Cholangiocarcinoma in a bitch - multimodal diagnosis

Background: Hepatic tumors of primary origin account for 0.6% to 2.9% of cases in canine species, less common than hepatic metastases. The hepatic tumors are divided into hepatocellular tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, bile duct tumors or cholangiocarcinomas, and mesenchymal tumors. Cholangiocarcinomas, are classified according to their origin, being intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or gallbladder type. Cholangiocarcinomas are considered rare in dogs and cats with a ratio of 29% to 71% compared to hepatocellular carcinomas, accounting for 9% of the hepatic tumors. The present study aims to describe a case of cholangiocarcinoma in a bitch, focusing on the diagnostic approach. Case: A 10-year-old castrated bitch Poodle was attended presenting hypoglycemia and seizure crisis. The patient had previous exams of hemogram and serum biochemical profile, showing a discrete increase of the hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), besides hypoglycemia. Previous ultrasound exam revealed the presence of a hepatic mass located between the right and square lobes, immeasurable, and significant splenomegaly. Abdominal palpation revealed the presence of immeasurable abdominal formation of undetermined origin. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT), glycemic curve, and insulin dosage were requested. Tomography exam showed an increase in hepatic volume with the presence of a heterogeneous formation in the right lateral lobe topography; increase in spleen dimensions and the presence of multiple nodules; and the presence of a nodule in the right lung, at the caudal thoracic region. The glycemic curve showed acute variations, and insulin dosage was between normal values. The animal was referred for surgery, as in abdominocentesis, it was observed the presence of hemorrhagic fluid, confirming active bleeding by ultrasonography. The owners chose for euthanasia. In the post-mortem evaluation the main lesion was confirmed of hepatic origin, with a massive, irregular, cavitary presentation, involving multiple hepatic lobes, and a single nodule was observed in the right caudal lobe of the right lung. Histopathological evaluation was considered inconclusive. Immunohistochemistry was performed and the association of the immunohistochemical profile with the morphological characteristics indicated diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Discussion: The related symptomatology, in hepatic neoplasms, is generally considered non-specific, with reports of lethargy, vomiting, dyspnea, anorexia and weight loss, however, the dog in this study presented a unique manifestation of hypoglycemia and one episode of convulsive crisis resulting from it. The clinical manifestation observed was extremely unspecific making initial diagnosis difficult. The ultrasonographic examination was effective in evidencing the abdominal mass. In addition, abdominal CT was also performed, which confirmed the hepatic origin, detailing the macroscopic aspect. Biochemical analyses of ALT and AST showed a discrete increase. Biochemical changes may occur in dogs with hepatic neoplasms, although they are not specific. Functional pancreatic beta-cell tumors producing insulin are the most common cause of paraneoplastic hypoglycemia, although in the case the insulin dosage was within normal limits. In cases of nonislet cell tumor the mechanism is frequently associated with the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). In most cases the definitive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma can be obtained by histopathological examination, although in the present report the result obtained was inconclusive, requiring an immunohistochemical examination. Due to the aggressive and metastatic character of this neoplastic type, early detection becomes extremely important in order to maximize therapeutic chances, however, diagnosis may be difficult.

Lomustine for treatment of canine transmissible venereal tumor / Eficácia da lomustina no tratamento do tumor venéreo transmissível canino

Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVTC) is a highly casuistic transmissible neoplasm in Brazil. Chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate is considered the treatment of choice, but the need for weekly applications and hematological monitoring, in addition to costs, are obstacles to owners' adhesion to the treatment. Lomustine is an alkylating class antineoplastic agent, and because it is administered orally, it is a more practical and less costly treatment option for the owners of animals with neoplasms sensitive to the drug. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of lomustine in dogs affected by TVTC. Twelve dogs with cytopathological diagnosis of natural genital TVTC were selected. The dogs were submitted to the experimental protocol with lomustine administration at doses of 70 to 85 mg/m2 orally every 21 days, totaling a maximum of two administration cycles. The animals were reevaluated every 7 days until a maximum of +49 days after the first dose of lomustine, to monitor the regression of neoplastic lesions through measurements. Among the 12 dogs submitted to the lomustine protocol, 8/12 achieved complete remission of the neoplasm and were considered cured (66.6%), 1/12 had partial response to treatment (8.33%) and 3/12 had stable disease (25%). Important adverse effects such as severe neutrophilic leukopenia were detected in 3/12 dogs (25%). The clinical study indicated that lomustine may be a treatment option for TVTC.

