Metastatic vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a mare

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common cutaneous neoplasm in horses, which mainly affects the external genitalia, oral cavity, and periocular region. The development of SCC metastases is rare in these animals, and the most common occurrence is a marked local infiltration. Exposure to ultraviolet rays and skin depigmentation are the main etiological factors of SCC. Definitive diagnosis of the neoplasm is performed through histological examination of lesions. The present report describes the clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) aspects of a case of metastatic SCC, with the vulva as the primary site in a mare. Case: A 17-year-old mare, mixed breed, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), with history of areas of depigmented skin (pinto coat), and clinical history of anorexia, frequent episodes of colic, and recumbency. During clinical evaluation, heart rate (68 bpm), rectal temperature (38.4ºC), and respiratory rate (48 mpm) were elevated, and the oral mucosa was pale. The mare also had an ulcerated tumor mass involving the vulva, which extended to the inguinal region and involved the mammary gland. A cytological aspirate of the vulvar tumor was performed, in which no neoplastic cells were found. Next, a biopsy of 2 distinct areas of the vulva was performed. The material was sent for anatomopathological examination, which showed markedly pleomorphic malignant squamous cells, with individual keratinization and high mitotic index, organized in trabeculae with rare keratin pearl-like formations. The exam allowed the diagnosis of SCC Grade II. Due to the poor prognosis and high cost of treatment, the owner consented to euthanasia and necropsy examination. During necropsy, the vulvar tumor mass was grayish, firm to hard, infiltrative, and had friable areas. Tumor foci suggestive of metastasis were also observed in inguinal, mesenteric, mediastinal and renal lymph nodes, adrenal glands, lung, pericardium, medullary canal, intercostal muscles, right 15th rib, and tissue surrounding the azygos vein. Samples from all organs were collected for anatomopathological examination. Diagnosis of metastatic vulvar SCC was confirmed through histological and IHC studies, which evaluated the expression of cytokeratins (AE1/ AE3), as well as the proliferative activity of neoplastic cells through the PCNA marker. Discussion: The diagnosis of metastatic SCC was obtained through the observed clinical, necroscopic, histological, and IHC characteristics. This neoplasm usually appears in depigmented regions exposed to ultraviolet light, and older animals are more likely to be affected. The mare in the present case had areas of depigmented skin (pinto coat). The animal was kept in a paddock outdoor and exposed to constant solar radiation. Although rare in horses, manifestation of anorexia, progressive weight loss, and frequent colic episodes and recumbency may be closely related to the multiple sites of metastasis in the present case. The main histological findings of the neoplasm were the dense proliferation of malignant squamous cells with individual keratinization, arranged in a trabecular pattern and with rare formations of keratin pearls, in line with previous studies. During IHC evaluation, the neoplastic cells showed expression of cytokeratins (AE1/AE3), as well as high proliferative activity evidenced by the PCNA marker. Given this background, the present report describes the clinical, anatomopathological, and IHC aspects of a case of metastatic SCC with a primary site in the vulva of a mare.

Esporotricose felina: um relato de caso de disseminação cutânea e sistêmica em gato negativo para FIV e FeLV / Feline sporotrichosis: a case report of cutaneous and systemic dissemination in cat negative for FIV and FeLV

A esporotricose é uma zoonose causada por fungos do gênero Sporothrix. Os gatos doentes têm importante potencial zoonótico e frequentemente revelam uma apresentação disseminada da doença. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever as características clínicas e anatomopatológicas de um caso de esporotricose felina refratária ao tratamento com apresentação clínica cutânea disseminada e sistêmica. Um felino macho de 3 anos de idade foi tratado para esporotricose com itraconazol e obteve resolução completa das lesões cutâneas. Porém, um ano após alta clínica, o animal apresentou aumento e ulceração da região nasal. Após cultura fúngica positiva para Sporothrix spp foi instituído tratamento com itraconazol 100mg associado ao iodeto de potássio 20mg por via oral diariamente e transcorrido 3 meses de tratamento, foi observada piora progressiva do sinais clínicos com disseminação de lesões para outras regiões do corpo. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia e encaminhado para necrópsia no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Amostras da língua, pulmão, fígado, baço, rim, cérebro, linfonodo e pele foram coletadas para evidência de disseminação do agente fúngico e avaliação de alterações microscópicas. A coloração de metenamina de prata de Grocott foi utilizada para facilitar a visualização de leveduras sugestivas de Sporothrix spp nos cortes histológicos. Leveduras foram visualizadas em amostras de pele, língua, linfonodo, rim, fígado, baço e cérebro. No presente relato a disseminação do Sporothrixspp para diversos órgãos sinaliza a necessidade de uma minuciosa investigação dos casos graves de esporotricose felina para o tratamento adequado.

