Pólipo fibroepitelial atípico em córnea de um cão Lhasa Apso / Atypical fibroepithelial polyp in the cornea of a Lhasa Apso dog

Background: Fibroepithelial polyps are benign tumors of mesenchymal and ectodermal origin. Regarding the localization related to the cutaneous region, they may affect the eyelid and periocular area. In veterinary medicine, polyps located in the urethra of dogs and monkeys, vagina of bitches and on the skin have been described. Fibroepithelial polyps may present as single to multiple nodules, exophytic to pedunculated, usually arising on a smooth surface of a common base. The aim of this paper is to describe the ocular and histopathological changes of a corneal fibroepithelial polyp of recurrent character in a dog. Case: A 20-year-old Lhasa Apso dog, with a history of progressive corneal neoformation in the right eye for 4 months. Patient was submitted to routine ophthalmic evaluation. At biomicroscopy, a discrete mucopurulent discharge was observed in the nasal corner, a nodule in the lower eyelid (± 3 mm), moderate conjunctival hyperemia, vascularization and corneal edema between 12 and 5 h, presence of a pinkish proliferative mass in 3 h, affecting the anterior stroma and opacity of the lens, Schirmer's Tear Test (STT) 20 mm/min and intraocular pressure (IOP) 10 mm/Hg. In the left eye, the STT and IOP were within normal range (17 mm/min and 11 mg/Hg, respectively) and at biomicroscopy only lens opacity was observed. Given the presence of the neoformation in the cornea, the patient underwent lamellar keratectomy to excise the mass and third eyelid flap. The tissue was then submitted to histopathology. The histopathological examination showed a proliferation of fibrous component with areas presenting reactive fibroblasts, with acidophilic cytoplasm and with little volume and slight neovascularization, presence of hyperplasia of the lining epithelium and cells with round to oval nuclei, with inconspicuous nucleoli, compatible with fibroepithelial polyp, without evidence of malignancy. After 18 months, the patient presented recurrence of the condition with a history of slow evolution (about ten months). The ophthalmic evaluation showed lesions very similar to the initial one, describing a recurrence of the lesion. Discussion: Corneal neoplasms are uncommon in dogs. The clinical findings in patients with ocular neoplasms include irregular to nodular masses, gray to reddish in color, and typically associated with a vascular supply. These features are related to the type of tumor and its degree of evolution. There are reports in the literature of ocular neoplasms such as squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma, melanocytoma, fibrosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma. Related to fibroepithelial polyp with ocular involvement, there are rare reports in human literature and none in veterinary medicine. There is a human description of the presence of a polyp affecting the cornea associated with a corneal dermoid and e other cases of polyps of conjunctival origin. As far as treatment is concerned, the polyp should be surgically removed because of the possibility of recurrence, tissue metaplasia, or even transformation into a malignant tumor, as seen in the case reported here, in which even with surgical removal there was recurrence and metaplasia of the cells. Based on the histopathological findings, it can be concluded that this is a fibroepithelial polyp with a recidivating characteristic, not well described in the veterinary literature, with an atypical presentation affecting the cornea.

Criptococoma retrobulbar mimetizando tumor em labrador retriever / Retrobulbar cryptococcoma mimicking tumor in a Labrador Retriever