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) é uma neoplasia transmissível de elevada casuística no Brasil. A quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina é considerada o tratamento de escolha, mas a necessidade de aplicações semanais e acompanhamento hematológico, além dos custos, são obstáculos à adesão dos proprietários ao tratamento. A lomustina é um antineoplásico da classe dos agentes alquilantes e, por ser administrado por via oral, representa um opção de tratamento mais prática e menos onerosa para os proprietários de animais com neoplasias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia terapêutica da lomustina em cães acometidos por TVTC. Foram selecionados 12 cães com diagnóstico citopatológico de TVTC genital de ocorrência natural. Os cães foram submetidos ao protocolo experimental com administração de lomustina nas doses de 70 a 85 mg/m2 por via oral a cada 21 dias, totalizando no máximo dois ciclos de administração. Os animais foram reavaliados a cada sete dias até um máximo de +49 dias após a primeira dose de lomustina, para monitorar a regressão das lesões neoplásicas por meio de mensuração das lesões. Entre os 12 cães submetidos ao protocolo, 8/12 obtiveram remissão completa da neoplasia e foram considerados curados (66,6%), 1/12 tiveram resposta parcial ao tratamento (8,33%) e 3/12 tiveram doença estável (25%). Efeitos adversos importantes, como leucopenia neutrofílica grave, foram detectados em 3/12 cães (25%). O estudo clínico indicou que a lomustina pode ser uma opção de tratamento para TVTC.

Meningioma intracraniano em cão - tratamento com radioterapia / Intracranial meningioma in a dog - treatment with radiotherapy

Background: The most common primary brain neoplasm is meningioma. Dolichocephalic breeds are predisposed and there is no sexual predilection. Clinical signs depend on the location and size of the tumor and have a progressive course. Primary treatement includes surgery, radiotherapy or both. This study aimed to describe the treatment of a dog with suspected intracranial meningioma with definitive radiotherapy, which resulted in significant clinical improvement and prolonged survival. Case: A 9-year-old Shetland Shepherd bitch was diagnosed with a head tilt to the left side that progressed over a few weeks. She previously received corticosteroid therapy, which resulted a clinical improvement that worsened after treatment was discontinued. Computed tomography revealed an extra-axial brain mass in the caudal fossa, lateralized to the right, welldelimited, and measuring approximately 1.5 × 1.4 × 1.7 cm, suggestive of intracranial meningioma. The patient was treated with radiotherapy using Cobalt-60 equipment, with 18 daily fractions of 2.5 Gy at a total dose of 45 Gy using parallel and opposite technique fields. A new tomography performed 30 days after treatment showed a remission of 85% of the initial brain mass measuring approximately 0.9 × 1.0 × 0.5 cm, as well as complete resolution of the clinical signs initially presented. After 14 months, the patient presented with signs of lethargy and ataxia and was medicated with hydroxyurea at a dose of 50 mg/kg 3 times a week and corticosteroid therapy. However, the patient's neurological condition deteriorated, and she was subjected to reirradiation using the same protocol used previously, which resulted in clinical improvement and a 54% reduction in tumor volume on magnetic resonance. As a late side effect, only permanent alopecia in the irradiated region was observed. The patient died of disease 330 days after the second course of radiotherapy, with a total survival time of 1087 days. Discussion: Meningiomas are extra-axial neoplasms of the central nervous system that grow inside the dura mater. The literature shows that meningiomas are more common in dolichocephalic races with a mean age of 9 years, which supports our findings. Meningiomas most commonly affect the cortical thalamus and cerebellopontine region in dogs, which are normally associated with vestibular symptoms, as seen in this case. Diencephalic damage can result in vestibular signals since the thalamus functions as a relay station for vestibular afferent stimuli that are relayed to the cerebral cortex. In addition to the vestibular syndrome, common clinical signs associated with meningiomas in dogs include seizures, behavioral changes, and walking in circles, which are frequently misinterpreted due to tumor-induced side effects, such as cerebral edema, obstructive hydrocephalus, and cerebral hernia. Advanced imaging techniques should be used to diagnose intracranial neoplasms. In this case, computed tomography was critical for diagnosis and treatment planning. Meningioma treatment may comprise palliative measures, surgery, and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy as a single treatment can improve the quality of life with a decrease in clinical signs and a median survival time of approximately 250-536 days, as reported in the literature. Hydroxyurea can be a therapeutic option in inoperable cases and for patients with clinical limitations to undergo successive anesthesia during radiotherapy. Its most serious side effect is progressive myelosuppression. It can cause temporary partial tumor remission and improvement in clinical signs. As previously stated, radiotherapy can be an effective primary treatment option for treating intracranial meningiomas in dogs, with significant improvement in neurological clinical signs and mild side effects.

Bilateral inflammatory aural polyps in a kitten ­ case report / Pólipo aural inflamatório bilateral em um filhote de gato - relato de caso

Feline aural inflammatory polyps are non-neoplastic masses in the tympanic cavity or the Eustachian tube that can be observed in the ear canal of the cat and are a common cause of otitis externa and otitis media in young animals, with or without respiratory signs depending on the direction of polyp growth. Most of the polyps occurring in cats are unilateral. Otoscopy or video-otoscopy is necessary for its diagnosis, and treatment consists of the mechanical removal of the polyp and subsequent use of anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this paper was to report a case of bilateral inflammatory aural polyps in a kitten treated successfully by the minimally invasive technique of per-endoscopic trans-tympanic traction. A seven-month-old female mixed-breed cat, presenting bilateral ear discharge, was submitted to endoscopic examination of both ears and polypoid masses observed in each horizontal canal. Both polyps were grasped and pulled with a polypectomy snare through the otoendoscope. The patient received dexamethasone immediately after the procedure and a long-term oral corticosteroid protocol was established post-avulsion. It was concluded that otoendoscopy allowed an accurate and quick diagnosis, that the mass removal by per-endoscopic trans-tympanic traction was an effective treatment with no complications, and that bilateral occurrences could indicate a differential diagnosis, especially in young cats.(AU)

