+Literacia emocional: competências emocionais dos enfermeiros / +Emotional Literacy: Nurses Emotional Skills

O interesse pela inteligência emocional e desenvolvimento das competências emocionais tem vindo a aumentar. A iliteracia emocional gera problemas socio emocionais e conflitos (Goleman, 2010). O desenvolvimento das competências emocionais dá lugar à educação emocional e representa um dos objetivos primordiais– promover a Literacia Emocional dos Enfermeiros e consequentemente uma Saúde Mental Positiva.No âmbito da Promoção da Saúde Mental, pretende-se elaborar um Módulo “+Literacia Emocional: Competências Emocionais dos Enfermeiros” de acordo com as 5 dimensões, identificadas por Xavier e Nunes (2016): Conhecimento emocional; Autonomia emocional; Regulação emocional; Competência social; Habilidades de vida e bem-estar. A intervenção, baseada no modelo multifatorial de Saúde Mental Positiva, pretende ser um recurso para o programa de Promoção de Saúde Mental Positiva “+ por Ti”, recorrendo aos instrumentos de avaliação utilizados neste programa. A metodologia adotada tem como base o método exploratório e descritivo, com revisão sistemática da literatura. (AU)

Interest in emotional intelligence and the development of emotional skills has been increasing. Emotional illiteracy generates socio-emotional problems and conflicts (Goleman, 2010). The development of emotional competencies gives rise to emotional education and represents one of the primary objectives – to promote the Emotional Literacy of Nurses and, consequently, Positive Mental Health. Within the scope of Mental Health Promotion, this study sought to develop a Module “+Emotional Literacy: Emotional Competences of Nurses” according to the five dimensions identified by Xavier and Nunes (2016): Emotional knowledge; Emotional autonomy; Emotional regulation; Social competence; Life skills and well-being. Based on the multifactorial model of Positive Mental Health, the intervention intends to be a resource for the Promotion of Positive Mental Health programme “+ por Ti”, using the evaluation instruments used in this programme. The methodology adopted is based on the exploratory and descriptive method, with a systematic literature review. (AU)

“A beautiful mind” – Promoção da literacia em saúde mental / “A beautiful mind” - Promotion of mental health literacy

Introdução: Associado à iliteracia do que fazer para prevenir, retardar e quando procurar ajuda, perante a esquizofrenia, requer-se ao enfermeiro especialista em saúde mental um agir ético, alicerçado no conhecimento empírico, técnico-científico, envolvendo os deveres profissionais: dignidade, individualidade e autonomia. Objetivo: Promover a literacia em saúde mental, através da análise do adoecer de uma pessoa com esquizofrenia e das questões éticas associadas ao cuidar em enfermagem de saúde mental. Metodologia: Estudo de caso – filme “Uma Mente Brilhante”, de natureza qualitativa, exploratória-descritiva. Resultados e Discussão: A esquizofrenia transforma a forma de pensar, de sentir e de relação com as pessoas, conduzindo à estigmatização associada a mitos conectivos entre a doença mental e a violência, contribuindo para a dificuldade/exclusão no emprego, apoio social e procura de ajuda. Conclusão: Salienta-se a promoção da literacia do agir perante uma pessoa com esquizofrenia, e do cuidado ético em enfermagem inerente. (AU)

Introduction: Associated with the illiteracy of what to do to prevent, delay, and when to seek help, in the face of schizophrenia, the nurse specialist in mental health is required to act ethically, based on empirical, technical-scientific knowledge, involving professional duties: dignity, individuality and autonomy. Objective: To promote mental health literacy by analysing the illness of a person with schizophrenia and the ethical issues associated with mental health nursing care. Methodology: Case study – film “A Brilliant Mind”, of a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive nature. Results and Discussion: Schizophrenia transforms the way of thinking, feeling, and relating to people, leading to stigmatisation associated with connecting myths between mental illness and violence, contributing to difficulty/exclusion in employment, social support and seeking help. Conclusion: The promotion of literacy on how to act towards a person with schizophrenia, and the inherent ethical care in nursing, are highlighted. (AU)

A saúde mental na transição parental e a utilização da internet mediada pelos enfermeiros / Mental health in the parental transition and the use of the internet mediated by nurses

