Microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens / Perfil microbiológico de diferentes tipos de saladas provenientes de cozinhas hospitalares

The objective of this work was to verify the microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens. During the period from 2010 to 2014, the Public Food Guidance Service (SOAP) received 641 samples of salads from two public hospitals in the Central West region of the São Paulo state, where they were submitted to microbiological analysis in order to determine the most probable number (MPN) of coliforms at 35 and 45ºC, carry out Salmonella spp. study and coagulase-positive staphylococci count. The results showed that in 30.56% of samples the coliform count at 35ºC was above 1,100 MPN/g and 12.17% of samples presented coliforms at 45ºC above 100 MPN/g, which is the maximum limit established by Brazilian law. The prevalence of contaminated samples among those without heat treatment was at 97.44%, and for samples with heat treatment the prevalence was at 2.56% for both cooked and braised foods. All samples were negative for Salmonella spp. presence and showed coagulase-positive staphylococci count at < 1.0 × 102 UFC/g. Although no pathogenic agents were found, the high count for indicator microorganisms in a large number of samples suggests that the practices of obtaining and manipulating these foods are inadequate, facilitating the risk of contamination with pathogens, including other agents not included in this research. Thus, food and nutrition units must pay attention to food preparation procedures, especially since these meals are served to indoor patients.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o perfil microbiológico de diferentes tipos de saladas provenientes de cozinhas hospitalares. No período de 2010 a 2014, o Serviço de Orientação à Alimentação Pública (SOAP) recebeu 641 amostras de saladas provenientes de dois hospitais públicos da região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, onde foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas para a determinação do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes a 35 e 45ºC, pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva. Os resultados revelaram que em 30,56% das amostras a contagem de coliformes a 35ºC foi maior que 1.100 NMP/g, e 12,17% apresentaram coliformes a 45ºC acima de 100 NMP/g, limite máximo estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. A prevalência de amostras contaminadas sem tratamento térmico foi de 97,44% e de 2,56% para amostras com tratamento térmico, cozidas ou refogadas. Todas as amostras foram negativas para presença de Salmonella spp. e apresentaram contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva < 1,0 × 102 UFC/g. Embora não tenham sido encontrados agentes patogênicos, as altas contagens de micro-organismos indicadores em grande parte das amostras sugerem que as práticas de obtenção e manipulação desses alimentos estão inadequadas, possibilitando risco de contaminação por patógenos, inclusive outros agentes não contemplados nesta pesquisa. Portanto, as unidades de alimentação e nutrição hospitalares devem se atentar quanto aos procedimentos de preparo de alimentos, sobretudo porque essas refeições são servidas a indivíduos hospitalizados.

Microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens / Perfil microbiológico de diferentes tipos de saladas provenientes de cozinhas hospitalares

The objective of this work was to verify the microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens. During the period from 2010 to 2014, the Public Food Guidance Service (SOAP) received 641 samples of salads from two public hospitals in the Central West region of the São Paulo state, where they were submitted to microbiological analysis in order to determine the most probable number (MPN) of coliforms at 35 and 45ºC, carry out Salmonella spp. study and coagulase-positive staphylococci count. The results showed that in 30.56% of samples the coliform count at 35ºC was above 1,100 MPN/g and 12.17% of samples presented coliforms at 45ºC above 100 MPN/g, which is the maximum limit established by Brazilian law. The prevalence of contaminated samples among those without heat treatment was at 97.44%, and for samples with heat treatment the prevalence was at 2.56% for both cooked and braised foods. All samples were negative for Salmonella spp. presence and showed coagulase-positive staphylococci count at < 1.0 × 102 UFC/g. Although no pathogenic agents were found, the high count for indicator microorganisms in a large number of samples suggests that the practices of obtaining and manipulating these foods are inadequate, facilitating the risk of contamination with pathogens, including other agents not included in this research. Thus, food and nutrition units must pay attention to food preparation procedures, especially since these meals are served to indoor patients.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o perfil microbiológico de diferentes tipos de saladas provenientes de cozinhas hospitalares. No período de 2010 a 2014, o Serviço de Orientação à Alimentação Pública (SOAP) recebeu 641 amostras de saladas provenientes de dois hospitais públicos da região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, onde foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas para a determinação do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes a 35 e 45ºC, pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva. Os resultados revelaram que em 30,56% das amostras a contagem de coliformes a 35ºC foi maior que 1.100 NMP/g, e 12,17% apresentaram coliformes a 45ºC acima de 100 NMP/g, limite máximo estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. A prevalência de amostras contaminadas sem tratamento térmico foi de 97,44% e de 2,56% para amostras com tratamento térmico, cozidas ou refogadas. Todas as amostras foram negativas para presença de Salmonella spp. e apresentaram contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva < 1,0 × 102 UFC/g. Embora não tenham sido encontrados agentes patogênicos, as altas contagens de micro-organismos indicadores em grande parte das amostras sugerem que as práticas de obtenção e manipulação desses alimentos estão inadequadas, possibilitando risco de contaminação por patógenos, inclusive outros agentes não contemplados nesta pesquisa. Portanto, as unidades de alimentação e nutrição hospitalares devem se atentar quanto aos procedimentos de preparo de alimentos, sobretudo porque essas refeições são servidas a indivíduos hospitalizados.(AU)

Microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens / Perfil microbiológico de diferentes tipos de saladas provenientes de cozinhas hospitalares

The objective of this work was to verify the microbiological profile of different types of salads from hospital kitchens. During the period from 2010 to 2014, the Public Food Guidance Service (SOAP) received 641 samples of salads from two public hospitals in the Central West region of the São Paulo state, where they were submitted to microbiological analysis in order to determine the most probable number (MPN) of coliforms at 35 and 45ºC, carry out Salmonella spp. study and coagulase-positive staphylococci count. The results showed that in 30.56% of samples the coliform count at 35ºC was above 1,100 MPN/g and 12.17% of samples presented coliforms at 45ºC above 100 MPN/g, which is the maximum limit established by Brazilian law. The prevalence of contaminated samples among those without heat treatment was at 97.44%, and for samples with heat treatment the prevalence was at 2.56% for both cooked and braised foods. All samples were negative for Salmonella spp. presence and showed coagulase-positive staphylococci count at < 1.0 × 102 UFC/g. Although no pathogenic agents were found, the high count for indicator microorganisms in a large number of samples suggests that the practices of obtaining and manipulating these foods are inadequate, facilitating the risk of contamination with pathogens, including other agents not included in this research. Thus, food and nutrition units must pay attention to food preparation procedures, especially since these meals are served to indoor patients.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o perfil microbiológico de diferentes tipos de saladas provenientes de cozinhas hospitalares. No período de 2010 a 2014, o Serviço de Orientação à Alimentação Pública (SOAP) recebeu 641 amostras de saladas provenientes de dois hospitais públicos da região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, onde foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas para a determinação do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes a 35 e 45ºC, pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva. Os resultados revelaram que em 30,56% das amostras a contagem de coliformes a 35ºC foi maior que 1.100 NMP/g, e 12,17% apresentaram coliformes a 45ºC acima de 100 NMP/g, limite máximo estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. A prevalência de amostras contaminadas sem tratamento térmico foi de 97,44% e de 2,56% para amostras com tratamento térmico, cozidas ou refogadas. Todas as amostras foram negativas para presença de Salmonella spp. e apresentaram contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva < 1,0 × 102 UFC/g. Embora não tenham sido encontrados agentes patogênicos, as altas contagens de micro-organismos indicadores em grande parte das amostras sugerem que as práticas de obtenção e manipulação desses alimentos estão inadequadas, possibilitando risco de contaminação por patógenos, inclusive outros agentes não contemplados nesta pesquisa. Portanto, as unidades de alimentação e nutrição hospitalares devem se atentar quanto aos procedimentos de preparo de alimentos, sobretudo porque essas refeições são servidas a indivíduos hospitalizados.(AU)

Development of an experimental model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus. Pilot study

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model of neurocysticercosis-induced hydrocephalus METHODS: There were used 17 rats. Ten animals were inoculated with Taenia crassiceps cysts into the subarachnoid. Five animals were injected with 0.1ml of 25% kaolin (a standard solution for the development of experimental hydrocephalus) and two animals were injected with saline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate enlargement of the ventricles after one or three months of inoculation. Volumetric study was used to quantify the ventricle enlargement. RESULTS: Seven of the 10 animals in the cyst group developed hydrocephalus, two of them within one month and five within three months after inoculation. Three of the five animals in the kaolin group had hydrocephalus and none in the saline group. Ventricle volumes were significantly higher in the 3-months MRI cyst subgroup than in the 1-month cyst subgroup. Differences between cyst subgroups and kaolin group did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The developed model may reproduce the human condition of neurocysticercosis-related hydrocephalus, which exhibits a slowly progressive chronic course.(AU)

