Perfil clínico y abuso de metanfetamina no recreativa (shabú) entre los pacientes con ictus en la población filipina / Clinical profile and non-recreational methamphetamine abuse (shabu) among stroke patients in the Philippine population

Introducción En la población filipina de Barcelona está aumentando el consumo crónico no recreativo de metanfetaminas (shabú). La población asiática presenta un patrón de ictus diferente, con mayor incidencia de hemorragias, y diferentes factores de riesgo vascular y conductas de salud. El objetivo es describir el perfil de ictus e incidencia de consumo de metanfetaminas en pacientes de origen filipino ingresados en nuestro centro. Pacientes y métodos Se registraron datos demográficos, factores de riesgo vascular, datos clínicos y pronóstico. Se analizó la exposición a metanfetamina en muestras de plasma recogidas en el ingreso, que se analizaron por cromatografía líquida-espectrometría de masas. Resultados Del total de 6.418 pacientes con ictus, se identificó a 73 pacientes filipinos (1,1%). La edad media era de 54,4 ± 12,1 años, el 54% eran hombres y el ictus era isquémico en el 64,4%. La hipertensión arterial fue el principal factor de riesgo. Diez (13,7%) pacientes dieron positivo a metanfetamina y anfetamina. Estos resultados confirman un consumo reciente de sustancias previo al ictus, principalmente en hombres (80%). En pacientes consumidores, un 60% presentaba un ictus hemorrágico, con mal pronóstico funcional a tres meses en el 55,6% de los pacientes. Conclusiones En nuestro medio, los pacientes de etnia filipina ingresados por ictus en relación con consumo de shabú presentaron un perfil de edad más joven, con menor prevalencia de factores de riesgo vascular y predominio del subtipo hemorrágico. Se recomienda la determinación de metanfetamina en los pacientes filipinos con ictus debido a la alta prevalencia del consumo de metanfetamina en nuestro país. (AU)

INTRODUCTION Chronic non-recreational use of methamphetamine (shabú) is increasing among the Filipino population in Barcelona. The Asian population presents a different stroke pattern, with a higher incidence of haemorrhage, and different vascular risk factors and health behaviours. The objective of this study is to describe the stroke profile and incidence of methamphetamine use in patients of Filipino origin admitted to our centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS Demographic data, vascular risk factors, clinical data and prognosis were recorded. Methamphetamine exposure was analysed in plasma samples collected on admission, which were then analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of a total of 6,418 stroke patients, 73 (1.1%) were identified as being of Filipino origin. The mean age was 54.4 ± 12.1 years, 54% were male and the stroke was ischaemic in 64.4% of cases. Arterial hypertension was the main risk factor. Ten (13.7%) patients tested positive for methamphetamine and amphetamine. These results confirm recent substance use prior to the stroke, mostly in men (80%). In patients who were consumers, 60% had a haemorrhagic stroke, with a poor functional prognosis at three months in 55.6% of patients. CONCLUSIONS In our setting, patients of Filipino ethnicity admitted for stroke related to the consumption of shabú belonged a younger age bracket, with a lower prevalence of vascular risk factors and a predominance of the haemorrhagic subtype. Methamphetamine testing in Filipino stroke patients is recommended due to the high prevalence of methamphetamine use in our country. (AU)

Perceived Physical Education Teachers’ Emotional Support and its direct interrelation to Learners’ Academic Resilience / Apoyo Emocional Percibido de los Profesores de Educación Física y su interrelación directa con la Resiliencia Académica de los Alumnos

Academic resiliency is a learner's ability to overcome scholastic setbacks. Additionally, it was discovered that instructors' emotional support can boost academic resilience. However, these studies are predominantly vast in the elementary and secondary level, and are not connected to Physical Education in the Higher Education Context. This study has utilized two distinct questionnaires: Teacher’s Emotional Support Scale (TESS) and Academic Resiliency Scale (ARS-30). After performing Multiple Regression, it was observed that Teacher’s Emotional Support predicts Academic Resiliency, suggesting that teacher’s emotional support has a direct and significant influence to academic resiliency. Furthermore, it was discovered that Teacher’s Sensitivity and Regard to Adolescent Perspective has a direct influence to learners’ academic resilience, except positive climate. Physical education teachers may be able to help learners who are struggling academically by providing them with emotional support. The results emphasized the necessity of college learners' access to emotional support from teachers in building resilience. Finally, the results were examined, with an emphasis on how the development of learners' personal and contextual resources can have a positive effect on their well-being. (AU)

