Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 142
Filtrar
1.
An. psicol ; 39(3): 374-383, Oct-Dic, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-224939

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Aunque existen otras herramientas en español para evaluar la metacognición, no hay una versión disponible desde una pers-pectiva multidimensional como la Escala de Autoevaluación de la Metacognición(Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale, MSAS), que tiene además la ventaja de ser sencilla y rápidaen su aplicación. Objetivos:Adaptar y validar la escala MSAS al español. Método: Participaron975 voluntarios/as, 68.2% mujeres, edad media de 27.9 años (DT= 12.68). Resultados: Los valores psicométricos de la adaptación al español son adecuados, α = .830 (total), y entre α = .658 y .826 (factores). La estructura factorial original de cuatro factores (Autorreflexividad, Distancia Crítica, Maestría y Comprensión de Mentes Ajenas) muestra adecuados índices de ajuste. Sin embargo, los indicios de validez de criterio no han sido los esperados. Los indicadores de validez discriminante fueron bajos en los participantes con antecedentes psicopato-lógicos (d = .222) y tratamiento psicológico (d = .326) en el factor Auto-rreflexividad; en el factor Dominio entre los que estaban bajo tratamiento psicológico (d = .345) y tenían prescrita medicación (d = .482), y en el factor Distancia crítica para los participantes con medicación (d = .419). Conclusión: La adaptación y validación de la MSAS en español para población general parece adecuada para evaluar la metacognición y sus subcomponen-tes, abriendo un amplio campo de aplicaciones tanto clínicas como de investigación.(AU)


Background: Although there are other tools in the Spanish language for assessing metacognition, there is no other that is as quick, simple and multidimensional as the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS). Objectives:Adapt and validate the MSAS to Spanish. Method:The sample consisted of 973 volunteers, 68.3% women and mean age of 27.9 years (SD= 12.68). Results:The internal consistency of the Spanish adaptation was generally adequate with a total α = .830, and from α = .658 to .826 for the factors. The original four-factor structure (Self-Reflexivity, Critical Distance, Mastery and Understanding Other Minds) showed adequate fit indices. The evidence of concurrent criterion validity indices was not as expected. Indications of discriminant validity were the low Self-Reflexivity scores of participants with a psychopathological history (d = .222) or psychological treatment (d = .326); in Mastery by those under psychological treatment (d = .345) or medication (d = .482), and in Critical distance for medication (d = .419). Conclusion:The Spanish adaptation and validation of the MSAS seems adequate for assessing metacognition and its subcomponents in the general population, opening a wide field of clinical and research applications.(UA)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Autorrelato , Metacognição , Técnicas Psicológicas , Testes Psicológicos , Aprendizagem
2.
An. psicol ; 39(1): 10-19, Ene-Abr. 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213834

RESUMO

Los terapeutas altamente eficaces son aquellos que logran sis-temáticamente elevados niveles de éxito terapéutico. Sin embargo, aunque se contraste empíricamente dicha eficacia inter-terapeuta, todavía no se co-nocen cuáles son las conductas que explican este desempeño diferenciado. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las variables asociadas a estos tera-peutas altamente eficaces, sus definiciones, los parámetros de medida de éxito y la precisión con la que se miden los constructos de interés. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática (RS) con publicaciones entre los años 2000 y 2020 de las bases de datos Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Google Académico y ProQuest Research Library. Se seleccionaron 2784 artículos empíricos, de los cuales 31 cumplieron los cri-terios de inclusión. Los principales resultados muestran que hay casi 50 va-riables predictoras del efecto del terapeuta. Se resume y se define cada una de estas variables psicológicas y se concluye que para lograr explicar el alto nivel de éxito inter-terapeuta es necesario incrementar la validez de cons-tructo de las variables predictivas, adecuar el diseño de las investigaciones e incluir datos con respecto a la interacción entre el terapeuta y su cliente.(AU)


Highly effective therapists are clinicians who systematically achieve excellent therapeutic outcomes. Although these types of therapists can be found among different therapies, the variables that could explain their performance remain uncertain. Therefore, to clarify these variables, analyze their definition, their objective measures, and the extent to which they measure what they claim, a systematic review (SR) was conducted. Publications between 2000 and 2020 -from Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Google Scholar and ProQuest Research Library databases-were included. After analyzing 2784 empirical works, 31 studies have met the inclusion criteria. The results made it possible to identify, summarize and define almost 50 predictor variables of therapist effect. The need toincrease construct validity, to improve empirical designs and to measure therapist-client interaction is discussed.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Técnicas Psicológicas , Resultado do Tratamento , Condutas Terapêuticas , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Psicologia , Psicologia Clínica , Psicologia Social
3.
Pap. psicol ; 44(1): 28-35, Ene. 2023.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216050