Prevalence for nematodes of hygiene-sanitary importance in fish from Colares Island and Vigia, Pará, Brasil / Prevalência de nematoides de importância higiênico-sanitária em peixes da ilha de Colares e Vigia, Pará, Brasil

Zoonotic parasites can infect fish and be a serious threat to human health. The objective of this research was to estimate the prevalence for the main fish-borne zoonotic parasitic diseases of freshwater fish marketed in Colares Island and Vigia, Pará, Brazil. In February, 2012, 85 (40 of Colares and 45 of Vigia) fish were randomly sampled by means of net fishing. Eighty and 76% of fish sampled were parasitized, being silver croacker (Plagioscion squamosissimus), kumakuma (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum), and gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) the species most parasitized. The most prevalent parasites were Anisakis (50% in Colares and 49% in Vigia) and Contracaecum (60% in Colares and 40% in Vigia), followed by Pseudoterranova (2% in Colares and 11% in Vigia), Eustrongylides (10% in Colares and 0% in Vigia) and Hysterothylacium (2% in Colares and 7% in Vigia) in the species: silver croacker, kumakuma and gilded catfish, in both cities. Mesentery (55%) was the organ with highest level of intense infestation. A greater proportion of massive infestation was observed in females (57%) than in males (12%). Results of this study indicate that fish caught in Colares and Vigia could be of high risk for consumer.

Parasitos zoonóticos podem infectar peixes e causar sérios agravos à saúde humana. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a prevalência e identificar os fatores de risco para doenças parasitárias veiculadas por peixes de água doce comercializados na ilha de Colares e Vigia, Pará, Brazil. Em fevereiro de 2012, 85 peixes (40 de Colares e 45 de Vigia) foram coletados de forma aleatória com redes de pesca. Oitenta por cento e 76% dos peixes amostrados estavam parasitados, sendo a corvina (Plagioscion squamosissimus), piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) e dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii), as espécies mais parasitadas. Os parasitos mais prevalentes foram: Anisakis (50% em Colares e 49% em Vigia) e Contracaecum (60% em Colares e 40% em Vigia), seguido pelo Pseudoterranova (2% em Colares e 11% em Vigia), Eustrongylides (10% em Colares e 0% em Vigia) e Hysterothylacium (2% em Colares e 7% em Vigia) nas espécies: corvina, piramutaba e dourada, em ambos os municípios. O mesentério (55%) foi o órgão que apresentou infestação maciça em maior quantidade. A infestação maciça também foi observada com maior proporção em fêmeas (57%) do que em machos (12%). Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o peixe capturado em Colares e Vigia pode ser de alto risco para a o consumidor.(AU)

Análise microbiológica e físico-química de material proteico comestível derivado do processamento da gordura oriunda do abate de bovinos / Microbiological and Physical-Chemical Analysis of Edible Protein Obtained as a By-Product of Fat Rendering in Cattle Slaughter