La resiliencia académica es la capacidad de un alumno para superar los contratiempos escolares. Además, se descubrió que el apoyo emocional de los instructores puede potenciar la resiliencia académica. Sin embargo, estos estudios son predominantemente amplios en el nivel elemental y secundario, y no están conectados con la Educación Física en el contexto de la Educación Superior. Este estudio ha utilizado dos cuestionarios distintos: Escala de Apoyo Emocional del Profesor (TESS) y Escala de Resiliencia Académica (ARS-30). Tras realizar una regresión múltiple, se observó que el apoyo emocional del profesor predice la resiliencia académica, lo que sugiere que el apoyo emocional del profesor tiene una influencia directa y significativa en la resiliencia académica. Además, se descubrió que la sensibilidad del profesor y la consideración de la perspectiva del adolescente tiene una influencia directa en la resiliencia académica de los alumnos, excepto en el clima positivo. Los profesores de Educación Física pueden ayudar a los alumnos con dificultades académicas proporcionándoles apoyo emocional. Los resultados subrayaron la necesidad de que los estudiantes universitarios reciban apoyo emocional de los profesores para desarrollar su resiliencia. Por último, se examinaron los resultados, haciendo hincapié en cómo el desarrollo de los recursos personales y contextuales de los alumnos puede tener un efecto positivo en su bienestar. (AU)

Phenomenological Probe on Senior High School Teachers’ Experiences in Teaching Sports Track During the Transition Years of Philippine K To 12 / Sondeo fenomenológico sobre las experiencias de los maestros de secundaria superior en la enseñanza de deportes de atletismo durante los años de transición de Filipinas K a 12

The Philippine education system is currently under transition due to the implementation of Republic Act 10533, also known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act. Since its enactment in 2013, physical education researchers have been examining the initial impact of this transition. Yet, investigations to determine teachers' challenges in the sports Track Program of the senior high school curriculum were barely sufficient. Hence, this research was conducted to probe the challenges of these teachers using a qualitative phenomenology research design. Research participants from selected schools in the Cotabato Province in the Philippines were involved in focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and extensive field observation. Six significant concerns from the research participants transpired; these are difficulties with online learning, mismatched of students’ interests; unrealistic curriculum; inadequate facilities; overloaded teaching loads; and struggles of non-physical education graduates. The findings then served as crucial elements in drawing conclusions and recommendations to better implement the sports track program in the Philippine senior high school curriculum. (AU)

El sistema educativo filipino se encuentra actualmente en transición debido a la implementación de la Ley de la República 10533, también conocida como Ley de Educación Básica Mejorada. Desde su promulgación en 2013, los investigadores de educación física han estado examinando el impacto inicial de esta transición. Sin embargo, las investigaciones para determinar los desafíos de los profesores en el Programa de Pista deportiva del plan de estudios de la escuela secundaria superior fueron escasamente suficientes. Por lo tanto, esta investigación se llevó a cabo para sondear los desafíos de estos profesores utilizando un diseño de investigación de fenomenología cualitativa. Los participantes de la investigación de escuelas seleccionadas en la provincia de Cotabato en Filipinas participaron en discusiones de grupos focales, entrevistas en profundidad y una extensa observación de campo. Transcurrieron seis preocupaciones significativas de los participantes de la investigación; estos son: dificultades con el aprendizaje en línea; desajuste de los intereses de los estudiantes; plan de estudios poco realista; instalaciones inadecuadas; cargas de enseñanza sobrecargadas; y luchas de los no graduados en educación física. Luego, los hallazgos sirvieron como elementos cruciales para sacar conclusiones y recomendaciones para implementar mejor el programa de atletismo deportivo en el plan de estudios de la escuela secundaria superior de Filipinas. (AU)

