Quiste meniscal posterior a la sutura meniscal con monofilamento de polipropileno / Meniscal cyst after polypropylene monofilament suture

Introducción: la función del tejido meniscal es fundamental en la transmisión y distribución de cargas de la rodilla. En casos de lesión meniscal, la sutura es el tratamiento quirúrgico de elección, y pueden utilizarse diferentes materiales para realizarla. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la aparición de quistes meniscales sintomáticos con el uso de sutura no reabsorbible del tipo monofilamento de polipropileno en un grupo de pacientes con lesiones en asa de balde y evaluar el material de sutura como causal de quiste.Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de un grupo de pacientes con lesiones en asa de balde suturadas con material no reabsorbible del tipo monofilamento de polipropileno (MP) y sutura de alta resistencia de polietileno de ultra alto peso molecular UHMWPE (SAR) y se analizó la presencia de quiste meniscal sintomático como complicación. Los criterios de inclusión para este estudio fueron pacientes con lesiones en asa de balde a los cuales se les realizó sutura meniscal con técnicas combinadas con material de tipo no reabsorbible. Se excluyeron pacientes con lesiones que no fueran con patrón en asa de balde o a los cuales se les hizo sutura meniscal todo-adentro únicamente.Resultados: un total de veinticinco pacientes, quince de sexo masculino y diez de sexo femenino. La edad media del grupo evaluado fue de 27.8 años. El 72% fue suturado con sutura de alta resistencia (SAR) mientras que a un 28% se les realizó sutura con monofilamento de polipropileno (MP). El 92% de las lesiones se presentaron en el menisco interno. Se observaron tres pacientes con quistes meniscales sintomáticos asociados a la sutura MP, los cuales fueron tratados quirúrgicamente con buena evolución. Conclusión: identificamos en nuestra serie que la aparición de quistes sintomáticos se relaciona estrechamente con el uso de monofilamento de polipropileno (MP). Consideramos la utilización de hilos no reabsorbibles de alta resistencia (polietileno de ultra alto peso molecular UHMWPE) como la primera opción para realizar las suturas meniscales por la baja tasa de complicación y los buenos resultados. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: The function of the meniscal tissue is fundamental in the transmission and distribution of knee loads. In cases of meniscal injury, suturing is the surgical treatment of choice, and different materials can be used to perform it. The aim of the work is to analyze the appearance of symptomatic meniscal cysts with the use of non-absorbable polypropylene monofilament suture in a group of patients with bucket handle injuries and to evaluate the suture material as a cause of the cyst. Materials and methods: a retrospective study was carried out on a group of patients with bucket-handle injuries sutured with non-absorbable polypropylene monofilament (MP) material and high-strength ultra-high molecular weight UHMWPE polyethylene (SAR) suture and the presence of a symptomatic meniscal cyst as a complication was analyzed. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients with bucket-handle injuries in whom meniscal suture was performed with combined techniques with non-resorbable material. Patients with injuries other than a bucket-handle pattern or who underwent all-in meniscal suturing only were excluded.Results: a total of twenty-five patients, fifteen males and ten females. The average age of the evaluated group was 27.8 years. 72% were sutured with high resistance suture (SAR) while 28% were sutured with polypropylene monofilament (MP). 92% of the injuries occurred in the medial meniscus. Three patients were observed with symptomatic meniscal cysts associated with the MP suture, which were treated surgically with good outcomes. Conclusion: we identified in our series that the appearance of symptomatic cysts is closely related to the use of polypropylene monofilament (MP). We consider the use of high-strength non-absorbable threads (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UHMWPE) as the first option to perform meniscal sutures due to the low complication rate and good results. Level of Evidence: IV

Fijación con sutura de alta resistencia para fracturas de metacarpianos / High-strength suture fixation in metacarpal fractures

Introducción: Las fracturas de metacarpianos son comunes en la práctica traumatológica. El cirujano dispone de diferentes opciones cuando decide implementar un tratamiento quirúrgico, como fijación percutánea con agujas de Kirschner, reducción abierta y fijación interna con placas y tornillos, tornillos interfragmentarios y tornillos endomedulares, entre otras. materiales y métodos: Se trató a 19 pacientes con fracturas diafisarias oblicuas largas o espiroideas del 2.° al 5.° metacarpiano mediante la reducción abierta y fijación interna con suturas de alta resistencia. El tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue de 20 meses. Se utilizaron radiografías y escalas funcionales para documentar los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: La fractura consolidó en todos los pacientes quienes retornaron a sus actividades en un promedio de 2.3 meses. Un paciente perdió la reducción inicial por no respetar las indicaciones médicas, pero la fractura consolidó sin necesidad de una nueva intervención. Conclusión: El método propuesto proporcionó una reducción anatómica, una fijación estable libre de metal y buenos resultados funcionales. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Metacarpal fractures are highly prevalent in traumatology. When a surgeon determines that surgical treatment is required, numerous techniques are available, including K-wire fixation, open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws, interfragmentary screws, and intramedullary screws, among others. Materials and methods: This study included 19 patients with long oblique or spiral shaft fractures of the second to fifth metacarpals, who were treated with open reduction and high-strength suture internal fixation. The average follow-up period was 20 months. Radiographs and functional scales were used to document clinical outcomes. Results: Fracture consolidation was achieved in all patients, and they were able to resume their previous activities after an average of 2.3 months. One patient lost the initial reduction due to a failure to comply with medical instructions but achieved fracture consolidation without the need for additional procedures. Conclusion: The technique described herein provided a strong metal-free fixation with good clinical outcomes at a low cost. Level of Evidence: IV

Laceração de canalículo lacrimal em centro de referência do centro-oeste paulista / Lacrimal canaliculus laceration in a reference center in the Center-West of the state of São Paulo

