Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Leaves of Endemic and Native Isatis spp in Turkey

Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate the health-promoting potentials of Isatis aucherii, Isatis buschiana, Isatis candolleana, Isatis tinctoria subsp. corymbosa and Isatis tinctoria. I. aucherii and I. candolleana are endemic, I. buschiana, I. tinctoria subsp. corymbosa are native in Turkey. While I. tinctoria is a well studied species, there is insufficient information about other endemic and native species. Therefore, this study is focused to reveal the bioactive compounds of poorly studied endemic and native species. In this context, protein, ash, glucosinolates, fatty acids, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities were determined in leaf extracts. The highest protein and fatty oil contents were observed in I. tinctoria and I. buschiana. Arachidic acid was predominant inI. tinctoria subsp. corymbosa, I. buschiana and I. aucherii, while predominant fatty acids were arachidonic and oleic acids inI. candolleana and I. tinctoria. Glucobrassicin was the main glucosinolate in I. tinctoria, while the others contained gluconapin as the main glucosinolate. Antioxidant activities were correlated with phenolic and flavonoid content, the highest and lowest antioxidant activities were observed in I. buschiana and I. aucherii, respectively. According to results, I. buschiana leaves were high in contents of bioactive compounds; it could be a promising plant with its health- promoting effects.

Two glucosinolates and their effects related to the prevention of cholesterol gallstones: a review / Dos glucosinolatos y sus efectos asociados con la prevención de cálculos biliares de colesterol: una revisión

Two glucosinolates (glucoraphasatin and glucoraphanin) and their degradation products (raphasatin and sulforaphane) are secondary metabolites which have shown antioxidant properties and inhibitory properties against the hepatic cholesterol; these effects are very important for the prevention of cholesterol gallstones because in their pathophysiology there is an imbalance in the transport and secretion of cholesterol. These effects produce oxygen reactive species formation, which damages the hepatic and biliary tissues. Cholesterol gallstones are a public health problem; their pharmacological treatment is very limited and the invasive surgical treatment for symptomatic gallstones is the cholecystectomy. Current research focuses on the search for preventive treatments, as there are many risk factors associated with the development of gallstones; therefore, a natural therapeutic alternative may be the use of these glucosinolates and their degradation products.

Dos glucosinolatos (glucorafasatina y glucorafanina) y sus productos de degradación (rafasatina y sulforafano) son metabolitos secundarios que han demostrado propiedades antioxidantes y propiedades inhibidoras contra el colesterol hepático; estos efectos son muy importantes para la prevención de cálculos biliares de colesterol porque en su fisiopatología existe un desajuste en el transporte y secreción del colesterol. Estos efectos producen la formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno, que dañan los tejidos hepático y biliar. Los cálculos biliares de colesterol son un problema de salud pública, su terapia farmacológica es muy limitada y el tratamiento quirúrgico invasivo para cálculos biliares sintomáticos es la colecistectomía. Las investigaciones actuales están orientadas a la búsqueda de tratamientos preventivos, porque hay muchos factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de cálculos biliares; por lo tanto, una alternativa terapéutica natural podría ser el uso de estos glucosinolatos, así como sus productos de degradación.

El aceite canola y sus efectos en la salud / Canola oil and health effects

El término canola (Canadian Oil Low Acid), designa a una variedad de semillas desarrolladas durante la década de los setenta por métodos tradicionales de fitomejoramiento de la colza. La canola se ubica en el segundo lugar como planta oleaginosa cultivada en el mundo, y no sólo se utiliza en la fabricación de aceite para ensaladas y frituras, sino también en la elaboración de margarinas, mantecas y otros productos alimenticios. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de la información científica disponible sobre los antecedentes que motivaron el surgimiento de las semillas variedad canola, así como la seguridad y efectividad del consumo de su aceite sobre algunos de los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). La búsqueda y localización de la información, incluyó una revisión de artículos científicos, para lo cual se utilizaron los descriptores: Canola, enfermedad cardiovascular, aterosclerosis, y antioxidantes, fundamentalmente. La mayoría de los artículos seleccionados estaban relacionados con el efecto de la composición de ácidos grasos de aceites comestibles en la ECV, así como estudios de análisis de antioxidantes en este aceite. Además, se localizaron artículos de organismos reguladores sobre la seguridad del consumo del aceite de canola(AU)

The term canola (Canadian Oil Low Acid) refers to a variety of seeds developed in the seventies by traditional breeding methods of rapeseed. Canola is located in the second most cultivated oilseed plant in the world, and not only used in the manufacture of salad oil and frying, but also in the development of margarines, shortenings and other food products. This paper aims to conduct a review of the available scientific information on the background that led to the emergence of canola seed variety and the safety and effectiveness of its oil consumption on some of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Finding and locating information, including a review of scientific articles. The descriptors were used: Canola, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and antioxidants, mainly. Most selected articles were related to the effect of fatty acid composition of edible oils in VCE and analysis studies of antioxidants in this oil. In addition, articles were located regulators about the safety of canola oil consumption(AU)

Alimentos funcionais: [revisão] / Functional foods: [review]

Faz-se uma revisão sumária sobre alimentos funcionais com destaque em seus grupos químicos, sua ação fisiológica e suas fontes na dieta.

A brief survey of functional foods is presented with special emphasis on chemical groups, physiological actions, and dietary sources.

Glucosinolatos de la dieta, un posible factor causal de neuropatias con modificaciones del trnasporte axonal / Diet glucosinolates, a possible causal factor of neuropathies with modifications of the axonal transport

Los glucosinolatos son compuestos de origen vegetal cuyos productos catabolicos, los isotiocianatos, reaccionan con los ggrupos amino de la lisina y modofocan la estructura proteica. Esta modificacion a nivel de tubulina de los axones, similar a la que se produce por otras vias en las neuropatias diabeyica, alcoholica y por agentes quimicos, puede fundamentar bioquimicamente un posible efecto neurotoxico por la ingestion sostenida de glucosinolatos con la dieta