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2.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(3)jul.-sep. 2023. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-218534

RESUMO

Background: Understanding the mechanisms underlying human consciousness is pivotal to improve the prognostication and treatment of severely brain-injured patients. Consciousness remains an elusive concept and the identification of its neural correlates is an active subject of research, however recent neuroscientific advances have allowed scientists to better characterize disorders of consciousness. These breakthroughs question the historical nomenclature and our current management of post-comatose patients. Method: This review examines the contribution of consciousness neurosciences to the current clinical management of severe brain injury. It investigates the major impact of consciousness disorders on healthcare systems, the scientific frameworks employed to identify their neural correlates and how evidence-based data from neuroimaging research have reshaped the landscape of post-coma care in recent years. Results: Our increased ability to detect behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of consciousness has led to significant changes in taxonomy and clinical practice. We advocate for a multimodal framework for the management of severely brain-injured patients based on precision medicine and evidence-based decisions, integrating epidemiology, health economics and neuroethics. Conclusions: Major progress in brain imaging and clinical assessment have opened the door to a new era of post-coma care based on standardized neuroscientific evidence. We highlight its implications in clinical applications and call for improved collaborations between researchers and clinicians to better translate findings to the bedside. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Coma , Transtornos da Consciência , Neurociências , Neuroimagem , Estado Vegetativo Persistente , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas
3.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(2): 1-9, abr.-jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213893

RESUMO

Background: Patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) are a challenging population prone to misdiagnosis with limited effective treatment options. Among neuromodulation techniques, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) may act through a bottom-up manner to modulate thalamo-cortical connectivity and promote patients’ recovery. In this clinical trial, we aim to (1) assess the therapeutic clinical effects of taVNS in patients with DoC; (2) investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of its action; (3) assess the feasibility and safety of the procedure in this challenging population; (4) define the phenotype of clinical responders; and (5) assess the long-term efficacy of taVNS in terms of functional outcomes. Methods: We will conduct a prospective parallel randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial investigating the effects of taVNS as a treatment in DoC patients. Forty-four patients in the early period post-injury (7 to 90 days following the injury) will randomly receive 5 days of either active bilateral vagal stimulation (45 min duration with 30s alternative episodes of active/rest periods; 3mA; 200-300μs current width, 25Hz.) or sham stimulation. Behavioural (i.e., Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, CRS-R) and neurophysiological (i.e., high-density electroencephalography, hd-EEG) measures will be collected at baseline and at the end of the 5-day treatment. Analyses will seek for changes in the CRS-R and the EEG metrics (e.g., alpha band power spectrum, functional connectivity) at the group and individual (i.e., responders) levels. Discussion: These results will allow us to investigate the vagal afferent network and will contribute towards a definition of the role of taVNS for the treatment of patients with DoC. We aim to identify the neural correlates of its action and pave the way to novel targeted therapeutic strategies. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estimulação do Nervo Vago , Transtornos da Consciência , Estado Vegetativo Persistente , Eletroencefalografia , Coma
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(6): 1285-1288, nov.-dic. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-198319

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: la vitamina cobalamina es esencial para el buen funcionamiento del SNC, la hematopoyesis y la síntesis de ADN. Su déficit es frecuentemente secundario a la anemia perniciosa o a las dietas vegetarianas estrictas. CASO CLÍNICO: lactante varón de 18 meses con disminución del nivel de conciencia y trastorno del movimiento (temblor y movimientos coreiformes) de horas de duración. Como antecedentes, presenta retraso de la adquisición de los hitos motores (no bipedestación, lenguaje monosilábico) y pérdida progresiva de los mismos en las últimas semanas (sostén cefálico y sedestación). Alimentado mediante lactancia materna desde el nacimiento. La familia sigue una alimentación vegetariana. En las pruebas de neuroimagen, la TC y la RM craneales muestran atrofia supratentorial generalizada de ambas sustancias y de los ganglios basales. Se inicia tratamiento con vitamina B12 intramuscular, aumentando sus niveles. Posteriormente se procede a la diversificación alimentaria y la administración de cianocobalamina oral, con normalización clínica al cabo de 6 meses y radiológica al cabo de 7 meses. DISCUSIÓN: recalcamos la importancia de la suplementación con B12 durante el embarazo y la lactancia tanto en la mujer como en el lactante


