Micromineral concentrations (copper, cobalt, iron, molybdenum and zinc) in the liver of dairy cows from Campos Gerais Region, Paraná state, Brazil / Concentrações de microminerais (cobre, cobalto, ferro, molibdênio e zinco) no fígado de vacas leiteiras da Região de Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil

This study collected samples from 50 Holstein cows, most intensively bred, and from the Campos Gerais region, Paraná, with an average milk production of 30.21L/day. Samples of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes were collected to determine the levels of copper, cobalt, iron, molybdenum and zinc. Spleen and lymph nodes were subjected to histological analysis and evaluation of the degree of hemosiderosis. The average concentrations of copper (495.05ppm), molybdenum (4.19ppm), and zinc (274.49ppm) were higher than those established for the bovines. For cobalt 26% of the animals presented levels below the established level, which characterized cobalt deficiency. Only iron (299.12ppm) exhibited an adequate average level. Histopathologically hemosiderosis was observed mainly in the spleen (78%) and less frequently in the lymph nodes (20%). The observation of hemosiderin in the spleen and lymph nodes is not related to copper deficiency. Still it may be related to high levels of molybdenum, zinc, iron, or other undetermined causes.

Para este estudo foram coletadas amostras de 50 vacas, da raça Holandesa, a maior parte criada intensivamente e oriunda da região dos Campos Gerais/PR, com média individual de produção de leite de 30,21L/dia. Foram coletadas amostras de fígado, baço e linfonodos para determinação dos níveis de cobre (Cu), cobalto (Co), ferro (Fe), molibdênio (Mo) e zinco (Zn). Baço e linfonodo foram submetidos à análise histológica e avaliação do grau de hemossiderose. A média das concentrações de Cu (495,05ppm), Mo (4,19ppm) e Zn (274,49ppm) encontrava-se acima dos níveis estabelecidos para bovinos. Para o Co, observou-se que 26% dos animais apresentaram níveis abaixo do estabelecido, o que caracterizou deficiência de Co. Apenas o Fe (299,12ppm) apresentou níveis médios adequados. Na histopatologia, hemossiderose foi observada, principalmente no baço (78%) e com menos frequência nos linfonodos (20%). A observação de hemossiderina no baço e linfonodos não está relacionada à deficiência de Cu, porém pode estar relacionada a elevados níveis de Mo, Zn e Fe ou a outras causas não determinadas.

Biliary cystadenoma in a lion (Panthera leo)

Animals in human care often exceed the life expectancy of animals in the wild when they have veterinarian follow-ups, no competition for space or food, and continuous care. Advanced age favors the development of mutations that often trigger cancer, which sometimes causes death. There are reports in the literature on neoplasms in lions in the liver, which are one of the main organs affected. A 20-year-old lion specimen was received for necropsy at the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. Multiple cystic dilations were observed in the liver. Histologically, they were internally covered by a simple cuboidal epithelium, similar to that observed in the bile ducts, without cellular atypia. The adjacent liver parenchyma presented with mild disorganization of the hepatocyte cords. Biliary cystadenomas are benign growths formed by a thin opaque capsule filled with a slightly yellowish translucent fluid compressing the adjacent liver parenchyma, as highlighted in this case. The epithelium of the cysts was positive for anti-cytokeratin (CK) (EIA/A3E) and anti-CK7, confirming histogenesis in the bile ducts. This study reports a case of biliary cystadenoma in a Panthera leo specimen.(AU)

Mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia in a male cat

Background: Feline mammary hyperplasia (FMH) is a benign disease that commonly affects young females, once it iscaused by the exaggerated stimulation of endogenous or exogenous progestogen. FMH leads to acute edema and inflammation of the mammary glands and frequently evolve to ulcerations, secondary infections, and systemic clinical signs.Even though it is rare in male cats, progesterone therapy or an unknown endogenous source of hormone can cause thedisease. This report aims to describe a case of FMH in a male feline with no history of hormonal treatment and treatedwith radical surgical resection.Case: A 7-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented due to acute onset of generalized mammary tumorswhich had progressed for 18 days. Tumors size had 5 cm large in diameter, symmetric, bilateral, and affected all mammaryglands. The tissue was firm, hyperemic, and ulcerated. FMH was initially suspected but with a differential diagnosis formammary adenocarcinoma. Except for pain on tumor palpation, there was no other clinical abnormality. Survey thoracicradiographs and abdominal ultrasound did not find signs of metastasis or hermaphroditism. Fine-needle aspirate biopsy andfurther cytological examination were inconclusive. Surgical resection through a single-stage bilateral total mastectomy andreconstruction using a left flank fold flap was elected. There were no intraoperative complications and the cat recoveredwell, with good healing and no clinical signs 21 days after the surgery. Histological examination of the mammary glandsconfirmed the diagnosis of FMH due to the non-neoplastic characteristics and tissue’s benign biological behavior. Elevenmonths after diagnosis, the cat was asymptomatic.Discussion: The FMH frequently affects young females and is associated with gestational periods, the end of the estrouscycle, and, most commonly, hormonal therapy with synthetic progesterone. Male cats are rarely affected with or...

Mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia in a male cat

Background: Feline mammary hyperplasia (FMH) is a benign disease that commonly affects young females, once it iscaused by the exaggerated stimulation of endogenous or exogenous progestogen. FMH leads to acute edema and inflammation of the mammary glands and frequently evolve to ulcerations, secondary infections, and systemic clinical signs.Even though it is rare in male cats, progesterone therapy or an unknown endogenous source of hormone can cause thedisease. This report aims to describe a case of FMH in a male feline with no history of hormonal treatment and treatedwith radical surgical resection.Case: A 7-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was presented due to acute onset of generalized mammary tumorswhich had progressed for 18 days. Tumors size had 5 cm large in diameter, symmetric, bilateral, and affected all mammaryglands. The tissue was firm, hyperemic, and ulcerated. FMH was initially suspected but with a differential diagnosis formammary adenocarcinoma. Except for pain on tumor palpation, there was no other clinical abnormality. Survey thoracicradiographs and abdominal ultrasound did not find signs of metastasis or hermaphroditism. Fine-needle aspirate biopsy andfurther cytological examination were inconclusive. Surgical resection through a single-stage bilateral total mastectomy andreconstruction using a left flank fold flap was elected. There were no intraoperative complications and the cat recoveredwell, with good healing and no clinical signs 21 days after the surgery. Histological examination of the mammary glandsconfirmed the diagnosis of FMH due to the non-neoplastic characteristics and tissues benign biological behavior. Elevenmonths after diagnosis, the cat was asymptomatic.Discussion: The FMH frequently affects young females and is associated with gestational periods, the end of the estrouscycle, and, most commonly, hormonal therapy with synthetic progesterone. Male cats are rarely affected with or...(AU)

Megaesôfago em muar / Megaesophagus in mule

Background: Megaesophagus is a chronic dilation of the esophagus rarely found in horses. It’s a non-specific disease that is associated with several causes, and esophageal hypomotility is the dysfunction that most commonly results in organ dilation. In the literature, there are few reports of megaesophagus in horses and, to date, no cases in mule have been reported. The objective of this work is to describe a case of a donkey with thoracic megaesophagus. Case: A 16 year-old donkey, castrated male, mixed breed weighing 195 kg, was referred for clinical care with a history of 5 days of anorexia. On physical examination, apathy, cachexia, 8% dehydration, moderate enophthalmos, ptialism, bilateral nasal discharge, dry and bristling hair were observed. Due to the poor general condition, a nasogastric tube was chosen to perform enteral nutrition, however, it was not possible to progress the tube to the stomach. In order to confirm the suspicion of a possible esophageal obstruction, gastroscopy was performed, where it was possible to observe an esophageal dilation filled with bulky food located in the thoracic portion of the esophagus. In an attempt to stimulate esophageal motility, in order to promote the progression of the material present in the region of dilation, intramuscular metoclopramide was administered (two applications every 6 h), however the treatment had no effect. Due to the unfavorable prognosis and financial limitations of the owner, euthanasia was performed, which was followed by autopsy and histopathological examination. At necropsy, a marked dilation of the esophagus was observed in the thoracic portion, which was filled with approximately 500 grams of bulky food (grass). In the mucosa of this area...

Megaesôfago em muar / Megaesophagus in mule

Background: Megaesophagus is a chronic dilation of the esophagus rarely found in horses. Its a non-specific disease that is associated with several causes, and esophageal hypomotility is the dysfunction that most commonly results in organ dilation. In the literature, there are few reports of megaesophagus in horses and, to date, no cases in mule have been reported. The objective of this work is to describe a case of a donkey with thoracic megaesophagus. Case: A 16 year-old donkey, castrated male, mixed breed weighing 195 kg, was referred for clinical care with a history of 5 days of anorexia. On physical examination, apathy, cachexia, 8% dehydration, moderate enophthalmos, ptialism, bilateral nasal discharge, dry and bristling hair were observed. Due to the poor general condition, a nasogastric tube was chosen to perform enteral nutrition, however, it was not possible to progress the tube to the stomach. In order to confirm the suspicion of a possible esophageal obstruction, gastroscopy was performed, where it was possible to observe an esophageal dilation filled with bulky food located in the thoracic portion of the esophagus. In an attempt to stimulate esophageal motility, in order to promote the progression of the material present in the region of dilation, intramuscular metoclopramide was administered (two applications every 6 h), however the treatment had no effect. Due to the unfavorable prognosis and financial limitations of the owner, euthanasia was performed, which was followed by autopsy and histopathological examination. At necropsy, a marked dilation of the esophagus was observed in the thoracic portion, which was filled with approximately 500 grams of bulky food (grass). In the mucosa of this area...(AU)