Dropped Interest: Generation Z Students’ Demotivating Reasons on Gradual Dislike on Sports and Recreation / Descenso de interés: las razones desmotivadoras de los estudiantes de la Generación Z sobre la aversión gradual a los deportes y la recreación

Gen Zs are different from older generations because they are the first consumers to have grown up wholly in the digital era. They're tech-savvy and mobile-first—and they have high standards for how they spend their time online. Scholars have identified a decreasing involvement of Gen Zs in sports and recreation. This problem was worsened by the huge influence of social media and other platforms, which made them get distracted and lose interest in sports and recreation. Some scholars revealed few explanations on this problem; however, there is no concrete evidence scrutinizing the reasons behind this phenomenon to the generation z students. Hence, this study was conducted primarily to investigate the demotivating reasons of generation z students' gradual dislike of sports and recreation. Using a phenomenology approach, gen zs in Southern Philippines who are identified as not interested in sports and recreation served as primary participants of this study. The triangulation of results revealed six significant concerns from research participants. These include the inadequate childhood exposure to sports and recreation, influence of technological advancements, reduced physical interaction due to the pandemic, and health difficulties. The data were then used to generate conclusions and recommendations to help generation z students boost their interests to participate in sports and recreational activities. (AU)

Los Gen Z son diferentes de las generaciones anteriores porque son los primeros consumidores que crecieron completamente en la era digital. Son expertos en tecnología y primero en dispositivos móviles, y tienen altos estándares sobre cómo pasan su tiempo en línea. Los académicos han identificado una participación decreciente de la Generación Z en los deportes y la recreación. Este problema se vio agravado por la enorme influencia de las redes sociales y otras plataformas, que les hizo distraerse y perder interés en los deportes y la recreación. Algunos estudiosos revelaron pocas explicaciones sobre este problema; sin embargo, no existe evidencia concreta que escrute las razones detrás de este fenómeno para los estudiantes de la generación z. Por lo tanto, este estudio se realizó principalmente para investigar las razones desmotivadoras de la aversión gradual de los estudiantes de la generación z hacia los deportes y la recreación. Utilizando un enfoque fenomenológico, las personas de la generación z en el sur de Filipinas que se identificaron como no interesadas en los deportes y la recreación sirvieron como participantes principales de este estudio. La triangulación de los resultados reveló seis preocupaciones importantes de los participantes de la investigación. Estos incluyen la exposición infantil inadecuada a los deportes y la recreación, la influencia de los avances tecnológicos, la interacción física reducida debido a la pandemia y las dificultades de salud. Luego, los datos se usaron para generar conclusiones y recomendaciones para ayudar a los estudiantes de la generación z a impulsar sus intereses para participar en deportes y actividades recreativas. (AU)

Determinantes de la indecisión ante la vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2 en una zona rural de una isla fronteriza entre Indonesia y Filipinas: estudio de métodos mixtos / The determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy in a rural area of an Indonesia-Philippines border island: A mixed-method study

Antecedentes: La campaña de vacunación contra la infección por SARS-CoV-2 se viene desarrollando en Indonesia para personas ≥ 18 años. El éxito de este programa puede verse obstaculizado por la presencia de dudas sobre las vacunas en las comunidades. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los determinantes de la indecisión en relación a la vacunación por la infección por coronavirus en una zona rural de la isla fronteriza entre Indonesia y Filipinas. Métodos: Estudio de métodos mixtos realizado con una parte cuantitativa que incluye una encuesta transversal realizada entre participantes de ≥ 18 años para determinar la prevalencia y los determinantes de la indecisión en relación a la vacunación contra la infección por SARS-CoV-2. La parte cualitativa consistió en entrevistas en profundidad para explorar la percepción hacia la vacuna contra la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Resultado: Entre 557 participantes, la prevalencia de indecisión ante la vacuna fue del 63,9% (IC del 95%: 59,8-67,9%). En el análisis ajustado, hay 3 factores que inciden en la indecisión ante la vacuna, a saber, educación (ORa: 0,40; IC 95%: 0,22-0,70), conocimiento de la vacuna, infección por coronavirus (ORa: 2,17; IC 95%: 1,41-3,34) y disposición a pagar (ORa: 0,12; IC del 95%: 0,07-0,20). La mayoría de las razones para rechazar la vacuna incluyen la duda de su seguridad y eficacia, el temor a sus efectos secundarios, la falta de información sobre la vacuna y el factor de la creencia religiosa cristiana. Conclusión: Este estudio encuentra que la mayoría de los adultos en zonas rurales dudan sobre la vacuna. La infección por coronavirus, la falta de conocimiento, el nivel de educación y la desinformación son factores que afectan en gran medida a la aceptación de la vacunación por parte de una persona.(AU)