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas, técnicas cirúrgicas e resultado do tratamento das lacerações canaliculares operadas em nosso serviço. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado de janeiro de 2012 a junho de 2020, considerando-se as lesões de canalículo lacrimal operadas em um serviço de referência. Dados demográficos, características das lesões, detalhes das cirurgias e resultado do tratamento foram obtidos de prontuários eletrônicos e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 26 portadores de lesões canaliculares, com idade entre 2 e 71 anos, sendo 73,1% homens. A lesão acometia o canalículo superior em 53,9%; 80,8% pacientes procuraram pelo serviço nas primeiras 24 horas, e 46,2% tiveram a cirurgia realizada entre 24 e 72 horas após o traumatismo. Todos os pacientes tiveram intubação mono ou bicanalicular, e o tempo transcorrido entre a cirurgia e a retirada do silicone, variou de zero a 183 dias. Após a cirurgia, 21 pacientes (80,8%; p<0,05) não apresentaram complicações, 2 (7,7%) evoluíram com obstrução canalicular, 2 (7,7%) com granuloma e 1 (3,8%) com ectrópio de ponto lacrimal. Conclusão: As lesões de canalículo encontradas em nossa prática são mais comuns em crianças ou homens jovens, acometem mais o canalículo superior e as nossas condutas levam a sucesso no tratamento na maior parte dos casos. As grandes controvérsias no assunto persistem, como o tipo e o tempo de permanência do tubo de silicone na via lacrimal. Somente estudos com grandes amostras podem consolidar esses conceitos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, surgical techniques, and results of the canalicular laceration treatment at our service. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 2012 to June 2020, considering canalicular injuries operated at a reference center. Demographic data, lesion characteristics, surgical details, and treatment outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records and were statistically analyzed. Results: Twenty-six cases of people with canalicular lesions aged between 2 to 71 years old were included, of whom 73.1% were men. The superior canaliculus was affected in 53.9%; 80.8% of patients searched for care within the first 24 hours, and 46.2% had the surgery performed between 24-72 hours after trauma. All patients had mono or bicanalicular intubation and the time elapsed between surgery and silicone removal ranged from 0 to 183 days. After surgery, 21 patients (80.8%, p<0.05) did not present any complications, two (7.7%) evolved with canalicular obstruction, two (7.7%) with granuloma, and one (3.8 %) with lacrimal puncta ectropion. Conclusion: In our practice, canalicular injuries are more common in children or young men, affecting mainly the superior canaliculus, and treatment success using our approach can be achieved in most of the cases. However, great controversies remain on the subject, such as type of intubation and when to remove the silicone tube from the lacrimal pathway. Larger series are required to consolidate controversial concepts.

Validity of the Maturation Stage Method in the Individual Assessment of Midpalatal Suture Ossification Before Maxillary Expansion: A Systematic Review / Validez del Método de la Etapa de Maduración en la Evaluación Individual de la Osificación de la Sutura Palatina Mediana Previo a la Expansión Maxilar: Una Revisión Sistemática

In 2013, midpalatal suture maturation stage assessment was proposed for the evaluation of patients before performing maxillary expansion. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between the midpalatal suture maturation stages assessed by CBCT, according to the method described by Angelieri et al., and other objective methods used to assess skeletal maturation or bone fusion. A computerized database search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus, without language restriction. Unpublished literature was searched on ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register, and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Authors were contacted when necessary, and reference lists of the included studies were screened. Search terms included midpalatal suture, maturation, correlation, diagnostic performance, classification, evaluation, assessment, and relationship. Quality assessment was performed using the Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies tool developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Of all the studies included, 81.9% had fair qualit y and 18.1% good quality, respectively. Eight out of eleven studies assessed the correlation between the midpalatal suture maturation method and the skeletal maturity evaluated by CVM method (Spearman's correlation coefficient: 0.244-0.908). Two out of eleven studies evaluated the correlation between midpalatal suture maturation method and the skeletal maturity assessed by HWM method (Spearman's correlation coefficient: 0.904-0.905) Even though midpalatal suture maturation stage assessment needs an exhaustive training and calibration process, it is a valid method to evaluate skeletal maturation or bone fusion. From a clinical perspective, for patients at CS4, CS5 and CS6, an assessment of the midpalatal suture on CBCT is indicated. A similar assessment should be done in patients at SMI 7-9.

En 2013, se propuso un nuevo método para la evaluación del estadio de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana para la evaluación de los pacientes antes de realizar la expansión maxilar. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue analizar la asociación entre las etapas de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana evaluada en CBCT, según el método descrito por Angelieri et al., y otros métodos objetivos utilizados para evaluar la maduración esquelética o la fusión ósea. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science y Scopus, sin restricción de idioma. Se buscó literatura no publicada en ClinicalTrials.gov, el Registro Nacional de Investigación y la base de datos Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis. Se estableció contacto con los autores cuando fue necesario y se revisaron las listas de referencias de los estudios incluidos. Los términos de búsqueda incluyeron sutura palatina mediana, maduración, correlación, rendimiento diagnóstico, clasificación, evaluación, valoración y relación. La evaluación de la calidad se realizó mediante la herramienta de Estudios transversales y de cohortes observacionales desarrollada por el Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre. Once estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Del total de estudios incluidos, el 81.9% tuvo calidad regular y el 18.1% calidad buena, respectivamente. Ocho de once estudios evaluaron la correlación entre el método de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana y la madurez esquelética evaluada por el método CVM (coeficiente de correlación de Spearman: 0.244-0.908). Dos de once estudios evaluaron la correlación entre el método de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana y la madurez esquelética evaluada por el método HWM (coeficiente de correlación de Spearman: 0.904-0.905). Aunque la evaluación del estado de maduración de la sutura palatina mediana necesita un proceso exhaustivo de entrenamiento y calibración, es un método válido para evaluar la maduración esquelética o la fusión ósea. Desde una perspectiva clínica, para pacientes en CS4, CS5 y CS6, está indicada una evaluación de la sutura palatina mediana en CBCT. Se debe realizar una evaluación similar en pacientes con SMI 7-9.

Rotura aguda del tendón de Aquiles tratadas quirúrgicamente con Técnica de Mínimo Abordaje. Resultados clínicos y funcionales a un año de seguimiento / Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon surgically treated with the Minimal Approach Technique. Clinical and functional results at one year of follow-up

Se deben tener consideraciones especiales cuando se realizan reparaciones quirúrgicas del tendón de Aquiles. Su anatomía e irrigación particular plantean desafíos únicos para el manejo, y tener comprensión profunda de estas características es crucial para escoger el tratamiento adecuado y lograr resultados exitosos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la eficiencia de la reparación quirúrgica de la rotura aguda del tendón de Aquiles con técnica de Dresden, entre el 2015 y el 2021. Se realizó un estudio de tipo analítico, observacional, longitudinal y prospectiva. El análisis del aspecto estadístico fue a través de estadística descriptiva y asociación de las variables. Se incluyeron 34 pacientes con un promedio de 42 años, la mayoría de sexo masculino. Al aplicar las escalas VISA-A se obtuvo un promedio de 12 puntos, 67,5 puntos a los 6 meses y 80,5 puntos a los 12 meses. En la encuesta SF-12 a los 6 meses se obtuvo un promedio de 68,5 puntos y 80 puntos a los 12 meses; un paciente presentó rechazo de la sutura y 6 afirmaron algún grado de edema residual aun al año de la cirugía. La reparación quirúrgica con técnica de Dresden mejora la funcionabilidad del tendón de malos resultados a regulares y buenos resultados al año de seguimiento. El 68% de la población estudiada afirmó que se encuentran satisfechos con la cirugía(AU)