Mammary adenocarcinoma with pulmonary, hepatic and renal metastasis in a chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger)

Background: Chinchillas are small, long-lived hystricomorph rodents closely related to guinea pigs, porcupines and agoutis. Used extensively in scientific research and fur production, its use as a pet has grown exponentially in the last decade, increasing their presence in veterinary clinics and hospitals. The most common health conditions for chinchillas kept as pets are a result of husbandry or dietary deficiencies, and they rarely develop neoplasia. Although rare, neoplasias do occur in these animals and should be included as differential diagnosis. This report describes the occurrence of mammary adenocarcinoma in a companion chinchilla with several metastatic foci in lungs, liver and kidneys.Case: A 6-year-old female chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) was presented with progressive hyporexia, apathy and a volume increase in the right axillary region. Since the owner noted purulent secretion in the ulcerated mass, he began treatment, without veterinarian consent, using topic rifampicin, 0.5 mL dipyrone sodium oral and 1.5 mL of enrofloxacin. All of which were used orally, once a day, for five days. On presentation at the veterinary hospital, the animal was poorly responsive, mildly dehydrated and had moderate body condition. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, body temperature of 36.4°C and an increased volume, soft upon palpation, near inguinal area. The mass in the right axillary region was adhered, soft and ulcerated. A fine-needle aspiration was performed and the animal was sent home with instructions to perform forced feeding until the citology results were obtained, which were inconclusive. At the owners request, no other diagnostic tests were performed. Six days after initial examination the animal lost 5% of its body weight as anorexy, lethargy and locomotion difficulties progressed, at which point the owner requested euthanasia. The animal was sent for postmortem examination.[...](AU)

Mammary adenocarcinoma with pulmonary, hepatic and renal metastasis in a chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger)

Background: Chinchillas are small, long-lived hystricomorph rodents closely related to guinea pigs, porcupines and agoutis. Used extensively in scientific research and fur production, its use as a pet has grown exponentially in the last decade, increasing their presence in veterinary clinics and hospitals. The most common health conditions for chinchillas kept as pets are a result of husbandry or dietary deficiencies, and they rarely develop neoplasia. Although rare, neoplasias do occur in these animals and should be included as differential diagnosis. This report describes the occurrence of mammary adenocarcinoma in a companion chinchilla with several metastatic foci in lungs, liver and kidneys.Case: A 6-year-old female chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) was presented with progressive hyporexia, apathy and a volume increase in the right axillary region. Since the owner noted purulent secretion in the ulcerated mass, he began treatment, without veterinarian consent, using topic rifampicin, 0.5 mL dipyrone sodium oral and 1.5 mL of enrofloxacin. All of which were used orally, once a day, for five days. On presentation at the veterinary hospital, the animal was poorly responsive, mildly dehydrated and had moderate body condition. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, body temperature of 36.4°C and an increased volume, soft upon palpation, near inguinal area. The mass in the right axillary region was adhered, soft and ulcerated. A fine-needle aspiration was performed and the animal was sent home with instructions to perform forced feeding until the citology results were obtained, which were inconclusive. At the owner’s request, no other diagnostic tests were performed. Six days after initial examination the animal lost 5% of its body weight as anorexy, lethargy and locomotion difficulties progressed, at which point the owner requested euthanasia. The animal was sent for postmortem examination.[...]

Síndrome hemorrágica pulmonar em cão associada à leptospirose / Pulmonary haemorrhagic syndrome in dog associated with leptospirosis

Background: Leptospirosis is probably the most widespread and prevalent zoonosis in the world, being classified as an emerging infectious disease for humans and dogs. Sporadically, dogs may present with cough and dyspnea, indicative of pulmonary involvement, associated with interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage with alveolar consolidation. Such changes stem from pulmonary haemorrhagic syndrome, which has emerged as a fatal complication, being documented in some areas in Europe and little described in North America. In this sense, the present study aims to report pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome in a dog with leptospirosis.Case: A dog with no defined breed, aged 45 days, weighing 2.2 kg, with a history of apathy, anorexia, jaundice, hematochezia and vocalisation with a two day evolution was seen. Physical examination revealed a rectal temperature of 37.2°C, icteric mucosa, capillary filling time of two seconds, respiratory rate of 80 movements per minute and heart rate of 140 beats per minute, dehydration rate estimated at 8%, prostration, adequate body score, normal cardiac sounds and clean lung fields, in addition to petechiae in the abdominal region, whose palpation evidenced the presence of fluid in intestinal loops. The blood sample sent to the macroscopic serum agglutination was reagent for the serovar Icterohaemorragiae, titration of 200. Blood count revealed leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, with left-sided deviation, eosinopenia, presence of rare hypersegmentated neutrophils, rare toxic neutrophils, mild cytoplasmic basophilia and rare reactive lymphocytes. Platelet estimation demonstrated thrombocytopenia. No haemoparasites were seen. Regarding the biochemical evaluation, there were changes in liver enzymes and markers of renal failure. Fluid therapy was used with 0.9% NaCl solution, 5 mg/ kg doxycycline intravenously every 12 h and nasogastric probe for administration of nutritional support...

