Effect of Endometriosis on Cumulus ATP, Number of Mitochondria and Oocyte Maturity in Cumulus Oocyte Complex in Mice / Efeito da endometriose no cumulus ATP, número de mitocôndrias e maturidade oocitária no complexo oocitário cumulus em camundongos

Abstract Objective Endometriosis causes a decrease in oocyte quality. However, this mechanism is not fully understood. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of endometriosis on cumulus cell adenosine triphosphate ATP level, the number of mitochondria, and the oocyte maturity level. Methods A true experimental study with a post-test only control group design on experimental animals. Thirty-two mice were divided into control and endometriosis groups. Cumulus oocyte complex (COC) was obtained from all groups. Adenosine triphosphate level on cumulus cells was examined using the Elisa technique, the number of mitochondria was evaluated with a confocal laser scanning microscope and the oocyte maturity level was evaluated with an inverted microscope. Results The ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondria in the endometriosis group increased significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.05) while the oocyte maturity level was significantly lower (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondrial oocyte (p < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between cumulus cell ATP level and the number of mitochondrial oocytes with oocyte maturity level (p > 0.01; p > 0.01). The ROC curve showed that the number of mitochondrial oocytes (AUC = 0.672) tended to be more accurate than cumulus cell ATP level (AUC = 0.656) in determining the oocyte maturity level. Conclusion In endometriosis model mice, the ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondrial oocytes increased while the oocyte maturity level decreased. There was a correlation between the increase in ATP level of cumulus cells and an increase in the number of mitochondrial oocytes.

The preventive effect of exogenous adenosine triphosphate on methanol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats

Abstract Exposure to methanol can cause serious consequences such as permanent visual disturbances and death. The heart tissue is highly vulnerable to ATP deficiency. Our study aimed to investigate whether exogenous ATP administration may alleviate methanol-induced ATP deficiency and subsequent oxidative damage in rat heart tissue. A total of 30 rats were divided into equal five groups; Healthy Group (HG), Methotrexate (MXG), Methanol (MeOH), Methotrexate+Methanol (MXM), and Methotrexate+Methanol+ATP (MMA) groups. We inhibited tetrahydrofolate synthesis by methotrexate to induce methanol toxicity. Methotrexate was administered to MXG, MXM, and MMA group animals for seven days with a catheter directly to the stomach at a 0,3 mg/kg dose per day. At the end of this period, % 20 methanol at a dose of 3 g/kg was administered to MeOH, MMA and MXM group animals. Immediately after methanol application, MMA group animals were injected with ATP at a 4 mg/kg dose intraperitoneally. Blood samples and heart tissues were used for biochemical analysis and histopathological examination. Co-exposure to methanol and methotrexate substantially exacerbated cardiac damage, indicating the potent cardiotoxic effects of methanol. However, the administration of exogenous ATP to MMA group animals brought biochemical oxidative damage parameters and histopathological findings closer to HG.

Determination of ATP and its metabolites in dietary energy supplements by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract This study aimed to develop a simple and fast capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the simultaneous determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolites in dietary energy supplements. Reverse polarity separation mode for faster separation of the three strong negatively charged analytes and capillaries with a 25 µm inner diameter was employed. At -433 V/cm field strength at background electrolyte (BGE) consist with 0.1 M tris-HCl, 0.5 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (TTAC) as positively charged surfactant and 0.3 mg/mL hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to reduce the electroosmotic flow (EOF), a complete separation of the three species were achieved in less than 15 minutes. The data acquisition was conducted at a wavelength of 254 nm. Three different commercialised dietary energy supplements were analysed.

Biomarcadores na bexiga hiperativa: artigo de revisão / Biomarkers in overactive bladder: review article

A bexiga hiperativa caracteriza-se pela urgência miccional, geralmente acompa- nhada de noctúria e aumento da frequência urinária. Trata-se de afecção preva- lente, com enorme comprometimento da qualidade de vida, em todos os seus as- pectos. Diversos biomarcadores vêm sendo estudados para melhor caracterização dos diferentes fenótipos da afecção, entre eles as neurotrofinas urinárias, o ATP, a genômica e a microbiota urinária. Acredita-se que tal caracterização poderá ter implicações para prevenção, fisiopatologia e individualização do tratamento.(AU)

The overactive bladder is characterized by urinary urgency, usually accompanied by nocturia and increased urinary frequency. It is a prevalent condition, with enormous impairment of quality of life, in all its aspects. Several biomarkers have been studied to better characterize the different phenotypes of the condition, including urinary neurotrophins, ATP, genomics and urinary microbiota. It is believed that such charac- terization may have implications for prevention, pathophysiology and individualiza- tion of treatment.(AU)