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program campaign has been underway in Indonesia for people aged ≥ 18 years. The program's success can be hampered by vaccine hesitancy in communities. This study aims to elucidate the determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy in a rural area of the Indonesia-Philippines border island Sangihe. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted; a quantitative part involving a cross-sectional survey was carried out among participantes aged ≥ 18 years to determine the prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy. The qualitative part involved in-depth interviews to explore the perceptions towards the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Result: Among 557 participantes, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 63.9% (95% CI: 59.8-67.9). In the adjusted analysis, three factors affected vaccine hesitancy: education (aOR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22-0.70), knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (aOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.41-3.34) and willingness to pay (aOR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.07-0.20). The majority of reasons for refusing the vaccine included doubt regarding its safety and effectiveness, the fear of side effects, lack of information regarding the vaccine and local Christians’ religious beliefs. Conclusion: This study found that most adults in the area were hesitant about the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Lack of knowledge, a low level of education and misinformation were factors that greatly affected vaccination hesitancy. The government, by involving religious leaders, is expected to pay serious attention to the dissemination of accurate and convincing information to the public regarding the safety and importance of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.(AU)

Traditional Beliefs in Postpartum Care among Indonesian and Filipino Mothers: A Comparative Study / Creencias tradicionales en la atención posparto entre madres indonesias y filipinas: un estudio comparativo

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the traditional beliefs and practices in postpartum care among Indonesian and Filipino mothers to propose a program to improve maternal and child health.Methods: The study utilized a descriptive research design to Indonesian mother respondents (n=110) and Filipino mother-respondents (n=119) who were conveniently selected. Traditional beliefs focused on technological factors, religious and philosophical factors, kinship and social factors, cultural values, beliefs, lifestyles, political and legal factors, economic factors, and educational factors were evaluated.Results: On assessing the traditional beliefs in postpartum care, Indonesian mother respondents obtained an overall mean of 2.83 verbally interpreted as agree/true while Filipino mother-respondents yielded an overall mean of 2.99 verbally interpreted as agree/true. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the assessment of Indonesian and Filipino mother respondents on their traditional beliefs in postpartum care in terms of technological factors, kinship, and social factors, cultural values, and educational factors.Conclusions: These findings indicate that traditional practices towards maternal care in the postpartum period are commonplace that have been practiced for generations in countries in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia and the Philippines, although there are different traditional beliefs in postpartum care in aspects of technological factors, kinship and social factors, cultural values, beliefs, and like ways factors, and educational factors.(AU)

Introducción: Este estudio se realizó para evaluar las creencias y prácticas tradicionales en la atención posparto entre madres indonesias y filipinas para proponer un programa para mejorar la salud maternoinfantil.Métodos: El estudio utilizó un diseño de investigación descriptivo para las madres encuestadas indonesias (n=110) y las madres filipinas encuestadas (n=119) que fueron convenientemente seleccionadas. Creencias tradicionales enfocadas en factores tecnológicos, factores religiosos y filosóficos, factores sociales y de parentesco, valores culturales, creencias, estilos de vida, factores políticos y legales, factores económicos y factores educativos fueron evaluadas.Resultados: Al evaluar las creencias tradicionales en la atención posparto, las madres indonesias encuestadas obtuvieron una media general de 2,83 interpretado verbalmente como de acuerdo / verdadero, mientras que las madres filipinas encuestadas arrojaron una media general de 2,99 interpretadas verbalmente como de acuerdo/verdadero. El análisis estadístico mostró una diferencia significativa en la evaluación de las madres encuestadas indonesias y filipinas sobre sus creencias tradicionales en la atención posparto en términos de factores tecnológicos, parentesco y factores sociales, valores culturales y factores educativos.Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos indican que las prácticas tradicionales hacia el cuidado materno en el posparto son un lugar común que se ha practicado durante generaciones en países del sudeste asiático, especialmente Indonesia y Filipinas, aunque existen diferentes creencias tradicionales en el cuidado posparto en aspectos de factores tecnológicos, parentesco y factores sociales, valores culturales, creencias y factores de formas similares, y factores educativos.(AU)