Special considerations must be made when performing surgical repairs of the Achilles tendon. Its particular anatomy and blood supply pose unique management challenges, and a thorough understanding of these characteristics is crucial to choosing the right treatment and achieving successful results. The objective of this work is to analyze the efficiency of the surgical repair of the acute rupture of the Achilles tendon with the Dresden technique, between 2015 and 2021. An analytical, observational, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out. The analysis of the statistical aspect was through descriptive statistics and association of the variables. 34 patients with an average age of 42 years were included, most of them male. When applying the VISA-A scales, an average of 12 points was obtained, 67,5 points at 6 months and 80,5 points at 12 months. In the SF-12 survey at 6 months an average of 68,5 points and 80 points at 12 months were obtained; One patient presented rejection of the suture and 6 reported some degree of residual edema even one year after surgery. Surgical repair with the Dresden technique improves the functionality of the tendon from poor to regular results and good results after a year of follow-up. 68% of the population studied stated that they are satisfied with the surgery(AU)

Sutura meniscal en deportistas: análisis de fallas y retorno al deporte / Meniscal suture in athletes: Failure analysis and return to Sport

Introducción: La sutura meniscal es una técnica cada vez más utilizada en pacientes con lesiones meniscales, con buenos resultados en la población general. Sin embargo, los estudios realizados en pacientes deportistas son escasos. Se analizaron las fallas de la sutura meniscal y el retorno al deporte en pacientes deportistas, y se identificaron posibles factores asociados. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente 61 suturas meniscales en deportistas (puntaje de Tegner ≥6) con un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Cuarenta y nueve eran lesiones aisladas y 12 se asociaban con plástica del ligamento cruzado anterior. El seguimiento promedio fue de 61 meses y los pacientes fueron evaluados con los puntajes de Tegner y de Lysholm. Resultados: Se constató la falla de la sutura meniscal en 12 (19,67%) pacientes; la falla ocurrió, en promedio, 14 meses poscirugía. Nueve fallas se produjeron en suturas aisladas y 3 se asociaron con plástica del ligamento cruzado anterior (p <0,05). El menisco que más falló fue el interno. El 75% corresponde a pacientes que practicaban un deporte de contacto y pivote (p <0,05). Los pacientes que no sufrieron falla pudieron continuar con la misma actividad deportiva que antes de la lesión y el puntaje de Lysholm había mejorado significativamente (p <0,05). Conclusiones: Las fallas fueron significativamente más frecuentes en meniscos internos, suturas aisladas, lesiones en asa de balde, y deportes de contacto y pivote. Consideramos que la sutura meniscal es una excelente opción quirúrgica para pacientes deportistas, ya que un alto porcentaje de ellos retorna al deporte. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Meniscal suturing is a technique increasingly used in patients with meniscal lesions, with good outcomes in the general population. However, research on athletes is limited. Meniscal suture failures and return to sport in athletes were analy-zed, and possible contributing factors were identified. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one meniscal sutures in athletes (Tegner score ≥6) with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were retrospectively evaluated. Forty-nine were isolated lesions and 12 were associated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The average follow-up was 61 months and patients were evaluated with Tegner and Lysholm scores. Results: Meniscal suture failure was noted in 12 (19.67%) patients; failure occurred, on average, 14 months post-surgery. Nine failures occurred in isolated sutures and 3 were associated with anterior cruciate ligament recons-truction (p<0.05). The meniscus that failed the most was the internal meniscus. Seventy-five percent corresponded to patients who practiced pivot-contact sports (p<0.05). Patients who did not suffer failure were able to continue with the same sporting activity as before the injury and the Lysholm score had significantly improved (p<0.05). Conclusions: Failures were significantly more frequent in internal menisci, isolated sutures, bucket-handle injuries, and pivot-contact sports. We believe that meniscal suture is an excellent surgical option for athletic patients because a high percentage of them return to sports. Level of Evidence: IV

Fios de sutura: um mapeamento da propriedade intelectual / Suture threads: a mapping of intellectual property / Hilos de sutura: un mapeo de la propiedad intelectual

Objetivo: Determinar a situação atual das patentes de produtos e processos tecnológicos relacionados a fios de sutura depositados no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil. Metodologia: Foi realizado um levantamento dos depósitos na base de dados do instituto durante o mês de agosto de 2020. Resultados: Verificaram-se 72 patentes, tendo o Brasil como o maior depositante. As patentes depositadas foram categorizadas em 13 classificações internacionais de patentes, sendo a mais frequente a A61B, cujo objetivo é abranger instrumentos, implementos e processos para fins de diagnóstico e cirurgia. O setor tecnológico de equipamentos e dispositivos médico-cirúrgicos relacionados a fios de sutura apresentam amplas aplicações em diferentes tecidos orgânicos. As invenções inovam a forma de armazenamento e a resistência, reduzem o tempo de procedimento, aumentam o controle da tensão e transporte de medicamentos. Conclusões: Os produtos e processos patenteados e depositados no Brasil possibilitam maior eficiência no procedimento, proporcionando uma melhor e mais segura recuperação no período pós-operatório... (AU)

Objevtive: determine the current status of patents on products and technological processes related to suture threads deposited at the National Institute of Industrial Property in Brazil. Methodology: A survey of deposits was carried out in the Institute's database during the month of August 2020. Results: 72 patents were verified, with Brazil as the largest depositor. The patents filed were categorized into 13 International Patent Classifications, the most frequent being A61B, whose objective is to cover instruments, implements and processes for the purposes of diagnosis and surgery. The technological sector of medical-surgical equipment and devices related to suture threads wide applications in different organic tissues. The selected inventions bring benefits to storage, to the resistance of materials, to the reduction of the procedure time, to the tension control, to the vehicle of medicinal drugs, to antimicrobials, to stem cells. Conclusions: The products and processes patented and deposited in Brazil enable greater efficiency in the procedure and recovery, providing a better and safer recovery of the postoperative period... (AU)

Objetivo: Determinar la situación actual de las patentes de productos y procesos tecnológicos relacionados a hilos de sutura depositados en el Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Industrial de Brasil. Metodologia: Fue realizado un levantamento de los depósitos en la base de datos del instituto durante el mes de agosto de 2020. Resultado: Se verificaron 72 patentes, teniendo a Brasil como el mayor depositante. Las patentes depositadas fueron categorizadas en 13 clasificaciones internacionales de patentes, siendo la más frecuente la A61B, cujo objetivo es cubrir instrumentos,implementos y procesos com fines diagnósticos y cirugia. El sector de equipamentos tecnológicos y dispositivos médico-quirúrgicos relacionados a hilos de sutura presentan amplias aplicaciones en diferentes tejidos orgánicos.. Las intervenciones innovan las formas de almacenamiento y la resisténcia, reducen el tiempo de procedimiento, aumentan el control de la tensión y transporte de medicamentos. Conclusiones: Los productos y procesos patenteados y depositados en Brasil posibilitan mayor eficiência en el procedimiento, proporcionando uma mejor y más segura recuperación en el período póst operatório... (AU)