Pólipos inflamatórios aurais felinos são massas não neoplásicas na cavidade timpânica ou na tuba auditiva que podem ser observadas no canal auditivo do gato e são uma causa comum de otite externa e otite média em animais jovens, com ou sem sinais respiratórios dependendo da direção do crescimento do pólipo. A maioria dos pólipos que ocorrem em gatos é unilateral. A otoscopia ou vídeo-otoscopia é necessária para o seu diagnóstico, e o tratamento consiste na remoção mecânica do pólipo e posterior uso de anti-inflamatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de pólipos aurais inflamatórios bilaterais em um felino filhote tratado com sucesso pela técnica minimamente invasiva de tração trans-timpânica perendos-cópica. Um felino fêmea de sete meses de idade, sem raça definida, apresentando secreção auricular bilateral, foi submetido a exame endoscópico de ambas as orelhas e massas polipóides foram observadas em cada canal horizontal. Ambos os pólipos foram apreendidos e puxados com uma alça de polipectomia através do otoendoscópio. O paciente recebeu dexametasona imediatamente após o procedimento e um protocolo de corticosteroide oral em longo prazo foi estabelecido após a avulsão. Concluiu-se que a otoendoscopia permitiu um diagnóstico preciso e rápido, que a retirada das massas por tração transtimpâ-nica perendoscópica foi um tratamento eficaz e sem complicações e que as ocorrências bilaterais podem indicar um diagnós-tico diferencial, principalmente em gatos jovens.(AU)

Canine transmissible venereal tumor with spontaneous remission: case study with emphasis on clinical and cytopathological exams to monitor tumor evolution / Tumor venéreo transmissível canino com remissão espontânea: estudo de caso com ênfase aos exames clínico e citopatológico para monitoramento da evolução tumoral

The canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVTC) is a neoplasm transmitted mainly through copulation and with a high incidence in stray dogs in Brazil. In the process of tumor evolution of TVTC, the progression, stationary and regression phases are recognized. The host immunity is related to the disease's biological behavior, however, spontaneous regression observation in cases of naturally occurring TVTC is uncommon. A canine patient was attended, after beeing rescued from the street, due to an ulcerated mass in the external genitália and tick infestation. Cytopathological examination, which diagnosed TVTC, and laboratory tests that showed mild anemia and severe thrombocytopenia were performed. In view of the impossibility of carrying out other exams, it was made the presumptive diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), and treatment was instituted. During follow-up it was observed quick improvement in clinical signs and laboratory changes, as well as a reduction in tumor mass. A new cytopathological evaluation was carried out, and was verified increase in mature lymphocytes and plasmocytes in the midst of the tumor cells, finding compatible with the stationary phase of the disease. From that moment on, it was decided to perform only clinical and cytopathological follow-up. In the following evaluations, continuous clinical remission and cytopathological findings compatible with those described in the regression phase were observed, until its complete remission. It is considered that the improvement in the general health of the patient after the treatment of CME is related to the spontaneous regression of TVTC, and that simultaneous performance of serial clinical and cytopathological exams may be feasible and useful for monitoring the stages of evolution of TVTC.

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) é uma neoplasia transmitida principalmente através da cópula, com elevada incidência em cães errantes no Brasil. No processo de evolução tumoral do TVTC, são reconhecidas as fases de progressão, estacionária e de regressão. O estado imunológico do hospedeiro está relacionado ao comportamento biológico da doença, contudo, a observação de regressão espontânea em casos de TVTC de ocorrência natural é incomum. Foi atendida uma paciente canina, resgatada da rua, por apresentar massa ulcerada na genitália externa e infestação por carrapatos. Foram realizados exame citopatológico, que diagnosticou TVTC, e exames laboratoriais que evidenciaram anemia discreta e grave trombocitopenia. Com isso e diante da impossibilidade de realizar outros exames, foi também estabelecido o diagnóstico presuntivo de erlichiose monocítica canina (EMC) e instituído tratamento para a hemoparasitose. Durante o acompanhamento, foi observada rápida melhora dos sinais clínicos e das alterações laboratoriais, bem como a redução espontânea da massa tumoral. Em sequência, foi realizada nova avaliação citopatológica do TVTC e verificado o aumento quantitativo de linfócitos maduros e plasmócitos, em meio as células tumorais, achado compatível com a fase estacionária da doença. A partir desse momento, optou-se por realizar apenas acompanhamento clínico e avaliação citopatológica da neoplasia. Foram observados contínua remissão clínica e achados microscópicos compatíveis com a fase de regressão do tumor, até sua remissão completa. Pondera-se que a melhora na saúde geral da paciente após o tratamento da EMC esteja relacionada à regressão espontânea do TVTC, e que realização simultânea de exames clínico e citopatológico seriados pode ser viável e útil ao acompanhamento das fases de evolução do TVTC.

