Calorie restriction changes lipidomic profiles and maintains mitochondrial function and redox balance during isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy

Typically, healthy cardiac tissue utilizes more fat than any other organ. Cardiac hypertrophy induces a metabolic shift leading to a preferential consumption of glucose over fatty acids to support the high energetic demand. Calorie restriction is a dietary procedure that induces health benefits and lifespan extension in many organisms. Given the beneficial effects of calorie restriction, we hypothesized that calorie restriction prevents cardiac hypertrophy, lipid content changes, mitochondrial and redox dysregulation. Strikingly, calorie restriction reversed isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Isolated mitochondria from hypertrophic hearts produced significantly higher levels of succinate-driven H2O2 production, which was blocked by calorie restriction. Cardiac hypertrophy lowered mitochondrial respiratory control ratios, and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. These effects were also prevented by calorie restriction. We performed lipidomic profiling to gain insights into how calorie restriction could interfere with the metabolic changes induced by cardiac hypertrophy. Calorie restriction protected against the consumption of several triglycerides (TGs) linked to unsaturated fatty acids. Also, this dietary procedure protected against the accumulation of TGs containing saturated fatty acids observed in hypertrophic samples. Cardiac hypertrophy induced an increase in ceramides, phosphoethanolamines, and acylcarnitines (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0). These were all reversed by calorie restriction. Altogether, our data demonstrate that hypertrophy changes the cardiac lipidome, causes mitochondrial disturbances, and oxidative stress. These changes are prevented (at least partially) by calorie restriction intervention in vivo. This study uncovers the potential for calorie restriction to become a new therapeutic intervention against cardiac hypertrophy, and mechanisms in which it acts. (AU)

Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol analogue isorhapontigenin versus omega-3 fatty acids in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of mortality worldwide. Isorhapontigenin is a derivative of stilbene with chemical structure similar to resveratrol. The omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment with isorhapontigenin and omega-3 FA on rat model of isoproterenol-induced MI. Fifty-six rats were divided into seven groups: normal, normal + isorhapontigenin, normal + omega-3 FA, MI, MI + isorhapontigenin, MI + omega-3 FA, and MI + isorhapontigenin + omega-3 FA. Serum levels of cardiac marker enzymes [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)], cardiac troponin I (cTnI), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6], and lipid profile [triglycerides, total cholesterol (T.Ch), high and low density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), and phospholipids] as well as cardiac levels of malondialdehyde and anti-oxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase)] were measured in all rats. ECG and histopathological examination were performed. Isoproterenol caused a significant elevation of ST segment, decreased R wave amplitude, HDL, and anti-oxidants, and increased LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, TNF-α, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, triglycerides, T.Ch, LDL, and phospholipids. Omega-3 FA or isorhapontigenin significantly decreased the ST segment elevation, LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, TNF-α, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and phospholipids and increased R wave amplitude and anti-oxidants. The effects of combined omega-3 FA and isorhapontigenin were more significant than either of them alone. Therefore, we conclude that omega-3 FA and isorhapontigenin have a cardioprotective effect on rats with isoproterenol-induced MI through their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions (AU)

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Cardioprotective effect of linseed oil against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats: a biochemical and electrocardiographic study

The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of Tunisian flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by studying hypertensive and cardiac damage markers especially electrocardiographic changes and troponin T serum level. In vitro, the extracted oil showed an important inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with an IC50 = 85.96 μg/ml. According to chemical analysis, this extract is composed essentially of alpha linolenic acid (ALA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (58.59 %). Male rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely control (C), isoproterenol (ISO), and isoproterenol-treated group with flaxseed oil (FO + ISO). Isoproterenol injection showed changes in ECG pattern, including ST-segment elevation (diagnostic of myocardial infarction), increase in the serum levels ofTroponin T and cardiac injury markers (creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT)). However, Linum oil pre-co-treatment prevented almost all the parameters isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Results of the present study proved that flaxseed oil has a significant effect by heart protection against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction through beneficial effect of the important fraction of ALA