RESUMO

La conveniencia o no de plantear a las víctimas la posibilidad de trabajar sobre el perdón como forma de superar el dolor de la experiencia vivida y sus consecuencias es una cuestión controvertida. Las dinámicas de presión hacia el perdón hacen más probable la revictimización y transmiten tanto culpa como un mensaje de minimización de su dolor. Un perdón mal entendido puede debilitar aún más la capacidad de protegerse de la víctima, hacerla más vulnerable y facilitar la prolongación del abuso. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar las condiciones para que el perdón sea una herramienta psicológica al servicio de la salud mental de las víctimas. El perdón es un concepto complejo, con múltiples dimensiones y posibilidades, y puede ofrecer a las víctimas un valioso recurso para superar su dolor, aunque no es esencial para el proceso de sanación de una víctima.(AU)


Whether or not it is appropriate to offer victims the possibility of working on forgiveness to overcome the pain of the lived experience and its consequences is a controversial issue. The pressure to forgive makes revictimization more likely and transmits guilt and a message of minimizing the victims’ pain. A misunderstanding of forgiveness can further weaken the victim's ability to protect him- or herself, make him or her more vulnerable, and make it easier for the abuse to continue. This paper aims to review the conditions for forgiveness to be a psychological tool for the mental health of the victims. Forgiveness is a complex concept with multiple dimensions and possibilities, and it can offer victims a valuable resource for overcoming their pain. However, it is not essential to the victim's healing process.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância/prevenção & controle , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Abuso Sexual na Infância/reabilitação , Abuso Sexual na Infância/terapia , Perdão , Vítimas de Crime , Técnicas Psicológicas , Psicologia , Psicologia da Criança , Saúde Mental
4.
Pap. psicol ; 44(1): 36-44, Ene. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216051

RESUMO

La terapia breve estratégica modelo evolucionado de Giorgio Nardone, está considerada en la actualidad como una psicoterapia que evidencia una alta eficacia y eficiencia, en una variedad de trastornos emocionales. En este artículo se presenta la historia y los fundamentos epistemológicos de la terapia breve estratégica, fundamentadas en el pensamiento sistémico, la cibernética, la teoría general de los sistemas y el constructivismo. Se analiza la evolución y desarrollo histórico desde el Mental Research Institute en Palo Alto hasta la creación del Centro en Arezzo Italia. Se presentan las bases teóricas de la terapia breve estratégica centrada en el presente y en las soluciones, partiendo de la premisa de que los intentos de solución mantienen el problema y planteando que desde la lógica estratégica siempre la solución se adapta al problema y a su objeto de estudio.(AU)


Giorgio Nardone's evolved model of brief strategic therapy is a psychotherapy that is currently considered to demonstrate high efficacy and efficiency for a variety of emotional disorders. This article presents the history and epistemological foundations of brief strategic therapy, based on systems thinking, cybernetics, general systems theory, and constructivism. The evolution and historical development are analyzed, from the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto to the creation of the Strategic Therapy Center in Arezzo Italy. The theoretical foundations of brief strategic therapy focused on the present and solutions are presented, starting from the premise that attempts at solution actually maintain the problem and proposing that based on strategic logic the solution always adapts to the problem and its object of study.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Técnicas Psicológicas , Saúde Mental , Psicoterapia Breve/história , Psicoterapia Breve/métodos , Conhecimento , Psicoterapia/métodos , Psicoterapia/tendências , Psicologia , Itália
5.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 34(1): 143-150, Ene 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-204032

RESUMO

Background: Psychologists’ increased workload over recent years hashighlighted the importance of using self-care strategies that allow theseprofessionals to become aware of and control their overall health. Despite the importance of these strategies, there is no instrument adapted formeasuring them in the Spanish population. Therefore, this study presentsan adaptation of the Self-Care Assessment for Psychologists (SCAP) scalefor the Spanish population. Method: A total of 368 professional Spanishpsychologists (Mage = 40.34, SD = 10.50) participated in the study. First, weobtained validity evidence based on the content using a panel of six experts. Second, we analyzed the dimensionality and internal consistency of theinstrument, and we obtained validity evidence based on its relationship with related constructs. Results: A bifactor structure fit the data adequately,and suitable reliability was confirmed. In addition, self-care was associatedwith lower levels of perceived stress and burnout and higher satisfactionwith life. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the SCAP is a reliable,valid instrument that supports the intended interpretation of the SCAPscores about the self-care strategies used by Spanish psychologists.