Enquadramento: A transição parental pode ter um significado relevante na saúde mental dos pais. Facilitar esta transição é uma importante função dos enfermeiros. A informoterapia pode beneficiar tomadas de decisão parentais. Um portal orientado para a promoção das competências parentais administrado pela internet, integrado no plano de cuidados individual, pode promover competências parentais, neste caso, relativamente à segurança do recém-nascido. Objetivos: Definir um modelo de dados relativo às oportunidades de desenvolvimento do conhecimento parental sobre segurança do recém-nascido articulado com a ontologia de enfermagem, definir conteúdos multimédia necessários para uma literacia promotora da transição parental saudável. Metodologia: Análise de conteúdo ao material usado nos cursos de preparação e apoio à parentalidade e gravidez em funcionamento nos anos 2020 e 2021, no âmbito das Unidades de Cuidados na Comunidade dos Centros de Saúde da Boavista e de Paranhos. O processo de análise foi realizado por 3 investigadores sem modelo de análise à priori. Resultados: Relativamente ao conhecimento sobre segurança, foram identificadas duas categorias: segurança rodoviária e segurança não rodoviária. Na categoria segurança rodoviária foram definidas vinte subcategorias do conhecimento. Para cada subcategoria determinaram-se questões a colocar aos pais e o elenco de respostas indicativas de conhecimento facilitador ou potencial para melhorar o conhecimento. Conclusões: O conhecimento associado à transição parental pode ser alterado pela ação do enfermeiro através da informoterapia. O uso da internet mediado pelo enfermeiro pode promover a literacia em saúde como parte do processo de cuidados, facilitando a mestria dos pais e a perceção da sua saúde mental. (AU)

Background: Parental transition can impact parents’ mental health. Facilitating this transition process is an essential role of nurses. Information therapy can benefit parental decision-making. A website oriented towards the promotion of parenting skills administered over the internet, integrated into the individual care plan, can promote parenting skills such as newborn safety. Objectives: To define a data model regarding the opportunities for developing parental knowledge about newborn safety, articulated with a nursing ontology, and to define multimedia content appropriated for literacy that promotes a healthy parental transition. Methodology: A content analysis on the material used in parenting and pregnancy courses was carried out under the scope of Boavista and Paranhos Health Centers in 2020 and 2021. The analysis was performed by three independent researchers without a prior analysis model. Results: In the domain of parents’ knowledge about newborn safety, two categories were identified: newborn safety in traffic and newborn safety other than traffic. In the newborn safety in the traffic category, twenty subcategories of knowledge were identified. For each subcategory, a set of questions were defined to be answered by parents and a set of possible answers that represents accurate knowledge and lack of knowledge on each issue. Conclusions: Parents’ knowledge about newborn safety can be modified by nursing therapeutics using information therapy. Nurse-mediated internet use can promote health literacy as part of the care process by facilitating parents’ mastery and perception of their mental health. (AU)

Literacia em saúde e consumo de substâncias psicoativas em jovens

Introdução: O consumo de substâncias psicoativas pelos jovens tornou-se uma questão inquietante para a enfermagem. Sabendo que a Literacia em Saúde (LS) é a capacidade das pessoas adquirirem conhecimento de modo a tomarem decisões relativamente à prevenção da doença e promoção de saúde, surgiu a questão: qual a relação entre a LS e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas nos jovens? Objetivos: Caracterizar a LS, o consumo de substâncias psicoativas e a sua relação. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, descritivo e correlacional. Amostra de conveniência com 103 jovens. Instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Literacia em Saúde e Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. O tratamento de dados foi realizado através do SPSS 25. Resultados e discussão: Amostra maioritariamente do sexo feminino (82,5%) e estudantes (62,1%), cuja média de idades é 21,05 anos. As substâncias mais consumidas são o álcool (75%), o tabaco (50,5%), a cannabis (35%) e as benzodiazepinas (22,5%). Verificaram-se policonsumos (álcool, tabaco e cannabis). O grau de LS é desadequado, e não se verificaram associações entre o consumo de substâncias e o grau de literacia. Detetaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativa entre o consumo de benzodiazepinas e a situação profissional, verificando-se que as pessoas desempregadas têm maior consumo de benzodiazepinas. Conclusão: Urge intervir na promoção da LS dos jovens, com a finalidade de os motivar a diminuir ou parar o consumo de substâncias que possam comprometer a sua saúde. Sugerem-se estudos com amostras maiores e analisar outras variáveis que contribuam para estes comportamentos aditivos. (AU)