Síndrome hemorrágica pulmonar em cão associada à leptospirose / Pulmonary haemorrhagic syndrome in dog associated with leptospirosis

Background: Leptospirosis is probably the most widespread and prevalent zoonosis in the world, being classified as an emerging infectious disease for humans and dogs. Sporadically, dogs may present with cough and dyspnea, indicative of pulmonary involvement, associated with interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage with alveolar consolidation. Such changes stem from pulmonary haemorrhagic syndrome, which has emerged as a fatal complication, being documented in some areas in Europe and little described in North America. In this sense, the present study aims to report pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome in a dog with leptospirosis.Case: A dog with no defined breed, aged 45 days, weighing 2.2 kg, with a history of apathy, anorexia, jaundice, hematochezia and vocalisation with a two day evolution was seen. Physical examination revealed a rectal temperature of 37.2°C, icteric mucosa, capillary filling time of two seconds, respiratory rate of 80 movements per minute and heart rate of 140 beats per minute, dehydration rate estimated at 8%, prostration, adequate body score, normal cardiac sounds and clean lung fields, in addition to petechiae in the abdominal region, whose palpation evidenced the presence of fluid in intestinal loops. The blood sample sent to the macroscopic serum agglutination was reagent for the serovar Icterohaemorragiae, titration of 200. Blood count revealed leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, with left-sided deviation, eosinopenia, presence of rare hypersegmentated neutrophils, rare toxic neutrophils, mild cytoplasmic basophilia and rare reactive lymphocytes. Platelet estimation demonstrated thrombocytopenia. No haemoparasites were seen. Regarding the biochemical evaluation, there were changes in liver enzymes and markers of renal failure. Fluid therapy was used with 0.9% NaCl solution, 5 mg/ kg doxycycline intravenously every 12 h and nasogastric probe for administration of nutritional support...(AU)

Laminar lesions in horses with systemic oxidative stress, committed by experimentally induced or naturally occurring gastrointestinal disorders / Lesões laminares em cavalos com estresse oxidativo sistêmico, acometidos por doenças gastrintestinais experimentalmente induzidas ou de ocorrência natural

Laminitis in horses can be associated with lesions in multiple organs secondary to sepsis. Twenty-one horses suffering from gastrointestinal disorders were used in the experiment; 7 horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia and intestinal ischaemia, and 14 horses suffering from naturally occurring colic syndrome. Tissue samples of lungs, liver, heart, brain, cerebellum and hoof laminar tissue were collected for histopathological and oxidative stress evaluation using nitrotyrosine and superoxide dismutase (SOD2) immunostaining. The horses were divided into two groups: the non-oxidative lesions group (NOLG), with 7 horses showing weak immunostaining in lungs, liver and kidney, and the oxidative lesions group (OLG), with 14 horses showing immunostaining indicating systemic oxidative stress in multiple organs. The horses from OLG showed increase of laminar lesions and SOD2 immunostaining in multiple organs when compared to the horses from the NOLG. No differences were found ln regard to laminar immunostaining by nitrotyrosine and SOD2 between experimental groups. It was concluded that systemic oxidative stress can be associated with the development of laminar lesions, and that the laminar tissue does not respond to oxidative stress with increase of SOD as occurs in other organs.(AU)

A laminite em equinos pode estar associada à lesão em múltiplos órgãos secundária a sepse. Foram utilizados 21 cavalos com afecções gastrintestinais, sendo sete com endotoxemia e isquemia intestinal induzidos experimentalmente, e 14 cavalos com síndrome cólica de origem natural. Amostras teciduais de pulmão, rim, fígado, coração, cérebro e cerebelo e de tecido laminar do casco foram coletadas para avaliação de lesão histopatológica e estresse oxidativo, pela imunomarcação de nitrotirosina e superóxido dismutase (SOD2). Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo sem lesão oxidativa (NOLG), com sete cavalos com fraca imunomarcação em pulmão, fígado e rim, e grupo lesão oxidativa (OLG), contendo 14 cavalos com imunomarcação indicando estresse oxidativo em múltiplos órgãos. Os cavalos do grupo OLG apresentaram aumento de lesões laminares e imunomarcação para SOD2 em múltiplos órgãos, quando comparados ao NOLG. Não houve diferença sobre a imunomarcação laminar para nitrotirosina e SOD2 entre os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que o estresse oxidativo sistêmico está associado ao desenvolvimento de lesões laminares, e que o tecido laminar não responde ao estresse oxidativo com aumento de SOD como ocorre nos outros órgãos.(AU)