Association between Knee Osteoarthritis and Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Institutionalized Elderly Patients / Associação entre osteoartrite de joelho e síndrome metabólica em pacientes idosos não institucionalizados

Abstract Objective This study aimed to analyze the association between knee osteoarthritis (OA) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in non-institutionalized elderly patients. Methods A cross-sectional, randomized study, drawn from a probabilistic cluster study conducted with 416 elderly people from a Family Health Unit (USF, in the Portuguese acronym) of our municipality. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), and OA according to the KellgrLawrence (KL) scale (≥ 2). Results For the statistical analysis, we performed an exploratory data analysis, Mann-Whitney or Chi-Squared tests and univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, with significance level of p < 0.05; the concordance between the evaluators was verified through the Kappa coefficient. There was an association between OA and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.0021) and between OA and waist circumference (WC) (p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 3.524). There was no significant association between OA and the number of metabolic components nor with SM itself. Conclusion We conclude that knee OA is associated with WC, regardless of weight, and that the increase in its measure reflects a greater chance of MS in non-institutionalized elderly patients.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a associação entre a osteoartrite (OA) de joelho e a síndrome metabólica (SM) em pacientes idosos não institucionalizados. Métodos Pesquisa transversal, aleatorizada, extraída de um estudo probabilístico por conglomerado realizado com 416 idosos de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do nosso município. A SM foi definida de acordo com o National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), e a OA de acordo com a escala KellgrLawrence (KL) (≥ 2). Resultados Para a análise estatística, foi realizada uma análise exploratória de dados, testes de Mann-Whitney ou Qui-quadrado e regressões logísticas uni e multivariadas, com nível de significância de p < 0,05; a concordância entre os avaliadores foi verificada através do coeficiente de Kappa. Verificou-se associação entre OA e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) (p = 0,0021) e entre OA e circunferência de cintura (CC) (p < 0,001; razão de chances [RC] = 3,524). Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre a OA e o número de componentes metabólicos nem com a SM em si. Conclusão Conclui-se que a OA de joelho associa-se à CC, independente do peso, e que o aumento em sua medida reflete em uma maior chance de SM em idosos não institucionalizados.

Caracterización de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos de una zona suburbana de Posadas-Misiones / Characterization of cardiovascular risk factors in adults of a sub-urban area of the city of Posadas-Misiones / Caracterização de fatores de risco cardiovasculares em adultos de uma zona suburbana de Posadas-Misiones

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son una importante causa de morbimortalidad. Se propuso determinar la frecuencia de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular en individuos adultos que asistieron a un centro de atención primaria de una zona suburbana de la ciudad de Posadas-Misiones. Se evaluaron 300 individuos; 203 mujeres y 97 varones, entre 20 y 75 años. Se registraron datos personales, antropométricos y se extrajo sangre con 12 horas de ayuno para las determinaciones bioquímicas. El diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico se basó en los criterios del ATP III. La frecuencia de factores de riesgo fue: hipertensión 21,3%, prehipertensión 36,7%, síndrome metabólico 35,0%, glucemia alterada en ayunas 28,0%, tabaquismo 23,0%, exceso de peso 68,6%, obesidad abdominal 65,0%, índice de filtración glomerular disminuido 12,0%, antecedentes familiares de enfermedad cardiovascular 33,7% e hipercolesterolemia 22,0%. Según nivel de instrucción, los individuos con bajo nivel educativo presentaron mayor frecuencia de factores de riesgo respecto a los individuos con nivel medio y alto. Los resultados de este estudio alertan sobre la necesidad de la búsqueda activa de factores de riesgo para la enfermedad cardiovascular en toda la población.

Cardiovascular diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the main cardiovascular risk factors in adult individuals who attend a primary care center in a sub-urban area of the city of Posadas-Misiones. The population was composed of 300 individuals: 203 women and 97 men, age range between 20 and 75 years. Personal, anthropometric data were recorded and blood was extracted with 12 hours of fasting for biochemical determinations. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on ATP III criteria. The frequency of risk factors was: hypertension 21.3%, pre-hypertension 36.7%, metabolic syndrome 35%, altered fasting glycemia 28%, smoking 23%, over weight 68.6%, abdominal obesity 65%, decreased glomerular filtration rate 12%, family history of cardiovascular disease 33.7% and hypercholesterolemia 22%. According to the level of education, a low educational level had a higher cardiovascular risk factor frequency than medium and high-level. The results of this study warn about the need for an active search for risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the entire population.