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino em laringe com metástase pulmonar / Canine transmissible venereal tumor in the larynx with pulmonary metastasis

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is one of the most common canine neoplasms in Brazil. Lesions develop mainly in the genital tissue and less frequently in other areas, in the extragenital form. Metastasis is rare, and the disease progression depends on the patient’s immune status. The treatment of choice is chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate, considered an effective and safe modality. The present work describes the first case of extragenital TVT in the larynx with pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Case: An approximately 4-month-old mixed-breed bitch was attended manifesting acute clinical respiratory signs. The patient had been rescued from the street 2 months beforehand. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes and crackling pulmonary auscultation. Thoracic radiography was performed in 3 projections, showing multiple nodules in the lung parenchyma, followed by cytopathological examination using fine needle puncture guided by thoracic ultrasound, confirming the diagnosis of TVT. Considering the cytological finding and the absence of primary tumor lesions in the genital, oral, cutaneous or nasal regions, endoscopy was performed in order to locate a possible primary focus. The exam revealed a small erythematous tumor with smooth and regular surface, measuring approximately 2.5 cm, located in the larynx, between the arytenoid cartilages. Chemotherapy was performed with vincristine sulfate with radiographic follow-up throughout the treatment. Full remission of the pulmonary and laryngeal nodules was achieved at the end of the protocol. The animal remained in complete remission for a period of 2 years. Discussion: TVT is more frequently observed in animals of active reproductive age, and rarely in animals under 1 year of age, as in the case...

Carcinoma uretral primário em uma cadela - tratamento multimodal / Primary urethral carcinoma in a bitch - multimodal treatment

Background: Urethral tumors are uncommon in canines, represented predominantly by transitional cell carcinoma, marked by aggressive behavior associated with short life expectancy. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by histopathological analysis. Surgery associated with chemotherapy is the main therapeutic alternative. The aim of this paper is to report a case of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra in a bitch, submitted to surgical treatment associated with conventional adjuvant chemotherapy and metronomic chemotherapy, achieving survival of 21 months, to date. Case: A 12-year-old bitch mixed breed was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), manifesting hematuria and urinary incontinence for one month. Physical examination indicated that vital parameters were within normal limits. Laboratory tests of blood count and serum biochemistry, urinalysis, culture, urinary antibiogram, and abdominal ultrasound were performed. The ultrasound image suggested a neoplastic urethral process. Because of the suspicion of neoplasm, a thoracic X-ray was performed, showing no evidence of metastasis. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdominal region was performed, revealing an expansive lesion in the urethra with loss of definition of the walls and urethral lumen extending to the level of the pelvic floor, measuring about 2.9 x 1.4 x 1.2 cm. After preanesthetic exams, the animal underwent resection and surgical anastomosis of the affected urethral region. The sectioned tissue was sent for histopathological analysis, with diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin at a dose of 250 mg/m², intravenously, every 21 days for 6 sessions. After completing the protocol, abdominal ultrasonography was performed again, which showed a cicatricial process in the urethral region of the surgical excision, with no sign of tumor recurrence. A metronomic chemotherapy protocol was then started with cyclophosphamide at a dose of 15 mg/m², daily for 6 months, with periodic oncological follow-up. At the end of the period, the animal remained under periodic follow-up with ultrasound exams performed at 2-month intervals, and has been free from recurrence for 21 months until now. Discussion: Urethral neoplasms account for 0.5 - 2% of all canine tumors, and are represented mostly by transitional cell carcinomas. Clinical signs of urinary obstruction and hematuria are the most common, as reported in the patient in question. The definitive diagnosis is by histopathological examination. However, imaging tests such as computed tomography are important in the initial investigation and surgical planning. The indicated treatment is surgical resection of the mass with subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The chemotherapy protocol associating cisplatin and piroxicam can achieve remission rates of 70%, but this association has a high nephrotoxic effect. In the present case, cisplatin was replaced by carboplatin in order to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of chemotherapy. The metronomic protocol using cyclophosphamide was used as maintenance therapy, at the end of the conventional chemotherapy protocol. Survival achieved was longer than that described in the literature in cases of transitional cell carcinomas in the urethral region. Therefore, multimodal therapy using surgery associated with conventional and metronomic chemotherapy, is an option in canines with urethral carcinoma.

Terapia multimodal no tratamento de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo canino / Multimodal therapy in the treatment of cutaneous canine hemangiosarcoma

O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna de origem endotelial. Quando manifestada em região cutânea, os sinais clínicos estão ligados a variações hemostáticas, como petéquias e hemorragias. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por exame histopatológico. A conduta cirúrgica é a terapia de escolha, podendo ser necessária a realização de técnicas reconstrutivas a depender da localização da neoplasia. A quimioterapia adjuvante, metronômica ou convencional, pode ser empregada. Um canino, fêmea, sem raça definida, de oito anos de idade, atendido com um nódulo cutâneo em região ventro abdominal. O animal foi submetido a protocolo quimioterápico metronômico, devido à extensão do tumor que impedia a exérese cirúrgica em um primeiro momento. O tratamento levou à citorredução, viabilizando a exérese tumoral, desconsiderando as margens de segurança, em caráter paliativo. Após a cirurgia o protocolo quimioterápico foi retomado e mantido nos dois meses seguintes. O animal permaneceu livre da doença nos seis meses seguintes, realizando revisões periódicas. O presente trabalho relata a abordagem multimodal aplicada em um caso de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo, atingindo qualidade de vida e sobrevida satisfatórias.

Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial origin. When manifested in the cutaneous region, clinical signs are linked to hemostatic variations, such as petechiae and hemorrhages. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological examination. Surgical management is the therapy of choice, and reconstructive techniques may be necessary depending on the location of the neoplasia. Adjuvant chemotherapy, either metronomic or conventional, can be used. An eight-year-old female, mixed-breed canine was treated with a cutaneous nodule in the abdominal ventral region. The animal was submitted to a metronomic chemotherapy protocol, due to the extension of the tumor that prevented surgical excision at first. The treatment led to cytoreduction, making the tumor excision feasible, disregarding the safety margins, in a palliative character. After surgery, the chemotherapy protocol was resumed and maintained for the next two months. The animal remained free of the disease for the following six months, undergoing periodic reviews. The present work reports the multimodal approach applied in a case of cutaneous hemangiosarcoma, achieving satisfactory quality of life and survival.

Occurrence of oral cavity neoplasms in canines attended at the oncology service of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2011 to 2017) / Ocorrência de neoplasias em cavidade oral em caninos atendidos no serviço de oncologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (2011 a2017)

The oral cavity is among the main sites of neoplasia, both benign and malignant. Those with characteristics of malignancy have an unfavorable prognosis due to their biological behavior and diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Epidemiological data are important to profile the affected population and establish an early treatment strategy, optimizing treatment and increasing the chances of cure and quality of life. The objective of this study was to present the clinical epidemiological aspects of dogs treated with neoplasms in the oral cavity at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2011 and 2017 through a retrospective study of all the medical records of the respective service. The epidemiological data extracted from the archives showed that out of 2832 cases of neoplasms treated in the oncology sector over a 7-year interval (2011 to 2017), 176 animals (6.21%) were affected by oral cavity neoplasms. The dogs without a defined breed were the most affected, the main site affected was the maxilla and melanoma was the most prevalent neoplasm.

A cavidade oral figura entre os principais sítios de acometimento por neoplasias, tanto benignas quanto malignas. Aquelas que possuem características de malignidade têm o prognóstico desfavorável pelo seu comportamento biológico e pela dificuldade diagnóstica e terapêutica. Os dados epidemiológicos são importantes para se traçar um perfil da população acometida e estabelecer uma estratégia de tratamento precoce otimizando o tratamento e aumentando as chances de cura e a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os aspectos clínicos epidemiológicos dos cães atendidos com neoplasias na cavidade oral no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2011 e 2017 por meio de um estudo retrospectivo de todos os prontuários do referido serviço. Os dados epidemiológicos extraídos dos arquivos evidenciaram que dos 2832 casos de neoplasias atendidos no setor de oncologia em um intervalo de 7 anos (2011 a 2017), as neoplasias da cavidade oral acometeram 176 animais (6,21%). Os cães sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos, o principal local acometido foi a maxila e o melanoma foi a neoplasia mais prevalente.

Lung-digit syndrome related to an adenosquamous feline lung carcinoma

Background: The lung-digit syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a primary pulmonar neoplasiamanifesting metastasis to the digit, occurring exclusively in felines. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs, associatedwith radiographic and histopathological exams. There are no therapeutic protocols well-established, and surgical excisionis considered controversial due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. The prognosis is considered poor, with low survivalrates. The aim of this paper is to report a case of lung-digit syndrome attended in Rio de Janeiro.Case: A 12-year-old female cat, no defined race, was attend with the complaint of weight loss and injury in the right thoraciclimb, already having histopathological diagnosis of squamous differentiation adenocarcinoma through biopsy. Physicalexamination showed no other clinical signs at first, including no signs of respiratory disease. Laboratory and imaging examswere performed, and the radiographic examination showed alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma showing a nodulararea of increased radiographic density. Followed up by the manifestation of breathing noise at rest, as the first respiratorysigns. The association of the clinical evaluation, medical history, and histopathological report from the limb lesion, leadto the suspicion diagnostic of lung-digit syndrome. The owners decide for the palliative treatment with chemotherapy, using carboplatin and prednisolone. Only the first session was performed, with the animal being euthanized due to clinicalworsening 48 days after the initial manifestation of clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed...

Occurrence of oral cavity neoplasms in canines attended at the oncology service of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2011 to 2017) / Ocorrência de neoplasias em cavidade oral em caninos atendidos no serviço de oncologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (2011 a2017)

The oral cavity is among the main sites of neoplasia, both benign and malignant. Those with characteristics of malignancy have an unfavorable prognosis due to their biological behavior and diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Epidemiological data are important to profile the affected population and establish an early treatment strategy, optimizing treatment and increasing the chances of cure and quality of life. The objective of this study was to present the clinical epidemiological aspects of dogs treated with neoplasms in the oral cavity at the Oncology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2011 and 2017 through a retrospective study of all the medical records of the respective service. The epidemiological data extracted from the archives showed that out of 2832 cases of neoplasms treated in the oncology sector over a 7-year interval (2011 to 2017), 176 animals (6.21%) were affected by oral cavity neoplasms. The dogs without a defined breed were the most affected, the main site affected was the maxilla and melanoma was the most prevalent neoplasm.(AU)