Background: The use of all by-products of bovine slaughter is of high economic importance for the industries of products of animal origin. Among these products, fat has an important role, once fat rendering may generate several different products, such as protein material that may be used in the manufacture of meat products. However, in spite of the importance that the use of all by-products has for the economic balance of the industry, there are no reports on their use in Brazil, or studies that supply data on microbiological and physical-chemical local standards for this protein. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of protein material obtained from fat rendering, as well as to provide support for companies to use fat rendering to generate protein material, adding value to industrialized meat products. Materials, Methods & Results: The experimental production of edible protein obtained of fat rendering was conducted in slaughterhouse with supervision of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Protein material was obtained in a continuous, humid heat system at high temperatures. Fat scraps containing protein were ground and cooked at high temperature (85°C), and placed in a three phase decanter centrifuge. After centrifugation, protein material was ground again and packed. Samples were collected from 15 batches of protein material, and the following microbiological analyses were carried out: counts of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, coliforms at 35ºC, Escherichia coli, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, and Staphylococcus aureus, besides presence or absence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogens. The following physical-chemical analyses were also carried out: protein, total lipid, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, and energy content. Mean counts of mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and coliforms at 35ºC were 4.17; 3.69 and 1.87 (log CFU/g), respectively. Levels of protein, total lipids, moisture, ashes and carbohydrates were 27.50; 7.83; 63.88%; 0.24%; and 0.55%, respectively, and energy content was 182.63 kcal/100g. Discussion: Results of microbiological analyses demonstrated that, although low, the final product showed to be contaminated. Contamination that occurred during the second grinding procedure may be an explanation for these bacterial counts. Also, the temperature used for fat fusion was not enough to eliminate thermoduric microorganisms. However, even with the presence of indicator microorganisms in the samples, none was contaminated by E. coli, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, S. aureus, Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. Physical-chemical analyses showed that the product had adequate nutritional quality. Based on these results, it was possible to conclude that protein material obtained in fat rendering showed characteristics that enable the use of this product as raw material for processed meat products. Besides, the present study was the first one to present scientific results in relation to edible by-products obtained in fat rendering, supplying important information for slaughterhouses and meat-processing plants. The study also produced relevant data on the innocuousness of the product, which may be used to guide decision-making of health inspectors.

Usefulness of serological ELISA assay for Taenia saginata to detect naturally infected bovines / Utilização de teste sorológico ELISA para a detecção de bovinos naturalmente infectados por Taenia saginata

Bovine cysticercosis, a cosmopolitan disease caused by Taenia saginata, leads to economic losses due to carcass devaluation at slaughter. Sanitary inspection at slaughterhouses, the routine diagnostic method in Brazil, lacks the necessary sensitivity to detect the mildly infected cattle that are typically encoutered in Brazil. In this study we have tested cattle sera from animals diagnosed as positive and negative by veterianry inspection for (1) anti-parasite antibodies using metacestodes antigens (T. solium vesicular fluid and T. saginata secretions) and (2) the HP10 secreted antigen of viable metacestodes. The cut-off values were calculated by ROC curve for intense and mild infections conditions, and by the classical method ( X + 2DP for negative samples). The sensitivity and specificity of these diagnostic tests were different depending on the assumed cut-off value and, importantly, whether the infection was mild or intense. In spite of these observations, however, such ELISA assays for serum antibodies and parasite antigens constitute an important tool for epidemiological porposes, and in establishing priorities for the control of bovine cysticercosis.

A cisticercose bovina, uma doença cosmopolita causada pela Taenia saginata, resulta em perdas econômicas devido á desvalorização de carcaças durante o abate. A inspeção sanitária nos frigoríficos, método de diagnóstico de rotina no Brasil, não possui sensibilidade necessária para detectar animais levemente infectados, os quais são tipicamente encontrados no Brasil. Neste estudo testou-se soro de animais diagnosticados positivos e negativos pela inspeção veterinária por (1) anticorpos anti-parasita usando antígenos de metacestóides (fluido vesicular de T. solium e secreções de T. saginata) e (2) antígeno secretado de metacestóides viáveis. Os pontos de corte foram calculados pela curva ROC, considerando condições de intensa e leve infeção, e pelo método clássicoo ( X + 2DP das amostras negativas).. A sensibilidade e a especificidade dos testes diagnósticos foram diferentes dependendo do valor de ponto de corte assumido e, sobretudo, se a infecção era intensa ou leve. Apesar destas observações, no entanto, tanto o ensaio ELISA para anticorpos séricos quanto para antígeno de parasita constituem importante ferramenta para propósitos epidemiológicos e no estabelecimento de prioridades no controle da cisticercose bovina.

Animal cysticercosis in indigenous Brazilian villages / Cisticercose animal em aldeias indígenas brasileiras

Sanitary inspection of beef and pork meat has been the major tool for diagnosing animal cysticercosis and for preventing taeniasis in Brazil. he indigenous villages Jaguapiru and Bororo are located close to the urban area of the municipality of Dourados in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, where precarious basic sanitation conditions are observed. Both cattle and pigs are raised for self-consumption of meat and milk as well as for sale on the external market, generally without oicial sanitary inspection. In this study, 96 bovine carcasses and 117 pig blood serum samples from animals raised in these indigenous villages were evaluated for the presence of metacestodes by postmortem evaluation, and anti-Taenia sp. antibodies were investigated using the indirect ELISA test. Metacestode forms were observed in 18.7% of the bovine carcasses, and 9.4% of the pig serum samples were positive for anti-Taenia sp. antibodies. The occurrence of animal cysticercosis in the villages may favor the occurrence of this zoonosis in the indigenous populations. Enforcement of proper slaughter and sanitary inspection conditions are urgently needed for controlling the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex among the indigenous population.(AU)