As doenças cardiovasculares são uma causa importante não só de morbimortalidade. O objetivo foi determinar a frequência dos principais fatores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos adultos que frequentaram um centro de atenção primária em uma área suburbana da cidade de Posadas-Misiones. 300 indivíduos foram avaliados; 203 mulheres e 97 homens, entre 20 e 75 anos de idade. Dados pessoais, antropométricos foram registrados e foi extraído sangue com 12 horas de jejum para determinações bioquímicas. O diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica foi baseado nos critérios do ATP III. A frequência dos fatores de risco foi: hipertensão 21,3%, pré-hipertensão 36,7%, síndrome metabólica 35,0%, glicemia alterada em jejum 28,0%, tabagismo 23,0%, excesso de peso 68,6%, obesidade abdominal 65,0%, taxa de filtração glomerular diminuída 12,0%, histórico familiar de doença cardiovascular 33,7% e hipercolesterolemia 22,0%. De acordo com o nível de escolaridade, indivíduos com baixo nível educacional apresentaram maior frequência dos factores de risco quando comparados com indivíduos de nível médio e alto. Os resultados deste estudo alertam para a necessidade de busca ativa de fatores de risco para a doença cardiovascular em toda a população.

Antihypoxic and anti-ischemic properties of the North Caucasus flora plant extracts / Propiedades antihipóxicas y antiisquémicas de los extractos de plantas de la flora del norte del Cáucaso

Nowdays it is established that ischemic brain damage like ischemic stroke is one of the leading cause of death and disability in the population that assumes relevance development of anti-ischemic drugs. The work studied the anti-hypoxic and anti-ischemic effect of 7 plant extracts. Antihypoxic activity was assessed on models of hypobaric, hypercapnic, histotoxic, hematotoxic hypoxia. Anti-ischemic activity of test-extracts was studied on the focal cerebral ischemia model. Administration of Tagetes patula, Gaillardia pulchella, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Grossularia reclinata, Ribes nigrum, Rubus caesius and Lysimachia punctata extracts contributed to the necrosis zone reduction by 56.6% (p<0.05); 37.3% (p<0.05); 73.2% (p<0.05); 49.4% (p<0.05); 42.5% (p<0.05); 85.5% (p<0.05); 44.2% (p<0.05) and also restored aerobic metabolism in brain tissue. Test - objects increased of the animal lifespan under hypoxia conditions. Based on the data obtained, it is assumed that further studies of North Caucasus flora plant extracts as cerebro-protective agents are promising.

Hoy en día, se ha establecido que el daño cerebral isquémico, como el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, es una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad en la población lo cual hace relevante el desarrollo fármacos antiisquémicos. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto antihipóxico y antiisquémico de siete extractos de plantas. La actividad antihipóxica se evaluó en modelos de hipoxia hipocrática, hipercápnica, histotóxica y hematotóxica. La actividad antiisquémica de los extractos de prueba se estudió en el modelo de isquemia cerebral focal. La administración de los extractos de Tagetes patula; Gaillardia pulchella; Sorbaria sorbifolia; Grossularia reclinata; Ribes nigrum; Rubus caesius y Lysimachia punctata contribuyeron a la reducción de la zona de necrosis en un 56,6% (p<0,05); 37,3% (p<0,05); 73,2% (p<0,05); 49,4% (p<0,05); 42,5% (p<0,05); 85,5% (p<0,05); 44.2% (p<0.05), respectivamente, además, de restaurar el metabolismo aeróbico en el tejido cerebral. Comparado con el control, se observó un aumento en el tiempo de sobrevida del animal en condiciones de hipoxia. Sobre la base de los interesantes datos obtenidos, se sugiere estudios adicionales de extractos de plantas de la flora del Cáucaso Norte como agentes protectores del cerebro.

Monitoramento da limpeza de produtos para saúde com teste adenosina trifosfato / Monitoring of health products cleaning with adenosine triphosphate testing / Monitoreo de la limpieza de productos para la salud con test adenosín trifosfato

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da limpeza dos produtos para saúde utilizando o teste de superfície adenosina trifosfato (ATP) em um Centro de Materiais e Esterilização. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizado em uma clínica particular de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Foram avaliados 26 formulários com 102 testes de ATP entre maio de 2017 e maio de 2018. Resultados: Os valores dos testes de ATP nos canulados variaram de 55 a 206 unidades relativas de luz (RLU), com média de 124±46. Para instrumentais, os resultados alternaram entre 14 e 82 RLU, com média de 54±28. Conclusão: Os testes de ATP não são específicos, mas sugerem ausência de resíduos em todos os instrumentais. Conclui-se que uma estrutura física adequada, protocolos de limpeza baseados em evidências e o gerenciamento de recursos materiais e humanos contribuem para a garantia da qualidade do processo de limpeza.