Laminar lesions in horses with systemic oxidative stress, committed by experimentally induced or naturally occurring gastrointestinal disorders / Lesões laminares em cavalos com estresse oxidativo sistêmico, acometidos por doenças gastrintestinais experimentalmente induzidas ou de ocorrência natural

Laminitis in horses can be associated with lesions in multiple organs secondary to sepsis. Twenty-one horses suffering from gastrointestinal disorders were used in the experiment; 7 horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia and intestinal ischaemia, and 14 horses suffering from naturally occurring colic syndrome. Tissue samples of lungs, liver, heart, brain, cerebellum and hoof laminar tissue were collected for histopathological and oxidative stress evaluation using nitrotyrosine and superoxide dismutase (SOD2) immunostaining. The horses were divided into two groups: the non-oxidative lesions group (NOLG), with 7 horses showing weak immunostaining in lungs, liver and kidney, and the oxidative lesions group (OLG), with 14 horses showing immunostaining indicating systemic oxidative stress in multiple organs. The horses from OLG showed increase of laminar lesions and SOD2 immunostaining in multiple organs when compared to the horses from the NOLG. No differences were found ln regard to laminar immunostaining by nitrotyrosine and SOD2 between experimental groups. It was concluded that systemic oxidative stress can be associated with the development of laminar lesions, and that the laminar tissue does not respond to oxidative stress with increase of SOD as occurs in other organs.(AU)

A laminite em equinos pode estar associada à lesão em múltiplos órgãos secundária a sepse. Foram utilizados 21 cavalos com afecções gastrintestinais, sendo sete com endotoxemia e isquemia intestinal induzidos experimentalmente, e 14 cavalos com síndrome cólica de origem natural. Amostras teciduais de pulmão, rim, fígado, coração, cérebro e cerebelo e de tecido laminar do casco foram coletadas para avaliação de lesão histopatológica e estresse oxidativo, pela imunomarcação de nitrotirosina e superóxido dismutase (SOD2). Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo sem lesão oxidativa (NOLG), com sete cavalos com fraca imunomarcação em pulmão, fígado e rim, e grupo lesão oxidativa (OLG), contendo 14 cavalos com imunomarcação indicando estresse oxidativo em múltiplos órgãos. Os cavalos do grupo OLG apresentaram aumento de lesões laminares e imunomarcação para SOD2 em múltiplos órgãos, quando comparados ao NOLG. Não houve diferença sobre a imunomarcação laminar para nitrotirosina e SOD2 entre os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que o estresse oxidativo sistêmico está associado ao desenvolvimento de lesões laminares, e que o tecido laminar não responde ao estresse oxidativo com aumento de SOD como ocorre nos outros órgãos.(AU)

Effects of vardenafil on the kidney of Wistar rats submitted to acute ischemia and reperfusion

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of vardenafil in kidney of rats submitted to acute ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS:Twenty-eight rats were randomly distributed into two groups. Right nephrectomy was performed and the vardenafil group received vardenafil solution (at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in 10 mg/kg) while the control group received 0.9% saline solution (SS) one hour prior to the ligature of the left renal pedicle. After one hour of ischemia, animals were submitted to twenty-four hours of reperfusion, followed by left nephrectomy. The kidney's histological parameters evaluated on the study included vacuolar degeneration and tubular necrosis. Apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 using the point-counting and digital methods (Cytophotometry). Also, a biochemical analysis for creatinine was conducted. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between groups only with regards to the vacuolar degeneration parameter and to the cleaved caspase-3 digital method. CONCLUSION: Vardenafil showed a protective effect on the kidney of rats subjected to acute ischemia and reperfusion in this model.(AU)

Teste rápido para detecção da Proteína C-Reativa (FASTest® CRP canino) como auxílio diagnóstico de piometra em cadelas / Fast test for C-reactive Protein detection (FASTest® CRP canine) as an aid for the diagnosis of pyometra in bitches

A piometra é uma enfermidade comum em cadelas, caracterizada pela inflamação do útero com acúmulo de exsudato purulento. A avaliação ultrassonográfica abdominal é um dos principais exames utilizados para o diagnóstico da doença e o tratamento de eleição é a ovário-histerectomia (OSH). A proteína C reativa (PCR) é uma proteína de fase aguda que apresenta concentração sérica aumentada na ocorrência de processos inflamatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do teste rápido para detecção da PCR sérica (FASTest® CRP canino), como auxiliar no diagnóstico de piometra em cadelas com suspeita da doença ao exame ultrassonográfico. Das 25 cadelas com imagem ultrassonográfica sugestiva de piometra incluídas no estudo, apenas 12 (48,0%) tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado por exame histopatológico uterino realizado após a OSH. Em todas as pacientes com o diagnóstico de piometra confirmado pelo exame histológico a PCR foi positiva. O FASTest® CRP apresentou valor preditivo positivo de 92,3%, valor preditivo negativo e sensibilidade de 100,0% e 92,3% de especificidade. Logo, a acurácia do FASTest® CRP canino para diagnóstico de piometra em cadelas com suspeita ao exame ultrassonográfico foi de 96,0%. Conclui-se que o teste rápido para detecção da PCR sérica pode ser utilizado como exame auxiliar para o diagnóstico de piometra em cadelas.(AU)