Psychometric Quality of the "Gratitude Questionnaire" in Filipino College Students / Calidad psicométrica del “Cuestionario de gratitud” en estudiantes universitarios filipinos

This study aims to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) to the Philippines, gathering evidence of its validity and reliability. Two studies were conducted. Participants in Study 1 were 340 college students (Mage= 20.63; 62.1% female), who completed the GQ-6 and demographic questions. The exploratory factor analysis was performed, indicating a one-factor solution (α= .80). Participants in Study 2 were 813 college students (Mage= 19.99 years; 50.1% male), who answered the GQ-6, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and the Spirituality/Religiousness items. Results corroborated the one-factor structure (e.g., CFI= .98, RMSEA= .05) showing evidence of its association with life orientation (r= .29), subjective happiness (r= .08), and religiosity (r= .31). The scores from the GQ-6 also exhibited invariance across gender. In conclusion, the GQ-6 provide evidence of factorial and criterion validity and reliability, justifying its use in the Philippines (AU)

Filipinas, recogiendo pruebas sobre su validez y fiabilidad. Se realizaron dos estudios. En el estudio 1 participaron 340 estudiantes universitarios (Medad= 20,63 años; 62,1% mujeres), que contestaron el GQ-6 y los datos sociodemográficos. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una solución de un factor (α= 0,80). En el estudio 2 participaron 813 estudiantes universitarios (Medad= 19,99 años; 50,1% hombres), que respondieron el GQ-6, el “Test revisado de orientación a la vida”, la “Escala de felicidad subjetiva” y los ítems sobre espiritualidad/religiosidad. Los resultados confirmaron la estructura unifactorial del GQ-6 (p. ej., CFI= 0,98, RMSEA= 0,05) mostrando evidencia de su asociación con la orientación a la vida (r= 0,29), la felicidad subjetiva (r= 0,08) y la religiosidad (r= 0,31). Las puntuaciones del GQ-6 mostraron invariancia de sexo. En conclusión, el GQ-6 proporciona pruebas de validez y fiabilidad factorial y de criterio, lo que justifica su uso en Filipinas (AU)

Continuing professional development (CPD) among educators in selected Colleges of Nursing: Perceived importance, impact, and challenges

The study aimed to determine the perceived importance, impact, and challenges of CPD among educators in selected Colleges of Nursing. The study uses descriptive-evaluative, descriptive-comparative and descriptive-correlation research designs. Researcher-made questionnaire was used to capture the responses of 105 purposively selected nurse educators in the Philippines. For about three months, data was collected personally and analyzed using SPSS version 21. The result shows that the importance, impact, and challenges of CPD has a significant effect to the success of the CPD programs. The study reveals that the important CPD attributes and the impact of CPD programs can affect the success of the CPD programs

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"You'll get used to it": A lived experience of Filipino nurses in dealing with death and dying patient

