Risk factors and detection of brucella ovis in naturally infected rams and ewes / Fatores de risco e detecção de brucella ovis em carneiros e ovelhas naturalmente infectados

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.

Risk factors and detection of brucella ovis in naturally infected rams and ewes / Fatores de risco e detecção de brucella ovis em carneiros e ovelhas naturalmente infectados

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.(AU)

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.(AU)

Risk factors and detection of brucella ovis in naturally infected rams and ewes / Fatores de risco e detecção de brucella ovis em carneiros e ovelhas naturalmente infectados

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.

Efeito do extrato etanólico da Simarouba versicolor sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos de ratas / Effect of Simarouba vesrsicolor's ethanolic extract on the reproductive parameters of rats

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of Simarouba versicolor on reproductive parameters of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus): implantation index (%), resorption index (%), pre-implant loss, post-implant loss of the parents. pregnancy, the rats with approximately 90 days, weighing 160 to 250 g were divided into 4 groups (n=8), Control, Sv-EtOH 10, 20, 40mg/kg. The formulas used to evaluate reproductive parameters were following: IMPLEMENTATION INDEX = (number of implantations / number of corpus luteum)x100; REABSORPTION INDEX = (no resorption*/ no implants) x100* no resorptions = (no implants)-(nofetuses); PRE-IMPLANT LOSSES = (No. of corpus luteum - No. of implants / No. of corpus luteum) x100; POSTIMPLANT LOSSES = (number of implants - number of natives / number of implants) x100. In the analysis of the implantation index, resorption, pre-implant loss and post-implantation loss were not significant when compared to the control. These results indicate the absence of maternal toxicity for the investigated doses during the period of pre-implantation, implantation and full term pregnancy. However, further studies with different doses and concentrations of Simarouba versicolor extract will be necessary in the gestational period.

Taxas de maturação de oócitos congelados lentamente de caprinos / Slowly frozen caprine oocyte maturation rate

The objective was to evaluate the maturation rates of goat oocytes submitted to slow freezing in conventional medium for IVM. For this purpose, cumulus-oocyte complexes aspirated from pubic goat ovaries were classified morphologically and slowly frozen with 1.5 M ethylene glycol. After thawing the cryopreserved oocytes, those classified as viable were matured in conventional in vitro maturation medium. Evaluating the maturation rate, the percentage of matured oocytes in the group that underwent the cryopreservation process is significantly lower (17.6%) when compared to the control group (69.2%), also showing a high percentage of immature oocytes. Several oocyte injuries were found, caused by the studied cryopreservation method, interfering with their oocyte competence. Even with nuclear maturation rates, observed through the extrusion of the first polar corpuscle, the morphologies were altered in most oocytes, and further studies using new techniques and / or other cryoprotectants are necessary.

Taxas de maturação de oócitos congelados lentamente de caprinos / Slowly frozen caprine oocyte maturation rate

The objective was to evaluate the maturation rates of goat oocytes submitted to slow freezing in conventional medium for IVM. For this purpose, cumulus-oocyte complexes aspirated from pubic goat ovaries were classified morphologically and slowly frozen with 1.5 M ethylene glycol. After thawing the cryopreserved oocytes, those classified as viable were matured in conventional in vitro maturation medium. Evaluating the maturation rate, the percentage of matured oocytes in the group that underwent the cryopreservation process is significantly lower (17.6%) when compared to the control group (69.2%), also showing a high percentage of immature oocytes. Several oocyte injuries were found, caused by the studied cryopreservation method, interfering with their oocyte competence. Even with nuclear maturation rates, observed through the extrusion of the first polar corpuscle, the morphologies were altered in most oocytes, and further studies using new techniques and / or other cryoprotectants are necessary.(AU)

Efeito do extrato etanólico da Simarouba versicolor sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos de ratas / Effect of Simarouba vesrsicolor's ethanolic extract on the reproductive parameters of rats

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of Simarouba versicolor on reproductive parameters of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus): implantation index (%), resorption index (%), pre-implant loss, post-implant loss of the parents. pregnancy, the rats with approximately 90 days, weighing 160 to 250 g were divided into 4 groups (n=8), Control, Sv-EtOH 10, 20, 40mg/kg. The formulas used to evaluate reproductive parameters were following: IMPLEMENTATION INDEX = (number of implantations / number of corpus luteum)x100; REABSORPTION INDEX = (no resorption*/ no implants) x100* no resorptions = (no implants)-(nofetuses); PRE-IMPLANT LOSSES = (No. of corpus luteum - No. of implants / No. of corpus luteum) x100; POSTIMPLANT LOSSES = (number of implants - number of natives / number of implants) x100. In the analysis of the implantation index, resorption, pre-implant loss and post-implantation loss were not significant when compared to the control. These results indicate the absence of maternal toxicity for the investigated doses during the period of pre-implantation, implantation and full term pregnancy. However, further studies with different doses and concentrations of Simarouba versicolor extract will be necessary in the gestational period.(AU)

