como el edema mucoso a corto plazo en pacientes con RSCcPN. El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha consistido en analizar los resultados de las mucoplastia endonasal asociada a una etmoidoesfenoidotomía completa más sinusotomía frontal de grado III en el tratamiento de RSCcPN a medio plazo. Para ello se realizó un estudio prospectivo de casos y controles (10/10) en pacientes con RSCcPN. En el grupo de casos se asoció a la cirugía una mucoplastia endonasal en la fosa nasal izquierda y en el grupo control no. La evaluación de la calidad de vida al año de la intervención quirúrgica, medida mediante la diferencia de medias de SNOT-22 (media [DE]), en el grupo de casos fue significativamente mejor que en el grupo control (45,9 [19,6]-26,6 [16,05]; p=0,027). La mejoría endoscópica de la cicatrización y del edema mucoso, medida mediante la escala de Lund-Kennedy modificada, mostró mejorías relevantes al comparar ambas fosas, pero sin alcanzar la significación (p=0,29). La mucoplastia endonasal favorece la cicatrización a corto plazo, lo que mejora la calidad de vida a medio plazo (un año) de los pacientes tratados con resecciones extensas endoscópicas de los senos. (AU)

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a disease with great impact on health. The surgical option using endoscopic sinus surgery is the therapeutic alternative when control of the disease is not achieved with medical treatment. Extensive endoscopic approaches are being postulated as a possible best surgical treatment option in certain phenotypes of CRSwNP. Endonasal mucoplasty associated with these approaches has been shown to be a complementary technique that improves both healing and mucosal edema in patients with CRSwNP in the short term. The aim of our study was to analyse the results of endonasal mucoplasty associated with a complete ethmoid-sphenoidotomy plus grade III frontal sinusotomy in the treatment of CRSwNP in the medium term. For this purpose, a prospective case-control study (10/10) was carried out on patients with CRSwNP. In the case group, endonasal mucoplasty in the left nostril was associated with surgery, and the control group was not. The assessment of quality of life at one year after surgery, as measured by the mean difference in SNOT-22 (mean [SD]), was significantly better in the case group than in the control group (45.9 [19.6]-26.6 [16.05] P=0.027). The endoscopic improvement in healing and mucosal edema, measured by the Modified Lund-Kennedy scale, showed relevant improvements, when comparing both nostrils, but without reaching significance (P=0.29). Endonasal mucoplasty promotes short-term healing, improving the quality of life in the medium term (one year) of patients treated with extensive endoscopic mucosal resections. (AU)

Genetics and Epigenetics of Nasal Polyposis: A Systematic Review

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses that is often associated with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) in the most severe cases. As in other complex diseases, genetic factors are thought to play an important role in the risk and development of the disease. Environment may also modulate the epigenetic signature in affected patients. In the present systematic review, we aimed to compile all published data on genetic and epigenetic variations in CRSwNP since 2000. We found 104 articles, 24 of which were related to epigenetic studies. We identified more than 150 genetic variants in 99 genes involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. These were clustered into 8 main networks, linking genes involved in inflammation and immune response (eg, MHC), cytokine genes (eg, TNF), leukotriene metabolism, and the extracellular matrix. A total of 89 miRNAs were also identified; these are associated mainly with biological functions such as the cell cycle, inflammation, and the immune response. We propose a potential relationship between genes and the miRNAs identified that may open new lines of investigation. An in-depth knowledge of gene variants and epigenetic traits could help us to design more tailored treatment for patients with CRSwNP (AU)

Nasal and lip polyps: Pai syndrome / Pólipos nasales y labiales: síndrome de Pai

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Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Nasal Polyposis in Asthma PATIENTS: Impact on Bronchial Inflammation / Cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal para la poliposis nasal en pacientes con asma: impacto en la inflamación bronquial

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Factores que condicionan la pérdida de control al reducir escalones terapéuticos en el tratamiento del asma moderada-grave en la práctica clínica habitual: estudio español multicéntrico / Factors that determine the loss of control when reducing therapy by steps in the treatment of moderate-severe asthma in standard clinical practice: a multicentre Spanish study

Introducción: Aunque las guías de práctica clínica recomiendan un ajuste continuado del tratamiento del asma, reduciendo la medicación de mantenimiento cuando se alcanza el control (step-down), existen pocos estudios de práctica clínica habitual orientados a recabar información de los factores que condicionan su fracaso. Objetivo: Determinar los factores que condicionan en la práctica clínica habitual el fracaso del step-down en los pacientes asmáticos moderados-graves controlados con una combinación de glucocorticoides inhalados/agonistas beta-2 adrenérgicos de acción larga. Método: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo sobre 374 pacientes con asma moderada-grave controlada con glucocorticoides inhalados/agonistas beta-2 adrenérgicos de acción larga en quienes el facultativo indicó en 2016 un step-down. Resultados: El step-down fracasó en el 41,7%. Los factores relacionados con el fracaso fueron: la mayor edad del paciente (p=0,006), la presencia de 2 o más comorbilidades (p=0,016), el mayor nivel de gravedad (persistente grave vs. persistente moderada) (p<0,001), la mayor edad al diagnóstico (>40 años) (p=0,045), cuanto más alto es el escalón terapéutico previo (p=0,003) y posterior al cambio (p<0,001), cuanto menor sea el tiempo de mejoría/control previo al cambio (p=0,019), el FEV1 más bajo (p=0,001) y un peor Asthma Control Test o Asthma Control Questionnaire antes del step-down (p<0,001). El análisis de regresión logística mostró que existe una mayor probabilidad (odds ratio [IC 95%] de fracaso del step-down en los pacientes más añosos: OR 0,983 [0,969-0,997], con asma grave vs. moderada: OR 0,537 [0,292-0,985] y mayor probabilidad de éxito si llevan más de 6 meses con la enfermedad controlada: OR 2,253 [1,235-4,112]). Conclusión: En condiciones de práctica clínica habitual el step-down fracasa en un porcentaje alto de pacientes y se recomienda indicarlo cuando el paciente lleve más de 6 meses controlado

Background: Although the clinical practice guidelines recommend continuous adjustment of asthma treatment and reducing the maintenance drugs when achieving control (step-down), there are few studies of standard clinical practice aimed at collecting information on the factors that determine step-down failure. Objective: To determine the factors that determine step-down failure in standard clinical practice of patients with moderate-severe asthma controlled by a combination of inhaled glucocorticoids and long-acting beta agonists. Methods: A multicentre retrospective study included 374 patients with moderate-severe asthma controlled with inhaled glucocorticoids and long-acting beta agonists for whom the physician indicated a step-down in 2016. Results: The step-down failed in 41.7% of the patients. The following factors were related to failure: greater patient age (P=.006), presence of at least 2 comorbidities (P=.016), greater severity level (severe persistent vs. moderate persistent) (P<.001), greater age at diagnosis (>40 years) (P=.045), the higher the therapeutic step before (P=.003) and after the change (P<.001), the shorter the time of improvement/control prior to the change (P=.019), lower FEV1 (P=.001) and a poorer Asthma Control Test score or Asthma Control Questionnaire score before the step-down (P<.001). The logistic regression analysis showed a higher probability of step-down failure in the more elderly patients (OR, 0.983; 95% CI 0.969-0.997) and those with severe asthma compared to those with moderate asthma (OR, 0.537; 95% CI 0.292-0.985), as well as an increased probability of success if the patients had the disease controlled for more than 6 months (OR, 2.253; 95% CI 1.235-4.112). Conclusion: In standard clinical practice conditions, step-down fails in a high percentage of patients, and the suggestion is to indicate step-down when the patient has had more than 6 months of disease control