A inspeção sanitária da carne bovina e suína tem sido a principal forma diagnóstica da cisticercose animal e da prevenção da teníase no Brasil. As aldeias indígenas Jaguapirú e Bororó estão localizadas próximo à área urbana do município de Dourados-MS, com condições precárias de saneamento básico, onde bovinos e suínos são criados como fonte de alimento para consumo próprio, bem como para comercialização externa, geralmente sem inspeção sanitária oficial. Neste estudo, 96 carcaças bovinas e 117 amostras de soro de suínos, criados nas aldeias indígenas, foram avaliadas para a presença de formas metacestóides à inspeção sanitária e de anticorpos anti-Taenia sp. ao teste ELISA, respectivamente. Observaram-se 18,75% de positividade para cisticercose bovina e 9,4% para cisticercose suína. A ocorrência do complexo teníase-cisticercose nas aldeias pode favorecer a ocorrência desta zoonose na população indígena. Condições adequadas de abate e inspeção sanitária dos animais destas aldeias se fazem urgente para o controle do complexo teníase-cisticercose na população indígena.(AU)

Prevalência de cisticercose bovina em dois frigoríficos sob inspeção federal do estado de São Paulo / prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in two slaughterhouses under federal inspection in the state of São Paulo

o complexo teníase-cisticercose é uma parasitose com distribuição mundial, de importância em saúde pública. O homem pode adquirir a teníase pela ingestão de tecidos contaminados com cisticerco (Cysticercus bovis em bovinos). A detecção de cisticercos em bovinos ocorre durante a inspeção sanitária no matadouro frigorífico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência de cisticercose em bovinos abatidos no período de 2009 a 20 IO, em dois frigoríficos do Estado de São Paulo. O presente estudo foi realizado através da análise retrospectiva das informações do período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 20 IO. Todos os dados referentes à cisticercose nos dois frigoríficos estudados foram obtidos através de mapas nosográficos relativos do Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Observou-se prevalência de cisticercose viva de 0,22% em 2009 e 0,18 % em 20 I O no frigorífico L; 1,99% em 2009 e 2,07% em 2010 no frigorífico 2. Com relação à cisticercose calcificada detectou-se ] ,93% em 2009 e 1,87% em 2010 no frigorífico 1; 2,02% em 2009 e 4,95% em 2010 no frigorífico 2. Foi observada maior prevaLência de cisticercose calcificada na mesorregião do Vale do Paraíba e de viva em Piracicaba, no frigorífico 1. Em contrapartida, a mesorregião de Bauru foi responsável pelos maiores índices de cisticercose viva e calcificada no frigorífico 2. A prevalência de cisticercose bovina nas carcaças analisadas apresentou- se alta. Isto pode ser devido principalmente ao manejo sanitário dos animais, expondo o consumidor a este risco. Para tanto, se faz necessário treinamento de profissionais que atuam, tanto na produção animal, como na inspeção sanitária, pois representam um dos principais elos da cadeia produtiva responsáveis pela eliminação deste parasito, protegendo a saúde humana. (AU)

The taeniasis-cysticercosis complex has worldwide distribution with public health importance. Taeniasis can affect human by consumption of tissue contaminated with cysts (Cysticercus bovis of bovine) or cysticercosis by intake of water or food containing eggs of Taenia. The detection of bovine cysts occurs during sanitary inspection in the slaughterhouse. The objective of this research was to identify the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in animals slaughtered in two establishments, during 2009 to 2010, of São Paulo States. This work used data [rom the slaughterhouse of this parasitosis during january of 2009 to december of 2010. Ali data about cysticercosis of the two slaughter of São Paulo State studied was taken by nosographic maps of the Federal inspection Service. /t was observed 0.22% of live cysticercus in 2009 and 0./8% of live cysticercus in 2010 in the slaughterhouse /, /.99% of live cysticercus in 2009 and 2.07% of live cysticercus in 2010 in the slaughterhouse 2. Concerning to the calcified cysticercus it was detected /.93% in 2009 and /.87% in 2010 in the slaughterhouse 1, 2.02% in 2009 and 4.95% in 2010 in the slaughterhouse 2. /n slaughterhouse one, there was higher prevalence of caleified cysticercosis in Vale do Paraíba region and of alive cysts in Piracicaba region. However, Bauru region was responsible for highest levels of calcified and alive cysts in slaughterhouse two. The prevalence of bovine cysticercosis analyzed in this study was high. The highest prevalence can be due to sanitary handling of animals, and this way, consumers is exposed to this risk. Thereby, training of people that work with animal production and sanitary inspection is essential, because these are links of the production chain responsible for elimination of this parasite, and this way, protecting human health. (AU)