Background: Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycotic disease caused by encapsulated yeasts C. neoformans and C. gattii. Cryptococcus neoformans is predominantly found in soils and feces of pigeons and psittacids. Infection occurs mainly through the respiratory tract, through the inspiration of fungal propagules (basidiospores and/or desiccated yeast cells). The main lesions observed are in the nasal cavity and lungs, but in dogs, the central nervous system and eyes are widely affected. Despite some previously mentioned reports, the retrobulbar form has not been described in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to describe a case of retrobulbar cryptococcoma mimetizing a tumor in a young bitch. Case: A 2-year-old female Labrador Retriever, was admitted to one Veterinary Hospital with exophthalmia on the left eye for 15 days and other signs included negative retropulsion, mydriasis, and abscence of menace and pupillary reflexes. Ocular ultrasound imaging revealed a hyperecotic and heterogeneous retrobulbar mass in the mid-dorsal region compressing the optic nerve. Computed tomography of the skull showed the presence of proliferation of neoplastic tissue in a locally invasive retrobulbar region promoting moderate rostrolateral displacement of the left ocular bulb, discrete osthelysis in maxillary bone, palatine, medial wall of the orbital bone and frontal bone, with destruction of cribiform plate adjacent to the dorsal region of the orbital wall and presence of mild contrast uptake in the region of the left olfactory bulb lobe, characterizing a picture compatible with neoplasia with malignancy and locally invasive characteristics. Exenteration and excision of part of the frontal bone were performed and histopathological examination revealed granulation with the presence of fibroblasts and numerous typical blastoconidia of Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was treated with Itraconazole [10 mg/kg, v.o, SID, for 90 days] and one year after diagnosis, X-ray was performed to control the lesion and radiographic aspects were within normal limits. Discussion: Cryptococcus sp. is an environmental fungus that has the potential to be pathogenic to humans and animals. Fungus present as a basidiospores in pigeon droppings. The patient described had a history of contact with free-living pigeons, making it a risk factor for the occurrence of cryptococcosis, being the possible cause of the infection. In dogs, the disease is mainly described in immunosuppressed animals, which was not the case of the patient, who presented clinical and laboratory results within the normal range and without a previous history of use of immunosuppressants. The alterations described in the computed tomography, such as destruction of the cribriform plate adjacent to the dorsal region of the left orbital wall and the presence of slight contrast uptake in the left olfactory bulb lobe region, are compatible with the main entry point for propagules of Cryptococcus sp. In the present case, no periocular and ocular alterations were observed as described in the literature, and the lesion was restricted to the retrobulbar space. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a neoformation mimicking a malignant neoplasm and the diagnosis of cryptococcoma was revealed by histopathology. Based on the present case, cytology through aspiration of retrobulbal neoformations is imperative as a diagnostic method, especially in endemic areas for fungal diseases that can mimic ocular neoplasms.

Plasmocitoma extramedular de terceira pálpebra em gato / Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the third eyelid in a cat

Background: Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a neoplasm originating from plasmacytes with benign behavior, althoughit can present malignant characteristics such as local invasion and metastases in some cases. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the third eyelid is rare in humans and animals and has not yet been described in cats. Thus, the goal of thepresent study is to describe the cytological and histopathological findings of an extramedullary plasmacytoma in a cat’sthird eyelid.Case: A 5-year-old female feline patient with a history of ocular alteration for approximately 30 days was referred tothe ophthalmology service. Upon ophthalmic examination of the left eye, an increase in volume with tissue proliferationwas identified in the third eyelid’s conjunctiva. A collection of material for cytopathological examination was performed.Numerous plasmocytes and atypical lymphocytes with anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were observed, with a possible neoplastic injury being suggested and referred to the patient for surgical removal of the third eyelid. In the histopathologicalanalysis, it was possible to observe several plasma cells and vascular neoformation along the entire conjunctive marginbelow the epithelium. The glands, serous and mucous, present in the fragment, revealed areas of intervening plasmacyticinfiltrate and a large area close to the hyaline cartilage containing intense plasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with rareneutrophils and macrophages. There was also a structural breakdown of glandular components and lymphocyte cells withmitosis figures and discrete cellular pleomorphism.Discussion: Plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm in both dogs and cats. The anatomical regions most frequently affected arethe digits, lips, and pinna. Concerning the 3rd eyelid tumor involvement, numerous...

Plasmocitoma extramedular de terceira pálpebra em gato / Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the third eyelid in a cat