Introduction: The consumption of psychoactive substances by young people has become a topic of great concern for nursing. Knowing that Health Literacy (HL) is the ability of people to acquire knowledge to make decisions regarding disease prevention and health promotion, the question arose: what is the relationship between HL and the consumption of psychoactive substances in young people? Objectives: To characterize HL, the consumption of psychoactive substances and their relationship. Methodology: Exploratory, descriptive, and correlational study. Convenience sample with 103 young people. Instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Health and Alcohol Literacy Scale, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Data processing was performed using SPSS 25. Results and discussion: The sample was primarily female (82.5%) and students (62.1%), with an average age of 21.05. The most consumed substances were alcohol (75%), followed by tobacco (50.5%), cannabis (35%) and benzodiazepines (22.5%). Also, polyconsumption (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) was observed. The degree of HL is inadequate, and there were no associations between substance use and the degree of literacy. However, statistically significant differences were found between the consumption of benzodiazepines and the professional situation, concluding that unemployed people have a higher consumption of benzodiazepines. Conclusion: It is urgent to intervene in the promotion of HL in young people to motivate them to reduce or stop the consumption of substances that may compromise their health. Further studies with larger samples and analysing other variables that contribute to these addictive behaviours are suggested. (AU)

Covid-19 e o treinador de desporto: entre a adversidade e a capacitação psicológica / Covid-19 and the Sports Coach: between adversity and psychological empowerment

Introdução: A situação pandémica da COVID-19 colocou à prova a saúde mental, em particular, de atletas jovens e de seus treinadores, envolvendo todos numa incerteza permanente e global, e forçando-os a enfrentar adversidades, gerir emoções e relações e a testar orientações sanitárias e novas soluções. Objetivos: Identificar as principais alterações na perceção do papel social e no funcionamento psicológico do treinador de desporto, produzidas pelo prolongado período pandémico. Métodos: Entrevistas semiestruturadas a quatro treinadores especialistas na formação de atletas jovens de diferentes modalidades desportivas, com idades compreendidas entre os 34 e os 63 anos (M=48,0). Resultados: Foram identificadas as ações prioritárias, os recursos pessoais e sociais mobilizados, aprendizagens efetuadas e dificuldades sentidas enquanto procuraram lidar com os variados constrangimentos surgidos. Conclusão: Da adversidade vivenciada, decisiva da capacitação efetuada, decorrem implicações sobre a necessidade de atualização dos programas de formação de treinadores bem como para a intervenção psicológica com essa população. (AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic tested the mental health of young athletes and their coaches, involving everyone in permanent and global uncertainty, forcing them to face adversity, manage emotions and relationships and check health guidelines and new solutions. Objectives: To identify the perceived main changes in sports coaches’ social role and psychological functioning produced by the prolonged pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with four coaches specialized in training young athletes from different sports, aged between 34 and 63 years (M=48.0). Results: Priority actions, personal and social resources mobilized, lessons learned, and difficulties experienced while dealing with the various emerging constraints were identified. Conclusion: Considering the adversity experienced, which is recognized as decisive for psychological empowerment, there are some implications: the need to update educational programmes for coaches and psychological intervention with this population. (AU)

Promoção da literacia e saúde mental positiva: Estudo quase-experimental com adolescentes em contexto esco / Promotion of literacy and positive mental health: A quasi-experimental study with adolescents in a school context

Introdução: As intervenções de enfermagem de promoção da saúde mental positiva (SMP)em adolescentes aumentam a autoestima, as habilidades socio emocionais e a capacidade de resolução de problemas dos jovens, diminuem o estigma, e permitem incrementar a esperança. Objetivos: Analisar uma intervenção de promoção de saúde mental positiva em adolescentes em contexto escolar. Metodologia: Estudo quase-experimental com pré e pós-teste, numa amostra não probabilística de 72 adolescentes. Foi aplicado um programa de SMP por enfermeiros especialistas de saúde mental no grupo experimental. Para a recolha de dados foi usado questionário de autopreenchimento online que continha todos os instrumentos de medida, aplicados ao grupo experimental antes e depois da intervenção de promoção de saúde mental positiva. Resultados: Verificou-se melhoria da SMP, diminuição do estigma, diminuição da vulnerabilidade psicológica e aumento dos níveis de esperança. Conclusão: A intervenção de enfermagem de promoção da saúde mental positiva teve uma forte adesão dos adolescentes e uma melhoria nos indicadores de saúde mental estudados (AU)