Actualización en el manejo de fármacos vasoactivos en insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y shock cardiogénico y mixto / Update on the use of vasoactive drugs for acute heart failure and cardiogenic and undifferentiated shock

Los fármacos vasoactivos poseen propiedades inotrópicas y vasomotoras. La variabilidad de su respuesta se explica por múltiples factores relacionados con la dosis empleada, la densidad, la afinidad y la selectividad de sus receptores, así como por las complejas vías de señalización. Su indicación no solo debería recaer en un umbral de presión arterial recomendado, sino también en parámetros objetivos de microcirculación. Hasta el momento no se ha demostrado que ningún fármaco vasoactivo aumente la supervivencia, y la crítica más importante es por los graves efectos adversos. Las líneas de investigación se han centrado en la búsqueda de fármacos más selectivos intentando evitar estos efectos adversos y no solo buscando la mejoría sintomática y hemodinámica a corto plazo (AU)

Vasoactive drugs can have inotropic or vasomotor properties or both. Variability in responses to these drugs can be explained by factors related to the dose used, the drugs’ affinity for specific receptors, the density and selectivity of these receptors, and the operation of complex signaling pathways. Indications for their use should not be based solely on recommended blood pressure thresholds but should also take into account objective microcirculatory parameters. To date, no vasoactive drug has been shown to increase survival, and the main criticism of their use is that they produce serious adverse effects. Research has focused on finding more selective compounds that will avoid these adverse effects and has not only sought to achieve short-term improvements in symptoms and hemodynamics (AU)

Hipotermia terapéutica prolongada tras cirugía de drenaje de derrame pericárdico / Prolonged therapeutic hypothermia after pericardial effusion drain surgery

La hipotermia terapéutica es un tratamiento efectivo para la protección neurológica tras parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria, y podría ser beneficiosa también en la parada cardíaca intrahospitalaria. Su utilización en pacientes posquirúrgicos es limitada debido al riesgo incrementado de complicaciones específicas, especialmente de hemorragia. Existen diferencias en los tiempos de hipotermia terapéutica empleados, tanto para alcanzar la temperatura objetivo, como en la duración de la terapia, por lo que la estrategia óptima todavía está por determinar. Presentamos un caso de utilización de hipotermia terapéutica durante 48 h tras una parada cardíaca, en el contexto de drenaje quirúrgico de un derrame pericárdico severo con compromiso hemodinámico (AU)

Therapeutic hypothermia is an effective treatment for neurological protection after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and may also be beneficial for in-hospital cardiac arrest. Its use is limited in post-surgical patients due to the risk of specific complications, particularly bleeding. There are significant differences among previous publications regarding the time to reach the target temperature and the duration of therapy, so the optimal strategy is not yet established. We present the case of a patient who suffered a perioperative cardiac arrest related to a pericardial tamponade, and who underwent therapeutic hypothermia for 48 h (AU)

The plant histaminase: a promising enzyme with antioxidant properties versus histamine release in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats

The present study was designed to evaluate possible protective effects of purified histaminase from Lathyrus sativus L. seedling on the myocardial injuries upon isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. In this regard, blood histamine concentration, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity, antioxidant status, and histopathological changes of the hearts were measured. A total of 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five equal groups and treated in the following order: control (normal saline), isoprenaline (isoproterenol 110 mg/kg BW), Isopren.-H1 (isoprenaline plus histaminase 80 U/kg BW), Isopren.-H2 (isoprenaline plus histaminase 120 U/kg BW), and Isopren.-H3 (isoprenaline plus histaminase 160 U/kg BW). Myocardial infarction was manifested by a significant elevation in the level of CK-MB and histopathological findings in isoprenaline group when compared to controls. In contrast, histaminase pretreatment at dose of 160 U/kg prevented isoprenaline-induced histamine release and significantly decreased CK-MB activity as well as histopathological changes in Isopren.-H3 group. A significant increase in the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was also observed by histaminase treatment in Isopren.-H2 and Isopren.-H3 groups. Although the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased significantly to suppress oxidative stress in isoprenaline group, it was not able to prevent lipid peroxidation (as shown by TBARS concentration) in the heart of rats. In conclusion, the plant-originated histaminase presented as a promising enzyme with antioxidant properties against histamine release and myocardial infarction in rats, and it seems be a suitable therapeutic agent for future clinical trials in humans