Antecedentes: el aumento de la carga de trabajo al que se han vistosometidos los/as psicólogos/as en los últimos años ha puesto de relieve laimportancia del uso de estrategias de autocuidado que permitan a estosprofesionales tomar conciencia y controlar su salud. A pesar de la relevanciade estas estrategias, en España no existe un instrumento adecuado paramedirlas. Este estudio presenta la adaptación española de la escala deAutocuidado de Psicólogos/as (SCAP). Método: 368 psicólogos/asespañoles (Medad = 40.34, DT = 10.50) participaron en el estudio. Primero,obtuvimos evidencias de validez basadas en el contenido utilizando unpanel de seis expertos/as. Finalmente, analizamos la dimensionalidad yconsistencia interna del instrumento y obtuvimos evidencias de validez enrelación con otros constructos. Resultados: la estructura bifactor se ajustóadecuadamente a los datos y la fiabilidad fue adecuada. El autocuidadose asoció con menores niveles de estrés percibido y burnout y mayorsatisfacción con la vida. CConclusiones: la versión en español del SCAPes un instrumento fiable y válido que apoya la interpretación de laspuntuaciones propuesta para la SCAP sobre las estrategias de autocuidadoutilizadas por los/as psicólogos/as españoles.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autocuidado , Psicologia , Espanha , Saúde Mental , Técnicas Psicológicas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Qualidade de Vida
7.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(5): 279-285, sept.-oct. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-199481

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Ante el fenómeno del envejecimiento de la población, los problemas de salud relacionados con la edad tales como las demencias o la discapacidad visual asociada a enfermedades crónicas han ido aumentando progresivamente. El presente trabajo describe y analiza la eficacia y viabilidad de una intervención individualizada dirigida a dos varones usuarios de un centro de día con un diagnóstico de demencia y discapacidad visual severa que les dificulta la realización de las actividades propias del centro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: El proyecto tuvo una duración de tres meses y contó con una fase de evaluación pre- y postintervención. Para la evaluación se utilizaron los instrumentos Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y un instrumento de registro observacional basado en el Dementia Categorization Recordin Observational System. La fase de intervención tuvo una duración de ocho semanas y se realizaron diferentes dinámicas adaptadas a los gustos e intereses de los participantes. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Tras la fase de intervención se observó una reducción clínicamente significativa de la sintomatología depresiva de ambos usuarios, así como una disminución en la frecuencia de conductas apáticas durante las horas que pasaban en el centro. Asimismo, se observó un aumento en las conductas de tipo prosocial y en las de implicación con las tareas realizadas. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que la personalización de las actividades que se realizan en centros a usuarios concretos incrementa la estimulación de los participantes, mejorando su bienestar mediante pequeñas adaptaciones poco costosas de las intervenciones que se realizan


INTRODUCTION: The ageing of the population has led to a progressive increase in age-related diseases, such as dementia or visual impairment, due to chronic diseases. This work describes and analyses the efficacy and feasibility of an individualised intervention carried out with two male users of a day-care centre with a diagnosis of dementia and a severe visual impairment, which made it difficult for them to take part in the regular activities of the centre. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The intervention process had a time frame of three months, and had an assessment phase before and after the intervention. For the assessment, use was made of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, and an observational tool based on the Dementia Categorization Recording Observational System. The intervention lasted for eight weeks, and consisted of different dynamics adjusted to the preferences of the participants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: After the intervention, a clinically significant reduction in the depressive symptomatology was observed for both participants, along with a reduction in the frequency of apathetic behaviour during the time they spent in the centre. Furthermore, an increase was observed in the prosocial behaviour and on the engagement with the task. The results show that the personalisation of the activities for particular users increases the stimulation of the participants, improving their well-being through small and inexpensive adaptations to the interventions that are carried out in the centres


Assuntos
Humanos , Demência/psicologia , Cegueira/psicologia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Técnicas Psicológicas/organização & administração , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Envelhecimento , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Habilidades Sociais
8.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 43(1,supl): 356-363, ene. 2020. tab
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-193329