Giving care to a dying patient and support to their families is a tough and stressful task for nurses. And dealing with patient death is viewed by nurses as one of the most demanding and challenging experiences in the clinical setting. For nurses to deal with this experience, it is necessary for them to have adequate knowledge, skills, and a precise coping mechanism to handle the patient. Moreover, nurses have different strategies on how they can able to cope up with that doleful incident. A phenomenological study was used to explore the nurses' experience in dealing with a dying patient. Six nurses were purposively selected who underwent an in-depth interview using a voice recorder and a semi-structured interview guide. The researchers identified the significant statements and verbalizations of each participant by transcribing and sorting interviews (cool analysis), categorized significant statements as themes (warm analysis), and Colaizzi's method to further ensure that the researchers' understanding about the lived experience of Filipino nurses is accurate, and deliberately discussed in this study. The participants thoroughly explained their different stories, experiences, and struggles in dealing with death and dying patients. Five (5) themes were formulated in characterizing the lived experiences of Filipino nurses: Acceptance, Borderline, Competency, Diverting, and Equal care. This study provides an understanding of their lived experiences

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A descriptive study on the preferences of community members toward utilization of herbal medication compared to synthetic drugs in the National Capital Region, Philippines

The Philippine herbal drug industry has been increasing over the years with continued support from the government agencies such as the Department of Health (DOH) and from the different private sector. At present, the herbal market accounts for still only just 1% of the total drug trade. Urbanization in the different parts of the Philippines may also negatively impact the usage of herbal medication along with the increasing consumption of physician-prescribed synthetic drugs. This study aims to determine the preference of specific community members in the Philippines (NCR) toward the usage of herbal medications compared to synthetic drugs. A survey about preference toward herbal medications or synthetic drug was handed out to 50 members of communities in the surrounding cities of the National Capital Region. The study found out that only a small percentage of the respondent community members take herbal medications regularly, i.e., daily (12%), weekly (12%), monthly (2%). More respondents claimed they do not regularly take herbal medications, i.e., yearly (8%), less than once a year (28%), does not take (14%). Accessory information which the study sought includes the most commonly used herbal medication, age and gender preference, concurrent usage of herbal and synthetic drugs, frequency of consultation. The most common herbal medicines utilized by the sample community members are Lagundi (24%), Oregano (14%), and Sambong (14%), and the sample community members do not have adequate exposure to medical practitioners such as pharmacists regarding herbal medications (62%)

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Correlates of low back pain among Filipino caregivers of children with disability: A preliminary study

The caregiver's role in rearing a child with disability requires huge physical demands which may lead to development of musculoskeletal disorders such as low back pain (LBP). This study aims to determine the factors associated with low back pain among caregivers of children with disability. A quantitative, correlational research design was used. Data were gathered among caregivers of children with disabilities enrolled in a specialized educational and pediatric rehabilitation unit in Valenzuela City. A personal information sheet was used to gather relevant demographic data while Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to measure low back pain and disability. Pearson's correlation and Chi-square were used to determine the relationship and association among demographic factors and low back pain and disability. Majority of the respondents are mothers (59.09%) caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (31.82%), married (68.18%), and living in an extended family (36.36%). Chi-squared revealed a statistically significant association between caregivers' gender (p = 0.003), relationship to child (p = 0.000), and marital status (p=0.000) to low back pain and disability. Results imply that married mothers who are the primary caregivers to children with disability are prone to develop low back pain and disability. Preventive and restorative physical interventions, such as caring rotation, is recommended. Future studies should focus on other factors such as psychosocial, physical, and emotional aspects of low back pain and disability among caregivers of children with disability

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20º Congreso Internacional de Leprología: Manila, Filipinas / No disponible

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Filipinas: próximo Congreso Internacional de la Lepra / No disponible

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A cross-sectional survey on cold chain management of vaccines in Cebu, Philippines

Background: Appropriate cold chain management is the foundation of safety and quality of vaccines. Objectives: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the cold chain management of the rural health units of Consolacion and Liloan, Cebu, Philippines on August to September 2017. Methods: Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, which was developed based on previous studies of cold chain survey. The questionnaire was administered to one personnel who is responsible for the storage and maintenance of vaccines in each public health center (PHC). Results: Of 42 targeted PHCs, only 52.4% (n=22) agreed to join in the study. The results of the study indicated that storage units and equipments were available in all 22 PHCs, even though only five of them (22.7%) stored vaccines. The majority of PHCs (90.9%, n=20) did not have access to a generator and only 9% (n=2) had a voltage stabilizer connected to the refrigerator. Refrigerators that were equipped with thermometer were only found in 68.2% (n=15) PHCs. No statistically significant relationship was found (p=0.159) between the statuses of PHCs to store vaccine and the level of knowledge of health professionals assigned to manage the vaccine. Conclusions: Primary health centers that store vaccines have at least one functional refrigerator and freezer and alternative power sources. Contingency plans in the event of mechanical and power failure as well as proper temperature monitoring are needed. Personnel handling vaccines must be updated on proper storage and transport of such like the use of cold boxes and ice packs to maintain cold chain. Improvement of cold-chain management for vaccines in Cebu City's PHCs was necessary