Sporotrichosis is a zoonosis caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Sick cats have an significant zoonotic potential and often show a widespread presentation of the disease. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical and anatomopathological characteristics of a case of feline sporotrichosis refractory to treatment with disseminated and systemic cutaneous clinical presentation. A 3-year-old male feline was treated for sporotrichosis with itraconazole and achieved complete resolution of the skin lesions. However, one year after clinical discharge, the animal presented an increase and ulceration of the nasal region. After a positive fungal culture for Sporothrix spp, treatment with itraconazole 100mg associated with potassium iodide 20mg was instituted orally daily and after 3 months of treatment, a progressive worsening of the symptoms was observed with the spread of lesions to other regions of the body. The animal was euthanized and sent for necropsy at the Pathological Anatomy Service of the Veterinary Faculty of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Samples of the tongue, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lymph node, and skin were collected for evidence of spread of the fungal agent and evaluation of microscopic changes. Grocott silver methenamine staining was used to facilitate the visualization of yeasts suggestive of Sporothrix spp in histological sections. Yeasts were visualized in samples of skin, tongue, lymph node, kidney, liver, spleen, and brain. In the present report, the spread of Sporothrix spp to different organs signals the need for a thorough investigation of severe cases of feline sporotrichosis for the proper treatment.

Esporotricose felina: um relato de caso de disseminação cutânea e sistêmica em gato negativo para FIV e FeLV / Feline sporotrichosis: a case report of cutaneous and systemic dissemination in cat negative for FIV and FeLV

A esporotricose é uma zoonose causada por fungos do gênero Sporothrix. Os gatos doentes têm importante potencial zoonótico e frequentemente revelam uma apresentação disseminada da doença. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever as características clínicas e anatomopatológicas de um caso de esporotricose felina refratária ao tratamento com apresentação clínica cutânea disseminada e sistêmica. Um felino macho de 3 anos de idade foi tratado para esporotricose com itraconazol e obteve resolução completa das lesões cutâneas. Porém, um ano após alta clínica, o animal apresentou aumento e ulceração da região nasal. Após cultura fúngica positiva para Sporothrix spp foi instituído tratamento com itraconazol 100mg associado ao iodeto de potássio 20mg por via oral diariamente e transcorrido 3 meses de tratamento, foi observada piora progressiva do sinais clínicos com disseminação de lesões para outras regiões do corpo. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia e encaminhado para necrópsia no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Amostras da língua, pulmão, fígado, baço, rim, cérebro, linfonodo e pele foram coletadas para evidência de disseminação do agente fúngico e avaliação de alterações microscópicas. A coloração de metenamina de prata de Grocott foi utilizada para facilitar a visualização de leveduras sugestivas de Sporothrix spp(AU)

Sporotrichosis is a zoonosis caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Sick cats have an significant zoonotic potential and often show a widespread presentation of the disease. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical and anatomopathological characteristics of a case of feline sporotrichosis refractory to treatment with disseminated and systemic cutaneous clinical presentation. A 3-year-old male feline was treated for sporotrichosis with itraconazole and achieved complete resolution of the skin lesions. However, one year after clinical discharge, the animal presented an increase and ulceration of the nasal region. After a positive fungal culture for Sporothrix spp, treatment with itraconazole 100mg associated with potassium iodide 20mg was instituted orally daily and after 3 months of treatment, a progressive worsening of the symptoms was observed with the spread of lesions to other regions of the body. The animal was euthanized and sent for necropsy at the Pathological Anatomy Service of the Veterinary Faculty of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Samples of the tongue, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lymph node, and skin were collected for evidence of spread of the fungal agent and evaluation of microscopic changes. Grocott silver methenamine staining was used to facilitate the visualization of yeasts suggestive of Sporothrix spp in histological sections. Yeasts were visualized in samples of skin, tongue, lymph node, kidney, liver, spleen, and brain. In the present report, the spread of Sporothrix spp to different organs signals the need for a thorough investigation of severe cases of feline sporotrichosis for the proper treatment.(AU)

Esporotricose felina: um relato de caso de disseminação cutânea e sistêmica em gato negativo para FIV e FeLV / Feline sporotrichosis: a case report of cutaneous and systemic dissemination in cat negative for FIV and FeLV