RESUMO

The psychological well-being of higher education students is an important positive correlate of personal development and academic success. Enter in a higher education configures a period of multiple transitions that create stress and a demanding adjustment. In Portugal little is known about predictive relationships between biopsychosocial variables and psychological well-being in higher education students. Identifying predictors of psychological well-being is relevant to identify variables with positive influence in the academic context. Objective. To identify predictors of psychological well-being in Higher Education Students. Methodology. Using an exploratory, transversal and correlational study in a non-probabilistic 560-sample Students (446 women; an average of 19.6 years) from the 1st and 2nd year, of the Lisbon District. Participants' informed consent was obtained, and data analysis was quantitative, using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques. An online self-report questionnaire covering variables and measures: demographic and relational; academic; health behaviors; Mental Health Inventory; Satisfaction with Social Support Scale; and Satisfaction with Academic Life Scale were used. Results indicate that the male students, dating, good academic performance, exercise/sport, sleep seven hours, satisfaction with social support and satisfaction with academic life are significant predictors (p< .05) of psychological well-being, the last two with strong preponderance. Conclusions point at the relevance of the predictors of psychological well-being identified, that appear to be robust protective factors for higher education student's mental health. Clinical Relevance: Protective factors should be considered to complement prior information to assist mental health nurses and educators to design specific welfare promotion programs, to increase the potential of mental health and academic success


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Indicadores de Qualidade de Vida , Estudantes/psicologia , Saúde do Estudante , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , 35174 , Adaptação Psicológica , Técnicas Psicológicas/instrumentação , Estudos Transversais
9.
Span. j. psychol ; 23: e40.1-e40.12, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-200135

RESUMO

The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) has demonstrated good psychometric properties in several countries and cultures. Nevertheless, most of the previous studies that explore these properties have combined clinical and community samples. We aimed to validate the Spanish version of the SCAS in a large clinical sample (N = 130) of children and adolescents. The Spanish adaptation of the SCAS showed good internal consistency for the total scale, and good test-retest reliability for all the subscales. Furthermore, its convergent and discriminant validity were supported by significant correlations with other anxiety questionnaires (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders [SCARED], Youth Self-Report [YSR] subscales for anxiety disorders and internalizing symptomatology), and lower or non-significant correlations with depression symptoms and externalizing symptoms scales respectively. For the first time in a purely clinical sample, the original factor structure of the SCAS based on six correlated factors was confirmed. Future studies need to evaluate whether the factorial structure of the present instrument is the most suitable for use in clinical populations


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Escala de Ansiedade Manifesta , Testes Psicológicos , Técnicas Psicológicas , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia
10.
Span. j. psychol ; 23: e23.1-e23.9, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-196598

RESUMO

Can people improve their lives by smiling more, trying to have a better posture, and by thinking about good memories? Can individuals become more successful by deliberatively engaging in positive actions and thoughts? Do people feel better by following recommendations from naïve psychology? In the present article we discuss these questions, noting that although some popular interventions thought to be universally beneficial (e.g., inductions of happiness, self-affirmation, empowerment, self-distancing) can sometimes yield positive outcomes, at other times the outcomes can also be negative. Taking an empirical approach based on experimental evidence, we postulate that understanding the underlying processes discovered in the science of persuasion is the key for specifying why, when, and for whom these practical initiatives are more likely to work or to backfire


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Comunicação Persuasiva , Otimismo/psicologia , Reforço Psicológico , Felicidade , Poder Psicológico , Técnicas Psicológicas/tendências , Retroalimentação Psicológica/classificação , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Med. segur. trab ; 65(256): 199-216, jul.-sept. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202585

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente se está produciendo un acusado cambio demográfico en el que se observa un envejecimiento en la población activa. De hecho alrededor del 50% tiene 45 o más años. Resultando por tanto un desafío y una necesidad para nuestra sociedad el tratar de mejorar la calidad de vida de los trabajadores de mediana edad. OBJETIVO: Identificar y evaluar si la realización de intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo mejoran la calidad de vida de los trabajadores de mediana edad. METODOLOGÍA: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica sistemática basada en la literatura publicada desde el 2004 hasta diciembre de 2018 en varias bases de datos científicas: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCIELO y SCOPUS. RESULTADOS: La búsqueda produjo un total de 372 registros y tras la aplicación de la fórmula de búsqueda y criterios de exclusión e inclusión, se seleccionaron un total de 11 artículos (10 ensayos clínicos y 1 estudio de cohortes). Se evidenciaron resultados estadísticamente significativos en distintas intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo que lograron mejorar la calidad de vida de los trabajadores. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia recopilada en esta revisión sistemática resulta consistente respecto a la capacidad que tienen las intervenciones que fomentan la salud y el bienestar en el lugar de trabajo para mejorar la calidad de vida de los trabajadores de mediana edad. Sin embargo sería recomendable la realización de nuevos estudios para poder ampliar este campo de conocimiento