Tratamiento artroscópico de las fracturas de la eminencia intercondílea / Arthroscopic treatment of intercondylar eminence fractures

Introducción: las fracturas de la eminencia intercondílea son fracturas por avulsión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Las opciones terapéuticas en las fracturas desplazadas consisten en un abordaje artroscópico y fijación de las fracturas. Actualmente se debate sobre la técnica quirúrgica y el material de fijación. El objetivo de nuestra revisión bibliográfica es analizar los diferentes métodos de fijación artroscópica disponibles en la actualidad para el tratamiento de las fracturas de la eminencia intercondílea. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía con el formato PRISMA. Se incluyeron fracturas de la eminencia intercondílea en adultos tratados mediante artroscopía. Resultados: se analizaron dieciséis artículos, con un total de quinientas cincuenta y una fracturas. El método de fijación más utilizado fue la sutura (31%), cerclaje (25%), anclas (22%), fijación con Kw (8%), Endobutton® (6.3%), tornillos (4.5%) y alambre (3%). Conclusión: ningún método de fijación demostró superioridad en cuanto a porcentajes de estabilidad, consolidación y tiempo de inmovilización. Nivel de Evidencia: II

Introduction: fractures of the intercondylar eminence are avulsion fractures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Treatment options for displaced fractures consist of an arthroscopic approach and fracture fixation. There is currently debate about the surgical technique and the fixation material. The aim of our literature review is to analyze the different methods of arthroscopic fixation currently available in the treatment of fractures of the intercondylar eminence.Materials and methods: a systematic review of the bibliography was carried out using the PRISMA format. The inclusion criteria were fractures of the intercondylar eminence in adults treated by arthroscopy.Results: sixteen articles were analyzed, with a total of 551 fractures. The most affected knee was the right with 66% of cases. The most used fixation method was suture (31%), cerclage (25%), anchors (22%), Kw fixation (8%), Endobutton® (6.3%), screws (4.5%) and wire (3%).Conclusions: no fixation method showed the superiority in terms of percentages of stability, consolidation, and immobilization time. Level of Evidence: III

Comparación entre suturas para cierre profundo y superficial en reemplazo total de rodilla: seguimiento a un año / A comparison of sutures for deep and superficial wound closure in total knee arthroplasty: One-year follow-up

Introducción Aunque diferentes materiales y técnicas se han desarrollado para el cierre superficial y profundo en reemplazo total de rodilla (RTR), no hay evidencia que permita dar recomendaciones respecto a una técnica especifica que disminuya complicaciones postoperatorias de la herida. El propósito de este estudio es comparar el uso de dos técnicas de cierre profundo (Sutura barbada vs. Sutura absorbible trenzada) y superficial (grapas vs. sutura de polipropileno) en RTR. Materiales y métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo en 240 pacientes. Se excluyeron pacientes con antecedente de cirugía abierta previa de rodilla, RTR previo por lesiones tumorales o artrofibrosis. Seguimiento mínimo de 1 año. Resultados Se usaron grapas en 176 pacientes y Prolene® en 64 pacientes. El cierre profundo se realizó con Stratafix® en 164 pacientes y con Vicryl® en 75 pacientes. Encontramos complicaciones relacionadas con la herida y la funcionalidad al año de seguimiento. La infección superficial para el cierre con prolene presento un HR de 2.6 con un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95%=1.1-6.2; p=0.029 y en el cierre profundo encontramos un HR a favor del Vicryl® de 0.22, IC 95%=0.96-5.8; p=0.05. Conclusiones Este estudio demostró un incremento significativo de la incidencia de infección superficial después de un RTR cuando el cierre profundo se realiza con suturas barbadas y el cierre superficial se realiza con sutura de polipropileno. Sin embargo, no se presentaron diferencias significativas en otras complicaciones relacionadas con la herida y en la funcionalidad postoperatoria con las diferentes técnicas de cierre superficial y profundo evaluadas.

Introduction Different materials and techniques have been developed for superficial and deep closure in total knee replacement (TKR), but there is no solid evidence that allows to recommend a specific technique that decreases the surgical post-operative complications. The purpose of this study is to compare the use of two deep closure techniques (barbed suture vs. braided absorbable suture) and superficial (staples vs. polypropylene suture) in TKR. Materials and methods An observational retrospective study was carried out in 240 patients. Those individuals were excluded with previous open knee surgery, arthrofibrosis, patients who underwent TKR due to tumor lesions or a follow up for less than one year. Results The skin was closed in 176 patients with staples and in 64 patients with Prolene®. Deep closure was performed with Stratafix® in 164 patients and with Vicryl® in 75 patients. Also, complications related to the wound and functionality were recorded in the first postoperative year. Superficial infection for closure with prolene presented an HR in favor of 2.6 with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%=1.1­6.2; p=0.029 and in deep closure a HR in favor of Vicryl® of 0.22, 95% CI=0.96­5.8; p=0.05 Conclusions This study demonstrated a significant increase in the incidence of superficial infection after TKR when deep closure is performed with barbed sutures and superficial closure with polypropylene suture. However, there were no significant differences in other complications related with the wound neither postoperative functionality with the different superficial and deep closure techniques that were evaluated.

Fístula enterocutánea en una hernia incisional / Enterocutaneous fistula in an incisional hernia

Introducción: Los defectos técnicos en el cierre de la laparotomía, como la utilización de suturas inadecuadas, muy apretadas o distancia incorrecta entre los puntos, presencia de cuerpos extraños, hematomas o la inclusión de un asa intestinal (pellizcamiento de esta), pueden provocar la aparición de una hernia incisional, y peor aún acompañarse de una fístula intestinal. Objetivo: Corroborar la importancia del cierre correcto y cuidadoso de la pared abdominal después de una laparotomía. Presentación del caso: Se trata de una paciente de 34 años de edad con antecedentes de tres cesáreas en un período de seis años, la última hace seis meses, que fue atendida en el Hospital Mnazi Mmoja, en Tanzania, refiriendo salida de contenido líquido amarillento a nivel de la cicatriz quirúrgica. Al examen físico se constata hernia incisional y un asa intestinal adherida a la piel con un orificio de menos de un cm por donde sale contenido intestinal amarillento. Se interviene con diagnóstico preoperatorio de hernia incisional y fístula enterocutánea; se realiza resección de 3 tres cm del íleon, anastomosis termino-terminal donde se encuentra el orificio fistuloso y hernioplastia mediante la técnica de Rives con utilización de malla de polipropileno. La evolución posoperatoria fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones: Se refuerza la afirmación que es de suma importancia el cierre correcto y cuidadoso de la pared abdominal después de una laparotomía, sobre todo si se realiza con urgencia(AU)