Purpose: Evaluating the cleaning quality of health products by using the surface adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test in a Central Sterile Services Department. Method: It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted in a private clinic in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Twenty-six survey forms with 102 ATP tests were evaluated between May 2017 and May 2018. Results: The numbers in ATP tests in the lumened instruments vary from 55 to 206 relative luminescence units (RLU), with a mean of 124±46. In surgical instruments, results alternated between 14 and 82 RLU, with a mean of 54±28. Conclusion: ATP tests are not specific, but they suggest absence of residues in all the instruments. The conclusion is that a proper physical structure, evidence-based cleaning protocols and human and material resource management contribute to ensure the cleaning process quality

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la limpieza de los productos para la salud utilizando el test de superficie adenosín trifosfato (ATP) en un Centro de Materiales y Esterilización. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo, de naturaleza cuantitativa, realizado en una clínica particular de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Fueron evaluados 26 formularios con 102 test de ATP entre mayo de 2017 y mayo de 2018. Resultados: Los valores de los test de ATP en las cánulas variaron de 55 a 206 unidades relativas de luz (RLU), con promedio de 124±46. Para instrumentales, los resultados alternaron entre 14 y 82 RLU, con promedio de 54±28. Conclusión: Los test de ATP no son específicos, pero sugieren ausencia de residuos en todos los instrumentales. Se concluye que una estructura física adecuada, protocolos de limpieza basados en evidencias y la gestión de recursos materiales y humanos contribuyen para la garantía de la calidad del proceso de limpieza

Evaluation of an Amplified ATP Bioluminescence Method for Rapid Sterility Testing of Large Volume Parenteral

The sterility test described in pharmacopoeial compendia requires a 14-day incubation period to obtain a valid analytical result. Therefore, the use of alternative methods to evaluate the sterility of pharmaceuticals, such as the BacT/Alert® 3D system, is particularly interesting, because it allows a reduced incubation period and lower associated costs. Considering that the BacT/Alert® 3D system offers several culture media formulations developed for this microbial detection system, the present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of BacT/Alert® 3D with the pharmacopoeial sterility test. There was no significant difference between the ability of the culture media to allow detection of microbial contamination. However, the rapid sterility testing method allowed a more rapid detection of the challenge microorganisms, which indicates that the system is a viable alternative for assessing the sterility of injectable products.

The role of the exogenous supply of adenosine triphosphate in the expression of Bax and Bcl2L1 genes in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the role of the exogenous supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the expression of Bax and Bcl2L1 genes in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in rats. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessment of the outcome. Eighteen adult male Wistar-EPM1 rats were housed under controlled temperature and light conditions (22-23°C, 12 h light/dark cycle). The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1. Sham group (SG): no clamping of the superior mesenteric artery; 2. Ischemia and reperfusion group (IRG): 3. Ischemia and reperfusion plus ATP (IRG + ATP). ATP was injected in the femoral vein before and after ischemia. Afterwards, intestinal segments were appropriately removed and processed for Endothelial Cell Biology Rat RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Results: ATP promoted the upregulation of Bcl2L1 gene expression, whereas it did not have significant effects on Bax gene expression. In addition, the relation of Bax/Bcl2L1 gene expression in the IRG group was 1.39, whereas it was 0.43 in the IRG + ATP group. Bcl2L1 plays a crucial role in protecting against intestinal apoptosis after ischemia and reperfusion. Increased Bcl2L1 expression can inhibit apoptosis while decreased Bcl2L1 expression can trigger apoptosis. Conclusion: Adenosine triphosphate was associated with antiapoptotic effects on the rat intestine ischemia and reperfusion by upregulating of Bcl2L1 gene expression.