INTRODUCTION: the vitamin cobalamin is essential for a proper functioning of the CNS, hematopoiesis, and DNA synthesis. Its deficiency is frequently secondary to pernicious anemia or strict vegetarian diets. CASE REPORT: an 18-month-old male infant presented with a decreased level of consciousness and movement disorder (tremor and choreiform movements) of several hours' standing. He had a history of delayed acquisition of motor milestones (not standing, monosyllabic language), and progressive loss of these over the last few weeks (head support and sitting). He had been breastfed from birth. His family has a vegetarian diet. In neuroimages, cranial CT and MRI scans showed generalized supratentorial atrophy involving both matters and the basal ganglia. Treatment was started with intramuscular vitamin B12, which increased its levels. Subsequently, the patient was subjected to dietary diversification and oral cyanocobalamin, with clinical normalization after 6 months and radiological normalization after 7 months. DISCUSSION: we emphasize the importance of vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in vegetarian mothers and their infants


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/terapia , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Terapia Nutricional/efeitos adversos , Transtornos da Consciência/complicações , Tremor/complicações , Neuroimagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
6.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 67(9): 511-515, nov. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194384

RESUMO

Describimos el caso de una gestante de 24 años de edad, sin enfermedades previas, que fue ingresada con diagnóstico de neumonía bilateral por el nuevo coronavirus 2. Por empeoramiento clínico precisó cesárea urgente con anestesia general e intubación orotraqueal por intolerancia al decúbito. Tras la extubación desarrolló un cuadro de obnubilación que obligó al diagnóstico diferencial de encefalitis/meningitis por SARS-CoV-2, con tomografía computarizada (TC) y angioTC normales, bioquímica del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) inespecífica y resonancia magnética informada como «síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible» (al presentar características radiológicas sugestivas de edema vasogénico con alteraciones en la sustancia blanca de localización parieto-temporo-occipital, junto con alteración de nivel de conciencia) secundaria a cuadro hipertensivo del embarazo. La paciente 11 días después de la cesárea comenzó a desarrollar un cuadro hipertensivo que requirió tratamiento. La encefalopatía posterior reversible (PRES) asocia un conjunto de características clínicas (cefalea, alteración del nivel de conciencia, alteraciones visuales y convulsiones) y radiológicas (alteraciones reversibles en la sustancia blanca fundamentalmente en regiones parieto-temporo-occipitales) sugestivas de edema vasogénico. En pacientes gestantes SARS-CoV-2, el diagnóstico diferencial de la patología hipertensiva y las alteraciones de nivel de conciencia puede ser extremadamente complicado, al encontrarnos pruebas complementarias normales y ausencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en el periparto inmediato. Tal vez la secuenciación del genoma del SARS-CoV-2 en el LCR nos hubiera permitido un diagnóstico de certeza, aunque el tratamiento no hubiera variado


We describe the case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman with no history of note who was admitted with a diagnosis of bilateral pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus. Due to clinical worsening, she required urgent cesarean section with general anaesthesia and intubation for decubitus intolerance. After extubation, she presented altered mental state that required a differential diagnosis of encephalitis/meningitis secondary to SARS-CoV-2. CT and CT-angiography were normal, spinal fluid tests were non-specific, and magnetic resonance imaging reported posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) (due to radiological features suggestive of white matter vasogenic edema affecting the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, along with altered mental state) secondary to gestational hypertension. Eleven days after the cesarean section the patient began to develop hypertension that required treatment. PRES is associated with certain clinical (headache, altered mental state, visual disturbances and convulsions) and radiological (reversible changes in white substance mainly affecting the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes) characteristics suggestive of vasogenic oedema In pregnant SARS-CoV-2 patients, the differential diagnosis of hypertension and altered mental state is often extremely complicated because complementary tests can be normal and there is no immediate sign of peripartum hypertension. SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing in spinal fluid could have provided a definitive diagnosis, but the treatment would not have differed