Introduction: In the closure of the laparotomy, technical defects such as the use of inadequate sutures, too tight or incorrect distance between stitches, the presence of foreign bodies, hematomas or the inclusion of an intestinal loop (pinching) can cause the appearance of an incisional hernia which, even worse, can be accompanied by an intestinal fistula. Objective: To corroborate the importance of the correct and careful closure of the abdominal wall after performing laparotomy. Case presentation: A 34-year-old patient with a history of three previous cesarean sections in a six-year period, the last one performed six months, was treated at the Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Tanzania when she reported the release of a yellowish liquid content at the surgical scar level. Physical examination revealed an incisional hernia and an intestinal loop attached to the skin with a hole of less than one cm through which yellowish intestinal content was coming out. She was operated on with the preoperative diagnosis of incisional hernia and enterocutaneous fistula; a three-cm resection of the ileum, end-to-end anastomosis where the fistulous orifice was located, and hernioplasty were performed using the Rives technique with polypropylene mesh. The postoperative evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions: The assertion that correct and careful closure of the abdominal wall after laparotomy is of utmost importance, especially if it is performed urgently, is reinforced(AU)

Trato sinusal por reação ao fio de algodão em ovariohisterectomia de cadela / Sinusal tract due to cotton yarn reaction in canine ovariohysterectomy / Tracto sinusal por reacción del hilo de algodón en ovario histerectomía de perra

A castração em fêmeas pode ser feita pela ovariectomia (retirada dos ovários), ou ovariohisterectomia (retirada dos ovários e do útero). Essa última técnica é a mais recomendada em cães e gatos, devido à prevenção de afecções que podem ocorrer posteriormente no útero. Dentre essas complicações pode-se encontrar sangramento por ligadura mal feita em coto, hidroureter, hidronefrose, piometra de coto, formação de tratos sinusais, aderência, obstrução crônica, incontinência urinária, retenção abdominal de compressas cirúrgicas, transcecção de parte do ureter e ovário remanescente. Em cadelas castradas, a causa mais comum da formação de tratos sinusais é a presença de reação tecidual ao redor do fio de sutura. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar um caso de uma cadela sem raça definida, 8,7 kg, seis anos, que deu entrada no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, MG com queixa principal a presença de ferida no flanco direito sendo tratada há nove meses, porém sem sucesso. Já haviam feito uso de vários antibióticos sistêmicos e antinflamatorios esteroidais e não esteroidais. Diante do caso observado, foram realizados exames laboratoriais e de imagem. Perante o resultado do exame de imagem, a principal suspeita foi a formação de trato sinusal com comunicação com a cavidade abdominal devido a uma reação ao fio de algodão utilizado na ovariohisterectomia.(AU)

Female animals can be castrated by ovariectomy (removal of the ovaries), or ovariohysterectomy (removal of the ovaries and uterus). The latter is the most recommended in dogs and cats due to the prevention of conditions that may subsequently occur in the uterus. Among these complications, one can find bleeding by poor ligation in the stump, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, stump pyometra, formation of sinus tracts, adherence, chronic obstruction, urinary incontinence, abdominal retention of surgical compresses, transection of part of the ureter and remaining ovary. In castrated bitches, the most common cause of the formation of sinus tracts is the presence of tissue reaction around the suture thread. This study aimed at reporting a case of a mixed breed, six-year-old dog, 8.7 kg that was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba with the main complaint of the presence of a wound on the right flank being unsuccessfully treated for nine months. Several systemic antibiotics and steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had already been used. In view of the observed case, laboratory and imaging exams were performed. In view of the result of the imaging examination, the main suspicion was the formation of a sinus tract with communication to the abdominal cavity due to a reaction to the cotton thread used in the ovariohysterectomy.(AU)

La castración en hembras se puede realizar mediante ovariectomía (extirpación de los ovarios) u ovario histerectomía (extirpación de los ovarios y del útero). Esa última técnica es la más recomendada en perros y gatos, debido a la prevención de afecciones que pueden presentarse posteriormente en el útero. Entre estas complicaciones se puede encontrar hemorragias por ligadura mal realizada en muñón, hidruréter, hidronefrosis, piometra de muñón, formación de tractos sinusales, adherencia, obstrucción crónica, incontinencia urinaria, retención abdominal de compresas quirúrgicas, transección de parte del uréter y ovario remanente. En las perras castradas, la causa más común de formación de trayectos sinusales es la presencia de reacción tisular alrededor del hilo de sutura. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo reportar el caso de una perra sin raza definida, de 8,7 kg, de seis años de edad, que ingresó en el Hospital Veterinario de Uberaba, MG con el principal síntoma de presencia de una herida en el flanco derecho siendo tratada durante nueve meses, pero sin éxito. Ya habían usado varios antibióticos sistémicos y medicamentos antiinflamatorios esteroides y no esteroides. A la vista del caso observado, se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio y de imagen. A la vista del resultado del examen de imagen, la principal sospecha fue la formación de un tracto sinusal con comunicación con la cavidad abdominal debido a una reacción al hilo de algodón utilizado en el ovario histerectomía.(AU)

Geometrical Model of Free Skin Graft for the Optimization of Glans Reconstruction after Partial Penectomy / Modelo geométrico de injerto de piel libre para la optimización de reconstrucción de glande tras penectomía parcial

Introduction and Objective The management of penile carcinoma is very disabling and mutilating, bur early treatment can be curative. Our group systematically performs oncological management with immediate penile reconstruction and preservation of the organ (partial penectomy, resurfacing, or glansectomy) when feasible. Due to the low incidence of penile carcinoma, it is difficult to achieve experience in penile reconstruction using free grafts in a standardized and reproducible way. Therefore, we herein present the results of the use of an inanimate model to identify the most efficient geometric way to procure and apply a free skin graft to reconstruct the penis. Methods A preclinical inanimate model of the penis was developed to simulate the surgical reconstruction using a free skin graft. Six different geometric skin-graft models were created and tested. For each of them, we measured graft's surface area as well as the discarded surface after placing the graft on the penis for reconstruction. We also measured the amount of suture lines required for reconstruction. All of these measurements in the six different models were compared. Results Based on the six models, we identified that the longitude of the graft must measure the same as the maximum perimeter of the glans in order to have a square that enables the complete coverage of the penile defect. The total graft area for the first 4 models was of 40 cm2; for models 5 and 6, it was of 60 cm2. The average discarded area of the graft was of 18.135 cm2 (range: 12 cm2 to 30 cm2). Models 4 years 6 were the ones with the least discarded tissue: 12 cm2. The average amount of suture lines to secure the different model grafts was 7.3 (range: 5 to 12). The models that required the least amount of suture lines were number 1 and 4, with a total of 5 suture lines. Conclusions The double trapezoid is the most efficient model to reconstruct the glans after organ-sparing oncological management. Our results contribute to establish a more standardized and predictable technique to reconstruct the penis.