INTRODUCTION: There is currently a marked demographic change in which the active population is in aging process. Actually around 50% is 45 or older. It is therefore a challenge and a necessity for our society to try to improve the quality of life of middle-aged workers. OBJECTIVE: To identify and evaluate if the implementation of interventions improve the quality of life of middle-aged workers at the workplace. METHODS: A systematic review based on the literature published since 2004 until December 2018 has been carried out in several scientific databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCIELO and SCOPUS. RESULTS: 372 records were obtained and a total of 11 articles were selected (10 clinical trials and 1 cohort study) after the search formula application and the exclusion and inclusion criteria. There were statistically significant results in different workplace interventions that managed to improve worker's quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence compiled in this systematic review is consistent with the capacity of interventions that promote health and well-being at the workplace to improve the quality of life of middle-aged workers. It would however, be advisable to carry out new studies in order to expand this field of knowledge


Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Local de Trabalho/classificação , 16360 , População em Idade de Trabalhar , Técnicas Psicológicas , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Fatores Etários , Satisfação no Emprego , Dinâmica Populacional , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Pessoa de Meia-Idade/psicologia
12.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 19(2): 70-82, mayo 2019. tab
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-183270

RESUMO

Comportamentos antissociais tornaram-se recorrentes no ambiente escolar e se manifestado por meio de agressões físicas, verbais e simbólicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de uma intervenção, fundamentada no atendimento das necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPB), nos comportamentos pró e antissociais em aulas de Educação Física escolar. Participaram deste estudo 45 alunos e 2 professores de educação Física (PEF) divididos em Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Intervenção (GI). Os alunos responderam o Questionário de Atitudes no Esporte (QAE-23) e uma entrevista semiestruturada nos momentos pré e pós intervenção. A intervenção consistiu em uma orientação semanal com o PEF do GI durante 10 semanas, com objetivo de realizar adaptações na aula a fim de levar ao cumprimento das NPB. Para verificar diferença entre os grupos, em relação às respostas do QAE-23, nos momentos pré e pós, foi utilizado o teste T de Student e adotado nível de significância 5%. Na análise qualitativa, as entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e, posteriormente, categorizadas e analisadas. Mediante análise dos relatos obtidos pela entrevista foi possível observar percepção do atendimento das NPB e redução de comportamentos antissociais. Contudo, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para as respostas do QAE-2. Conclui-se, por meio dos relatos obtidos na entrevista, que a intervenção pautada no cumprimento das NPB possibilitou um efeito positivo em relação à redução dos comportamentos antissociais, porém, os dados quantitativos sugerem que a duração do estudo pode ter sido um fator limitante de maior efeito em relação à ausência internalização dos comportamentos


Los comportamientos antissociales se tornaron recurrentes en el ambiente escolar y se manifestaron por medio de agresiones físicas, verbales y simbólicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el efecto de una intervención, fundamentada en la atención de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB), en los comportamientos pro y antisociales en clases de Educación Física escolar. En este estudio participaron 45 alumnos y 2 profesores de educación Física (PEF) divididos en Grupo Control (GC) y Grupo Intervención (GI). Los alumnos respondieron el Cuestionario de Actitudes en el Deporte (QAE-23) y una entrevista semiestructurada en los momentos pre y post intervención. La intervención consistió en una orientación semanal con el PEF del GI durante 10 semanas, con el objetivo de realizar adaptaciones en la clase a fin de llevar al cumplimiento de las NPB. Para verificar la diferencia entre los grupos, en relación a las respuestas del QAE-23, en los momentos pre y post, se utilizó la prueba T de Student y se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5%. En el análisis cualitativo, las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y posteriormente clasificadas y analizadas. Mediante el análisis de los relatos obtenidos por la entrevista fue posible observar percepción de la atención de las NPB y reducción de comportamientos antisociales. Sin embargo, no se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos para las respuestas del QAE-2. Se concluye, por medio de los relatos obtenidos en la entrevista, que la intervención pautada en el cumplimiento de las NPB posibilitó un efecto positivo en relación a la reducción de los comportamientos antisociales, sin embargo, los datos cuantitativos sugieren que la duración del estudio puede haber sido un factor limitante de mayor efecto en relación a la ausencia de internalización de los comportamientos