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Culturally relevant meanings of the Protestant work ethic and attitudes towards poor persons

The Protestant work ethic (PWE), or the belief that hard work leads to success, is a popular belief across cultures. Much work indicates that PWE contributes to negative evaluations of disadvantaged groups presumably through the notion that they deserve their disadvantage for not working hard enough ("PWE-Justifier"). But there is another dimension of PWE that expresses the belief that everyone could succeed through hard work ("PWE-Equalizer"). We propose that the PWE-Justifier is meaningful in cultures that emphasize individualism and personal responsibility, but not in others. In a cross-cultural study, we compare how PWE-Justifier relates to evaluations of poor persons in the USA (individualist culture) and the Philippines (low individualist culture). In the USA sample, regression analysis indicated that internal attributions of poverty mediated the relationships of PWE-Justifier with negative stereotypes (R2 = .32) and with negative attitudes towards poor persons (R2 = .13). Bootstrapping analysis indicated that both indirect effects of PWE-Justifier were significant: Negative stereotypes, B = .17, SE = .03, p < .0001, 95% CI [.11, .24]; negative attitudes, B = 2.52, SE = 1.11, p = .014, 95% CI [0.49, 4.84]. The results were not found in the Philippine sample, where instead, PWE-Equalizer negatively predicted negative attitudes (R2 = .05) and positively predicted empathy (R2 = .05) for poor persons. The results are discussed in terms of how the negative consequences of PWE may derive from the cultural syndrome of individualism that emphasizes personal control and responsibility

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Centrality of event and mental health outcomes in child and adolescent natural disaster survivors

The experience of trauma could be considered a central event in one's life, such that it could be a core component of one's identity and life story. Indeed, trauma memories are well-remembered, vivid, intense, and easily accessible (Berntsen & Rubin, 2006). The present study investigated the mediating role of sensory-based trauma memory quality in the relationship between centrality of event and mental health outcomes among child and adolescent survivors of a natural disaster (N = 225) in its immediate aftermath. Results of mediation analyses revealed that centrality of trauma event is related to symptoms of acute stress disorder and depression through sensory-based trauma memory quality (indirect effect 95% C.I. [.06, .11] and [.04, .10], respectively). These findings support the contention that centrality of event is associated to heightened accessibility and vividness of sensory-based trauma memory quality, which in turn is related to an increase in trauma-related symptoms in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster, where the reminders of trauma are particularly salient in the survivors' environment and daily activities

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"I am a complete woman": Dragon boat and breast cancer survival / "Soy una mujer completa": El bote dragón y la supervivencia del cáncer de mama

Being diagnosed with breast cancer is like receiving a death sentence. While some surrender to their fate with diminished meaning of life, others manage to accept the challenges of their condition and move on with greater appreciation of life. This qualitative study examined the experiences of breast cancer survivors whose engagement with dragon boat enhanced their quality of life despite the traumatic discovery, treatment and long-term effects resulting from the illness. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with three Filipina survivors of breast cancer who were actively engaged in dragon boat paddling. The in-depth discussion among the participants provided rich data on their survival of breast cancer and how dragon boat provided them physical and psychosocial benefits. Thematic analysis of the transcription data from the FGD yielded the following themes: (1) family as source of strength, (2) acceptance of breast cancer, (3) mutually supporting relationships, (4) increased personal strengths, (5) greater appreciation of life and (5) I Am a Complete Woman. Results were discussed within the framework of the Post-Traumatic Growth model (Schaefer and Moos, 1998) (AU)