Valor diagnóstico de variables lipídicas y antropométricas en las disfunciones metabólicas / Diagnostic value of lipid and anthropometric variables in metabolic dysfunctions / Valor diagnóstico de variáveis lipídicas e antropométricas nas disfunções metabólicas

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el desempeño de detección del índice de disfunción metabólica (IDM) construido a partir de los valores de circunferencia abdominal, triglicéridos e índice de masa corporal. Se estudiaron 829 sujetos (327 de sexo masculino, 60,4±19,8 años). Se establecieron los diagnósticos de resistencia a la insulina (RI), y síndrome metabólico según los criterios del HOMA-IR, NCEP-ATP III (SM) y NCEP-ATP III revisado (SM-R). Se usó el área bajo las curvas ROC (ABC), los puntos de corte óptimo (PCO), sensibilidad (SEN), especificidad (ESP), valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) para la evaluación del desempeño del IDM. Se pudo constatar que el IDM tiene una capacidad de detección aceptable puesto que se observó un ABC>0,75 en todos los casos. Además, se encontraron valores mayores (p<0,01) de IDM en los grupos con SM, SM-R y RI en comparación con los grupos que no padecían las patologías. Adicionalmente, los PCO para la RI (IDM>21,01), SM (IDM>16,01) y el SM-R (IDM>19,51) reportaron valores de ESP, SEN, VPN mayores que 0,70. Por tanto, a partir de un índice compuesto por tres variables tomadas de un estudio médico de rutina, se pueden diagnosticar dos patologías que conllevan al desarrollo de la diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of metabolic dysfunction index (MDI) detection constructed from the values of abdominal circumference, triglycerides and body mass index. A total of 829 subjects (327 males, 60.4±19.8 years), diagnosed with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome according to the HOMA-IR, NCEP-ATP III (SM) and NCEP -ATP III revised (SM-R) criteria were studied. The area under the ROC curves (AUC), the optimal cut-off points (OCP), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) were used to evaluate the performance of the MDI. It was found that the MDI has an acceptable detection capacity since an AUC>0.75 was observed in all cases, and higher values (p<0.01) of MDI were found in the groups with SM, SM-R and IR compared to groups that do not suffer from the pathologies. Additionally, the OCPs for IR (MDI>21.01), SM (MDI>16.01) and SM-R (MDI>19.51) reported values of SPE, SEN, NPV greater than 0.70. Therefore, from an index composed of three variables taken from a routine medical study, two pathologies can be diagnosed that lead to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de detecção do índice de disfunção metabólica (IDM) construído a partir dos valores de circunferência abdominal, triglicerídeos e índice de massa corporal. Foram estudados 829 indivíduos (327 homens, 60,4±19,8 anos), estableceram-se os diagnósticos de resistência à insulina (RI) e síndrome metabólica de acordo com os critérios de HOMA-RI, NCEP-ATP III (SM) e NCEP-ATP III revisado (SM-R). A área sob as curvas ROC (ABC), os pontos de corte ótimo (PCO), sensibilidade (SEN), especificidade (ESP), valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) foram utilizados para avaliar o desempenho do IDM. Verificou-se que o IDM possui uma capacidade de detecção aceitável, visto que uma ABC>0,75 foi observada em todos os casos. Valores maiores (p<0,01) de IDM foram encontrados nos grupos com SM, SM- R e RI em comparação com grupos que não sofrem com as patologias. Além disso, os PCOs para a RI (IDM>21.01), SM (IDM>16.01) e SM-R (IDM>19.51), relataram valores de ESP, SEN, VPN maiores que 0,70. Portanto, a partir de um índice composto por três variáveis de um estudo médico de rotina, duas patologias podem ser diagnosticadas que levam ao desenvolvimento de diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares.

Bioluminiscencia: Herramienta de Medición y Análisis en Lavado de Manos Clínico Aplicado a la Odontología / Bioluminiscence Measurement Tool and Analysis in Clinical Hand Washing Technique Applied to Dentistry

RESUMEN: El estudio fue realizado en 40 estudiantes de ambos sexos, que cursaban 2° año el año 2017 de la carrera de Odontología, en estudiantes de la Universidad de La Frontera. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad de la técnica de Lavado de Manos Clínico (LMC) demostrando el grado de eficiencia, mediante Bioluminiscencia. La técnica que permite una medición cuantitativa rápida de los residuos orgánicos de superficie, por la cuantificación de cantidad de Adenosín Trifosfato (ATP). Empleándose un Luminómetro, 3M™ Clean-Trace™, se programó la medición de contaminación en dos puntos claves, región interdigital e hiponiquio, en ambas manos, por medio de la lectura de Unidades Relativas de Luz (URL). Se analizó la contaminación previa a la técnica de LMC y posterior al desarrollo de la técnica, en las regiones indicadas, por medio de Hisopado v/s aprobación/rechazo considerando como Aprobado <250 URL y Rechazado >251 URL., nivel de contaminación v/s sexo, y distribución de aprobación/rechazo tanto antes y después de realizada la técnica de LMC. El muestreo previo al LMC determinó en todas las localizaciones muestreadas existen rangos de aprobación/ rechazo entre 35-42,5 % / 57,5-65 %, encontrándose la mayor contaminación en ambas manos en hiponiquio. Posteriormente de realizada la técnica de LMC el rango de corte de aprobación/rechazo fue de 80-90 % / 10-20 %, el porcentaje más alto se pesquisó en mano izquierda hiponiquio. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS Statistics for Windows, análisis descriptivo, prueba t- test, prueba de Levene. Un valor de p < 0,05 para significancia. Obteniéndose diferencias significativas en análisis del valor la media, según zonas de muestreo y rangos de aprobación/rechazo en URL, que varían entre p=0,000 y p=0,015, que se presentó en mano izquierda zona interdigital posterior al LMC. Según la media concluimos que las regiones hisopadas tanto previas y posteriores a la ejecución del LMC en hiponiquio la piel está más contaminada, que es paradojal ya que la técnica incorpora un acento en esta localización, tiene un mejor acceso y contacto con jabón y agua.