A cavidade oral figura entre os principais sítios de acometimento por neoplasias, tanto benignas quanto malignas. Aquelas que possuem características de malignidade têm o prognóstico desfavorável pelo seu comportamento biológico e pela dificuldade diagnóstica e terapêutica. Os dados epidemiológicos são importantes para se traçar um perfil da população acometida e estabelecer uma estratégia de tratamento precoce otimizando o tratamento e aumentando as chances de cura e a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os aspectos clínicos epidemiológicos dos cães atendidos com neoplasias na cavidade oral no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2011 e 2017 por meio de um estudo retrospectivo de todos os prontuários do referido serviço. Os dados epidemiológicos extraídos dos arquivos evidenciaram que dos 2832 casos de neoplasias atendidos no setor de oncologia em um intervalo de 7 anos (2011 a 2017), as neoplasias da cavidade oral acometeram 176 animais (6,21%). Os cães sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos, o principal local acometido foi a maxila e o melanoma foi a neoplasia mais prevalente.(AU)

Lung-digit syndrome related to an adenosquamous feline lung carcinoma

Background: The lung-digit syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a primary pulmonar neoplasiamanifesting metastasis to the digit, occurring exclusively in felines. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs, associatedwith radiographic and histopathological exams. There are no therapeutic protocols well-established, and surgical excisionis considered controversial due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. The prognosis is considered poor, with low survivalrates. The aim of this paper is to report a case of lung-digit syndrome attended in Rio de Janeiro.Case: A 12-year-old female cat, no defined race, was attend with the complaint of weight loss and injury in the right thoraciclimb, already having histopathological diagnosis of squamous differentiation adenocarcinoma through biopsy. Physicalexamination showed no other clinical signs at first, including no signs of respiratory disease. Laboratory and imaging examswere performed, and the radiographic examination showed alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma showing a nodulararea of increased radiographic density. Followed up by the manifestation of breathing noise at rest, as the first respiratorysigns. The association of the clinical evaluation, medical history, and histopathological report from the limb lesion, leadto the suspicion diagnostic of lung-digit syndrome. The owners decide for the palliative treatment with chemotherapy, using carboplatin and prednisolone. Only the first session was performed, with the animal being euthanized due to clinicalworsening 48 days after the initial manifestation of clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed...(AU)

Terapia multimodal no tratamento de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo canino / Multimodal therapy in the treatment of cutaneous canine hemangiosarcoma

O hemangiossarcoma é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna de origem endotelial. Quando manifestada em região cutânea, os sinais clínicos estão ligados a variações hemostáticas, como petéquias e hemorragias. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido por exame histopatológico. A conduta cirúrgica é a terapia de escolha, podendo ser necessária a realização de técnicas reconstrutivas a depender da localização da neoplasia. A quimioterapia adjuvante, metronômica ou convencional, pode ser empregada. Um canino, fêmea, sem raça definida, de oito anos de idade, atendido com um nódulo cutâneo em região ventro abdominal. O animal foi submetido a protocolo quimioterápico metronômico, devido à extensão do tumor que impedia a exérese cirúrgica em um primeiro momento. O tratamento levou à citorredução, viabilizando a exérese tumoral, desconsiderando as margens de segurança, em caráter paliativo. Após a cirurgia o protocolo quimioterápico foi retomado e mantido nos dois meses seguintes. O animal permaneceu livre da doença nos seis meses seguintes, realizando revisões periódicas. O presente trabalho relata a abordagem multimodal aplicada em um caso de hemangiossarcoma cutâneo, atingindo qualidade de vida e sobrevida satisfatórias.(AU)

Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial origin. When manifested in the cutaneous region, clinical signs are linked to hemostatic variations, such as petechiae and hemorrhages. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by histopathological examination. Surgical management is the therapy of choice, and reconstructive techniques may be necessary depending on the location of the neoplasia. Adjuvant chemotherapy, either metronomic or conventional, can be used. An eight-year-old female, mixed-breed canine was treated with a cutaneous nodule in the abdominal ventral region. The animal was submitted to a metronomic chemotherapy protocol, due to the extension of the tumor that prevented surgical excision at first. The treatment led to cytoreduction, making the tumor excision feasible, disregarding the safety margins, in a palliative character. After surgery, the chemotherapy protocol was resumed and maintained for the next two months. The animal remained free of the disease for the following six months, undergoing periodic reviews. The present work reports the multimodal approach applied in a case of cutaneous hemangiosarcoma, achieving satisfactory quality of life and survival.(AU)