Recibir el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama es como recibir una sentencia de muerte. Mientras algunas personas se rinden a su destino con el sentido de vida disminuido, otras logran aceptar los desafíos de su condición y seguir adelante con una mayor apreciación de la vida. Este estudio cualitativo examinó las experiencias de supervivientes de cáncer de mama cuyo compromiso con el barco dragón mejoró su calidad de vida a pesar del descubrimiento traumático, el tratamiento y los efectos a largo plazo derivados de la enfermedad. Se llevó a cabo una discusión de grupo de enfoque con tres supervivientes de cáncer de mama filipinos que participaron activamente en el remo de barco dragón. La discusión en profundidad entre los participantes proporcionó datos enriquecedores sobre su supervivencia al cáncer de mama y cómo el barco dragón les proporcionó beneficios físicos y psicosociales. El análisis temático de los datos de transcritos de la discusión de grupo de enfoque produjo los siguientes temas: (1) la familia como fuente de fuerza, (2) la aceptación del cáncer de mama, (3) las relaciones de apoyo mutuo, (4) fortalezas personales aumentadas, (5) mayor apreciación de la vida y (5) soy una mujer completa. Los resultados se discutieron en el marco del modelo de crecimiento post-traumático (Schaefer y Moos, 1998) (AU)

Aspectos sanitarios en el asedio de Baler, Filipinas (1898-1899) / Sanitary aspects in the siege of Baler, Philippines (1898-1899)

Estudiamos la situación sanitaria durante el prolongado asedio de Baler con ocasión de la guerra de independencia de Filipinas y posterior intervención norteamericana (1898-1899), contemplando tanto los medios materiales y humanos de que disponían como las heridas y enfermedades a las que hubieron de hacer frente. No cabe duda que estas últimas se vieron favorecidas por las deficientes condiciones higiénicas de la iglesia en la que se refugiaron y, sobre todo, la mala alimentación que también examinamos dada su relación con estos aspectos médicos, de tal modo que, al igual que aconteció al resto del Ejército español que combatía en Filipinas o en Cuba, fueron las enfermedades las responsables de la mayor parte de los fallecimientos al causar más bajas que los propios sitiadores

We study the sanitary situation during Baler's long siege within The Philippines war of independence and the later North American intervention (1898-1899), contemplating not only the material and human resources they had but also the wounds and diseases they had to face. Undoubtedly, the latter were favoured by the deficient hygienic conditions of the church where they found shelter and, especially, by the bad food supply which is also examined here due to its relation with these medical aspects. As a result, as it happened to the rest of the Spanish Army fighting in The Philippines or in Cuba, the diseases were the main cause for most of the deaths here, outnumbering those caused by the besiegers

Aplicación de terapia de presión negativa en un caso de pioderma gangrenoso / Vacuum assisted negative pressure therapy in a clinical case of pyoderma gangrenosum

El pioderma gangrenoso es una enfermedad cutánea de etiología desconocida. Las lesiones comienzan típicamente como pústulas o nódulos de rápida evolución hacia úlceras profundas, mal determinadas y violáceas. El fenómeno de patergia está presente en un 20-50% de los casos, por lo que el desbridamiento de las lesiones conduce a un recrudecimiento del cuadro. Presentamos el caso de una paciente diagnosticada de pioderma gangrenoso en la cual, debido a la lenta evolución con inmunosupresores sistémicos y al importante dolor sufrido durante las curas, se decide la aplicación de terapia de presión negativa sobre las lesiones, obteniendo resultados favorables a corto-medio plazo (AU)

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare cutaneous disease of uncertain cause. Lesions usually start like pustulae or nodules that rapidly progress into shallow or deep ulcers, undermined. Pathergy occurs in 20% to 50% of the cases, that is why debriding lesions may only worsen them. We present a case of a woman with pioderma gangrenosum whose lesions evolution were slow despite systemic inmunosupression and whose dressing changes were very painful, so we decide to use vacuum assisted negative pressure therapy, obtaining favorable results in short to medium term (AU)

Mujer de origen filipino con tumoración en un pie / Native philippine women with tumor in one foot

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