Introducción y Objetivo El manejo del cáncer de pene es muy mutilante y discapacitante. Pero el manejo quirúrgico oportuno puede ser curativo. Nuestro grupo realiza de manera sistemática el manejo oncológico con reconstrucción inmediata del pene y preservación del órgano (penectomía parcial, desepitelización, o gladectomía) cuando sea viable. Como la incidencia de cancer de pene es baja, lograr obtener la experiencia en reconstrucción de pene con el uso de injertos libres de manera estandarizada y reproducible resulta difícil. Por lo tanto, presentamos en este artículo los resultados de un modelo inanimado para identificar la forma geométrica mas eficiente de obtener y aplicar un injerto de piel libre para reconstruir el pene. Materiales y Métodos Se desarrolló un modelo preclínico y inanimado del pene para que se simulara su reconstrucción quirúrgica con el uso de un ijerto de piel libre. Desarrollamos y evaluamos seis modelos geométricos de injerto de piel distintos. Para cada uno, medimos el area total del injerto y la del tejido desechado tras ponerlo en el pene para la recosntrucción. También medimos la cantidad de líneas de sutura necesarias para la recosntrucción. Comparamos todas las medidas entre los seis modelos distintos. Resultados De los 6 modelos diferentes, encontramos que la longitud del injerto debe tener la misma medida que el perímetro máximo del glande para que se tenga un cuadrado que nos permita cubrir todo el defecto del pene. El area total de los 4 modelos iniciales fue de 40 cm2, y el area de los modelos 5 y 6 fue de 60 cm2. El area promedio del tejido desechado en los injertos fue de 18,135 cm2 (rango: 12 cm2 a 30 cm2). Los modelos 4 y 6 fueron los que tuvieron la menor cantidad de tejido desechado: 12 cm2. El promedio de la cantidad de líneas de sutura para atar los distintos modelos de injerto fue de 7,3 (rango: 5 a 12). Los modelos con la menor cantidad de líneas de sutura fueron el 1 y el 4, con un total de 5 líneas. Conclusiones El modelo de doble trapezoide es el más eficiente para reconstruir el glande tras el majejo oncológico en que se preserva el órgano. Nuestros resultados contribuyen para establecer una técnica de reconstrucción del pene más estandarizada y previsible.

Operaciones en dos etapas, utilizando sutura de grosor flexible en el tratamiento de fistula anal de tipo alto en una curación rápida de estimulación y tasa de recurrrencia más baja / Two staged operations using loose thick seton suture in the treatment of high type fistula in ano stimulate rapid healing and lower recurrence rate

Antecedentes: la fístula de ano es un problema crónico para los pacientes. Causa angustia debido al mal olor y la suciedad con infecciones y secreciones recurrentes. La recurrencia y la lesión del esfínter anal fueron las complicaciones más críticas después de la cirugía. La colocación de un setón suelto y grueso fue la operación quirúrgica más prometedora. Reducir el tiempo de colocación del setón para disminuir el sufrimiento de los pacientes por la suciedad y múltiples apósitos. Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo. Cien pacientes con fístula anal alta tratados quirúrgicamente en la ciudad médica de Al-Sader y en la clínica privada diaria de Al-Najaf, ciudad de Najaf, Irak, desde febrero de 2018 hasta marzo de 2019. Se han tomado imágenes de fistulografía y resonancia magnética de todos los pacientes. Después de eso, se realiza una fistulectomía con sutura de setón suelta y gruesa durante tres meses. Los pacientes con persistencia del trayecto de trayecto fistuloso fueron sometidos a una segunda cirugía y una tercera operación hasta su completa curación. Resultados: Cien pacientes con fístula de tipo alto en ano con 96 varones (96%) y mujeres 4 (4%). La tasa de curación completa entre los pacientes masculinos después de la primera operación fue de 90 (93%), mientras que las mujeres mostraron una tasa de curación completa de 4 (100%) después de la primera operación. Tres de los pacientes varones restantes con un tracto de fístula alto persistente mostraron una curación completa después de la segunda operación, mientras que en 3 (3%) la tasa de curación completa fue del 100% después de la tercera operación. Conclusión: Un setón suelto y grueso colocado en un tracto de fístula de tipo alto durante tres meses brinda una excelente protección al esfínter anal externo con una tasa de recurrencia menor y una curación rápida.

Background: Fistula in ano is a chronic problem for the patients. It causes distressing because of foul odour and soiling with recurrent infection and discharge. Recurrence and anal sphincter injury were the most critical complications following surgery. Loose, thick seton placement was the most promising surgical operation. To reduce the time of seton placement, therefore, decreasing the suffering of patients from soiling and multiple dressing. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study. One hundred patients with high type fistula in ano treated surgically in Al-Sader Medical city and Al-Najaf daily private clinic, Najaf city, Iraq from Feb 2018 to March 2019. Fistulography and magnetic resonance imaging have taken from all patients. After that, fistulectomy with loose, thick seton suture placed for three months. Patients with the persistence of high fistula tract underwent a second surgery and third operation until complete healing. Results: One hundred patients with high type fistula in ano with male 96 (96%) and female patients were 4 (4%). The rate of complete healing among male patients after the first operation was 90 (93%), while female patients showed a 4(100%) rate of complete healing after the first operation. Three of the remaining male patients with persistently high fistula tract showed complete healing after the second operation, whereas 3 (3%) the rate of complete healing was 100% after the third operation. Conclusion: A Loose, thick seton placed in high type fistula tract for three months provides excellent protection to the external anal sphincter with less recurrence rate and rapid healing

Abordaje endoscópico en el manejo de la fuga post manga gástrica / Endoscopic approach in the management of post gastric sleeve leakage

INTRODUCCIÓN. La fuga post manga gástrica es una complicación de los proce-dimientos bariátricos quirúrgicos, con prevalencia del 2,1%, en el que se emplea el abordaje endoscópico, describir su seguridad y éxito es relevante. OBJETIVO. Describir el abordaje endoscópico en el manejo de la fuga post manga gástrica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Revisión bibliográfica y análisis sistemático de artículos científicos. De un total de 384 artículos, 11 publicaciones de texto completo fueron seleccionados; 9 artículos fueron estudios retrospectivos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Los términos de búsqueda sobre el tratamiento endoscópico en fuga post manga gástrica se basaron en datos PubMed que cumplieron los criterios: leak, fístula, par-tial gastrectomy, gastrointestinal endoscopy. RESULTADOS. La literatura reportó se-guridad con cero mortalidad y tasa de éxito para sutura endoscópica del 80,0%, over the scope clip 86,3%, drenaje interno endoscópico 83,41%, septotomía endoscópica 100,0%, stents endoscópicos hasta del 95,0% y terapia vacuum endoscópica 87,5%. CONCLUSIÓN. Se evidenció que el abordaje endoscópico en el manejo de la fuga post manga gástrica fue seguro y exitoso; se necesita personal experto en las dife-rentes modalidades terapéuticas reportadas.