A esporotricose é uma zoonose causada por fungos do gênero Sporothrix. Os gatos doentes têm importante potencial zoonótico e frequentemente revelam uma apresentação disseminada da doença. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever as características clínicas e anatomopatológicas de um caso de esporotricose felina refratária ao tratamento com apresentação clínica cutânea disseminada e sistêmica. Um felino macho de 3 anos de idade foi tratado para esporotricose com itraconazol e obteve resolução completa das lesões cutâneas. Porém, um ano após alta clínica, o animal apresentou aumento e ulceração da região nasal. Após cultura fúngica positiva para Sporothrix spp foi instituído tratamento com itraconazol 100mg associado ao iodeto de potássio 20mg por via oral diariamente e transcorrido 3 meses de tratamento, foi observada piora progressiva do sinais clínicos com disseminação de lesões para outras regiões do corpo. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia e encaminhado para necrópsia no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Amostras da língua, pulmão, fígado, baço, rim, cérebro, linfonodo e pele foram coletadas para evidência de disseminação do agente fúngico e avaliação de alterações microscópicas. A coloração de metenamina de prata de Grocott foi utilizada para facilitar a visualização de leveduras sugestivas de Sporothrix spp

Sporotrichosis is a zoonosis caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Sick cats have an significant zoonotic potential and often show a widespread presentation of the disease. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical and anatomopathological characteristics of a case of feline sporotrichosis refractory to treatment with disseminated and systemic cutaneous clinical presentation. A 3-year-old male feline was treated for sporotrichosis with itraconazole and achieved complete resolution of the skin lesions. However, one year after clinical discharge, the animal presented an increase and ulceration of the nasal region. After a positive fungal culture for Sporothrix spp, treatment with itraconazole 100mg associated with potassium iodide 20mg was instituted orally daily and after 3 months of treatment, a progressive worsening of the symptoms was observed with the spread of lesions to other regions of the body. The animal was euthanized and sent for necropsy at the Pathological Anatomy Service of the Veterinary Faculty of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Samples of the tongue, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lymph node, and skin were collected for evidence of spread of the fungal agent and evaluation of microscopic changes. Grocott silver methenamine staining was used to facilitate the visualization of yeasts suggestive of Sporothrix spp in histological sections. Yeasts were visualized in samples of skin, tongue, lymph node, kidney, liver, spleen, and brain. In the present report, the spread of Sporothrix spp to different organs signals the need for a thorough investigation of severe cases of feline sporotrichosis for the proper treatment.

Histopathological study of canine sebaceous tumors and their association with PCNA expression by immunohistochemistry / Estudo histopatológico de tumores sebáceos caninos e sua associação com a expressão de PCNA por imuno-histoquímica

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs. These tumors include both benign and malignant lesions. Immunohistochemical evaluation of these tumors can aggregate information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. Focusing on this matter, sixty-one samples including normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, with no predilection for sex, from the archive of Veterinary Pathology Service of Federal Fluminense University, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. The samples underwent to histological processing, routine staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the distribution of anti-PCNA labelling in different groups of variables. In case there were more than two groups, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. The most affected breeds were Caniches and Cocker Spaniels, as well as mixed breed animals. There was immunostaining of PCNA in both benign and malignant tumors, as well as in hyperplasic lesions with varying intensity. Most of the tumors were neoplasms which represented 67.27% of the total sample; within these, 75.00% were benign. The most frequent neoplasm was sebaceous adenoma (37.74%). Results indicated no statistical difference in the distribution of anti-PCNA labelling between the groups of sex, age, reproductive status, localization, size of tumor, and histopathological diagnosis. Although there are not many studies analyzing anti-PCNA labelling in sebaceous tumors, several of them pointed out to the predictive value in other neoplasms. With this matter in mind, we intended to evaluate the expression of anti-PCNA in canine sebaceous tumor and a possible association with the malignancy of the lesions.

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.