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Encefalopatias/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Transtornos da Consciência/virologia , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Transtornos Puerperais/virologia , Fatores de Risco , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
7.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 54(2): 137-141, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-196651

RESUMO

Pacientes con daño cerebral y espasticidad son candidatos a terapia de baclofeno intratecal (ITB) cuando dosis máximas de antiespásticos orales no son efectivas. Algunos autores describen una mejora en el nivel de consciencia en pacientes con daño cerebral y alteraciones del nivel de consciencia. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 43 años con daño cerebral, espasticidad y estado vegetativo persistente que presentó mejora del nivel de consciencia tras administrar ITB para el manejo de la espasticidad. Durante la prueba de infusión de baclofeno intratecal monitorizamos la espasticidad según la Escala modificada de Ashworth y el nivel de consciencia mediante Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. Tras observar mejoría en Escala modificada de Ashworth y en Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, decidimos implantar la bomba de ITB y la paciente emergió de estado vegetativo persistente a estado de mínima consciencia. Sugerimos el beneficio añadido de ITB sobre el nivel de consciencia en pacientes con daño cerebral, alteraciones del nivel de consciencia y espasticidad, no existiendo evidencia suficiente para prescribirlo en el tratamiento de alteraciones del nivel de consciencia


Patients with brain injury and spasticity are candidates for intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) when maximal doses of oral antispastic drugs fail. Some authors have described an improvement in the level of consciousness in patients with brain injury and disorder of consciousness treated with ITB for spasticity. We present the case of a 43-year-old patient with brain injury, spasticity, and permanent vegetative state (PVS) who showed an improvement in the level of consciousness after ITB for spasticity. We performed an ITB infusion test, assessing the spasticity with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and level of consciousness with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and observed an improvement in the spasticity and the level of consciousness. Consequently, the ITB pump was implanted and the patient recovered from PVS to minimal conscious state (MCS). We conclude that ITB is indicated in patients with brain injury and spasticity. We suggest the improvement in the level of consciousness as a possible additional benefit. There is a lack of evidence to recommend ITB in patients with altered level of consciousness


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Quadriplegia/tratamento farmacológico , Espasticidade Muscular/tratamento farmacológico , Baclofeno/uso terapêutico , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Estado Vegetativo Persistente/reabilitação , Injeções Espinhais/métodos , Transtornos da Consciência/tratamento farmacológico , Bombas de Infusão Implantáveis , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 43(1,supl): 59-68, ene. 2020. tab
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-193163

RESUMO

In patients with impaired consciousness, pain self-assessment is impracticable and communication is compromised, therefore challenging assessment by health care professionals. This causes the use of valid and trustful scales to become fundamental. The present study aims to evaluate the clinical potential of the existent scales for the assessment of pain in patients with impaired consciousness. The literature review comprehends the time frame from January of 2005 to June of 2011 based on two search engines and three databases. A total of 654 abstracts and titles were analyzed, 16 papers wereselected for a full body revision of which 8 comprise within the present review. Three university archives were visualized and only 1 paper was included herein. Seven distinct assessments of pain scales were identified in patients presenting impaired consciousness. Only one of the scales took into account physiological and behavioral indicators, whereas the remaining others included solely behavioral indicators. The BPS scale obtained the highest rating, thus turning its implementation possible in these patients.More research, concerning the effects of the use of assessment of pain tools in clinics and their implications, is required


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Delírio/complicações , Transtornos da Consciência/complicações , Medição da Dor/instrumentação , Dor Crônica/diagnóstico , Inconsciência/complicações , Manejo da Dor/enfermagem , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Saúde do Adulto , Respiração Artificial/enfermagem
10.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 70(1): 1-11, 1 ene., 2020. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-187122