Background: Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a neoplasm originating from plasmacytes with benign behavior, althoughit can present malignant characteristics such as local invasion and metastases in some cases. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the third eyelid is rare in humans and animals and has not yet been described in cats. Thus, the goal of thepresent study is to describe the cytological and histopathological findings of an extramedullary plasmacytoma in a catsthird eyelid.Case: A 5-year-old female feline patient with a history of ocular alteration for approximately 30 days was referred tothe ophthalmology service. Upon ophthalmic examination of the left eye, an increase in volume with tissue proliferationwas identified in the third eyelids conjunctiva. A collection of material for cytopathological examination was performed.Numerous plasmocytes and atypical lymphocytes with anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were observed, with a possible neoplastic injury being suggested and referred to the patient for surgical removal of the third eyelid. In the histopathologicalanalysis, it was possible to observe several plasma cells and vascular neoformation along the entire conjunctive marginbelow the epithelium. The glands, serous and mucous, present in the fragment, revealed areas of intervening plasmacyticinfiltrate and a large area close to the hyaline cartilage containing intense plasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with rareneutrophils and macrophages. There was also a structural breakdown of glandular components and lymphocyte cells withmitosis figures and discrete cellular pleomorphism.Discussion: Plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm in both dogs and cats. The anatomical regions most frequently affected arethe digits, lips, and pinna. Concerning the 3rd eyelid tumor involvement, numerous...(AU)

Lamellar keratoplasty in rabbits using an allogeneic free omental graft and omentum-derived mesenchymal cells associated with the canine amniotic membrane / Ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos usando enxerto de omento alógeno livre e células mesenquimais omentais associadas com membrana amniótica canina

The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic effects in rabbits of lamellar keratoplasty using allogeneic omentum associated with canine amniotic membrane (AM). Rabbits were divided into two groups: one received the allogeneic free omental graft covered with the AM (OM-graft group), while the other received the AM graft containing omental mesenchymal cells (OM-cell group). Clinical signs were evaluated on different postoperative days. After the clinical assessments, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, marker for proliferation). Both groups showed chemosis, blepharospasm, eye discharge, hyperemia, and corneal opacity/edema. Neovascularization was observed in the OM-cell group. Histopathological evaluation revealed epithelial islands within the stroma of OM-cell samples. Thirty days after surgery, complete corneal re-epithelialization had occurred in both groups. The OM-cell group showed more Ki-67 positive cells. The free omentum and its cells, combined with the AM, contributed to corneal repair, a process that was completed 30 days after lamellar keratoplasty.

Objetivou-se, com a pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos clínicos e microscópicos da associação do omento de coelho com a membrana amniótica (AM) canina, na ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos. Dois grupos foram constituídos: um recebeu enxerto de omento alógeno livre, recoberto por AM (grupo OM- graft); o outro recebeu enxerto de AM contendo células mesenquimais derivadas do omento (grupo OM-cell). Manifestações clínicas foram avaliadas em diferentes tempos de pós-operatórios. Após as avaliações clínicas, coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia e córneas foram colhidas para histopatologia e imunohistoquímica (Ki-67, marcador de proliferação). Relativamente às manifestações clínicas, ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais de quemose, blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, hiperemia e opacidade/edema. Neovascularização foi observada no grupo OM-cell. Avaliações à histopatologia mostraram que uma amostra de OM-cell apresentou ilhas de epitélio dentro do estroma. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, observou-se reepitelização corneal completa, em OM-graft e OM-cell. O grupo OM-cell apresentou mais células positivas para Ki-67. O omento livre e suas células, associados à AM, contribuíram para a reparação corneal, que se completou após 30 dias de ceratoplastia lamelar.

Lamellar keratoplasty in rabbits using an allogeneic free omental graft and omentum-derived mesenchymal cells associated with the canine amniotic membrane / Ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos usando enxerto de omento alógeno livre e células mesenquimais omentais associadas com membrana amniótica canina

The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic effects in rabbits of lamellar keratoplasty using allogeneic omentum associated with canine amniotic membrane (AM). Rabbits were divided into two groups: one received the allogeneic free omental graft covered with the AM (OM-graft group), while the other received the AM graft containing omental mesenchymal cells (OM-cell group). Clinical signs were evaluated on different postoperative days. After the clinical assessments, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, marker for proliferation). Both groups showed chemosis, blepharospasm, eye discharge, hyperemia, and corneal opacity/edema. Neovascularization was observed in the OM-cell group. Histopathological evaluation revealed epithelial islands within the stroma of OM-cell samples. Thirty days after surgery, complete corneal re-epithelialization had occurred in both groups. The OM-cell group showed more Ki-67 positive cells. The free omentum and its cells, combined with the AM, contributed to corneal repair, a process that was completed 30 days after lamellar keratoplasty.(AU)