SUMMARY: The study was conducted in 40 undergraduate students of both sexes, who were in the 2nd year of the 2017 year enrolled in the Undergraduate Dentistry Program of the Universidad de La Frontera. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Clinical Hand Washing technique (CML), demonstrating the degree of efficiency and implementing improvement behaviors of the technique using Bioluminescence. This technique allows a rapid quantitative measurement of organic residues on a surface by quantifying the amount of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). For that purpose, a Luminometer, 3M™ Clean-Trace™, was used to obtain the contamination level in two key points, Interdigital Region and Hyponychium, of both hands by quantification of Relative Light Units (URL). Hand contamination prior to CML and after the development of the technique was tested in the Interdigital and Hyponychium regions of both hands, through surface ATP swab considering as Approved <250 URL and Rejected > 251 URL. Also, the level of contamination v/s sex, and approval/rejection distribution before and after the CML were tested. The approval/rejection range for pre-CML sampling at all selected locations was 35-42.5 % / 57.5-65 %, fin ding the highest contamination rate in Hyponychium in both hands. After performing the CML we obtained 90 % of approval in all sites, with a 10 % rejection rate; the highest percentage was surveyed on left hand Hyponychium. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, a descriptive analysis, test t-test for independent samples, test of homogeneity of Levene variances. A p value <0.05 was established for statistical significance. There were significant differences in analysis of the mean value, according to sampling zones and URL approval / rejection ranges, ranging from p = 0.000 to p = 0.015 (Interdigital region of left hand, post-LA TÉCNICA DE LMC). The left hand presented greater contamination in both swab areas both before and after the execution of CML. The most contaminated region was the Hyponychium, which was paradoxical, because the technique emphasizes the hygiene of this location and has better access and contact with soap and water.

Involvement of K+ATP and Ca2+ channels in hydrogen sulfide-suppressed ageing of porcine oocytes

BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide has been shown to improve the quality of oocytes destined for in vitro fertilization. Although hydrogen sulfide is capable of modulating ion channel activity in somatic cells, the role of hydrogen sulfide in gametes and embryos remains unknown. Our observations confirmed the hypothesis that the KATP and L-type Ca2+ ion channels play roles in porcine oocyte ageing and revealed a plausible contribution of hydrogen sulfide to the modulation of ion channel activity. RESULTS: We confirmed the benefits of the activation and suppression of the KATP and L-type Ca2+ ion channels, respectively, for the preservation of oocyte quality. CONCLUSIONS: Our experiments identified hydrogen sulfide as promoting the desired ion channel activity, with the capacity to protect porcine oocytes against cell death. Further experiments are needed to determine the exact mechanism of hydrogen sulfide in gametes and embryos.

Nitric oxide modulates ATP-evoked currents in mouse Leydig cells

Testosterone synthesis within Leydig cells is a calcium-dependent process. Intracellular calcium levels are regulated by different processes including ATP-activated P2X purinergic receptors, T-type Ca2+ channels modulated by the luteinizing hormone, and intracellular calcium storages recruited by a calcium-induced calcium release mechanism. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) is reported to have an inhibitory role in testosterone production. Based on these observations, we investigated the interaction between the purinergic and nitrergic systems in Leydig cells of adult mice. For this purpose, we recorded ATP-evoked currents in isolated Leydig cells using the whole cell patch clamp technique after treatment with L-NAME (300 μM and 1 mM), L-arginine (10, 100, 300, and 500 μM), ODQ (300 μM), and 8-Br-cGMP (100 μM). Our results show that NO produced by Leydig cells in basal conditions is insufficient to change the ATP-evoked currents and that extra NO provided by adding 300 μM L-arginine positively modulates the current through a mechanism involving the NO/cGMP signaling pathway. Thus, we report an interaction between the nitrergic and purinergic systems in Leydig cells and suggest that Ca2+ entry via the purinergic receptors can be regulated by NO.

