CA 15-3, CRP, and LDH correlates with prognostic parameters in canine mammary neoplasms

The identification of putative prognostic factors in canine mammary neoplasms (CMNs) has been focused on tissue-specific biomarkers, but the serum biomarkers, including cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), c-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been demonstrated to display clinical application in cases of CMNs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of these serum biomarkers and their association with well-established prognostic factors in CMNs. Samples from 15 female canines with CMNs and 15 clinically healthy ones were collected. The results were evaluated using the Tukey's, Pearson, or Spearman tests. The cut-off point, sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in a logistic regression model (P<0.05). The levels of CA 15-3, CRP and LDH were significantly higher in the serum of female dogs with CMNs compared to the healthy ones. Moreover, these factors were positively correlated with ulceration, tumor size, histopathological grade, metastatic lymph node, and clinical staging. Female dogs with CMNs were found to exhibit highest serum levels of CA 15-3, CRP, and LDH. Therefore, they can be applied to improve the efficacy of the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation in casas of CMNs.(AU)

Abordagem diagnóstica de mastocitoma cutâneo metastático em canino / Diagnostic approach of metastatic cutaneous mastocytoma in dog

O mastocitoma é uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais comuns que acometem cães. O diagnóstico da doença é baseado em aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais, sendo a citologia e a histopatologia os métodos de eleição. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é relatar a importância da ampla abordagem diagnóstica de mastocitoma cutâneo metastático em uma fêmea canina castrada, atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, com uma neoformação em membro compatível com mastocitoma. O estadiamento da paciente foi feito através de exames laboratoriais de hemograma completo, e citologia aspirativa de linfonodo regional e medula óssea, que evidenciaram a presença de focos de metástase; bem como do exame de ultrassom abdominal, que evidenciou alterações no parênquima hepático e linfoadenomegalia ilíaco medial direita. Diante das suspeitas, optou-se pela eutanásia da paciente, cujo corpo foi enviado para os exames de necropsia e histopatologia, os quais confirmaram o diagnóstico de mastocitoma cutâneo de alto grau, com metástase em fígado, pulmão, medula e linfonodos. Desta forma pode-se concluir que o mastocitoma cutâneo metastático é uma neoplasia de diagnóstico multifatorial, em que a realização de exames hematológicos associados às análises citológicas, histopatológicas e de imagem são indispensáveis para estabelecer o diagnóstico definitivo para que seja determinada uma melhor conduta terapêutica e prognóstico de pacientes caninos.

Mast cell tumors are one of the most common skin neoplasms that affect dogs. The diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory aspects, with cytology and histopathology being the preferred methods. Therefore, this study aims to report the importance of the broad diagnostic approach of metastatic cutaneous mastocytoma in a castrated a female dog attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Ceará, with a neoformation in a member compatible with mast cell tumor. The patient's staging was performed through laboratory tests of complete blood count, aspiration cytology of regional lymph nodes and bone marrow, which showed the presence of focus of metastasis, as well as the abdominal ultrasound examination, which showed changes in the liver parenchymas and right medial iliac lymphadenopathy. Given the suspicions, the patient was euthanized and the body was sent for necropsy and histopathological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumor, with metastasis in the liver, lung, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Thus, it can be is concluded that mast cell tumor is a neoplasm of multifactorial diagnosis, where hematological tests associated with cytology, histopathological, and imaging analyses are essential to establish the definitive diagnosis to determine a better therapeutic behavior and prognosis of canine patients.

Anemia hemolítica imunomediada associada à micoplasmose em um cão / Associated immunomediated hemolytic anemia mycoplasmosis in a dog

A anemia hemolítica imunomediada (AHIM) é uma reação de hipersensibilidade tipo II onde ocorre o aumento da destruição das hemácias. Ela pode ser dividida em primaria, caracterizada por não ter uma causa subjacente, e em secundária, pode ser causada por agentes infecciosos, como a micoplasmose, neoplasias, medicamentos e transfusões. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma análise clínica e laboratorial de um cão com anemia hemolítica imunomediada decorrente da Mycoplasma spp. Uma cadela da raça Pit Bull, com 05 meses de idade, foi levada ao hospital apresentando vômitos, diarreia e anorexia. No exame físico, foi possível observar a presença de carrapatos e mucosas ictéricas. Nos exames hematológicos foi possível evidenciaras alterações morfológicas de hemácias que caracterizavam anemia hemolítica imunomediada e a presença do parasita Mycoplasma spp. Nas análises bioquímicas se observou níveis séricos aumentados de creatinina e ureia. Pode-se concluir que, a observação de Mycoplasma spp. em esfregaços sanguíneos associada às alterações morfológicas eritrocitárias são de relevante importância para o diagnóstico de AHIM, auxiliando assim na instituição da melhor conduta terapêutica, contribuindo para o prognóstico do paciente.

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (AHIM) is a type II hypersensitivity reaction, where red blood cell destruction occurs or increases. It can be divided into primary, characterized by not having an underlying cause, and secondary, which can be caused by infectious agents, such as mycoplasmosis, neoplasms, drugs and transfusions. The objective of this work was to perform a clinical and laboratory analysis of a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia due to Mycoplasma spp. A five-months-old female Pit Bull dog was taken to the hospital presenting vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia. On physical examination, it was possible to observe the presence of ticks and icteric mucous membranes. In hematological exams, it was possible to show morphological changes in red blood cells that characterize immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and the presence of the parasite Mycoplasma spp. In the biochemical analyzes it was observed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. It can be concluded that the observation of Mycoplasma spp. in blood vessels associated with erythrocyte morphological changes are of relevant importance for the diagnosis of AHIM, thus assisting in the practice of a better method of therapy, contributing to the patient's prognosis.