Introduction: Nursing interventions to promote positive mental health (PMH) in adolescents increase self-esteem socio-emotional and problem-solving skills of young people, reduce stigma and increase hope. Objective: To analyse the programme’s effectiveness in promoting adolescents’ positive mental health in a school context. Methodology: A Quasi-experimental study using pre and post-test in a non-probabilistic sample of 72 adolescents. A PMH programme was applied by specialist mental health nurses in the experimental group. An online self-completion questionnaire was used for data collection, which contained the measurement instruments applied to the experimental group before and after the PMH intervention. Results: There was an improvement in PMH, a decrease in stigma, a decrease in psychological vulnerability and an increase in levels of hope. Conclusion: The positive mental health promotion nursing intervention had a strong adherence by adolescents and improved the mental health indicators under study. (AU)

Similitudes y diferencias entre el Diario del año de la peste y la enfermedad por COVID-19 / Similarities and differences between a Journal of the plague year and COVID-19

La literatura sobre enfermedad –particularmente, sobre epidemias- cuenta con numerosos recursos a la hora de permitirnos profundizar en el conocimiento de la noxa desde un punto de vista no sólo nosológico, sino también sociológico. El presente trabajo analiza éstos y otros aspectos relevantes que se pueden extraer de la lectura de «El Diario del año de la peste», en contraposición a la situación derivada de la pandemia por el Sars-Cov-2. Se han encontrado similitudes significativas entre ambos procesos, sobre todo en lo relativo a las medidas públicas adoptadas y la respuesta social, así como diferencias sustanciales que pueden tener su base en el desarrollo científico-tecnológico que ha culminado en la obtención de las vacunas frente a la Covid 19 en un tiempo récord. Si bien cada epidemia es única, su estudio comparado puede aportar una visión global que sirva de aprendizaje y guía para afrontar posibles crisis sanitarias futuras. (AU)

Literature about disease –particularly about epidemics- involves numerous resources that allow us to deepen our knowledge of the noxa not only from a nosological point of view, but also from a sociological one. This paper analyzes these and other relevant aspects that can be extracted from the reading of "A Journal of the Plague Year", as opposed to the situation derived from the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic. Significant similarities have been found between both processes, especially regarding to the public measures adopted and the social response, as well as substantial differences that may be based on the scientific-technological development that has culminated in obtaining vaccines against Covid 19 in the shortest time. Although each epidemic is unique, its comparative study can provide us with a global vision that coud helps us learn and guide us when facing possible future health crises. (AU)

Sobre la vocación médica a través de opiniones tomadas de la literatura médica y de ficción / The medical vocation through literatura

La vocación es una cualidad que define al buen médico y está presente en los profesionales sanitarios de referencia. La vocación médica puede definirse de varias formas, pero tal vez alcance un amplio consenso la que propone que es una motivación profunda de servicio al enfermo y a la sociedad que está determinada por las vivencias y el entorno. Si bien la mayoría de médicos y estudiantes de medicina invocan la vocación y el atractivo intelectual para su elección, no es menos cierto que el azar o la pertenencia a un determinado grupo social pueden ser decisivos en algunos casos. Los literatos, por su parte, suelen atribuir a sus personajes valores tradicionales de la medicina y de la vocación médica como el altruismo o la empatía, así como algunos estereotipos de la imagen de la profesión

The vocation is a value intangible that defines the good doctor and is present in the reference healthcare professionals. The medical vocation can be defined in several ways, a broad consensus of acceptance for the one that proposes it as a deep motivation of service to the patient and society which is determined by the experiences and the environment. While most physicians and medical students invoke the vocation and intellectual appeal for their choice, it is not less true that the chance or being part of certain social groups can be decisive in some cases. The writers, on the other hand, usually attribute traditional values of medicine and medical vocation to their characters such as altruism or empathy, as well as some stereotypes of the profession's

The Spanish flu and the fiction literature / La gripe española de 1918 y la literatura de ficción

This review focuses on the fictional literature in which the Spanish flu is represented either as an anecdotal or as a historical aspect and the effect on the author or fictional character. We examine this sociocultural period in the press and mainly in Anglo-Saxon literary works and from other countries, including Spanish and Latin American literature that is not very represented in some international reviews on the subject. Also, we include books about the previous and subsequent influenza pandemics to the Spanish flu

Esta revisión se centra en la literatura de ficción en la que la gripe española se representa como un aspecto anecdótico o histórico y el efecto sobre el autor o el personaje ficticio. Examinamos este período sociocultural en la prensa y principalmente en obras literarias anglosajonas y de otros países, incluida la literatura española y latinoamericana que no está muy representada en algunas revisiones internacionales sobre el tema. Además, incluimos libros sobre las pandemias de influenza anteriores y posteriores a la gripe española