Importancia del proceso de limpieza y desinfección de superficies críticas en un servicio dental: impacto de un programa de intervención / Importance of cleaning and disinfection of critical surfaces in dental health services: impact of an intervention program

Resumen Introducción La atención odontológica se ha transformado en un desafío para los programas de prevención y control de infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud (IAAS), dado que el ambiente, entre otros factores, juega un rol importante en la cadena de transmisión. Método Se realizó un programa de intervención en el Servicio de Dental del Hospital Militar de Santiago, entre los años 2014-2015, que contempló tres etapas: etapa diagnóstica, de intervención y de evaluación. Objetivo Mejorar la seguridad de las superficies críticas involucradas en la atención dental. Resultados Durante la etapa diagnóstica se constató que el proceso de limpieza y desinfección era deficiente. La superficie crítica más contaminada fue la unidad porta-instrumental, luego el área limpia y la manilla de la lámpara. Las superficies que redujeron significativamente su contaminación, posterior a la intervención, fueron el área limpia y la unidad porta-instrumental. Conclusiones La capacitación en relación a los procesos de limpieza y desinfección de superficies y del equipamiento dental es una de las estrategias costo-eficientes en la prevención de las IAAS, sencilla y fácil de aplicar.

Introduction Dental care has become a challenge for healthcare associated infection prevention programs, since the environment, within other factors, plays an important role in the transmission chain. Materials and Methods An intervention program was designed for the Dental Unit of Hospital Militar de Santiago, between years 2014 and 2015. The program contemplated 3 stages: diagnostic, intervention and evaluation stage. Objective To improve the safety of critical surfaces involved in dental healthcare. Results During the diagnostic stage, the cleaning and disinfection process was found to be deficient. The most contaminated critical surface was the instrument holder unit, then the clean area and lamp handle. The surfaces that significantly reduced their contamination, after the intervention, were the clean area and the instrument carrier unit. Conclusion Training in the processes of cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and dental equipment is one of the cost-effective strategies in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI), with simple and easy-to-apply methods.

Autofagia, una estrategia de supervivencia celular / Autophagy. A strategy for cell survival

La autofagia es un proceso de reciclado de partes de la célula. Como se describe en esta revisión, ocurre naturalmente preservando a las células de la acumulación de toxinas, moléculas y organelas dañadas y además permite los procesos de desarrollo y diferenciación de los tejidos. En el transcurso de la autofagia, el procesamiento de los sustratos a reciclar genera ATP, lo que constituye una fuente alternativa de energía en situaciones de estrés. En este sentido, bajo condiciones hostiles como hipoxia o falta de nutrientes, el proceso puede dispararse de modo exacerbado llevando a la muerte celular. Algunas alteraciones en su funcionamiento pueden involucrar el desarrollo de diversas patologías, tales como el daño hepático, el cáncer y las enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

Autophagy is a process of recycling parts of the cell. As described in this review, it occurs naturally in order to preserve cells from the accumulation of toxins, damaged molecules and organelles, and to allow processes of tissue development and differentiation. In the course of autophagy, the processing of the substrates to be recycled generates ATP, thus providing an alternative source of energy in stress situations. In this sense, under hostile conditions such as hypoxia or lack of nutrients, the autophagy process can be exacerbated leading to cell death. Some alterations in its functioning may involve the development of various pathologies, including liver damage, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

Hipertermia maligna no centro cirúrgico: a equipe de enfermagem sabe reconhecer e intervir? / Malignant hyperthermia in the operating room: can the nursing team recognize it and intervene? / Hipertermia maligna en el centro quirúrgico: ¿el equipo de enfermería sabe reconocer e intervenir?

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem do bloco cirúrgico (BC) sobre diagnóstico e tratamento da hipertermia maligna. Método: Pesquisa de campo, correlacional, análise quantitativa. Coleta de dados junto a 50 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem (34 técnicos e 16 enfermeiros) que atuam nos dois BC de um hospital particular de extraporte de São Paulo, que responderam dez questões de múltipla escolha (seis de diagnóstico e quatro de tratamento). Análise descritiva e comparação de médias por teste t de Student. Resultados: Obteve-se médias de acertos de 62,5% nas questões de diagnóstico e de 71,2% nas de tratamento; a porcentagem de acertos em diagnóstico foi significativamente menor do que em tratamento (p=0,007); média de acertos de 6,52 (6,4 para técnicos e 6,8 para enfermeiros); não houve significância quanto ao total de acertos entre os dois grupos (p>0,05). Conclusão: Os profissionais demonstraram conhecimento razoável sobre hipertermia maligna, evidenciando mais de 50,0% de acertos.