Histopathological study of canine sebaceous tumors and their association with PCNA expression by immunohistochemistry / Estudo histopatológico de tumores sebáceos caninos e sua associação com a expressão de PCNA por imuno-histoquímica

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs and include benign and malignant lesions. The increase in immunohistochemical evaluation of sebaceous tumors aggregates information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCNA immunohistochemical expression of  sebaceous tumors in dogs. Sixty-one samples include normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, no gender predilection, sent to the Veterinary Pathology Service of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. Samples passed through histological processing, routine staining and immunostaining from PCNA. Descriptive statistical analysis, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Fishers exact test were performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. There was no sexual predilection. Breeds more frequently affected were: Poodles, mixed-breed dogs and Cocker Spaniels. Most of the tumors were neoplasms (67.27%), and 75.67% of those were benign. Sebaceous adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm (56.75%). PCNA immunoexpression was present in hyperplasia, benign and malignant tumors. No previous studies were found using PCNA antibody in sebaceous tumors of dogs. Thus, more studies are needed to provide greater clarity regarding the role of these markers on normal skin and sebaceous tumors of dogs, as well as their use as prognos(AU)

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.(AU)

Histopathological study of canine sebaceous tumors and their association with PCNA expression by immunohistochemistry / Estudo histopatológico de tumores sebáceos caninos e sua associação com a expressão de PCNA por imuno-histoquímica

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs and include benign and malignant lesions. The increase in immunohistochemical evaluation of sebaceous tumors aggregates information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCNA immunohistochemical expression of  sebaceous tumors in dogs. Sixty-one samples include normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, no gender predilection, sent to the Veterinary Pathology Service of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. Samples passed through histological processing, routine staining and immunostaining from PCNA. Descriptive statistical analysis, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Fishers exact test were performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. There was no sexual predilection. Breeds more frequently affected were: Poodles, mixed-breed dogs and Cocker Spaniels. Most of the tumors were neoplasms (67.27%), and 75.67% of those were benign. Sebaceous adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm (56.75%). PCNA immunoexpression was present in hyperplasia, benign and malignant tumors. No previous studies were found using PCNA antibody in sebaceous tumors of dogs. Thus, more studies are needed to provide greater clarity regarding the role of these markers on normal skin and sebaceous tumors of dogs, as well as their use as prognos

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.

The sensitivity of Demodex canis (Acari: Demodicidae) to the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia an in vitro study / A sensibilidade do Demodex canis (Acari: Demodicidae) ao óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia um estudo in vitro

The essential oil of the Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) (tea tree oil) has been effective in previous studies, in the treatment of infestation by Demodex mites in humans. The present study aimed at evaluating the in vitro acaricidal effect of this herbal medicine on Demodex canis. For the parasitological examination, samples were collected from a dogs skin and examined using optical microscopy. Only samples with intact mites and with evident movement of chelicerae and tarsi were selected. Twenty-one samples were tested with the oil, in seven different concentrations: 100%; 50%; 25%; 12.5%; 6.25%; 5.0% and 3.13%. Three samples were tested with the positive control amitraz, and three with the negative control neutral shampoo. The interval between the time the solution was added and the moment the movement of the last mite ceased defined the survival time in the sample. By comparing the times at different concentrations and controls, the results showed that the higher the concentration of the oil, the more quickly its lethal effect occurred, and that the survival times in the controls were longer than in the different concentrations of melaleuca oil.(AU)

O óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) (óleo da árvore do chá) foi eficaz em estudos anteriores, no tratamento da infestação por ácaros Demodex em humanos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o tempo do efeito acaricida, in vitro, desse fitoterápico sobre Demodex canis. Para o exame parasitológico, amostras foram coletadas da pele de um cão e examinadas por microscopia óptica. Apenas amostras com ácaros íntegros e com evidente movimentação de quelíceras e tarsos foram selecionadas. Vinte e uma amostras foram direcionadas para teste com o óleo, em sete concentrações diferentes: 100%; 50%; 25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; 5,0% e 3,13%. Três amostras foram testadas com o controle positivo, amitraz, e três com o controle negativo, xampu neutro. O intervalo entre o momento em que a solução foi adicionada e o instante em que cessou o movimento do último ácaro definiu o tempo de sobrevivência na amostra. Os tempos nas diferentes concentrações e nos controles foram comparados. Quanto mais alta a concentração do óleo, mais rapidamente ocorreu seu efeito letal. Os tempos de sobrevivência nos controles foram maiores que nas diferentes concentrações do óleo de melaleuca.(AU)

Muscle regeneration through therapy with estromal stem cells in injury of infraespinhosus muscle of sheep

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of rotator cuff muscle regeneration in sheep and establish an experimental model for the use of autologous stem cells as a treatment option for tendon injuries. Methods: Infrared muscle tenotomies and Penrose drain implantation were performed on 12 shoulders of six clinically healthy adult sheep. After 60 days, the tendons were submitted to tissue repair, drainage removal, and divided into two groups according to the use of autologous stromal stem cells for treatment. Muscle regeneration was performed by biopsy on days 14 and 34 after repair. Results: The treatment group with cell therapy showed neovascularization and expressive regeneration. Complete regeneration of the muscle pattern did not occur in any sample although some muscle gain was obtained in the group 1 samples at 34 days after repair and introduction of stem cells. Fatty infiltration of these samples from group 1 at 34 days was less intense than that in samples from group 2 at 34 days after repair without the introduction of autologous precursor cells. Conclusion: The sheep proved to be a good experimental model to assist in the development of research on muscle regeneration and the autologous manipulation of stem cells as a therapeutic option.(AU)