Uso da polpa desidratada do fruto de Mauritia flexuosa como suplemento ao diluente de congelação do sêmen caprino / Use of dehydrated pulp of Mauritia flexuosa fruit as supplement to freezing extender of goat semen

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade in vitro do sêmen caprino descongelado utilizando diluentesuplementado com a polpa desidratada do fruto de Mauritia flexuosa. O experimento foi dividido emduas etapas. Na primeira, foram utilizados 15 pools,fracionados em 13 tratamentos com diferentesconcentrações do extrato bruto. Os melhores resultados de viabilidade espermática obtidos na primeiraetapa foram utilizadas na segunda etapa (criopreservação). Para isto, foram formados dois gruposutilizando 15 pools, sendo um diluente constituído (TRIS + 7% glicerol + melhores concentrações doextrato bruto) e outro pelo diluente (TRIS + 2,5% gema de ovo + 7% glicerol + melhores concentraçõesdo extrato bruto). Na primeira etapa os grupos contendo baixa quantidade do extrato não diferiram dogrupo controle (P≤0,05). Todavia na segunda etapa, após descongelação, os grupos TRIS contendo 2,5%ou 0% de gema de ovo apresentaram diferença significativa, onde o grupo TB06GLGE foi superior aogrupo controle. Portanto, a polpa desidratada do fruto de Mauritia flexuosa,nas concentrações de 0,25% a1%, não atuou de forma benéfica sobre parâmetros espermáticos do sêmen caprino após acriopreservação/descongelação.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the in vitro quality of the thawed goat semen using diluentsupplemented with the dehydrated pulp of the Mauritia flexuosa fruit. The experiment was divided intotwo stages. In the first, 15 fractionated pools were used in 13 treatments with different concentrations ofthe crude extract. The best results of sperm viability obtained in the first experimental stage were used inthe second experimental stage (cryopreservation). Afterwards, two groups were formed using 15 pools,one constituent (TRIS + 7% glycerol + best concentrations of the crude extract) and another by thediluent (TRIS + 2,5% egg yolk + 7% glycerol + best concentrations of the crude extract). In the firststage, the groups containing low amount of extract did not differ from the control group (P≤0.05).However, in the second stage, after thawing, TRIS groups containing 2.5% or 0% egg yolk presented asignificant difference, where the TB06GLGE group was superior to the control group. Therefore, thedehydrated fruit pulp of Mauritia flexuosa at concentrations of 0.25% to 1% did not benefit goat semenparameters after cryopreservation/thawing.(AU)

Uso da polpa desidratada do fruto de Mauritia flexuosa como suplemento ao diluente de congelação do sêmen caprino / Use of dehydrated pulp of Mauritia flexuosa fruit as supplement to freezing extender of goat semen

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade in vitro do sêmen caprino descongelado utilizando diluentesuplementado com a polpa desidratada do fruto de Mauritia flexuosa. O experimento foi dividido emduas etapas. Na primeira, foram utilizados 15 pools,fracionados em 13 tratamentos com diferentesconcentrações do extrato bruto. Os melhores resultados de viabilidade espermática obtidos na primeiraetapa foram utilizadas na segunda etapa (criopreservação). Para isto, foram formados dois gruposutilizando 15 pools, sendo um diluente constituído (TRIS + 7% glicerol + melhores concentrações doextrato bruto) e outro pelo diluente (TRIS + 2,5% gema de ovo + 7% glicerol + melhores concentraçõesdo extrato bruto). Na primeira etapa os grupos contendo baixa quantidade do extrato não diferiram dogrupo controle (P≤0,05). Todavia na segunda etapa, após descongelação, os grupos TRIS contendo 2,5%ou 0% de gema de ovo apresentaram diferença significativa, onde o grupo TB06GLGE foi superior aogrupo controle. Portanto, a polpa desidratada do fruto de Mauritia flexuosa,nas concentrações de 0,25% a1%, não atuou de forma benéfica sobre parâmetros espermáticos do sêmen caprino após acriopreservação/descongelação.

The objective was to evaluate the in vitro quality of the thawed goat semen using diluentsupplemented with the dehydrated pulp of the Mauritia flexuosa fruit. The experiment was divided intotwo stages. In the first, 15 fractionated pools were used in 13 treatments with different concentrations ofthe crude extract. The best results of sperm viability obtained in the first experimental stage were used inthe second experimental stage (cryopreservation). Afterwards, two groups were formed using 15 pools,one constituent (TRIS + 7% glycerol + best concentrations of the crude extract) and another by thediluent (TRIS + 2,5% egg yolk + 7% glycerol + best concentrations of the crude extract). In the firststage, the groups containing low amount of extract did not differ from the control group (P≤0.05).However, in the second stage, after thawing, TRIS groups containing 2.5% or 0% egg yolk presented asignificant difference, where the TB06GLGE group was superior to the control group. Therefore, thedehydrated fruit pulp of Mauritia flexuosa at concentrations of 0.25% to 1% did not benefit goat semenparameters after cryopreservation/thawing.