The objective was to verify the effect of an intervention, based on the attendance of the basic psychological needs (NPB) and pro and antisocial behaviors in school physical education classes. Thirty-five students and two teachers of Physical Education, divided into Control Group (CG) and Intervention (GI) participated in this study. The students answered the Attitudes Questionnaire in Sport (QAE-23) and participated in a semi-structured interview in the pre-and post-intervention moments. The intervention was performed with the GI teacher for 10 weeks, aiming to promote NPB during class. The Student's t-test was used and adopted p <0.05. The interviews were categorized and analyzed. It was observed perception of NPB care and reduction of antisocial behaviors. It was concluded that intervention based on NPB compliance enabled a reduction of antisocial behavior, but the duration of the study may have been a limiting factor of greater effect in relation to the internalization of these behaviors


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Comportamento Social , Habilidades Sociais , Educação Física e Treinamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Esportes/psicologia , Autonomia Pessoal , Retroalimentação Psicológica , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Técnicas Psicológicas/estatística & dados numéricos
13.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 19(2): 209-226, mayo 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183281

RESUMO

El estudio de las variables psicológicas en el deporte es un punto clave para entender los diferentes comportamientos y resultados en el mundo del deporte, así como para desarrollar diferentes estrategias de intervención psicológica para mejorar el rendimiento. Recoger información de variables psicológicas de una forma sencilla y práctica nos permitirá conocer, en mayor profundidad, el campo de la psicología deportiva. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue reducir y validar el Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportista (CNPD) de Dosil (2005) de 30 ítems que se dividen en 4 factores: Concentración, Activación, Confianza y Motivación. Se recogió una muestra de 327 deportistas de 18 deportes diferentes y con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 54 años (M = 18.47 ; DT = 7.1). Los resultados de los análisis psicométricos mostraron una buena validez y una alta fiabilidad, obteniendo un instrumento reducido a 15 ítems y 4 factores, adecuado para su aplicación en el ámbito del deporte


The studying of psychological factors is a key element for understanding different behaviours and results in the Sports world, and also for developing different strategies of psychological intervention in order to improve the performance. Collecting data of psychological factors in a simple and practical way will allow us to have a deeper understanding of the Sports Psychology field. Therefore, the goal of this study was to simplify and validate a Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportistas (CNPD) by Dosil (20015), composed of 30 items, and divided in 4 factors: focus, activation, confidence and motivation. In order to do that, we collected a sample of 327 sportsmen and women of 18 different sports, with ages ranging between 11 and 54 (M = 18.47 ; DT = 7.1). The results of the psychometric analysis showed a good validity and a high reliability, yielding an instrument reduced just to 15 items and 4 factors, which is suitable for the Sports scope


O estudo das variáveis psicológicas no esporte é um ponto chave para perceber os diferentes comportamentos e resultados do mundo do esporte assim como para desenvolver diferentes estratégias de intervenção psicológica e para melhorar o rendimento. Recolher informação de variáveis psicólogas de um jeito simples e prático permitirá conhecer com maior profundidade o ramo da psicologia esportiva. Por isto, o objetivo deste estudo foi reduzir e validar el Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportista(CNPD) de 30 itens que são divididos em 4 fatores: Foco, ativação, confiança e motivação. Para isso foi realizada uma amostra de 327 esportistas de 18 esportes diferentes e com idades entre 11 e 54 anos(M= 18.47 ; DP= 7.1). Os resultados das análises psicométricas mostraram validez e alta fiabilidades obtendo assim um instrumento reduzido a 15 itens e 4 fatores, adequado ao ramo da Psicologia Esportiva


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde , Esportes/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Retroalimentação Psicológica/classificação , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Testes Psicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Técnicas Psicológicas/instrumentação
14.
Clín. salud ; 30(1): 13-20, mar. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180394

RESUMO

La innovación en los servicios sanitarios afronta retos en cuanto a la generación de alternativas eficaces para las crecientes necesidades de la población, así como el desarrollo de metodologías para su evaluación. El propósito de éste estudio fue determinar el retorno social de la inversión (SROI) de un tratamiento psicológico basado en la evidencia. Se llevó a cabo el análisis de un programa de intervención psicológica con un diseño que incluía medidas pre/postratamiento y un grupo control. Como resultado se obtuvo un impacto social positivo: cada euro invertido ofreció un retorno social neto de 2.98€. En conclusión, puede decirse que el SROI puede ofrecer información sobre el impacto social provocado por las intervenciones clínicas, determinando los rendimientos tangibles obtenidos con la inversión