Avaliação estrutural e higiênico-sanitária de estabelecimentos alimentícios de Botucatu, SP / Evaluation structural and hygienic sanitary of food establishments in Botucatu, SP

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo constatar in loco a situação estrutural e higiênico sanitária de 44 estabelecimentos alimentícios (bares e lanchonetes, mini-mercados, padarias, restaurantes) da cidade de Botucatu, identificando, através dos dados obtidos, quais são os setores que oferecem maior risco à saúde pública. Foi aplicado um questionário chamado de diagnóstico tecnológico em cada um deles, o qual continha 144 questões divididas em cinco itens, sendo eles: Item 1 Edificação e Instalações, Item 2 Equipamentos, Móveis e Utensílios, Item 3 Funcionários, Item 4 Fluxo de Produção, Item 5 Sistema de Garantia de Qualidade. Os dados obtidos permitiram que se cumprisse o objetivo de responder às seguintes questões: a) Qual dos itens obteve o pior resultado geral? b) Qual o setor que apresentou maior número de não conformidades? C) Qual item é mais problemático em cada setor? Os dados analisados demonstraram que: o item de pior desempenho geral foi o Item 5 Sistema de Garantia de Qualidade, com 61% de não conformidade; o setor que apresentou maior número de não conformidades foi o Setor Padarias, com 48 em 144 possibilidades (33%); destacaram-se negativamente perante os itens: o Setor Padarias no Item 1, o Setor Restaurantes no Item 2, o setor Mini-Mercados no Item 3 e o Setor Bares e Lanchonetes nos Itens 4 e 5.(AU)

The present work had as objective to evidence in loco the structural situation and hygienic sanitary of44 feed establishments (bar and snack bars, mini-markets, bakeries, restaurants) of the city of Botucatu,raising, through the obtained data, which are the sectors that offer to greater risk to public health. Weadministered a questionnaire called the diagnostic technology in each, which contained 144 questions divided into five items, which were: item 1 - Building and Facilities, item 2 - Equipment, Furniture and instrument, item 3 - Staff, item 4 Flow Production, item 5 - System of Quality Assurance. The data obtained have to satisfy the goal of answering the following questions: a) Which of the items received the worst overall outcome? b) What is the sector that presented greater number of non-conformities ? c) What item is most problematic in each sector? The data analyzed showed that the overall performance was worse in the Item 5 - System of Quality Assurance, with 61% of non-compliance; the sector that presented greater number of non-compliance was the Bakeries Sector, with 48 in 144 chances (33%); stood out negatively to the items: the Bakeries Sector in Item 1, the Restaurant Sector in Item 2, the Mini Markets Sector in Item 3 and Bars and Snack Bars Sector in the Items 4 and 5. (AU)

Qualidade das hortaliças comercializadas no Distrito Federal / Quality of the vegetables commercialized in the Distrito Federal

Este estudo investigou a contaminação por enteroparasitas em 206 amostras de hortaliças, alface, rúcula e agrião, das regiões do Distrito Federal, Brasil, as quais foram colhidas de restaurantes self-service, feiras, mercados e da CEASA com o intuito de verificar as condições higiênico-sanitárias desses produtos consumidos in natura. Dentre as amostras obtiveram-se 189 negativas (91,8%) e 17 positivas para alguma contaminação parasitária (8,2%). Para a detecção destes parasitas foi utilizado o método de centrífugo-flutuação com Dicromato de Sódio (Diluição=1:35). Diante dos achados, concluiu-se que as hortaliças oferecidas à população do Distrito Federal estão fora dos padrões de higiene preconizados para o consumo conforme legislação vigente.(AU)