RESUMO

Introducción: La afectación de la conciencia de déficit es un síntoma habitual de los pacientes que sufren una lesión cerebral, que afecta al proceso rehabilitador y a los logros en términos de independencia funcional del paciente. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases bibliográficas Scopus y PubMed de los trabajos científicos que han abordado la conciencia de déficit en pacientes con daño cerebral entre 2000 y 2019. Finalmente se revisaron 65 artículos. Resultados: La conciencia de déficit como proceso metacognitivo está ligada a otros procesos cognitivos de orden superior, como las funciones ejecutivas y la memoria. En los últimos años, se han diseñado e implementado programas de intervención específicos sobre conciencia de déficit que han demostrado su eficacia mediante la incorporación de diferentes técnicas (por ejemplo, psicoeducación y feedback). Ante la necesidad de evaluar el éxito de la intervención sobre la conciencia de déficit en términos de mejora funcional, algunos trabajos han estudiado la generalización y la trasferencia de los resultados de la intervención sobre la conciencia de déficit a las actividades de la vida diaria. Conclusiones: La investigación en conciencia de déficit en pacientes con daño cerebral se ha desarrollado de forma significativa en los últimos años, considerando los factores neuropsicológicos, psicológicos y sociales de este fenómeno. Su futuro prometedor apunta hacia su incorporación como cribado en los protocolos de evaluación y, en su caso, su intervención de forma específica, lo que contribuirá a una rehabilitación eficaz que repercuta en la calidad de vida de los pacientes


Introduction: Self-awareness impairment is a common symptom of patients after suffering acquired brain injury, affecting the rehabilitation process and achievements in terms of patients’s daily living functionality. Patients and methods: A systematic review was performed using Scopus and PubMed databases of scientific articles that address self-awareness in patients with brain injury between 2000 and 2019. Finally, 65 articles were reviewed. Results. As a metacognitive process, self-awareness is linked to other higher order cognitive domains such an executive functions and memory. In recent years, specific intervention programs for self-awareness have been developed and implemented, and have proved their effectiveness, by using different techniques (i.e. psychoeducation and feedback). Considering the importance of assessing the success of the self-awareness interventions in terms of functional improvement, some studies have explored the generalization and transfer of results from those interventions to activities of daily living. Conclusions: Research in self-awareness in patients with acquired brain injury has developed significantly in recent years, considering the neuropsychological, psychological and social factors of this phenomenon. The promising future of research in this field points at its inclusion as screening tool in the assessment protocols and, if applicable, its individualized intervention, contributing to an effective global rehabilitation that affects patient's quality of life


Assuntos
Humanos , Lesões Encefálicas/reabilitação , Transtornos da Consciência/complicações , Conscientização/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Autoimagem , Transtornos da Consciência/psicologia , Metacognição , Neuropsicologia/métodos
11.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 53(3): 155-161, jul.-sept. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185552

RESUMO

Introducción: el objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los resultados y efectos secundarios de la administración de bromocriptina en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) en estado de síndrome vigilia sin respuesta (SVSR) o estado de mínima conciencia (EMC). Métodos: revisión retrospectiva de 10 casos clínicos: 6 TCE-SVSR y 4 TCE-EMC. Todos los pacientes recibieron bromocriptina con dosis iniciales de 2,5mg 2 veces al día. Esta fue incrementada progresivamente hasta 7,5 o 12,5mg 2 veces al día según respuesta y mantenida durante al menos 4 semanas. Se emplearon diversas escalas de valoración en los siguientes estadios: previo a la administración de bromocriptina, a las 4 semanas de inicio del tratamiento y previo al alta hospitaria. Las escalas de valoración que se emplearon fueron: Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, Disability Rating Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, Barthel Scale y Marshall Scale. Resultados: de los 10 pacientes 4 en EMC y 4 en SVSR consiguieron al alta 23 puntos en escala CRS-R, emergiendo por tanto de dichos estados y alcanzando un estado de fuera de mínima conciencia. Dos de los 10 pacientes mejoraron, pero de manera más discreta pasando de SVSR a EMC (8 a 11 y de 5 a 10 puntos en CRS-R). Conclusiones: considerando el mal pronóstico de recuperación de estos pacientes el beneficio-riesgo es positivo con bromocriptina a dosis como mínimo de 7,5mg 2 veces al día durante 4 semanas