Innovation in health care services generates the development of new initiatives. Research should focus on the development of methodologies that allow the evaluation of interventions and determine the true impact they have. The purpose of this study was to determine the social return of investment (SROI) of a health treatment. An analysis of a psychological intervention program was carried out with a design that included pre/post-treatment measures and control group. As results, a positive social impact was obtained. Each monetary unit spent offered a net social return of 2.98. In conclusion, SROI can offer information about the social impact caused by health care interventions, determining the tangible return obtained with the investment


Assuntos
Humanos , Técnicas Psicológicas , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos de Casos e Controles
16.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 19(1): 71-88, mar. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-183823

RESUMO

Some studies have presented math tasks as distractors in Delayed Matching-to-Sample (DMTS) procedures between the offset of the sample stimulus and the onset of the comparison stimuli in tests for equivalence class formation. The main findings have been a decrease in experimenter-defined correct matching performance when participants have been exposed to such distractors. Therefore, the purpose of two experiments in the present study was to extend the knowledge of how different types of distractors may or may not influence equivalence class formation in DMTS procedures. Experiments 1 and 2 were arranged as ABA designs. The A-phases were arranged without distractors and the B-phases with distractors during testing. In the test phases, dictation tasks were used as distractors in Experiment 1, while echoic tasks were used as distractors in Experiment 2. The results showed that matching accuracy and equivalence class formation were reduced in the B-phases but not in the A-phases in Experiment 1, while the echoic tasks did not influence performance in Experiment 2. The results are also discussed on the basis of the criterion of correct responding


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicometria/métodos , Testes Psicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Sujeitos da Pesquisa/psicologia , Generalização do Estímulo , Técnicas Psicológicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Pesquisador-Sujeito/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
17.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 19(1): 41-48, ene. 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184924

RESUMO

Background/Objective: Social skills training (SST) is frequently included in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in both children and adolescents, although there is no empirical evidence to support it. Consequently, our objective is to study the role and effects of SST in the treatment of a sample of adolescents with SAD. Method: A total of 108 adolescents diagnosed with generalized social phobia were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions (with and without SST) and a control group waiting list (WLCG). The evaluation included self-report measures, observational tests and blind evaluators. Results: Both interventions significantly reduced the number of social situations feared/avoided with respect to the WLCG, which worsened. Likewise, both interventions were effective but the group with SST obtained better results in the post-test and follow-ups, as well as a lower dropout rate (6:1). Conclusions: The use of SST reduces the dropout rate of treated adolescents and increases the effectiveness of the Intervention Program for Adolescents with Social Phobia


Antecedentes/Objetivo: El entrenamiento en habilidades sociales (EHS) se incluye frecuentemente en el tratamiento del trastorno por ansiedad social (TAS) tanto en niños como en adolescentes, pese a que no existe evidencia empírica que lo respalde. En consecuencia, nuestro objetivo es estudiar el papel y los efectos que produce el EHS en el tratamiento de una muestra de adolescentes con TAS. Método: Un total de 108 adolescentes diagnosticados con fobia social generalizada fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos condiciones de tratamiento (con y sin EHS) y a un grupo control lista de espera (GCLE). La evaluación incluyó medidas de autoinforme, tests observacionales y evaluadores ciegos. Resultados: Ambas intervenciones redujeron significativamente el número de situaciones sociales temidas/evitadas respecto del GCLE, que empeoró. Asimismo, ambas fueron eficaces pero el grupo con EHS obtuvo mejores resultados en el post-test y en los seguimientos, así como una tasa menor de abandonos (6:1). Conclusiones: El uso del EHS reduce la tasa de abandono de los adolescentes tratados e incrementa la eficacia del Programa de Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/reabilitação , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Fobia Social/psicologia , Fobia Social/reabilitação , Técnicas Psicológicas
18.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 24(1): e37-e46, ene. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-180404

RESUMO

Background: To assess the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention program designed to facilitate the performance of a series of steps of oral examination in children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in the Bio-Bio region, Chile. Material and Methods: A prospective, quasi-experimental study with pre-intervention, post-intervention and maintenance tests was carried out. Behavior was measured using Frankl’s scale and the number of steps of a dental examination completed (1-10 steps) was also recorded. Only 104 of the 188 subjects with ASD that agreed to participate in the study met all the inclusion criteria. Results: 82 people with ASD completed the psychoeducational intervention. The mean number of steps achieved pre- and post-intervention was 4.1 and 9.4, resulting in a clinically and statistically significant difference. Regarding behavior, the median in the pre-test was 2 (negative behavior) and in the post-test it increased to 3 (positive behavior), this difference being relevant and statistically significant. A maintenance test one month later on 63 people with ASD found no variations in behavior and in the number of examination steps completed. Conclusions: The proposed intervention was effective as an increase of more than 5 in the number of steps of examination completed was achieved. Frankl's behavior rating also increased, from negative to positive, in a group of children, adolescents and adults with ASD