Ser médico desde dos lenguajes diferentes: el literario y el cinematográfico / To be a doctor from two different languages: literary and cinematographic

El presente trabajo aborda la condición de ser médico desde dos lenguajes diferentes: el literario y el cinematográfico, sintetizando aspectos registrados en la bibliografía sobre este tema y cotejándolos con lo citado en un filme documental español reciente que alterna históricas filmaciones de médicos virtuosos con las respectivas aportaciones de destacados profesionales de la Medicina

This paper addresses the condition of being a doctor from two different languages: literary and cinematographic by synthesizing aspects bibliographically recorded on this issue and comparing it with that cited in a recent Spanish documentary film where historical filming of virtuous doctors alternates with the corresponding considerations of leading medical professionals

"A Weight of Carrion Flesh": Measuring Disgust, Shakespearean Mimesis

The present article argues that a Shakespearean poetics of disgust unveils a deeper concern in his work with the moral and social limits of the emotions. The essay first looks into a well-known treatise on physiology and psychology, Thomas Wright’s The Passions of the Minde in Generall (1601, 1604), in relation to Renaissance theories of poetry and Shakespeare’s figurations of disgust in Hamlet (1601), King Lear (1604), The Winter’s Tale(1611) and Timon of Athens (1607). Its aim is to explore the capacity of metaphors and tropes, in both medical and poetic discourse, to test affective intensity, as measuring the passions was considered a necessary condition for moral and social well-being. In Shakespeare’s plays the moral dimension of disgust is often put to question by the aesthetic element inherent in poetic mimesis, which tends to depict the disgusting as a source of pleasure. The essay’s second part turns to The Merchant of Venice (1596) to assess, through the trajectories of disgust that sustain the rivalry be-ween the merchant Antonio and the moneylender Shylock, a second notion of mimesis: the envious emulation of others’ ways of feeling that cultural theorists like René Girard (1991) have signposted as the core of Shakespeare's modernity. In broad-er terms, this study points to the centrality of the these two notions of mimesis for an understanding of the early modern phenomenology of the emotions

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Ulises en la literatura médica / Ulysses in the medical literatura

INTRODUCCIÓN: Es frecuente el empleo de manifestaciones culturales como origen de descriptores en el campo de las ciencias de la salud. La historia de Odiseo (Ulises) es una de las obras más antiguas e influyentes de la literatura universal y ha dado lugar a múltiples creaciones posteriores, con un fuerte arraigo en la cultura popular. OBJETIVO: Ponderar el uso del relato de Odiseo en la literatura médica, describir los términos en los que se emplea y discutir la pertinencia de estos. DESARROLLO: Tras una revisión en PubMed, se hallaron 112 publicaciones de carácter médico con referencias al mito de Odiseo, de un total de 343 resultados. Se recogen hasta cinco entidades diferentes directamente nombradas a partir de Ulises (tres síndromes de Ulises, el contrato de Ulises y el conflicto de Ulises), y dos más sobre otros personajes que forman parte de su ciclo (síndrome de Elpenor y síndrome de Penélope), las cuales analizamos de forma crítica respecto al material original del que se parte. CONCLUSIONES: La historia de Odiseo constituye una de las fuentes de inspiración más frecuentes en la medicina, tanto para la elaboración de descriptores como para el empleo de símiles, metáforas u otras figuras retóricas, particularmente en el área de las neurociencias

INTRODUCTION: Cultural manifestations are frequently used as a source of descriptors in the field of the health sciences. The story of Odysseus (Ulysses) is one of the oldest and most influential works of world literature and has given rise to many subsequent creations, with strong roots in popular culture. AIMS: To consider the use of the story of Odysseus in the medical literature, to describe the terms in which it is used, and to discuss its relevance. DEVELOPMENT: From a review performed in PubMed, 112 medical publications with references to the myth of Odysseus were found, out of a total of 343 results. Five different conditions named directly after Ulysses were found (three Ulysses syndromes, the Ulysses contract and the Ulysses conflict), together with two others that have been given the names of other characters who are part of the same cycle (Elpenor syndrome and Penelope syndrome), which we analyse in a critical manner referring to the original material from which they have been taken. CONCLUSIONS: The story of Odysseus constitutes one of the most frequent sources of inspiration in medicine, both for the creation of descriptors and for the use of similes, metaphors or other rhetorical figures, particularly in the area of neuroscience

La universidad y los estudios de medicina en El árbol de la ciencia, de Pío Baroja / The university and the medical studies in El árbol de la ciencia of Pío Baroja