Biochemical effects of Solidago virgaurea extract on experimental cardiotoxicity

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major health problem of advanced as well as developing countries of the world. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of theSolidago virgaurea extract on isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (30 mg/kg) into rats twice at an interval of 24 h, for two consecutive days, led to a significant increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, total cholesterol, triglycerides, free serum fatty acid, cardiac tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide levels and a significant decrease in levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in cardiac tissue as compared to the normal control group (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with S. virgaurea extract for 5 weeks at a dose of 250 mg/kg followed by isoproterenol injection significantly prevented the observed alterations. Captopril (50 mg/kg/day, given orally), an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme used as a standard cardioprotective drug, was used as a positive control in this study. The data of the present study suggest that S. virgaurea extract exerts its protective effect by decreasing MDA level and increasing the antioxidant status in isoproterenol-treated rats. The study emphasizes the beneficial action of S. virgaurea extract as a cardioprotective agent

Preconditioning with diosgenin and treadmill exercise preserves the cardiac toxicity of isoproterenol in rats

This study was aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of diosgenin and exercise on tissue antioxidant status in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats. Levels of lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activities of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidise and glutathione reductase) and antiperoxidative enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in the plasma and the heart tissue of experimental groups of rats were determined. Pretreatment with diosgenin and exercise exerted an antioxidant effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction by blocking the induction of lipid peroxidation. A tendency to prevent the isoproterenol-induced alterations in the level of GSH, in the activities of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes and antiperoxidative enzymes was also observed. Histopathological findings of the myocardial tissue showed a protective role for combination of diosgenin and exercise in isoproterenol (ISO)-treated rats. Thus, the present study reveals that preconditioning with diosgenin and exercise exerts cardioprotective effect against ISO-induced MI due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects, which maintains the tissue defense system against myocardial damage (AU)

Abordaje simplificado para la ablación de la taquicardia por reentrada intranodal en paciente con atresia tricuspídea y Fontan extracardiaco / Simplified approach for ablation of nodal reentrant tachycardia in a patient with tricuspid atresia and extracardiac fontan palliation

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Fibrilación ventricular recurrente tratada mediante ablación con catéter en paciente con canalopatía oculta / Concealed channelopathy in a patient with recurrent ventricular fibrillation treated with catheter ablation

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Utilización de un marcapasos encocavitario por bloqueo cardíaco completo debido a miocarditis por mycoplasma pneumoniae / Use of an encocavitary pacemaker in a patient with complete atrioventricular block due to myocarditis secondary to mycoplasma pneumoniae

Introducción. El bloqueo cardíaco auriculoventricular (BAV) completo en la infancia es una entidad poco frecuente pero potencialmente grave. La etiología más frecuente es la congénita, aunque también se puede presentar de forma adquirida. Hay pocos casos en la literatura de pacientes en edad pediátrica afectos de BAV como primera manifestación de una miocarditis aguda y en la cual se encuentre Mycoplasma pneumoniae como agente etiológico. También son escasas las publicaciones de pacientes pediátricos con esta patología tratados con marcapasos endocavitario. Caso clínico. Niño de 8 años de edad que presenta un episodio comicial e inestabilidad hemodinámica. El paciente es diagnosticado de BAV completo secundario a miocarditis aguda por Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Recibió tratamiento con corticoides, gammaglobulina intravenosa e infusión continua de isoproterenol endovenoso sin obtener respuesta, requiriendo la colocación de un marcapasos endocavitario temporal hasta la recuperación del ritmo sinusal. Comentarios. Determinados autoanticuerpos parece que tienen un papel fundamental en la fisiopatología de la miocarditis aguda. La infección por distintos gérmenes parece actuar como desencadenante de la respuesta autoinmune. De esta forma, parece coherente utilizar un tratamiento inmunosupresor o con gammaglobulinas, aunque no se puede recomendar su uso de forma rutinaria. En cuanto al BAV, puede ser necesario implantar un marcapasos endocavitario en espera de la restitución del ritmo sinusal(AU)