Objetivou-se, com a pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos clínicos e microscópicos da associação do omento de coelho com a membrana amniótica (AM) canina, na ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos. Dois grupos foram constituídos: um recebeu enxerto de omento alógeno livre, recoberto por AM (grupo OM- graft); o outro recebeu enxerto de AM contendo células mesenquimais derivadas do omento (grupo OM-cell). Manifestações clínicas foram avaliadas em diferentes tempos de pós-operatórios. Após as avaliações clínicas, coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia e córneas foram colhidas para histopatologia e imunohistoquímica (Ki-67, marcador de proliferação). Relativamente às manifestações clínicas, ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais de quemose, blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, hiperemia e opacidade/edema. Neovascularização foi observada no grupo OM-cell. Avaliações à histopatologia mostraram que uma amostra de OM-cell apresentou ilhas de epitélio dentro do estroma. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, observou-se reepitelização corneal completa, em OM-graft e OM-cell. O grupo OM-cell apresentou mais células positivas para Ki-67. O omento livre e suas células, associados à AM, contribuíram para a reparação corneal, que se completou após 30 dias de ceratoplastia lamelar.(AU)

Imunomarcação de Leishmania sp. e aspectos histológicos na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi / Hystopathology and Leishmania sp. Immunostaining in third eyelid of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the varioustissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for theleishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out theparasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasinaturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologicevaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the thirdeyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitizedhistiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasiawere often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland(TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.(AU)

A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre osvários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular temsido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebrade cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vintee seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HEe à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observadana conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária,com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perdade estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achadoscostumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado,acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímicarevelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.(AU)

Imunomarcação de Leishmania sp. e aspectos histológicos na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi / Hystopathology and Leishmania sp. Immunostaining in third eyelid of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the varioustissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for theleishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out theparasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasinaturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologicevaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the thirdeyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitizedhistiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasiawere often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland(TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.

A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre osvários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular temsido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebrade cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vintee seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HEe à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observadana conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária,com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perdade estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achadoscostumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado,acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímicarevelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.

IMUNOMARCAÇÃO DE Leishmania sp. E ASPECTOS HISTOLÓGICOS NA TERCEIRA PÁLPEBRA DE CÃES NATURALMENTE INFECTADOS POR Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease with multisystemic injuries, and among the various tissues affected, the third eyelid (TE) is often involved. This ocular adnexa has been studied for the leishmaniasis pathogenesis elucidation and for diagnosis advance. This study aimed to carry out the parasite immunodetection and evaluate histologic lesions in TE of Leishmania (leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs. Twenty-six TE samples from infected dogs were submitted to histologic evaluation and to immunohistochemistry for Leishmania sp. The main lesion observed in the third eyelid conjunctiva (TEC) was lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, with Mott cells and parasitized histiocytes. Additionally, loss of epithelial stratification, ulceration, goblet cells thinning or hyperplasia were often found. The same inflammatory pattern was observed in the third eyelid lacrimal gland (TELG), often accompanied by acinar atrophy and secretory ducts dilatation. Immunohistochemistry revealed parasitism in all samples, in different intensities.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é uma doença que envolve lesões multissistêmicas e, dentre os vários tecidos acometidos, a terceira pálpebra está frequentemente envolvida. Este anexo ocular tem sido alvo de estudo tanto para a elucidação da patogênese da doença quanto para o avanço diagnóstico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações histológicas presentes na terceira pálpebra de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi e realizar a imunodetecção do parasita. Vinte e seis amostras de terceira pálpebra de cães sintomáticos foram avaliadas quanto à coloração de HE e à imunoistoquímica com soro de cão positivo para Leishmania sp. A principal alteração observada na conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra foi infiltração inflamatória predominantemente linfoplasmocitária, com células de Mott e histiócitos parasitados permeando a área de exsudação. Adicionalmente, perda de estratificação e ulceração epitelial, rarefação ou hiperplasia de células caliciformes foram achados costumazes. Na glândula lacrimal da terceira pálpebra, o mesmo padrão inflamatório foi observado, acompanhado frequentemente de atrofia acinar e dilatação dos ductos secretórios. A imunoistoquímica revelou parasitismo em todas as amostras, em diferentes intensidades.