Pyometra is a common disease in bitches characterized by an inflamed uterus filled with pus. Abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation is one of the most requested exam used to diagnose the disease, whereas ovariohysterectomy is the most commonly chosen treatment. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein whose serum concentration increases in inflammatory processes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the rapid test for detecting serum CRP (FASTest® canine CRP) in the diagnosis of pyometra in bitches with suspicion of the disease by ultrasonography. From 25 bitches with ultrasonographic image suggestive of pyometra included in this study, only 12 (48.0%) has the diagnosis confirmed by histopathological examination of the uterus after ovariohysterectomy. In all patients diagnosed with pyometra, confirmed by histology, the CRP was positive. The FASTest® CRP showed a positive predictive value of 92.3 %, negative predictive value and sensitivity of 100.0% and 92.3% of specificity. Therefore, the accuracy of FASTest® CRP for diagnosis of pyometra in bitches with suspicion by ultrasonography was 96.0%. It was concluded that the rapid test for detecting serum CRP can be used as an aid to diagnose pyometra in bitches.(AU)

Aspergilose sistêmica em um cavalo relato de caso

A aspergilose é uma enfermidade micótica oportunista causada por Aspergillus fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. avus entre outros agentes. Estes se encontram no solo, matéria orgânica em decomposição e ar, sendo sua principal forma de entrada no organismo por via respiratória, pela inalação de esporos ou através de ingestão e inoculação transcutânea (trauma). Dentre os animais domésticos, a espécie equina é a terceira mais acometida por afecções micóticas, sendo pitiose a principal doença.

Detecção precoce e quantificação de vírus da cinomose por PCR quantitativa em tempo real (qPCR) em diferentes tecidos e fluidos de um cão / Early detection and quantification of distemper virus by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) in different tissues and fluids of a dog / Detección precoz y cuantificación del virus del mosquillo a través de PCR cuantitativo en tiempo real (cPCR) en diferentes tejidos y líquidos de un perro

A cinomose é uma doença de desafio diagnóstico, especialmente quando não há histórico de vacinação. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar e quantificar partículas virais de cinomose em diferentes fluidos e tecidos biológicos de um cão, determinando o melhor tecido para diagnóstico viral ante mortem na fase de viremia. Atendeu-se um cão adulto com manifestações clínicas inespecíficas e corpúsculos de Sinegaglia Lentz em linfócitos. Amostras post mortem foram submetidas a PCR em tempo real (qPCR), que demonstrou RNA viral em concentrações de (x105) em líquor (1.216), bexiga (1.009), cérebro (605), sangue (572), cerebelo (523), rins (373), fígado (257), pulmões (191), estômago (154), terceira pálpebra (70) e urina (2,1). A técnica de qPCR permitiu confirmar a infecção pelo vírus, descartando vacinação recente. A amostra de líquor mostrou-se representativa para diagnóstico molecular de fase aguda de cinomose no animal estudado.

Canine distemper is a disease of challenging diagnosis, particularly when no vaccination history is available. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify distemper viral particles in different tissues and biological fluids of a dog, thus determining the best sample for ante mortem viral diagnosis during the viremic phase. An adult dog was received with non-specific clinical manifestations and scarce viral inclusions in lymphocytes. Post mortem samples were submitted to real-time PCR (qPCR), which demonstrated the following viral RNA concentrations (x105): cerebrospinal fluid (1,216), bladder (1,009), brain (605), blood (572), cerebellum (523), kidneys (373), liver (257), lungs (191), stomach (154), nictitating membrane (70) and urine (2.1). The qPCR technique allowed confirmation of viral infection, ruling out interference from recent vaccination. The cerebrospinal fluid sample proved to be representative of molecular diagnosis of the acute phase of canine distemper in the animal studied.

El moquillo es una enfermedad desafiante desde el punto de vista diagnóstico, especialmente cuando no existen datos sobre la vacunación. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar y cuantificar partículas virales de moquillo en diferentes líquidos y tejidos de un perro, determinando el mejor tejido para el diagnóstico viral ante mortem en fase de viremia. Se atendió un perro adulto con manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y corpúsculos de Sinegaglia Lentz en linfocitos. Muestras post mortem fueron evaluadas con PCR en tiempo real (cPCR), que mostraron ARN viral en concentraciones de (x105) en líquido cefalorraquídeo (1.216), vejiga (1.009), cerebro (605), sangre (572), cerebelo (523), riñones (373), hígado (257), pulmones (191), estómago (154), tercer párpado (70) y orina (2,1). La técnica de cPCR permitió confirmar la infección viral, descartando una vacunación reciente. La muestra de líquido cefalorraquídeo fue representativa para el diagnóstico molecular en fase aguda de moquillo en el animal estudiado.