Introduction. Complete atriventricular block (CAB) is a rare but serious condition in children. It is usually congenital, but an acquired form is also well described. The literature on pediatric patients with CAB secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae myocarditis is scarce. Moreover, information on the use of an endocavitary pacemaker for children with CAB is very limited. Case Report. An 8-yo boy presented with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure and hemodynamic instability. He was diagnosed with CAB secondary to myocarditis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. He was initially treated with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and continuous infusion isoproterenol with no response, and required the placement of a temporary endocavitary pacemaker until sinus rhythm was recovered. Comments. Specific antibodies play a major role in the pathophysiology of acute myocarditis; infection by different agents could be the trigger of that immune response. The administration of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for immunomodulation may have a role, although its routine use cannot be recommended. The use of an endocavitary pacemaker may be required until recovery of sinus rhythm(AU)

Intoxicación aguda por atropina de causa yatrógena / A case of acute iatrogenic atropine poisoning

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Inducibilidad de arritmias auriculares tras la infusión de adenosina e isoproterenol en pacientes con fibrilación auricular remitidos para ablación / Inducibility of atrial arrhythmias after adenosine and isoproterenol infusion in patients referred for atrial fibrillation ablation

Introducción y objetivos. La identificación y la ablación de focos ectópicos podría realizarse de forma complementaria al abordaje empírico de las 4 venas pulmonares, con el fin de aumentar la tasa de éxito de la ablación de la fibrilación auricular (FA). Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la inducibilidad farmacológica de ectopia auricular en pacientes con FA, así como la reproducibilidad, la localización y el significado clínico de la arritmia inducida. Métodos. Se analizó el resultado de la infusión de adenosina e isoproterenol en 53 pacientes con FA referidos para ablación que presentaban ectopia abundante en Holter previos y ausencia de ésta en el momento de la ablación (o densidad insuficiente para su cartografía). Resultados. En 46 pacientes (87%) se indujo alguna arritmia auricular tras la administración de adenosina y/o isoproterenol. La tasa de inducibilidad en pacientes con FA paroxística y persistente fue del 87 y el 86%, respectivamente. Se indujo ectopia aislada en 31 pacientes (65%), taquicardia auricular en 4 pacientes (8%) y FA en 13 pacientes (27%). En 10 pacientes (19%), la ectopia inducida tuvo una localización extrapulmonar. En 32 de los 46 pacientes inducibles (70%) se ablacionó exclusivamente la ectopia inducida (1,4 ± 0,6 sustratos por paciente), y se obtuvo un éxito a largo plazo en 21 pacientes (66%). Conclusiones. La infusión de adenosina e isoproterenol en pacientes con FA presenta una alta tasa de inducción de arritmias auriculares, que, en cerca de un 20% de los casos, proceden de focos extrapulmonares. La eficacia de la ablación guiada por la ectopia inducida apoya la relevancia clínica de ésta