Objective: To assess the knowledge of the nursing team of the operating room (OR), on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia. Method: Field research, correlational, with quantitative analysis. Data collection from the 50 nursing team professionals (34 technicians and 16 nurses) working in the OR of a private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, who answered 10 questions (six on diagnostics, and four on treatment). Descriptive analysis and comparison of means, using the Student t test. Results: Average of correct answers in 62.5% of the diagnostic questions, and in 71.2% of the treatment questions; percentage of correct answers in diagnosis was significantly lower than in treatment (p=0.007); average of 6.52 correct answers (6.4 for technical and 6.8 for nurses); there was no significance for the total of hits between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The nursing staff had reasonable knowledge of malignant hyperthermia, showing more than 50.0% accuracy.

Objetivo: Verificar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería del bloque quirúrgico (BC) sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hipertermia maligna. Método: Estudio de campo, correlacional, análisis cuantitativo. Colecta de datos junto a 50 profesionales del equipo de enfermería (34 técnicos y 16 enfermeros) que actúan en los dos BC de un hospital particular de extraporte de São Paulo, que respondieron diez cuestiones de múltiple elección (seis de diagnóstico y cuatro de tratamiento). Análisis descriptivo y comparación de promedios por test t de Student. Resultados: Se obtuvieron promedios de aciertos del 62,5% en las preguntas de diagnóstico y del 71,2% en las de tratamiento; el porcentaje de aciertos en diagnóstico fue significativamente menor de que en tratamiento (p=0,007); promedio de aciertos de 6,52 (6,4 para técnicos y 6,8 para enfermeros); no hubo significancia cuanto al total de aciertos entre los dos grupos (p>0,05). Conclusión: Los profesionales demostraron conocimiento razonable sobre hipertermia maligna, evidenciando más del 50,0% de aciertos.

Proteomic changes in a childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line during the adaptation to vincristine / Cambios en el proteoma de una línea celular de leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil durante la adaptación a vincristina

Abstract: Introduction: Relapse occurs in approximately 20% of Mexican patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this group, chemoresistance may be one of the biggest challenges. An overview of complex cellular processes like drug tolerance can be achieved with proteomic studies. Methods: The B-lineage pediatric ALL cell line CCRF-SB was gradually exposed to the chemotherapeutic vincristine until proliferation was observed at 6 nM, control cells were cultured in the absence of vincristine. The proteome from each group was analyzed by nanoHPLC coupled to an ESI-ion trap mass spectrometer. The identified proteins were grouped into over-represented functional categories with the PANTHER classification system. Results: We found 135 proteins exclusively expressed in the presence of vincristine. The most represented functional categories were: Toll receptor signaling pathway, Ras Pathway, B and T cell activation, CCKR signaling map, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions: Our study indicates that signal transduction and mitochondrial ATP production are essential during adaptation of leukemic cells to vincristine, these processes represent potential therapeutic targets.

Resumen: Introducción: Aproximadamente el 20% de los pacientes mexicanos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) infantil presentan recaídas. En este grupo, la quimiorresistencia es uno de los principales desafíos. Los estudios proteómicos pueden dar un panorama general de procesos celulares complejos como la tolerancia a fármacos. Métodos: La línea celular de LLA de linaje B, CCRF-SB, fue expuesta de manera gradual al fármaco quimioterapéutico vincristina hasta observar proliferación celular en presencia de 6 nM, como control se cultivaron células en ausencia del fármaco. Se analizó el proteoma de cada grupo mediante nanoHPLC acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas de tipo trampa de iones. Las proteínas identificadas se agruparon en categorías funcionales sobre-representadas con el sistema de clasificación PANTHER. Resultados: Encontramos 135 proteínas expresadas exclusivamente en presencia de vincristina. Las categorías funcionales más representadas fueron la señalización asociada a los receptores tipo Toll, señalización dependiente de Ras, activación de células B y T, mapa de señalización CCKR, señalización mediada por citoquinas y la fosforilación oxidativa. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio indica que la transducción de señales y la producción de ATP mitocondrial son procesos esenciales durante la adaptación de células leucémicas a vincristina por lo que estos procesos representan potenciales blancos terapéuticos.