Introduction: the aim of this study was to assess the results and adverse effects of bromocriptine in patients with traumatic brain injury-vegetative state (TBI-VS) or traumatic brain injury-minimally conscious state (TBI-MCS). Methods: we conducted a retrospective review of 10 patients, six with TBI-VS and four with TBI-MCS. All patients received bromocriptine at a starting dose of 2.5mg twice daily. Bromocriptine was titrated up to 7.5 or 12.5mg twice daily according to response and was maintained for at least 4 weeks. Various assessment scales were used in the following stages: before bromocriptine administration, at 4 weeks post bromocriptine prescription, and at hospital discharge. The assessment scales used were the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), Disability Rating Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, Barthel Scale, and Marshall Scale. Results: of the 10 patients, four with TBI-MCS and four with TBI-VS achieved a score of 23 points at discharge in the CRS-R, thus emerging from VS or MCS and regaining functional status. There were only two patients who emerged from VS but remained in MCS (8 to 11 and 5 to 10 points in CRS-R). Conclusions: considering the poor prognosis for recovery in these patients, bromocriptine use has a positive risk-benefit ratio at a dosage of at least 7.5mg twice daily for 4 weeks


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bromocriptina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos da Consciência/tratamento farmacológico , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dano Encefálico Crônico/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Agonistas de Dopamina/uso terapêutico
12.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 39(135): 33-49, ene.-jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186380

RESUMO

Tradicionalmente ha existido una incongruencia entre la definición de conciencia y la caracterización de su patología, que se restringe a aquellos cuadros que afectan la vida consciente en su conjunto, ya sea por un descenso del nivel o por una desorganización de sus contenidos. Los avances en neurociencia cognitiva han demostrado que existen otras perturbaciones de la conciencia que no implican su afectación total. Con el fin de presentar una clasificación integral de estos trastornos, partiremos de las teorías de Edelman y Damasio, quienes diferencian una forma elemental de conciencia (conciencia primaria, para el primero, o central, para el segundo) de una forma compleja (conciencia de orden superior o ampliada, respectivamente). Las enfermedades que afectan a la conciencia primaria producen trastornos globales, pues afectan a la conciencia en su conjunto. Los trastornos de la conciencia superior producen perturbaciones parciales, que involucran mayormente a la autoconciencia, aunque también incluyen las distorsiones y engaños perceptivos


Traditionally, there has been an incongruity between the definition of consciousness and the characterization of its pathology, which is restricted to those disorders that affect consciousness as a whole, either by a decrease in its level or by a disorganization of its contents. Developments in cognitive neuroscience have shown that there are other disturbances of consciousness that do not imply its total involvement. In order to present a comprehensive classification of these disorders, we will build our classification on the theories of Edelman and Damasio, who differentiate an elementary form of consciousness (primary or core consciousness, respectively) from a complex one (higher order or extended consciousness, respectively). Diseases that affect primary consciousness cause global disorders, because they affect consciousness as a whole. Disorders of higher-order consciousness cause partial disturbances, which mostly involve self-consciousness. Perceptual distortions and deceptions are also included here


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Consciência/classificação , Inconsciência/psicologia , Consciência , Estado de Consciência/classificação , Metacognição , Delírio/psicologia , Amnésia/psicologia , Teoria da Mente , Ilusões/psicologia , Alucinações/psicologia
13.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 61(1): 42-50, ene.-feb. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185076