En los últimos años ha aumentado el interés por las obras literarias como un elemento importante para comprender mejor los aspectos subjetivos del proceso de enfermar. Asimismo, se ha reconocido su valor docente en los estudios de ciencias de la salud para facilitar una visión global de la vivencia de la enfermedad. Las obras de los médicos escritores tienen la ventaja adicional de que permiten observar la realidad que vivieron bajo el doble prisma de la literatura y la medicina. En el presente artículo se muestra una visión de la formación médica durante la restauración borbónica en opinión de uno de los escritores españoles más importantes del siglo XX, Pío Baroja, a través de su novela El árbol de la ciencia, de marcado carácter autobiográfico, y de sus memorias. En ambas obras muestra una visión muy pesimista de la formación y de los profesores de la época, que es contrastada con las opiniones de otros autores. Se concluye que las obras literarias tienen interés para explicar situaciones históricas específicas, pero deben analizarse en comparación con las fuentes históricas para valorar el componente subjetivo del autor en su justa medida

In the last decades, the interest of literary works as an element to enhance the knowledge in the subjective issues of disease process has increased. Moreover, its pedagogical value in the teaching of health science students has been recognized to allow a better understanding of how patients feel their disease. The works of physicians-writers have the additional interest that they permit to observe the reality of their time under the double approach of literature and medicine. The present article shows a view of the medical training during the Spanish Restoration following the opinion of one of the most important Spanish writers of the twentieth century, Pío Baroja. For this purpose, we review his novel El árbol de la ciencia, an autobiographical work, as well as his personal memoirs. In both, Baroja had a high pessimistic view of his medical training and of his university professors that has been compared with data from other authors. We conclude that literary works of physicians-writers are of interest to learn about their specific time but should be compared with historical sources to evaluate the subjective component of each author in the right way

La literatura en los estudios de la salud / Literature in health sciences teaching

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Los inicios de la radiología en Málaga / The beginnings of radiology in Malaga

El descubrimiento de los rayos X se conoció en Málaga el 2 de marzo de 1896 mediante la prensa local, que recoge además diversas noticias sobre el uso de los rayos X y evidencias del uso literario del descubrimiento de Roentgen por periodistas y escritores de esa época. Entre ellas, destaca la existencia de un periódico administrativo y de intereses generales denominado Los Rayos X. Los primeros equipos de rayos X se instalaron progresivamente en los hospitales de la época, y la primera instalación en un gabinete médico privado data de 1900. En Málaga, la asimilación y evolución del uso diagnóstico y terapéutico de la radiología fue lenta y con peculiaridades determinadas por las circunstancias sociales, económicas y culturales de la época. La presencia de médicos relevantes y con voluntad de superación consiguió elevar la práctica médica a un nivel similar al de otras ciudades de parecidas características

On March 2, 1896, the local press in Malaga reported the discovery of X-rays, relating various news items about the use of X-rays and literature about Roentgen's discovery by journalists and other authors. Outstanding among these writings was a periodical directed at the administration and general public called Los Rayos X. Progressively, the first X-ray machines were installed in hospitals during this period, and the first installation in a private medical clinic took place in 1900. In Malaga, the assimilation and progression of the diagnostic and therapeutic use of radiology was slow and affected by peculiarities owing to the social, economic, and cultural circumstances of the period. Influential physicians willing to overcome resistance to advances were able to bring medical practice in Malaga to a level similar to that of other cities

Las alucinaciones visuales en la obra de Oliver Sacks / Visual hallucinations in the works of Oliver Sacks

Introducción: Las alucinaciones visuales constituyen una de las manifestaciones más singulares de diversas situaciones clínicas, ya sea en el ámbito de las enfermedades mentales, de las alteraciones físicas o del consumo de drogas. Sin embargo, el análisis detallado de su vivencia en relación con las causas que pueden producirlas es poco frecuente. Objetivo: Considerar la representación de las alucinaciones visuales en las publicaciones del neurólogo y escritor Oliver Sacks, con especial atención a su obra Hallucinations. Desarrollo: Las alucinaciones han llamado la atención de la cultura, la religión y el arte, lo que ha conllevado múltiples interpretaciones. El interés de Sacks por la percepción de las sensaciones le llevó a investigar los mecanismos por los que se producen las alucinaciones, debido al escaso conocimiento que se tenía sobre el tema. Las alucinaciones aparecieron ya en obras como Migraine, Awakenings o A leg to stand on. En Musicophilia abordó las alucinaciones auditivas, y en Hallucinations las consideró de forma monográfica. En esta última obra, Sacks analizó especialmente las presentes en el síndrome de Charles Bonnet, en situaciones de privación sensorial y en pacientes con epilepsia, las precipitadas por la levodopa y las causadas por drogas de abuso. Conclusiones: Hallucinations es una de las obras de Oliver Sacks con mayor contenido neurooftalmológico. La descripción de las alucinaciones de sus pacientes o las experimentadas en su propia piel y la reflexión sobre el mundo de la percepción hacen de Hallucinations una de las obras más fascinantes de Sacks