INTRODUCTION. Post gastric sleeve leakage is a complication of surgical bariatric procedures, with a prevalence of 2,1%, in which the endoscopic approach is used, describing its safety and success is relevant. OBJECTIVE. To describe the endos-copic approach in the management of post gastric sleeve leak. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Bibliographic review and systematic analysis of scientific articles. From a total of 384 articles, 11 full-text publications were selected; 9 articles were retrospective studies and 2 systematic reviews. Search terms on endoscopic treatment in postgastric sleeve leak were based on PubMed data that met the criteria: leak, fistula, partial gastrectomy, gastrointestinal endoscopy. RESULTS. The literature re-ported safety with zero mortality and success rate for endoscopic suture 80,0%, over the scope clip 86,3%, endoscopic internal drainage 83,41%, endoscopic septotomy 100,0%, endoscopic stents up to 95,0% and endoscopic vacuum therapy 87,5%. CONCLUSION. It was evidenced that the endoscopic approach in the management of post gastric sleeve leak was safe and successful; expert personnel are needed in the different therapeutic modalities reported

Divertículo de Meckel en asociación a onfalocele y tetralogía de Fallot: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Meckel's diverticulum in association with omphalocele and tetralogy of Fallot: Case report and literature review

El onfalocele o exónfalos se definen como un defecto congénito de la pared abdominal, que consiste en la herniación de las vísceras abdominales a través del anillo umbilical. Esta entidad rara vez se asocia a la comunicación del divertículo de Meckel con el saco del onfalocele. Teniendo en cuenta la escasa prevalencia de dicha entidad, compartimos el reporte de caso de un paciente recién nacido, con diagnóstico de onfalocele menor, en quien se sospechaba ruptura del saco, sin embargo, de manera intraoperatoria se encontró que la aparente ruptura del saco, correspondía a la comunicación con un divertículo de Meckel. El caso además se asoció con hallazgos ecocardiográficos de tetralogía de Fallot

Omphalocele or exomphalos are defined as a congenital defect of the abdominal wall, which consists of the herniation of the abdominal viscera through the umbilical ring. This entity is rarely associated with the communication of Meckel's diverticulum with the omphalocele sac. Considering the low prevalence of this entity, we report the case of a newborn with a diagnosis of minor omphalocele, in whom rupture of the sac was suspected; however, intraoperatively it was found that the apparent rupture of the sac corresponded to a communication with a Meckel's diverticulum. The case was also associated with echocardiographic findings of tetralogy of Fallot

VEGF and fgf-2 released in palatal suture after rapid maxillary expansion (RME)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) have the ability to increase vascular proliferation and permeability. The aim of this study was to quantify the release of two diffusible angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and FGF-2) after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Thirty animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Control group (5 rats - intact suture) and Experimental groups (25 rats with RME) which were evaluated in different periods of treatment. Five animals were euthanized in different periods of healing at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after RME. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression of angiogenic growth factors released on different periods of study. Data were submitted to statistical analysis using ANOVA followed by Tukey test and significance was assumed at a=0.05. RT-PCR showed that mRNAs of VEGF and FGF-2 were expressed in intact palatal suture tissue. mRNAs of VEGF and FGF-2 was upregulated in early periods (24 h) after RME (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). The molecular levels of VEGF never returned to its original baseline values, and FGF-2 expression decreased up to day 5 (p<0.001) and suddenly increased at day 7, returning to its original level. RME increased VEGF secretion, but decreased FGF-2 secretion when compared to intact tissue. The results showed that these angiogenic growth factors are released and regulated in the palatal suture tissue after RME and could make an important contribution to the knowledge of overall reparative response of the suture tissue during the bone remodeling process.

Resumo Fator de crescimento endothelial (VEGF) e fator de crescimento de fibroblasto (FGF-2) tem a capacidade de aumentar a proliferação e permeabilidade vascular. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a liberação dos dois fatores de crescimento (VEGF e FGF-2) após expansão rápida da maxilla (ERM). Trinta animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Grupo Controle (5 ratos - sutura intacta) e grupos Experimentais (25 ratos submetidos a ERM) que foram avaliados em períodos diferentes de tratamento. Cinco animais foram eutanaziados em diferentes períodos de avaliação aos 0, 2, 3, 5 e 7 dias após ERM. RT-PCR foi usado para avaliar a expressão gênica dos fatores de crescimento liberados nos diferentes períodos de estudo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística usando ANOVA seguido do pós-teste de Tukey com nível de significância de a=0.05. RT-PCR mostrou que os RNAm de VEGF e FGF-2 estavam expressos na sutura palatina mediana intacta. Os RNAm de VEGF e FGF-2 foram estimulados nos períodos iniciais (24h) após ERM (p<0.001 e p<0.01, respectivamente). Os nívies moleculares de VEGF nunca retornaram aos valores originais, e a expressão de FGF-2 reduziu até o dia 5 (p<0.001) e de repente aumentou até o dia 7, retornando aos níveis originais. ERM aumentou a secreção de VEGF, mas diminuiu a secreção de FGF-2 quando comparado ao tecido intacto. Os resultados mostraram que estes fatores de crescimento são liberados e regulados na sutura palatina mediana após ERM e podem ser de importante contribuição para o entendimento da resposta reparadora geral do tecido da sutura durante o processo de remodelação óssea.

A Modified Flexor Tendon Suture Technique Combining Kessler and Loop Lock Flexor Tendon Sutures

OBJECTIVES: In the present study, a novel single knot tenorrhaphy was developed by combining the modified Kessler flexor tendon suture (MK) with the loop lock technique. METHODS: A total of 48 porcine flexor digitorum profundus tendons were collected and randomly divided into six groups. The tendons were transversely cut and then repaired using six different techniques, the MK method, double knot Kessler-loop lock flexor tendon suture (DK), and single knot Kessler-loop lock flexor tendon suture (SK), each in combination with the epitendinous suture (P), and the same three techniques without P. Furthermore, by performing the load-to-failure tests, the biomechanical properties and the time taken to complete a repair, for each tenorrhaphy, were assessed. RESULTS: Compared to the MK+P method, DK+P was more improved, thereby enhancing the ultimate tensile strength. The SK+P method, which required fewer knots than DK+P, was easier to perform. Moreover, the SK+P repair increased the force at a 2-mm gap formation, while requiring lesser knots than DK+P. CONCLUSION: As opposed to the traditional MK+P method, the SK+P method was improved and exhibited better biomechanical properties, which may facilitate early mobilization after the repair.