RESUMO

Objetivo: Valorar si la técnica de embolización urgente del aneurisma cerebral y posterior cirugía del hematoma es segura y eficaz en pacientes con hematoma y signos de hipertensión intracraneal por rotura de aneurisma cerebral. Métodos: Se incluyeron 23 pacientes consecutivos con aneurisma cerebral roto y mal estado clínico debido a un hematoma intracraneal, ambos tratamientos completados en las primeras 4 horas del inicio de la clínica. Todos los pacientes presentaban signos clínicos de hipertensión intracraneal y/o alteración del nivel conciencia, incluido coma por deterioro rostrocaudal. Se valoró la eficacia de la técnica mediante el grado de cierre de los aneurismas y el pronóstico de los pacientes un mes después, y la seguridad, mediante el análisis de las complicaciones de los tratamientos. Resultados: El 91,3% de los pacientes tenía un aneurisma localizado en la arteria cerebral media (ACM). Todos los pacientes presentaban un valor de 4 en la escala de Fisher y de IV-V en la escala de Hunt y Hess. El tiempo medio desde la identificación del aneurisma en la tomografía computarizada hasta la embolización del aneurisma fue de 115 minutos. Se usó balón de remodeling en el 78% de los casos, con el que se logró un cierre adecuado en el 82,6% de los pacientes. Durante la cirugía se colocó un drenaje ventricular en 9 (39,1%) pacientes. Al mes, 13 (56,5%) pacientes eran independientes, con una mortalidad del 13%. No existieron resangrados. Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia, el tratamiento combinado mediante embolización del aneurisma y descompresión quirúrgica con evacuación del hematoma es segura y efectiva, y es una alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico aislado


Objective: To determine whether the urgent embolization of a cerebral aneurysms and posterior surgery on cerebral hematomas is safe and efficacious in patients with hematomas and signs of intracranial hypertension due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Methods: We included 23 consecutive patients in poor clinical condition due to an intracranial hematoma caused by a ruptured cerebral aneurysm who were treated with both embolization and surgery within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms. All patients had clinical signs of intracranial hypertension and / or altered levels of consciousness, including coma due to rostrocaudal deterioration. We evaluated the efficacy of the combined technique by determining the degree of closure of the aneurysms and the patients' prognosis one month after the procedures; we evaluated safety by analyzing the complications of the treatments. Results: All but two of the patients (21/23; 91.3%) had an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. All patients scored 4 on the Fisher scale and were classified as Hunt and Hess IV or V. The mean time from the identification of the aneurysm on computed tomography to embolization was 115minutes. A balloon remodeling technique was used in 18 (78%) patients; embolization achieved adequate closure in 19 (82.6%) patients. During surgery, a ventricular drain was placed in 9 (39.1%) patients. One month after treatment, 13 (56.5%) patients were functionally independent and 3 (13%) had died. No episodes of rebleeding were observed. Conclusion: In our experience, combined treatment including embolization of the aneurysm and surgical decompression with evacuation of the hematoma is a safe and effective alternative to surgical treatment alone


Assuntos
Humanos , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Hematoma Subdural Intracraniano/cirurgia , Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiopatologia , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hipertensão Intracraniana/etiologia , Transtornos da Consciência/etiologia
14.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 38(134): 491-508, jul.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-176431

RESUMO

Introducción: Se estudia la relación entre insight, sintomatologia y funcionamiento cognitivo en una muestra de pacientes con trastornos psicóticos. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 55 pacientes ingresados en una unidad de hospitalización psiquiátrica con diagnóstico de psicosis no afectiva. La evaluación se llevó a cabo con las siguientes escalas: para evaluar el insight clínico, se utilizó la Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD); para evaluar el insight cognitivo, la Escala de Insight Cognitivo de Beck (la EICB); para evaluar la clínica psicótica, la Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS); y la sintomatología depresiva se evaluó con el Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Las funciones ejecutivas neurocognitivas se valoraron con el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) y el deterioro cognitivo con el Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP). Resultados: Un menor insight clínico se relaciona con una mayor presencia de síntomas psicóticos positivos y una menor presencia de síntomas negativos y depresivos. No se observó relación entre insight y funciones ejecutivas, pero sí con el deterioro cognitivo. Conclusiones: Un menor insight en pacientes con trastorno psicótico se relaciona con la presencia de más sintomatología psicótica positiva y menor sintomatología psicótica negativa y depresiva. El insight clínico aumenta cuanto mayor deterioro cognitivo se aprecia