Anemia hemolítica imunomediada associada à micoplasmose em um cão / Associated immunomediated hemolytic anemia mycoplasmosis in a dog

A anemia hemolítica imunomediada (AHIM) é uma reação de hipersensibilidade tipo II onde ocorre o aumento da destruição das hemácias. Ela pode ser dividida em primaria, caracterizada por não ter uma causa subjacente, e em secundária, pode ser causada por agentes infecciosos, como a micoplasmose, neoplasias, medicamentos e transfusões. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma análise clínica e laboratorial de um cão com anemia hemolítica imunomediada decorrente da Mycoplasma spp. Uma cadela da raça Pit Bull, com 05 meses de idade, foi levada ao hospital apresentando vômitos, diarreia e anorexia. No exame físico, foi possível observar a presença de carrapatos e mucosas ictéricas. Nos exames hematológicos foi possível evidenciaras alterações morfológicas de hemácias que caracterizavam anemia hemolítica imunomediada e a presença do parasita Mycoplasma spp. Nas análises bioquímicas se observou níveis séricos aumentados de creatinina e ureia. Pode-se concluir que, a observação de Mycoplasma spp. em esfregaços sanguíneos associada às alterações morfológicas eritrocitárias são de relevante importância para o diagnóstico de AHIM, auxiliando assim na instituição da melhor conduta terapêutica, contribuindo para o prognóstico do paciente.(AU)

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (AHIM) is a type II hypersensitivity reaction, where red blood cell destruction occurs or increases. It can be divided into primary, characterized by not having an underlying cause, and secondary, which can be caused by infectious agents, such as mycoplasmosis, neoplasms, drugs and transfusions. The objective of this work was to perform a clinical and laboratory analysis of a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia due to Mycoplasma spp. A five-months-old female Pit Bull dog was taken to the hospital presenting vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia. On physical examination, it was possible to observe the presence of ticks and icteric mucous membranes. In hematological exams, it was possible to show morphological changes in red blood cells that characterize immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and the presence of the parasite Mycoplasma spp. In the biochemical analyzes it was observed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. It can be concluded that the observation of Mycoplasma spp. in blood vessels associated with erythrocyte morphological changes are of relevant importance for the diagnosis of AHIM, thus assisting in the practice of a better method of therapy, contributing to the patient's prognosis.(AU)

Avaliação da concentração do lactato desidrogenase em cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias / Evaluation of the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase in bitches with mammary gland tumor

The increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity is associated with hypoxia due to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and high metabolic demands. Few studies have evaluated the LDH concentration in canine mammary tumor (CMT). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate serum LDH concentrations in CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work and were divided equally into two groups, with and without CMT. The average concentration of LDH was significantly higher in CMT (424.9±244.4U / L) compared to the control group (299.0±170.3 U / L) and its values were positively correlated with inflammation and / or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.6), tumor size (r=0.5), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.7) and clinical stage (r=0.5).

Concentração sérica da proteína C reativa (PCR) em cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias / Serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in bitches whit mammary gland tumor

There is strong evidence that inflammation plays a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis. In human medicine, C-reactive protein (CRP) is frequently used in tests for neoplastic biomarkers, however, few studies are available on the serum concentration of CRP in cases of canine mammary tumors (CMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of CRP in bitches with CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work, which were equally divided into two groups, with and without CMT. Bitches with CMT have higher concentrations of CRP (4.0±1.9mg/L) compared to the control group (1.0±1.2mg/L) and their values were positively correlated with inflammation and/or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.4), tumor size (r=0.6), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.6) and clinical stage (r=0.8).

Concentração sérica da proteína C reativa (PCR) em cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias / Serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in bitches whit mammary gland tumor

There is strong evidence that inflammation plays a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis. In human medicine, C-reactive protein (CRP) is frequently used in tests for neoplastic biomarkers, however, few studies are available on the serum concentration of CRP in cases of canine mammary tumors (CMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of CRP in bitches with CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work, which were equally divided into two groups, with and without CMT. Bitches with CMT have higher concentrations of CRP (4.0±1.9mg/L) compared to the control group (1.0±1.2mg/L) and their values were positively correlated with inflammation and/or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.4), tumor size (r=0.6), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.6) and clinical stage (r=0.8).(AU)

Avaliação da concentração do lactato desidrogenase em cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias / Evaluation of the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase in bitches with mammary gland tumor

The increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity is associated with hypoxia due to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and high metabolic demands. Few studies have evaluated the LDH concentration in canine mammary tumor (CMT). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate serum LDH concentrations in CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work and were divided equally into two groups, with and without CMT. The average concentration of LDH was significantly higher in CMT (424.9±244.4U / L) compared to the control group (299.0±170.3 U / L) and its values were positively correlated with inflammation and / or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.6), tumor size (r=0.5), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.7) and clinical stage (r=0.5).(AU)