Structured evaluation of a comprehensive microsurgical training program

OBJECTIVES: This study proposed a structured microsurgical training program and evaluated it with the assistance of a large sample of surgeons. METHODS: The practical course comprised 16 sessions of approximately 4 hours each. This included two sessions for suturing rubber gloves and two sessions for suturing arteries, veins, and nerves in chicken thighs. The other sessions were performed on the femoral vessels of rats: 5 sessions for end-to-end arterial anastomosis, 5 for end-to-end venous anastomosis, 1 for arterial grafting, and 1 for end-to-side anastomosis. We conducted a structured assessment of the microsurgical skills in each training session. RESULTS: In this study, 89 surgeons were evaluated. The mean scores for the different procedures were as follows: glove suturing, 33.3±0.59; chicken nerve end-to-end anastomosis, 40.3±0.49; chicken artery suturing, 40.9±0.36; chicken vein suturing, 42.3±0.36; graft interposition, 44.8±0.7; and end-to-side anastomosis, 43.7±0.63 (p<0.05 for all). The chicken thigh suturing scores were significantly higher than the rubber gloves suturing scores (p<0.01). There were no differences between scores of the rat artery and chicken thigh suturing procedures (p=0.24). The rat venous anastomosis scores were higher than the rat arterial anastomosis scores (p=0.02), as were graft interposition scores when compared with end-to-end venous anastomosis scores. The end-to-side anastomosis scores did not differ significantly from the grafting scores (p=0.85). The most common errors were inadequate knotting technique and suture rupture due to inadequate technique (both n=88 [98.9%]). CONCLUSION: We propose a 16-step, progressive microsurgical training program to learn the basic microsurgical techniques comprehensively and reliably. The program was evaluated in a large sample of trainees, and it demonstrated the adequacy of the training sequence and results.

Estimation of time utilized in suturing of oral flaps post-surgical wisdom teeth removal using Negus knot pusher instrument (a comparative study) / Estimativa do tempo utilizado na sutura de retalhos orais após exodontia de terceiros molares utilizando o instrumental Empurrador de nó Negus: um estudo comparativo

Objective: Wisdom teeth were the most common teeth affected among the rest of the teeth, these teeth need accurate evaluation and diagnosis, surgical removal of impacted wisdom needs time for incision, bone removal and suture, so the use of any instrument helps to reduce this time is essential. The objectives of this study were to estimate the time needed for the suture of oral flaps post-surgical removal of the lower wisdom teeth by using Negus knot pusher and compare it with the time used for stitching in conventional manual holding single stitching. Material and Methods: Data had been collected from thirty patients through history, clinical examination and radiographic assessment, followed by classical surgical removal performed on the same principles for all patients, at the suture level patients divided arbitrarily into two groups, control group 15 patients and 15 patients Negus pusher group, using Negus knot pusher, which is usually used to hold the stitch and stop bleeding post tonsillectomy operations by ligation, time elapsed for suturing with knot tying is calculated for both groups. Results: Among the 30 patients incorporated in the clinical study, control group mean was (1 minutes and 11 seconds and 70 milliseconds) while for the pusher group was (1 minutes and 32 seconds and 57 milliseconds), the comparison by means of T-test was not significant with the (0.424) value. Conclusion: the Negus pusher instrument can be used for the knotting stiches post wisdom teeth removal as an auxiliary tool and the time can be shortened by the use of a modified handling technique and more satisfaction for patients. (AU)

Objetivo: Os terceiros molares são os dentes mais afetados entre o resto dos dentes e necessitam de avaliação e diagnóstico precisos. A exodontia desses elementos impactados requer tempo para incisão, remoção óssea e sutura, portanto, é essencial o uso de instrumentos que ajudem a reduzir o tempo de procedimento. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram estimar o tempo necessário para a sutura de retalhos orais após a exodontia de terceiros molares inferiores utilizando o instrumental Empurrador de nó Negus (Negus Knot pusher) e compará-lo com o tempo necessário para a realização de sutura única convencional. Material e Métodos: Os dados foram coletados de 30 pacientes através da história, exame clínico e avaliação radiográfica, seguidos pela remoção cirúrgica clássica realizada através do mesmo princípio para todos os pacientes. Considerando o nível da sutura, os pacientes foram divididos arbitrariamente em dois grupos, grupo controle (n=15) e grupo Empurrador de nó Negus (n=15), o qual é geralmente utilizado para segurar o ponto e estancar o sangramento após cirurgia de tonsilectomia por ligadura. O tempo decorrido para sutura foi calculado para ambos os grupos. Resultados: Entre os 30 pacientes incluídos no estudo, a média do grupo controle foi de 1 minuto e 11 segundos e 70 milissegundos, enquanto para o grupo Empurrador de nó Negus foi de 1 minuto e 32 segundos e 57 milissegundos. A comparação intergrupo por meio do teste T não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,424). Conclusão: O instrumental Empurrador de nó Negus pode ser usado para sutura após a extração de terceiros molares como ferramenta auxiliar e o tempo pode ser reduzido pelo uso de uma técnica de manuseio modificada. Ademais, pode estar associado a maior satisfação dos pacientes. (AU)

Analysis of tissue inflammatory response, fibroplasia, and foreign body reaction between the polyglactin suture of abdominal aponeurosis in rats and the intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen meshes

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare tissue inflammatory response, foreign body reaction, fibroplasia, and proportion of type I/III collagen between closure of abdominal wall aponeurosis using polyglactin suture and intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone, and polyester/porcine collagen meshes to repair defects in the abdominal wall of rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were placed in four groups, ten animals each, for the intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene, polypropylene/polyglecaprone, and polyester/porcine collagen meshes or suture with polyglactin (sham) after creation of defect in the abdominal wall. Twenty-one days later, histological analysis was performed after staining with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. Results The groups with meshes had a higher inflammation score (p < 0.05) and higher number of gigantocytes (p < 0.05) than the sham group, which had a better fibroplasia with a higher proportion of type I/III collagen than the tissue separating meshes (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups with meshes. Conclusions The intraperitoneal implant of polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen meshes determined a more intense tissue inflammatory response with exuberant foreign body reaction, immature fibroplasia and low tissue proportion of type I/III collagen compared to suture with polyglactin of abdominal aponeurosis. However, there were no significant differences in relation to the polypropylene mesh group.