Introduction: Hallucinations are one of the most bizarre experiences in several diseases. They appear in mental diseases as well as in physical illnesses and may be the consequence of the usage of drugs of abuse. However, a detailed analysis of how patients feel under hallucinations caused by different diseases is uncommon. Aim: This article analyses how visual hallucinations are considered in the works of the neurologist and writer Oliver Sacks, with special attention to his book Hallucinations. Development: Hallucinations have been under consideration by culture, religion and arts, which has led to multiple interpretations. Sackss interest in perception of sensations led him to work on the analysis of hallucinations, given the limited knowledge on the topic. References to hallucinations appeared in several of his books like Migraine, Awakenings and A leg to stand on. In Musicophilia Sacks approached the auditory hallucinations and in Hallucinations he considered them in depth. In the latter work, Sacks analyses especially those present in Charles Bonnet syndrome, in situations of sensory deprivation, in patients with epilesy, those present during treatment with levodopa and those caused by drug of abuse. Conclusions: Hallucinations is one of Sacks’s books with greater neuroophthalmological content. The descriptions of the hallucinations of his patients or those experienced by himself, as well as the reflective analysis on the world of perception make this book one of the most fascinating works of Oliver Sacks

Lesiones oftálmicas en La Ilíada de Homero / Ophthalmic injuries in The Iliad of Homer

No disponible

Sentido cultural y personal de la enfermedad según Thomas Mann / Cultural and personal sense of the disease according to Thomas Mann / Sentido cultural e pessoal da doença segundo Thomas Mann

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una noción del concepto de enfermedad desde un enfoque humanístico y no científico. Frente a una perspectiva de ciencia fundada en experimentación y tecnología, proponemos una deliberación que integre el paradigma artístico-literario. Se aplica un análisis hermenéutico sobre el tópico de la enfermedad en la narrativa de Thomas Mann para describir sus funciones predominantes. El resultado es la revisión de las relaciones convencionales entre cultura, vida y salud, frente al significado propuesto por el autor. La reinterpretación de las posibilidades de la enfermedad se traslada de la expresión física a la dimensión metafísica. Las conclusiones proponen la afinidad de épocas entre el presente del autor y la nuestra, así como la integración de los saberes humanísticos y el uso del recurso literario-imaginativo para la terapia del profesional de la salud

The objective of this article is to present a notion of the concept of disease from a humanistic and non-scientific approach. Faced with a perspective of science based on experimentation and technology, we propose a deliberation that integrates the artistic-literary paradigm. A hermeneutic analysis is applied on the topic of the disease in Thomas Mann's narrative to describe its predominant functions. The result is the revision of the conventional relationships between culture, life and health, compared to the meaning proposed by the author. The reinterpretation of the possibilities of the disease is transferred from the physical expression to the metaphysical dimension. The conclusions propose the affinity of times between the present of the author and ours, as well as the integration of humanistic knowledge and the use of the literary-imaginative resource for the therapy of the health profesional

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma noção do conceito de doença a partir de uma abordagem humanista e não científica. Diante de uma perspectiva da ciência baseada na experimentação e na tecnologia, propomos uma deliberação que integre o paradigma artístico-literário. Uma análise hermenêutica do tópico da doença é aplicada na narrativa de Thomas Mann para descrever suas funções predominantes. O resultado é a revisão das relações convencionais entre cultura, vida e saúde, em relação ao significado proposto pelo autor. A reinterpretação das possibilidades da doença é transferida da expressão física para a dimensão metafísica. As conclusões propõem a afinidade dos tempos entre o presente do autor e o nosso, bem como a integração do conhecimento humanístico e o uso do recurso literário-imaginativo para a terapia do profissional de saúde

La parálisis cerebral en la literatura, el cine y la televisión / Cerebral palsy in literature, cinema and televisión