Introduction: The aim of this paper is to study the degree of insight in patients with psychotic disorders and its possible relationship with psychotic and depressive symptoms. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 55 patients hospitalized in a psychiatric inpatient unit with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis. In order to assess the patients, we used the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) for clinical insight; the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) for cognitive insight; the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psychotic symptoms; and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depressive symptoms. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to assess executive functions and the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) was used to assess cognitive impairment. Results: A lower clinical insight is related to more positive psychotic symptoms and to less negative and depressive symptoms. There was no relationship between insight and executive functions; however, we found a relationship between insight and cognitive impairment. Conclusions: A lower insight in patients with psychotic disorders is related to higher scores in the PANNS positive subscale and to lower scores in the PANSS negative subscale and the BDI. Clinical insight was higher in cognitively impaired patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/psicologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Conscientização , Depressão/psicologia , Função Executiva , Teoria da Construção Pessoal , Transtornos da Consciência/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia
16.
Pap. psicol ; 39(2): 155-160, mayo-ago. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-180268

RESUMO

The interdisciplinary character of consciousness problem is emphasized in the article. The questions rehabilitation of patients with consciousness oppression are addressed. The theoretical background of clinical psychological approach to methods consisting of analyzers systems stimulation, which are used at the rehabilitation of patients with consciousness depression, is provided. The article shows that the stroke characteristics can determine the specific parameters of consciousness depression. Statistically significant data are obtained for a links between the depth of consciousness oppression and stroke lateralization or stroke type. In conclusion, authors outline the issues related to the application of multimodal stimulation in consciousness rehabilitation


En este artículo se aborda el carácter interdisciplinario del problema de la conciencia. Se abordan cuestiones sobre la rehabilitación de pacientes con disminución de la conciencia. Se aporta el fundamento teórico de los enfoques de la psicología clínica sobre métodos consistentes en la estimulación de sistemas de analizadores. El artículo indica que las características del ictus puede determinar parámetros específicos del descenso de la conciencia. Se han obtenido datos estadísticos significativos sobre la relación entre el descenso del nivel de conciencia y la lateraoización y el tipo de ictus. En conclusión, los autores abordan cuestiones relacionadas con la aplicación de estimulación multimodal en la rehabilidación de la conciencia


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Consciência/psicologia , Transtornos da Consciência/reabilitação , Inconsciência/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia
17.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 38(133): 45-73, ene.-jun. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-174207

RESUMO

Poco se sabe sobre cómo las personas que sufren de síndrome de cautiverio o de enclaustramiento (Locked-in Syndrome, LIS) experimentan la situación en la que se encuentran. Todavía no existe una fenomenología del LIS, en el sentido de una descripción de la vivencia de la enfermedad y de la experiencia subjetiva del paciente. Las encuestas sobre calidad de vida y otras investigaciones basadas en cuestionarios suministran datos valiosos. Las mejores fuentes serían los relatos autobiográficos de las personas "enclaustradas", pero no se han estudiado sistemáticamente. Este artículo presenta materiales pertinentes para una fenomenología del LIS y sugiere algunas direcciones para emprenderla como proyecto metódico


Little is known about how individuals with Locked-in Syndrome (LIS) experience their situation. There is still no phenomenology of LIS, in the sense of a description of the locked-in persons' subjective experience. Research into quality of life, as well as other questionnaire-based investigations, provide important material. Arguably the best sources would be first-person narratives; but they have not yet been studied systematically. This article discusses existing materials relevant to a phenomenology of LIS and suggests some directions for undertaking it methodically