Introduction and objectives. The identification and ablation of atrial ectopic foci could complement the conventional empirical pulmonary vein approach and may increase the success rate of atrial fibrillation ablation. Although both adenosine and isoproterenol infusion have been reported to induce ectopics, no clear findings on their use during ablation have been published. Our aim was to investigate the utility of these two pharmacologic maneuvers in patients referred for atrial fibrillation ablation. Methods. The effects of adenosine infusion, isoproterenol infusion, or both were evaluated in 53 patients with refractory atrial fibrillation referred for ablation. Patients were in sinus rhythm during evaluation. Results. Administration of adenosine or isoproterenol induced atrial arrhythmias in 46 patients (87%). Arrhythmia inducibility was similar in those with paroxysmal and those with persistent atrial fibrillation (87% and 86%, respectively). Atrial ectopics alone were induced in 31 patients (65%), atrial tachycardia in four (8%), and atrial fibrillation in 13 (27%). In 10 patients (19%), ectopic foci were located outside the pulmonary veins and subsequently underwent ablation. In 32 of the 46 patients with inducible arrhythmias, only the induced ectopic foci were ablated (mean 1.4 [0.6] targets per patient). The long-term success rate of first procedures was 66%. Conclusions. Adenosine and isoproterenol infusion induced atrial ectopics in most patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation while they were in sinus rhythm. In almost 20%, the ectopic foci were located outside the pulmonary veins. The effectiveness of induced ectopic-guided ablation observed in our patient series supports the clinical utility of this approach

Torsades de pointes en paciente con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Torsades de pointes in an HIV infected patient

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The release of soluble VAP-1/SSAO by 3T3-L1 adipocytes is stimulated by isoproterenol and low concentrations of TNFá

Plasma level of the protein SSAO/VAP-1 (samicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase / vascular-adhesion protein-1) is increased in diabetes and/or obesity and may be related to vascular complications associated to these pathologies. The aim of this work was to complete a preceding study where we described the role played by some hormones or metabolites, implicated in diabetes and/or obesity, in the regulation of the release of VAP-1/SSAO by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Here we focused on the previously observed effect produced by TNFa in the release of VAP-1/SSAO and studied the effect of a beta-adrenergic compound, isoproterenol. Both compounds stimulated the release of VAP-1/SSAO to the culture medium but had a different effect on the SSAO/VAP-1 membrane form. While TNFa produced a decrease on SSAO/VAP-1 membrane form content, isoproterenol did not modify it. We thus observed two different ways of regulation of the release of SSAO/VAP-1 by 3T3-L1 adipocytes by metabolites implicated in diabetes and adipose tissue physiopathology. Our work permits a better understanding of this increased plasma SSAO/VAP-1 levels observed in diabetes

Los niveles plasmáticos de la proteina SSAO/VAP-1 están aumentados en la diabetes y la obesidad, lo que podría estar relacionado con las complicaciones vasculares asociadas a estas patologías. En continuidad con trabajos anteriores acerca del papel de algunas hormonas o metabolitos, implicados en la diabetes y obesidad. Se estudia en este trabajo el efecto producido por el TNFa y del agonista beta-adrenérgico, isoproterenol en la regulación de la liberación de VAP-1/SSAO por adipocitos 3T3-L1. Ambos compuestos estimularon la liberación de VAP-1/SSAO al medio de cultivo, pero tuvieron un efecto diferente sobre la isoforma ligada a la membrana de SSAO/VAP-1. Así, mientras que el TNFa produjo una disminución significativa en la actividad SSAO/VAP-1 ligada a la membrana, no se modificó por el isoproterenol. Además, observamos dos maneras diferentes de regulación de la liberación de SSAO/VAP-1 por adipocitos 3T3-L1 a través de metabolitos implicados en diabetes y fisiopatología del tejido adiposo. Nuestro trabajo permite un mejor entendimiento de estos niveles plasmáticos aumentados de SSAO/VAP-1 observados en diabetes

Cerebro, estrés y ovario poliquístico. Participación de la inervación simpática en el desarrollo del síndrome del ovario poliquístico / Brain, stress, and polycystic ovary. Role of sympathetic innervation in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome

El estrés, como un mecanismo general de respuesta simpática exagerada, involucra grandes cambios en la homeostasis del organismo. No existen dudas acerca de las alteraciones que provoca el estrés, tanto en el comportamiento sexual como en la capacidad reproductiva. En este trabajo discutiremos los cambios en la actividad nerviosa simpática que induce el estrés y su participación en la enfermedad ovárica de mayor frecuencia en mujeres durante su vida reproductiva, el síndrome del ovario poliquístico. Presentamos una revisión de los mecanismos centrales y periféricos de regulación de la actividad nerviosa simpática y su participación en el síndrome del ovario poliquístico. Se discuten los resultados de nuestro grupo en esta área. El uso de modelos animales para estudiar la participación del estrés en la enfermedad ovárica y trasladar este conocimiento hacia pacientes con síndrome del ovario poliquístico apoya fuertemente la participación de los nervios simpáticos en la función ovárica en condiciones normales y patológicas (AU)