Anel de tensão capsular isolado e associado à lente intraocular acrílica dobrável na opacidade de cápsula posterior após facoemulsificação em cães / Capsular tension ring alone and associated with acrylic foldable intraocular lens in posterior capsular opacification after phacoemulsification in dogs

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar se o anel de tensão capsular (ATC), isoladamente ou associado à implantação de uma lente intraocular, poderia diminuir a ocorrência de opacificação da cápsula posterior (OCP) após a cirurgia de catarata por facoemulsificação em cães. Para tanto, cães portadores de catarata imatura ou madura foram avaliados, perfazendo um total de vinte olhos. Em todos os animais, foram excluídas quaisquer doenças oftálmicas e sistêmicas concomitantes. Os olhos foram selecionados aleatoriamente para receber o anel (ATC) isolado ou em associação com a lente. Flaremetria a laser e avaliações clínicas foram realizadas aos 2, 7, 14, 21, e 28 dias de pós-operatório. Fotografias foram tomadas aos 28 e a seguir a cada 30 dias, até os 180 dias. Os resultados mostraram inflamação mais importante nos olhos com IOL, embora, entre os parâmetros avaliados, apenas nas sinéquias houve diferença estatisticamente significativa. No entanto, em ambas as técnicas, quase nenhuma OCP ocorreu até o momento final das avaliações. Tais resultados sugerem que os anéis de tensão capsular (ATC) podem ser úteis na prevenção da opacidade capsular pós-operatória, sem complicações decorrentes.(AU)

The purpose of the study was to determine whether capsular tension ring (CTR) alone or associated with the implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) could decrease the occurrence of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after phacoemulsification cataract surgery in dogs. Twenty eyes of client-owned dogs with immature or mature cataracts were included in this study. In all the animals, any ophthalmic or systemic concurrent disease was excluded. The eyes were randomly selected to receive CTR alone or in association with the IOL. Laser flaremetry and clinical evaluations were conducted on post-operative days 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Fundus photographs were taken at the 28th and then every 30 days, up to 180 days. The results showed more inflammatory response on eyes with IOLs, although among the parameters evaluated, solely the synechiae showed significant statistical differences. Nevertheless, in both techniques almost no PCOs occurred at the end of the evaluations. These results suggest that the CTRs can be useful in the prevention of the post-operative capsular opacities, with minor complications.(AU)

Qualitative and quantitative tear film abnormalities in dogs: [review] / Anormalidades quali-quantitativas do filme lacrimal de cães

Tear film disorders in dogs can be classified into quantitative or qualitative abnormalities, or both, and are commonly observed in daily clinical practice. Inadequate production of one or more tear film components can lead to variable degrees of ocular disorders, called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs has several causes, but in most cases the disease is idiopathic, with T lymphocytes playing a role. In veterinary medicine, the diagnosis is made based on the results of the Schirmer tear test. In this article, we review aspects related to the etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs and discuss new therapeutic modalities for this disease.(AU)

Anormalidades do filme lacrimal de cães podem ser classificadas quanto ao seu aspecto quantitativo, qualitativo ou ambos, sendo comumente observada na prática cotidiana. Intercorrências na produção de um ou mais componentes do filme lacrimal ensejam distúrbios oculares em graus variados, denominados ceratoconjuntivite seca. Diversas são as causas da ceratoconjuntivite seca em cães, mas a maioria dos casos é de caráter idiopático, estando associada à participação de linfócitos T. O diagnóstico em medicina veterinária é firmado com base nos valores obtidos pelo teste da lacrimal de Schirmer. O presente artigo objetiva revisar os aspectos relacionados à etiopatogenia e ao diagnóstico da ceratoconjuntivite seca em cães, assim como discutir novas modalidades terapêuticas para a doença.(AU)

Patologia, resposta imune humoral e diagnóstico em cães com oftalmopatias decorrente da infecção natural por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi

Investigaram-se aspectos relativos à alterações patológicas, da resposta imune humoral e diagnóstico em cães com oftalmopatias portadores de leishmaniose visceral. Estudaram-se 25 cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi. Procedeu-se a comparação entre os métodos de imunofluorescência indireta, ensaio imunoenzimático e imunoistoquímica para o diagnóstico do cal azar canino. As alterações patológicas foram analisados à histopatologia, à imunoistoquímica e da resposta imune ao teste de ELlSA A comparação entre os métodos de diagnóstico não revelou diferenças significativas (p>O,05). A utilização da biópsia conjuntival para diagnóstico da LVC mostrou boa sensibilidade e especificidade. À imunoistoquímica, notaram-se formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp., em diferentes graus de parasitismo, na túnica fibrosa, na úvea anterior e na conjuntiva da terceira pálpebra. À histopatologia, observou-se exsudato inflamatório com predomínio de linfócitos e plasmócitos, congestão vascular e perivasculite. Em face dos resultados, admite-se que o uso da biópsia da conjuntiva ocular valendo-se da imunoistoquímica é factível para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral no cão, podendo ser utilizado como método de diagnóstico rotineiro. Outrossim, que a patogenia das lesões oculares em cães portadores da enfermidade encontra-se associada à reação inflamatória

Aspects related to pathological alterations, immune humoral response, and diagnosis were investigated in dogs with ophthalmopathies carrying visceral leishmaniasis. Twenty five dogs, naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi, were studied. To the canine kala azar diagnosis, comparisons between indirect immunofluorescence method, immunoenzymatic assay, and immunohistochemistry were done. The pathological alterations were analyzed based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry and the immune response to ELlSA test. The comparison between the diagnostic methods did not revealed significant differences (P > 0.05). The use of conjunctival biopsy to the CVL showed a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. At immunohistochemistry, amastigotes forms of Leishmania sp. were seen in different levels of parasitism placed in the anterior uvea and in the third eyelid conjunctiva. At histopathology, inflammatory exudates, with predominant Iymphocytes and plasmocytes, vascular congestion and perivasculitis were also observed. Based on the results obtained with this study, we concluded that the use of conjunctival biopsy is feasible to the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs, and could be used as routine diagnostic method. We also affirm that the ocular lesions pathogeny in dogs carrying this disease is associated to an inflammatory reaction

ALTERAÇÕES OCULARES E ANÁLISE DO HUMOR AQUOSO DE CÃES (Canis familiaris LINNAEUS, 1758) INFECTADOS NATURALMENTE POR Leishmania chagasi (CUNHA & CHAGAS, 1937)

Estudaram-se as alterações oculares, a presença de anticorpos anti-Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi e os valores de proteína total no humor aquoso de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi. Utilizaram-se 50 cães, procedentes da Região Metropolitana do Recife e do município de Bezerros distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais de 25 animais: Grupo Infectado (GI), formado por animais positivos para L. chagasi com e sem alterações oculares; Grupo Controle (GC), formado por animais negativos para L. chagasi, sem sinais clínicos de doenças sistêmicas e de alterações oculares. Os resultados mostraram que 76% dos cães do GI apresentaram sinais oculares, sendo a uveíte a afecção predominante. A média de proteína total no humor aquoso entre os animais com uveíte foi significativamente superior (p<0,05), quando comparada com as médias dos animais com outros sinais oculares e sem sinal ocular. Os valores de anticorpos anti-Leishmania (chagasi) chagasi obtidos no plasma foram estatisticamente superiores aos encontrados nos olhos (p<0,05). O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson referente aos olhos direito (R=0,8280) e esquerdo (R=0,7481) demonstrou correlação significativa quando analisados todos os animais deste estudo. Analisando-se os olhos direito (R=0,11) e esquerdo (R=0,3983) dos animais com uveíte, nota-se que, quanto maior o nível de anticorpos anti-Leishmania chagasi no olho, menor é o nível no plasma. Nos animais do GI obteve-se o coeficiente de Goldman-Witmer em 56% (14) cães. Conclui-se que lesões oculares devem ser consideradas no diagnóstico da leishmaniose em cães provenientes de áreas endêmicas para leishmaniose visceral canina. A análise do humor aquoso pode ser indicada para cães com suspeita de LVC, principalmente em animais que apresentam menores níveis plasmáticos de anticorpos anti-Leishmania chagasi