Evaluación histopatológica de los ganglios linfáticos axilar y superficie inguinal en perras (Canis familiaris) debajo mastectomía terapéutica / Histopathological evaluation of axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in bitches (Canis familiaris) underwent to therapy mastectomy / Avaliação histopatológica dos linfonodos axilares e inguinais superficiais em cadelas (Canis familiaris) submetidas à mastectomia terapêutica

Los tumores mamarios son las neoplasias más comunes en perros, que constituyen alrededor del 50% de las neoplasias de la especie canina. Los tumores de mama malignos pueden establecer metástasis a los ganglios linfáticos regionales y se extendió a otros sitios. La reactividad de los ganglios linfáticos en los alrededores del tumor es un factor relacionado con el pronóstico del cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de los cambios histopatológicos de lesiones de mama en perros, especialmente la metástasis de los tumores malignos de mama en los ganglios linfáticos axilares e inguinales superficiales sin cambios macroscópicos. La retirada del ganglio linfático inguinal se llevó a cabo junto con la glándula inguinal debido a la íntima asociación de estas dos estructuras. Para la localización y la escisión de la linfa axilar aplicado colorante azul de metileno 2% alrededor de la mama torácica craneal a la lesión. La biopsia excisional de ganglios centinela, axilar y inguinal superficial, durante la mastectomía y posterior análisis histopatológico de los ganglios linfáticos y cadena mamaria permitió el diagnóstico del tipo de tumor primario, el grado de reactividad linfoide y la identificación de metástasis linfática. [...](AU)

Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms in dogs, corresponding to 50% of neoplasms of the canine specie. Malignant breast tumors may metastasize to regional lymph nodes and spread to other sites. The reactivity of lymph nodes in the tumor surroundings is a factor related to the prognosis of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of histopathological changes in dogs with breast lesions, especially metastasis of malignant breast tumors in axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes without macroscopic changes. The removal of the inguinal lymph node was held together with the inguinal gland due to the intimate association of these two structures. For localization and excision of axillary lymph node was necessary to inject the dye methylene blue 2% around the ipsilateral cranial breast to chest injury. The excisional biopsy of sentinel nodes, axillary and superficial inguinal, during mastectomy and subsequent histopathological analysis of the mammary chain and lymph nodes allowed the diagnosis of the type of primary tumor, the degree of lymphoid reactivity and lymphatic metastasis. [...](AU)

Os tumores mamários são as neoplasias mais comuns em cadelas, constituindo cerca de 50% do total de neoplasias da espécie canina. Neoplasias mamárias malignas podem estabelecer metástases para os linfonodos regionais e se disseminarem para outros sítios. A reatividade de linfonodos nas adjacências do tumor é um fator relacionado ao prognóstico da neoplasia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de alterações histopatológicas das lesões mamárias em cadelas, principalmente metástase de neoplasias mamárias malignas, nos linfonodos axilar e inguinal superficial sem alterações macroscópicas. A remoção do linfonodo inguinal foi realizada juntamente com a da glândula inguinal devido à íntima associação dessas duas estruturas. Já para a localização e exérese do linfonodo axilar, preconizou-se a ejeção do corante azul de metileno a 2% ao redor da mama torácica cranial ipsilateral à lesão. A biópsia excisional dos linfonodos sentinela, axilar e inguinal superficial, no mesmo tempo cirúrgico da mastectomia e a posterior análise histopatológica da cadeia mamária e dos linfonodos permitiu o diagnóstico do tipo de neoplasia primária, do grau de reatividade linfoide e da metástase linfática. [...](AU)

Evaluación histopatológica de los ganglios linfáticos axilar y superficie inguinal en perras (Canis familiaris) debajo mastectomía terapéutica / Histopathological evaluation of axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes in bitches (Canis familiaris) underwent to therapy mastectomy / Avaliação histopatológica dos linfonodos axilares e inguinais superficiais em cadelas (Canis familiaris) submetidas à mastectomia terapêutica