Síndrome de QT largo y Torsade de Pointes / Long QT and Torsade de Pointes Syndrome

El síndrome del QT largo (SQTL) es un desorden causado por el alargamiento de la fase de repolarización del potencial de acción ventricular. Los pacientes que lo padecen tienen tendencia a sufrir arritmias graves como taquicardia ventricular y torsade de pointes. Se han identificado siete tipos de SQTL congénito y otros secundarios a múltiples causas. Es fundamental la medición correcta del intervalo QT, que se discute en esta revisión, lo mismo que la epidemiología, características clínicas y diagnóstico del SQTl. El tratamiento incluye la retirada de los factores que pueden originar arritmias graves, la administración de magnesio y eventualmente potasio, la implantación de un marcapaso endovenoso transitorio y la utilización de isoproterenol en el SQTL adquirido (AU)

Efectos de la prueba de la mesa basculante y de la estimulación betaadrenérgica sobre el intervalo QT en niños sanos y en pacientes pediátricos con síncope de etiología no precisada / Effects of tilt test and beta-adrenergic stimulation on the QT interval in normal children and pediatric patients with unexplained syncope

En niños normales, las maniobras que aumentan la frecuencia cardíaca acortan el intervalo QT. La prueba de la mesa basculante aumenta la frecuencia cardíaca y debería acortar el intervalo QT en niños sanos. Se desconoce el efecto de esta prueba en niños con síncope. Se analizó el comportamiento de los intervalos RR y QT durante la prueba de la mesa basculante con isoproterenol en 3 grupos de niños: 28 sanos (grupo 1), 26 con síncope de etiología no precisada y prueba de la mesa basculante negativa (grupo 2) y 17 con síncope vasovagal (grupo 3).Durante la prueba, los intervalos RR y QT se acortaron significativamente en los grupos 1 y 2. En el grupo 3, el intervalo RR se prolongó en el momento del síncope y el intervalo QT se mantuvo constante. La prolongación del intervalo QT durante la prueba de la mesa basculante no es una característica de niños normales ni con síncope vasovagal (AU)

Actividad antioxidante de activit, una formulación herbomineral, en daños renales y cardiacos inducidos experimentalmente / Antioxidant activity of activit, a herbomineral formulation, in experimentally induced cardiac and renal damage

Se administró Activit, una formulación herbomineral, a ratas por vía oral en dosis de 125, 250, 500 y 1000 mg kg1 para investigar sus efectos en infartos de miocardio inducidos mediante isoproterenol y daños renales inducidos mediante cisplatina. El fármaco redujo los niveles de glutamato oxaloacetato transaminasa (GOT), lactato dehidrogenasa (LDH), ácido úrico y de creatina kinasa (CK) en el suero en casos de daño cardíaco inducido mediante isoproterenol.En los casos de daño renal inducido mediante cisplatina, Activit redujo los niveles séricos de creatinina, urea, nitrógeno ureico en sangre (NUS) y ácido úrico. Se descubrió además que la administración de Activit aumentó los niveles de superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT); glutatión reducido (GSH) y enzimas ligadas a la membrana tales como la Ca2+ATPasa y Na+K+ATPasa, y redujo la peroxidación lipídica (MDA) en el riñón y en el corazón en los casos de daño renal inducidos mediante cisplatina y en los de necrosis miocárdica inducida mediante isoproterenol, respectivamente. Por tanto, se puede concluir que Activit posee actividad antioxidante y que, en virtud de esa acción, puede proteger el corazón y el riñón de los daños causados por el isoproterenol y la cisplatina, respectivamente (AU)