Detecção precoce e quantificação de vírus da cinomose por PCR quantitativa em tempo real (qPCR) em diferentes tecidos e fluidos de um cão / Early detection and quantification of distemper virus by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) in different tissues and fluids of a dog / Detección precoz y cuantificación del virus del mosquillo a través de PCR cuantitativo en tiempo real (cPCR) en diferentes tejidos y líquidos de un perro

A cinomose é uma doença de desafio diagnóstico, especialmente quando não há histórico de vacinação. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar e quantificar partículas virais de cinomose em diferentes fluidos e tecidos biológicos de um cão, determinando o melhor tecido para diagnóstico viral ante mortem na fase de viremia. Atendeu-se um cão adulto com manifestações clínicas inespecíficas e corpúsculos de Sinegaglia Lentz em linfócitos. Amostras post mortem foram submetidas a PCR em tempo real (qPCR), que demonstrou RNA viral em concentrações de (x105) em líquor (1.216), bexiga (1.009), cérebro (605), sangue (572), cerebelo (523), rins (373), fígado (257), pulmões (191), estômago (154), terceira pálpebra (70) e urina (2,1). A técnica de qPCR permitiu confirmar a infecção pelo vírus, descartando vacinação recente. A amostra de líquor mostrou-se representativa para diagnóstico molecular de fase aguda de cinomose no animal estudado.(AU)

Canine distemper is a disease of challenging diagnosis, particularly when no vaccination history is available. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify distemper viral particles in different tissues and biological fluids of a dog, thus determining the best sample for ante mortem viral diagnosis during the viremic phase. An adult dog was received with non-specific clinical manifestations and scarce viral inclusions in lymphocytes. Post mortem samples were submitted to real-time PCR (qPCR), which demonstrated the following viral RNA concentrations (x105): cerebrospinal fluid (1,216), bladder (1,009), brain (605), blood (572), cerebellum (523), kidneys (373), liver (257), lungs (191), stomach (154), nictitating membrane (70) and urine (2.1). The qPCR technique allowed confirmation of viral infection, ruling out interference from recent vaccination. The cerebrospinal fluid sample proved to be representative of molecular diagnosis of the acute phase of canine distemper in the animal studied.(AU)

El moquillo es una enfermedad desafiante desde el punto de vista diagnóstico, especialmente cuando no existen datos sobre la vacunación. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar y cuantificar partículas virales de moquillo en diferentes líquidos y tejidos de un perro, determinando el mejor tejido para el diagnóstico viral ante mortem en fase de viremia. Se atendió un perro adulto con manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y corpúsculos de Sinegaglia Lentz en linfocitos. Muestras post mortem fueron evaluadas con PCR en tiempo real (cPCR), que mostraron ARN viral en concentraciones de (x105) en líquido cefalorraquídeo (1.216), vejiga (1.009), cerebro (605), sangre (572), cerebelo (523), riñones (373), hígado (257), pulmones (191), estómago (154), tercer párpado (70) y orina (2,1). La técnica de cPCR permitió confirmar la infección viral, descartando una vacunación reciente. La muestra de líquido cefalorraquídeo fue representativa para el diagnóstico molecular en fase aguda de moquillo en el animal estudiado.(AU)

Isolamento do Mycoplasma hyosynoviae de articulações de suínos com artrite no abatedouro

O Mycoplasma hyosynoviae é um dos agentes causadores de artrite em suínos em fase de recria e terminação. Esta infecção provoca atraso no crescimento, gastos com tratamento e condenações de carcaças. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo padronizar a técnica de isolamento e identificação do M. hyosynoviae e investigar a presença deste agente na articulação de suínos artríticos no matadouro. Procedeu-se o exame microbiológico das articulações de 50 carcaças de suínos recentemente abatidos e julgados artríticos pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Utilizaram-se técnicas de isolamento adequadas para o crescimento dos principais agentes artritogênicos dos suínos com especial atenção ao isolamento do M. hyosynoviae. Dos 50, 40 (80%) eram assépticas, de sete (14%) foi isolado o Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae e de três (6%), o M. hyosynoviae, sendo este último isolado pela primeira vez no Brasil. O M. hyosynoviae apresentou crescimento rápido nos meios de cultivos líquidos e sólidos. O crescimento deste agente foi evidenciado pela alcalinização do meio, com conseqüente alteração da cor original salmão para cor vinho. Dos três isolamentos de campo, em dois foi observado o crescimento nos tubos 24 horas após e em um, cinco dias após a semeadura. Conclui-se que o M. hyosynoviae cresce abundantemente e com rapidez nos meios líquidos e sólidos enriquecidos com arginina e mucina.