Assuntos
Humanos , Quadriplegia/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Luto , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/complicações , Transtornos da Consciência/complicações , Humanismo , Inquéritos e Questionários , Filosofia
18.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(10): 340-343, 16 mayo, 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173460

RESUMO

Introducción. La panarteritis nodosa es una vasculitis necrotizante que afecta de manera predominante a arterias de pequeño y mediano calibre de la piel y los órganos internos. La afectación neurológica sucede en un 25% de casos: los ictus isquémicos son relativamente frecuentes, pero las lesiones hemorrágicas resultan extremadamente raras. La hemorragia subaracnoidea es una expresión poco común de la enfermedad, asociada la inmensa mayoría de las veces a patología aneurismática. En nuestro conocimiento, sólo existe otro caso descrito de panarteritis nodosa con hemorragia subaracnoidea en la edad pediátrica sin patología aneurismática subyacente. Caso clínico. Niña de 7 años que presentó una hemorragia subaracnoidea no aneurismática con extensión intraparenquimatosa a los ganglios basales izquierdos. Previamente se había diagnosticado panarteritis nodosa y enfermedad protrombótica, en tratamiento con fármacos inmunodepresores y antiagregantes en ese momento. Conclusiones. Las características clínicas de la panarteritis nodosa, junto con el tratamiento antiagregante para prevenir la enfermedad tromboembólica en nuestra paciente, podrían haber predispuesto al evento hemorrágico en el proceso de la vasculitis cerebral. El manejo estándar de la hemorragia subaracnoidea es necesario en estos casos debido a que los aneurismas cerebrales son la causa más común de hemorragia subaracnoidea en un contexto de panarteritis nodosa


Introduction. Polyarteritis nodosa is a necrotizing vasculitis that mainly affects small and medium-sized arteries in skin and internal organs. Neurological involvement is reported in around 25% of cases: ischemic stroke is relatively common, but haemorrhagic lesions are extremely rare. Subarachnoid haemorrhage in polyarteritis nodosa is an uncommon expression of this disease, mostly associated with aneurism rupture. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is just one published case in pediatric age with polyarteritis nodosa and subarachnoid haemorrhage with no underlying aneurismal disease. Case report. A 7-year-old girl, who presented a non-aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage with intraparenchymal extension in the left basal ganglia. She was previously diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa and prothrombotic condition, being under immunosuppressive and anti-platelet treatment at that moment. Conclusions. The clinical features of polyarteritis nodosa together with continued anti-platelet therapy to prevent thromboembolic disease in this patient could have predisposed to the haemorrhagic event in the process of cerebral vasculitis. Standard subarachnoid haemorrhage management is initially required in such cases as cerebral aneurysms are the most common cause of haemorrhage in the context of polyarteritis nodosa disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasculite/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasculite/complicações , Transtornos da Consciência/complicações , Hidrocefalia/terapia , Angiografia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas/terapia
20.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (228): 55-61, abr.-jun. 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-164421

RESUMO

Los ictus son un grupo de trastornos bruscos de la irrigación cerebral que se manifiestan por una combinación de alteraciones físicas y psíquicas. El presente artículo se centra en la descripción de los trastornos emocionales y conductuales postictus. Entre los primeros destaca la depresión y se revisan los diagnósticos diferenciales. En relación a las alteraciones conductuales, las descripciones de acompañan de análisis explicativos que toman prestados conceptos de la neuropsicología cognitiva, y de las áreas de la cognición social y de los trastornos de la conciencia


Stroke refers to sudden pathology of cerebral blood flow that generates a combination of physical and mental changes. This paper focuses on the description of postictus emotional and behavioural changes. Postictus depression and its differential diagnosis is discussed. In relation to the behavioural changes the descriptions (irritability, aggressiveness, apathy) are presented together with explanatory hypothesis that make use of concepts from cognitive psychology, social cognition and the psychology of insight and awareness


Assuntos
Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Consciência/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Amnésia Anterógrada/epidemiologia
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