This work researched the contamination by enteroparasites on 206 vegetables samples like lettuce, watercress, rucula of the DF region, Brazil, colleted in self-service restaurants, [airs, markets and CEASA, to check hygienic-sanitary conditions of the products used in natura. Among the samples 189(91,8%) come out negative and 17 (8,2%) positive for parasite contaminations. The centrifuge-fluctuation method with Sodium Dichromate (1:35 dilution). Was used to detect these parasites based on these findings, it can be concluded that the vegetables offered for the DF population are out of hygienicstandards determine d for consumption according to the present legislation. (AU)

Conhecimento sobre boas práticas por parte dos manipuladores de alimentos na rede municipal de ensino Botucatu, SP / Knowledge about good practices of food handlers in the municipal education - Botucatu, SP

Quando grandes quantidades de alimentos são preparadas, como na merenda escolar, aumentam-se os perigos microbiológicos caso ocorra uma manipulação inadequada dos mesmos. Neste contexto, o manipulador é um elo indiscutível na cadeia epidemiológica da intoxicação alimentar, o que o torna um elemento incisivo no processo de disseminação de patógenos. O conhecimento dos manipuladores sobre as boas práticas de manipulação da merenda escolar em 4 escolas municipais de Botucatu, SP, por meio de checklist, mostrou as práticas higiênicas adotadas na distribuição dos alimentos. Constatou-se elevado grau de incapacitação do profissional no exercício de sua função, o que reflete a necessidade urgente de treinamento seguido de uma supervisão periódica, a fim de que se tenha como resultado uma distribuição segura de alimentos às crianças beneficiadas.(AU)

In large-scale food preparation, sulci as for a school meal, there are expressive microbiological hazards if the food is not correctly handled. Thus the food handler is unquestionably a link in the food poisoning epidemiological chain, thus becoming an incisive component in a pathogen dissemination process. The food handlers' knowledge of good school meal practices were estimated through a checklist, which implicated 4 public elementary schools in Botucatu, SP. The results showed the food distribution sanitary practices, confirming a high degree of professional incapacitation for the job. These data point to an urgent necessity for training, followed by periodic supervisionin order to obtain safe food distribution to the helped children. (AU)

Avaliação microbiológica para incrementar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária de um programa de alimentação da rede municipal de ensino / Microbiological evaluation to improve the sanitary quality of a nutrition programmes the network of municipal education

Foi avaliada microbiologicamente a merenda escolar preparada na Cozinha Piloto e sua amostra correspondente após distribuição em escolas municipais de Botucatu, SP. Pesquisaram-se os patógenos Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. Analisaram-se, também, swabs de utensílios e de mão de manipuladores para bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, Staphylococcus aureus e coliformes. Verificou-se ausência /25g para Salmonella spp, contagem <1,0 x 10² UFC/g para Staphylococcus aureus e < 1,0 x 10 UFC/g para Escherichia coli em 100 por cento dos alimentos analisados; não se obteve isolamento de coliformes nas amostras de swab. Porém identificou-se Staphylococcus spp nas mãos de merendeiras; obteve-se isolamento máximo de 1,07 x 10 UFC para bactérias aeróbias mesófilas em swab de mão, porém, padrão normal destas nos utensílios. Frente a estes resultados, pode-se concluir que, embora satisfatória a qualidade microbiológica dos alimentos para tais patógenos, torna-se imperativo um melhor treinamento e capacitação dos manipuladores para garantir a distribuição de um alimento seguro.(AU)

Microbiological analyses were carried out from school meal that was prepared in the Kitchen Headquarter and their corresponding sample that was served in elementary schools from Botucatu, SP, Brasil. Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli were the agents that we looked for Mesophyllic aerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms were also researched by utensils and hand's swabs analyses. The results showed no development of Salmonella ssp/25g, presence < 1,0 x 102 UFC/g of Staphylococcus aureus and < 1,Ox101 UFC/g of Escherichia Coli in all food samples analysed; the presence of coliforms in swab 's samples was not observed; while Staphylococcus aureus was identified in some food handler 's hands; a high number of mesophyllic aerobic bacteria in hand's swabs were observed, but into utensils 'samplers this number was considered normal. These results show us that, although microbiological food quality was considered satisfactory, an improvement in food handler 's knowledge and correct trainmen are necessary in. order to obtain the warranty of better food quality. (AU)