Topical treatment of external otitis in cats with combination of levofloxacin, miconazole and dexamethasone / Tratamento tópico de otite externa em gatos com a associação de levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation containing levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone in the treatment of external otitis in cats. Eighteen cats showing clinical signs of external otitisin the video otoscopy examination and cerumen cytologywere evaluated. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Group 1 (G1) was the control group; Group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of 0.5% levofloxacin, 2% miconazole, and 0.02% dexamethasone, using distilled water as the vehicle; and Group 3 (G3) was treated with the same combination, using vegetable glycerin as the vehicle. The animals were reassessed weekly; animals in G1 had no improvement of clinical signs of otitis or in the findings in the cerumen cytology. However, animals in G2 and G3 showed improvement of clinical signs, and control of yeasts and/or bacteria in the cytological examination of the ear after seven days of treatment. Based on the results, the formulation containing the combination of levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone was effective in controlling the perpetuating factors of external otitis in cats.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação tópica contento levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona no tratamento da otite externa em gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de otite externa no exame de videotoscopia e na citologia do cerúmen. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada. O grupo 1 foi o grupo controle; grupo 2 foi tratado com a associação de levofloxacina 0,5%, miconazol a 2% e dexametasona 0,02% sendo o veículo água destilada; já o grupo 3 foi medicado com a mesma associação, sendo o veículo glicerina vegetal. Os animais foram reavaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo controle não tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos de otite e nos achados na citologia de cerúmen. No entanto, os animais do grupo 2 e 3 apresentaram melhora dos sinais clínicos e no controle de leveduras e/ou bactérias no exame citológico de ouvido a partir de sete dias de tratamento. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que a formulação contendo a associação levofloxacina + miconazol + dexametasona foi eficaz no controle dos fatores perpetuantes da otite externa em gatos.

Adenocarcinoma pulmonar sólido primário em cão / Primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog

Background: In veterinary medicine, although primary lung tumors are rare compared to metastatic malignant neoplasms,an increase in the number of primary lung tumors in dogs has been reported in the past decades. Consequently, identifyingepidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of these neoplasms is essential for early and precise diagnosis. Thispaper aimed to report a case of a non-metastatic primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog and review the clinical,pathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of this neoplasm.Case: An 8-year-old female Cocker Spaniel was admitted to the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Rural FederalUniversity of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with a history of progressive weight loss and clinical dyspnea. Physical examinationrevealed the following: body temperature, 38.7ºC; capillary refill time, one second; heart rate, 104 beats/min; respiratoryrate, 40 breaths/min; pallor mucosa; blood glucose, 133 mg/dL; and body score, 2 (1-9). A thoracic radiograph revealeda diffuse radiopaque pattern of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleural effusion, and a large mass that extended through bothhemithoraces. An ultrasound-guided cytological examination was performed and displayed moderate cellularity in a bloodybackground. Cells presented distinct cell borders, large bluish cytoplasm, round hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei, andevident nucleoli. Three months after the first clinical consultation, the dog’s state kept deteriorating and the owner optedfor the euthanasia. Autopsy of the lungs showed multiple, poorly defined, coalescent nodules with an average size of20.0×15.0×10.0 cm. The nodules occupied roughly 70% of the pulmonary...

Topical treatment of external otitis in cats with combination of levofloxacin, miconazole and dexamethasone / Tratamento tópico de otite externa em gatos com a associação de levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation containing levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone in the treatment of external otitis in cats. Eighteen cats showing clinical signs of external otitisin the video otoscopy examination and cerumen cytologywere evaluated. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Group 1 (G1) was the control group; Group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of 0.5% levofloxacin, 2% miconazole, and 0.02% dexamethasone, using distilled water as the vehicle; and Group 3 (G3) was treated with the same combination, using vegetable glycerin as the vehicle. The animals were reassessed weekly; animals in G1 had no improvement of clinical signs of otitis or in the findings in the cerumen cytology. However, animals in G2 and G3 showed improvement of clinical signs, and control of yeasts and/or bacteria in the cytological examination of the ear after seven days of treatment. Based on the results, the formulation containing the combination of levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone was effective in controlling the perpetuating factors of external otitis in cats.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação tópica contento levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona no tratamento da otite externa em gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de otite externa no exame de videotoscopia e na citologia do cerúmen. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada. O grupo 1 foi o grupo controle; grupo 2 foi tratado com a associação de levofloxacina 0,5%, miconazol a 2% e dexametasona 0,02% sendo o veículo água destilada; já o grupo 3 foi medicado com a mesma associação, sendo o veículo glicerina vegetal. Os animais foram reavaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo controle não tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos de otite e nos achados na citologia de cerúmen. No entanto, os animais do grupo 2 e 3 apresentaram melhora dos sinais clínicos e no controle de leveduras e/ou bactérias no exame citológico de ouvido a partir de sete dias de tratamento. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que a formulação contendo a associação levofloxacina + miconazol + dexametasona foi eficaz no controle dos fatores perpetuantes da otite externa em gatos.(AU)

Adenocarcinoma pulmonar sólido primário em cão / Primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog

Background: In veterinary medicine, although primary lung tumors are rare compared to metastatic malignant neoplasms,an increase in the number of primary lung tumors in dogs has been reported in the past decades. Consequently, identifyingepidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of these neoplasms is essential for early and precise diagnosis. Thispaper aimed to report a case of a non-metastatic primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog and review the clinical,pathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of this neoplasm.Case: An 8-year-old female Cocker Spaniel was admitted to the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Rural FederalUniversity of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with a history of progressive weight loss and clinical dyspnea. Physical examinationrevealed the following: body temperature, 38.7ºC; capillary refill time, one second; heart rate, 104 beats/min; respiratoryrate, 40 breaths/min; pallor mucosa; blood glucose, 133 mg/dL; and body score, 2 (1-9). A thoracic radiograph revealeda diffuse radiopaque pattern of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleural effusion, and a large mass that extended through bothhemithoraces. An ultrasound-guided cytological examination was performed and displayed moderate cellularity in a bloodybackground. Cells presented distinct cell borders, large bluish cytoplasm, round hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei, andevident nucleoli. Three months after the first clinical consultation, the dogs state kept deteriorating and the owner optedfor the euthanasia. Autopsy of the lungs showed multiple, poorly defined, coalescent nodules with an average size of20.0×15.0×10.0 cm. The nodules occupied roughly 70% of the pulmonary...(AU)

Efficacy of afoxolaner in the flea control in experimentally infested cats / Eficácia do afoxolaner no controle de pulgas em gatos experimentalmente infestados

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma dose única de afoxolaner oral no controle de pulgas em gatos. Foram utilizados 14 gatos. Os animais foram identificados, alojados individualmente, infestados artificialmente com C. felis felis e tratados (ou não) com afoxolaner. Foram divididos em um grupo de tratamento e um grupo controle (n = 7/ grupo), com base na contagem de pulgas, horas após a infestação aplicada no dia (alocação de um por um após o período por contagem). No início do protocolo experimental (dia 0), o grupo tratado recebeu afoxolaner em dose inicial de 2,5 mg / kg e os animais do grupo controle receberam um placebo. Todos os animais foram infestados com 100 pulgas C. felis felis dois dias antes do dia 0, assim como nos dias 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 e 63, sendo avaliadas as cargas parasitárias às 48 h após cada infestação. A eficácia do afoxolaner foi de 100% no dia 2 e permaneceu acima de 98% até o dia 42, diminuindo para 95,3% no dia 63. Os resultados confirmam que uma dose única de afoxolaner oral foi eficaz no controle de C. felis felis em gatos, e não houve eventos adversos observados.(AU)

Metastatic peripheral neuroblastoma in a dog

Background: Peripheral neuroblast neoplasms are considered as a group of tumors derived from primitive cells of the neuralcrest that are progenitors of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Reports of neuroblastoma in dogs are scarcein English literature, and there are no reports from Brazil due to its rare occurrence or missed diagnosis, because moderntechniques are often not accessible in Brazil. The aim of the present study was reported a case of metastatic peripheralneuroblastoma in a 10-month-old bitch of Canadian Shepherd breed.Case: A 10-month-old female dog, Canadian Shepherd breed, presenting prostration, inappetence, emesis, progressiveweight loss, and difficulties in the locomotion of the pelvic limbs was brought to the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital ofthe Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (HVPA / UFRRJ) for treatment. Palpation of the abdominal cavity revealeda mass of approximately 14.0-cm diameter in the thoracolumbar region. After the second visit to HVPA/ UFRRJ, therewas worsening of the clinical condition and onset of pain and dyspnea; hence, euthanasia was performed. The dog wasreferred for necropsy; the examination revealed a mass measuring 40.0 × 35.0 cm in the abdominal cavity that causeddisplacement of the intestines and compressed the liver against the diaphragm, as well as another mass that traversed thediaphragm through the esophageal hiatus and surrounded the esophagus, aorta, and caudal vena cava. The right adrenalgland was compressed and adhered to the mass, and the left adrenal gland was not visualized. Specimens of variousorgans were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed according to routine histological technique. Immunohistochemical examination performed on mass specimens revealed positivity for the...

Metastatic peripheral neuroblastoma in a dog

Background: Peripheral neuroblast neoplasms are considered as a group of tumors derived from primitive cells of the neuralcrest that are progenitors of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Reports of neuroblastoma in dogs are scarcein English literature, and there are no reports from Brazil due to its rare occurrence or missed diagnosis, because moderntechniques are often not accessible in Brazil. The aim of the present study was reported a case of metastatic peripheralneuroblastoma in a 10-month-old bitch of Canadian Shepherd breed.Case: A 10-month-old female dog, Canadian Shepherd breed, presenting prostration, inappetence, emesis, progressiveweight loss, and difficulties in the locomotion of the pelvic limbs was brought to the Small Animal Veterinary Hospital ofthe Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (HVPA / UFRRJ) for treatment. Palpation of the abdominal cavity revealeda mass of approximately 14.0-cm diameter in the thoracolumbar region. After the second visit to HVPA/ UFRRJ, therewas worsening of the clinical condition and onset of pain and dyspnea; hence, euthanasia was performed. The dog wasreferred for necropsy; the examination revealed a mass measuring 40.0 × 35.0 cm in the abdominal cavity that causeddisplacement of the intestines and compressed the liver against the diaphragm, as well as another mass that traversed thediaphragm through the esophageal hiatus and surrounded the esophagus, aorta, and caudal vena cava. The right adrenalgland was compressed and adhered to the mass, and the left adrenal gland was not visualized. Specimens of variousorgans were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed according to routine histological technique. Immunohistochemical examination performed on mass specimens revealed positivity for the...(AU)