Intoxicação experimental por Phalaris angusta (Gramineae) em bovinos / Experimental poisoning by Phalaris angusta (Gramineae) in cattle

Para investigar os efeitos da ingestão de diferentes quantidades da planta Phalaris angusta em bovinos, oito bezerros, com idade variando entre 6-8 meses, foram divididos em 4 grupos com 2 animais cada. Os animais do grupo I receberam somente P. angusta na alimentação, enquanto que os animais do grupo II receberam P. angusta (75 por cento), aveia (Avena sativa) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum) (25 por cento). Os animais do grupo III receberam P. angusta (50 por cento), aveia e azevém (50 por cento) e os animais do grupo IV receberam somente aveia e azevém e serviram como controles. Todos os animais que ingeriram P. angusta adoeceram. Um animal do grupo I morreu 34 dias após o início da ingestão da planta e os outros animais foram sacrificados, in extremis, em um período que variou de 18 a 32 dias após o início do experimento. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram alterações de locomoção, tremores generalizados, quedas e crises convulsivas. Alterações macroscópicas foram observadas apenas no encéfalo e eram caracterizadas por focos de coloração verde-azulada no tálamo, mesencéfalo e medula oblonga. Microscopicamente observou-se pigmento granular marrom-amarelado no citoplasma de neurônios das regiões macroscopicamente afetadas. Alterações ultra-estruturais consistiram de lisossomos contendo material com densidade e orientação variáveis. A quantidade de P. angusta ingerida não foi um fator determinante na gravidade do quadro clínico, nem na intensidade das lesões observadas. A intensidade dos sinais clínicos também não teve uma relação direta com a severidade das lesões macro e microscópicas. Phalaris angusta demonstrou ter ação exclusivamente neurotóxica e deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial em casos de animais com sinais clínicos de origem nervosa, consistentes com síndrome tremorgênica (AU)

Mortes súbitas em bovinos causadas pela ingestão de Mascagnia sp (Malpighiaceae), no Estado de Santa Catarina

In the coastal areas of the State of Santa Catarina occurs a disease in cattle characterized by "sudden death". The disease was reproduced in bovines by oral administration of Mascagnia sp. Single doses of 5 g/kg of the fresch leaves of Mascagnia sp caused non-lethal poisoning; single doses of 7,5 g/kg caused lethal poisoning in one of two bovines and doses of 10 g/kg death in two others. In the experiments clinical manifestations were observed when the animals were exercised. They consisted in weakness, swollen jugular vein, slight muscular tremors and sometimes sudden contractions; tachycardia, already observed before the exercise, became more intense. At the end the animals suddenly laid down or fell on their side. The course of poisoning in those two animals which were followed up till death, was 40 and 75 minutes. The highest doses given (15 and 20 g/kg) caused a protratecd course; the animals got slow and apathic, avoiding any movements. They were found dead, 7h45min and 21 hours after the first clinical signs. These two last experiments show the importance of exercise regarding the onset of symptoms and the occurrence of "sudden death". The main post-mortem findings were intense red discoloration of the mucosa of the small intestine and oedema of the gallbladder wall. The main histological alteration was hydropic vacuolar degeneration of the tubular epithelium of the kidney in three of the five bovines which died.

No Litoral de Santa Catarina vem ocorrendo uma doença de bovinos caracterizada por "morte súbita". Para esclarecer a etiologia, foram conduzidos experimentos em bovinos nos quais se reproduziu a enfermidade pela administração oral de Mascagnia sp. Doses únicas de 5 g/kg das folhas frescas de Mascagnia sp causaram intoxicação não letal. Doses únicas de 7,5 g/kg causaram intoxicação letal em um de dois bovinos e dose de 10 g/kg a morte de outros dois. Nessas dosagens de 5 a 10 g/kg as manifestações clínicas eram observadas quando os animais eram movimentados, e consistiram em cansaço, jugular ingurgitada, leves tremores musculares e às vezes contrações bruscas; taquicardia já notada antes do exercício se acentuava. Finalmente os animais se deitavam ou caíram subitamente. A evolução da intoxicação nos dois animais em que foi acompanhada até a morte, foi de 40 e 75 minutos. As mais altas doses administradas (15 e 20 g/kg) provocaram um quadro de intoxicação protraída; os animais se mostraram lerdos e apáticos, evitando quaisquer movimentos; foram encontrados mortos 7h45min e 21 horas após terem sido observados os primeiros sinais clínicos. Esses dois últimos experimentos mostram que a movimentação é um fator importante para a manifestação da "morte súbita". Os principais achados de necropsia foram coloração vermelha intensa da mucosa do intestino delgado e edema da parede da vesícula biliar. As mais importantes alterações histológicas foram degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar do epitélio tubular renal em três dos cinco bovinos que morreram.