Introducción. La parálisis cerebral se define como un grupo de trastornos del desarrollo del movimiento y la postura que limitan la actividad de la persona, que se deben a alteraciones no progresivas que se produjeron en el cerebro fetal o infantil en desarrollo en los primeros años de vida y que se acompaña con frecuencia de epilepsia, alteraciones cognitivas, sensoriales, de la comunicación o el comportamiento. La parálisis cerebral se ha mostrado en la literatura, el cine y la televisión, y este estudio tiene por objetivo conocer cómo se ha representado en estos medios. Desarrollo. La parálisis cerebral se ha representado en la literatura, el cine y la televisión de manera exhaustiva y con mayor o menor acierto. Se ha mostrado la sintomatología, las vivencias de pacientes, familiares y cuidadores, los tratamientos, los productos de apoyo, las barreras arquitectónicas o las relaciones sociales y laborales. En ocasiones, la representación se ha realizado de forma muy ajustada a la realidad, mientras que en otros casos se han amplificado los aspectos más dramáticos para dar consistencia a la trama. Conclusiones. La parálisis cerebral se ha representado ampliamente en obras de ficción y testimonio, cómics, películas, cortometrajes, documentales y series de televisión, en ocasiones de manera muy realista, mientras que en otras se ha podido contribuir a incrementar el estigma ofreciendo una visión distorsionada de la realidad, pero que en cualquier caso han contribuido a dar visibilidad a este cuadro patológico

Introduction. Cerebral palsy is defined as a group of developmental disorders affecting movement and posture that limit a person's activity. They due to non-progressive alterations that occurred in the developing foetal or infant brain in the early years of life and are often accompanied by epilepsy and cognitive, sensory, communication or behavioural disorders. Cerebral palsy has been portrayed in literature, cinema and television, and this study aims to explore how it has been represented in these media. Development. Cerebral palsy has frequently been represented in literature, cinema and television and with varying degrees of realism. The symptoms, the experiences of patients, relatives and caregivers, treatments, supporting products, architectural barriers or social and labour relations have all been portrayed. Sometimes they have been represented in a way that is very close to reality, while in other cases the most dramatic aspects have been amplified to add to the plot. Conclusions. Cerebral palsy has been widely represented in works of fiction and testimonies, comics, films, short films, documentaries and television series, sometimes in a very realistic way, while in others it has been done in a way that may increase the stigma surrounding this condition by offering a distorted vision of reality. Nevertheless, in any event they have helped to make this condition more visible

Gerardo Diego y los Juegos Florales en honor a San Juan de Dios en la revista "Paz y Caridad" (Granada, 1950) / No disponible

En este artículo se estudia el contexto en que fue presentado el poema "Amor de Caridad" de Gerardo Diego, dedicado a San Juan de Dios, con el cual el poeta santanderino ganó en 1950 los Juegos Florales, celebrados en Granada, con motivo del IV centenario de la muerte del santo. Se exponen las bases, la convocatoria y el fallo del Jurado que otorgó el primer premio a Gerardo Diego; el segundo y el tercero fueron ganados, respectivamente, por Manuel Benítez Carrasco y Francisco Romero López. Ofrecemos comentarios sobre el poema y su transcripción tal y como fue publicado en la revista "Paz y Caridad" (1950). En las obras completas del poeta figura este poema con el título "A San Juan de Dios"

In this article we study the context in which the poem "Amor de Caridad" by Gerardo Diego was presented. The poet, born in Santander, dedicated the poem to San Juan de Dios and won, in 1950, the Floral Games which took place in Granada, on the occasion of the fourth centenary of the death of the saint. The bases, the convocation and the decision of the jury, that awarded first prize to Gerardo Diego, are exposed. Second and third prizes were won, respectively, by Manuel Benítez Carrasco and Francisco Romero López. We also offer comments about the poem and its transcription as it was published in the magazine "Peace and Charity" (1950). In the complete works of the poet this poem appears with the title "To San Juan de Dios"

Neste artigo estudamos o contexto em que opoema "Amor à Caridade" de GerardoDiego, dedicado a San Juan de Dios, com oqual o poeta do Santander ganhou em 1950 os Jogos Florais, realizado em Granada, por ocasião do IV centenário da morte do santo. As bases, a convocação e a decisão do Júri que premiou o primeiro prêmio a Gerardo Diego estão expostos, o segundo e o terceiro foram ganhos, respectivamente, por Manuel Benítez Carrasco e Francisco Romero López. Oferecemos comentários sobre o poema e sua transcrição como foi publicado na revista "Paz e Caridade" (1950). Nas obras completas do poeta este poema aparece com o título "A San Juan de Dios"