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Assistência Odontológica/métodos , Diagnóstico Bucal/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Doenças da Boca/diagnóstico , Técnicas Psicológicas , Chile/epidemiologia
19.
Apuntes psicol ; 37(2): 149-158, 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193642

RESUMO

Se presenta una intervención psicológica mediante un estudio de caso utilizando una metodología de triangulación metodológica donde se combinan análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos. La participante es una estudiante de 20 años que quiere retomar con eficiencia el tocar la guitarra invirtiendo el tiempo necesario, compaginándolo adecuadamente con sus otras actividades. Se utiliza como base para la intervención psicológica el modelo de coaching motivacional "La Jirafa de Cantón" (mediante un protocolo especialmente diseñado para este modelo) y los cuestionarios de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff y el de Autoestima de Rosenberg, además de análisis cualitativos para evaluar el proceso y la finalización de la intervención. Los resultados muestran una mejora en las puntuaciones de Autoestima, con algunas mejoras en algunas dimensiones del Bienestar Psicológico, pero no en otras, que incluso tuvieron cierta desmejora (seguramente debido por una difícil situación familiar) y una mejora significativa en la motivación en relación al objetivo planteado. Estos resultados están en la línea de eficacia de otros estudios similares


We present here a case study psychological intervention; using a methodological triangulation, that combines qualitative and quantitative analysis. The subject was a 20-year-old student girl who wants to resume efficiently playing the guitar by investing the necessary time, combining it appropriately with her other activities. The motivational coaching model "Cantón's Giraffe" (using a protocol specially designed for this model), and the Ryff Psychological Wellbeing questionnaires and the Rosenberg Self-esteem questionnaire are used as a basis for psychological intervention, as well as qualitative analysis to evaluate the process and the completion of the intervention. The results show an improvement in the scores of self-esteem, with some improvements in some dimensions of psychological well-being, but not in others, which even had some deterioration (probably due to a difficult family situation) and a significant improvement in motivation in relation to the objective raised. These results are in line with the efficacy of other similar studies


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Motivação , Técnicas Psicológicas , Autoimagem , Autoestimulação , Promoção da Saúde , Tutoria/métodos
20.
Clín. salud ; 29(2): 71-80, jul. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-178471

RESUMO

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar el tratamiento psicológico en la fobia social, identificando niveles de efectividad, técnicas de intervención utilizadas, duración y costes del tratamiento. La muestra consta de 51 pacientes, de edad promedio 30.14 (DT = 8.309), mayoritariamente mujeres (60.8%), solteras (78.4%) y estudiantes (64.7%). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos para las características sociodemográficas y el coste del tratamiento. Se subdividió la muestra en dos grupos (pacientes de alta y pacientes que abandonan), analizándose diferencias entre ellos. Se efectuaron técnicas de análisis de clústers y multivariados para conocer qué técnicas predecían éxito terapéutico. Se alcanzó un 61% de éxito, con una media de 20 sesiones y 1,200€ de coste del tratamiento. Las técnicas predictivas del éxito son la exposición y el uso de otras técnicas (p < .05). Se defiende el uso de protocolos para la fobia social que incluyan las técnicas mencionadas en la clínica cotidiana


The purpose of this study is to analyze psychological treatment in social phobia, identifying levels of effectiveness, treatment length, treatment cost and techniques used. The sample consists of 51 patients, average age 30.14 (SD = 8.309), mainly women (60.8%), single (78.4%), and students (64.7%). Descriptive analyses for sociodemographic characteristics and therapy cost were performed; besides, the sample was divided into two groups (patients who achieved discharge and patients who dropped-out), and differences between the two groups were made. Finally, cluster analysis techniques were performed and multivariate analyses were conducted to know what techniques predicted therapeutic success. Of the patients, 61% are discharged, with an average duration of 20 sessions and a treatment cost of €1,200. The techniques which predict success are exposure and use of other techniques (p < .05). The use of protocols for social phobia which include the aforementioned techniques is suggested


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fobia Social/diagnóstico , Fobia Social/psicologia , Técnicas Psicológicas , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Análise Custo-Benefício/economia , Psicologia Clínica/métodos , Modelos Logísticos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...