Los tumores mamarios son las neoplasias más comunes en perros, que constituyen alrededor del 50% de las neoplasias de la especie canina. Los tumores de mama malignos pueden establecer metástasis a los ganglios linfáticos regionales y se extendió a otros sitios. La reactividad de los ganglios linfáticos en los alrededores del tumor es un factor relacionado con el pronóstico del cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de los cambios histopatológicos de lesiones de mama en perros, especialmente la metástasis de los tumores malignos de mama en los ganglios linfáticos axilares e inguinales superficiales sin cambios macroscópicos. La retirada del ganglio linfático inguinal se llevó a cabo junto con la glándula inguinal debido a la íntima asociación de estas dos estructuras. Para la localización y la escisión de la linfa axilar aplicado colorante azul de metileno 2% alrededor de la mama torácica craneal a la lesión. La biopsia excisional de ganglios centinela, axilar y inguinal superficial, durante la mastectomía y posterior análisis histopatológico de los ganglios linfáticos y cadena mamaria permitió el diagnóstico del tipo de tumor primario, el grado de reactividad linfoide y la identificación de metástasis linfática. [...]

Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms in dogs, corresponding to 50% of neoplasms of the canine specie. Malignant breast tumors may metastasize to regional lymph nodes and spread to other sites. The reactivity of lymph nodes in the tumor surroundings is a factor related to the prognosis of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of histopathological changes in dogs with breast lesions, especially metastasis of malignant breast tumors in axillary and superficial inguinal lymph nodes without macroscopic changes. The removal of the inguinal lymph node was held together with the inguinal gland due to the intimate association of these two structures. For localization and excision of axillary lymph node was necessary to inject the dye methylene blue 2% around the ipsilateral cranial breast to chest injury. The excisional biopsy of sentinel nodes, axillary and superficial inguinal, during mastectomy and subsequent histopathological analysis of the mammary chain and lymph nodes allowed the diagnosis of the type of primary tumor, the degree of lymphoid reactivity and lymphatic metastasis. [...]

Os tumores mamários são as neoplasias mais comuns em cadelas, constituindo cerca de 50% do total de neoplasias da espécie canina. Neoplasias mamárias malignas podem estabelecer metástases para os linfonodos regionais e se disseminarem para outros sítios. A reatividade de linfonodos nas adjacências do tumor é um fator relacionado ao prognóstico da neoplasia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de alterações histopatológicas das lesões mamárias em cadelas, principalmente metástase de neoplasias mamárias malignas, nos linfonodos axilar e inguinal superficial sem alterações macroscópicas. A remoção do linfonodo inguinal foi realizada juntamente com a da glândula inguinal devido à íntima associação dessas duas estruturas. Já para a localização e exérese do linfonodo axilar, preconizou-se a ejeção do corante azul de metileno a 2% ao redor da mama torácica cranial ipsilateral à lesão. A biópsia excisional dos linfonodos sentinela, axilar e inguinal superficial, no mesmo tempo cirúrgico da mastectomia e a posterior análise histopatológica da cadeia mamária e dos linfonodos permitiu o diagnóstico do tipo de neoplasia primária, do grau de reatividade linfoide e da metástase linfática. [...]

Clinicopathological evaluation of mammary lesions in dogs treated at the Hospital of Veterinary Medicine Teacher Firmino Marsico Filho (HUVET) - University of Federal Fluminense (UFF)

The aim of this study was to characterize epidemiological and pathological data related to the clinical evaluation of mammary lesions in dogs treated at Hospital of Veterinary Medicine Teacher Firmino Marsico Filho (HUVET) - University of Federal Fluminense (UFF) in Niterói Rio de Janeiro.[...]

Clinicopathological evaluation of mammary lesions in dogs treated at the Hospital of Veterinary Medicine Teacher Firmino Marsico Filho (HUVET) - University of Federal Fluminense (UFF)

The aim of this study was to characterize epidemiological and pathological data related to the clinical evaluation of mammary lesions in dogs treated at Hospital of Veterinary Medicine Teacher Firmino Marsico Filho (HUVET) - University of Federal Fluminense (UFF) in Niterói Rio de Janeiro.[...](AU)

Gastroduodenal lesions in racehorses: evaluation and mapping according to the Updated Sidney System and Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome Council Classification

Gastroduodenal ulceration is found in 90% of Thoroughbred race horses. The clinical and economical importance of gastric ulcers and the scarce information about the subject in Brazil make this investigation essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate and map grossly and microscopically the gastroduodenal lesions in race horses according to the Updated Sidney System and the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome Council (EGUSC) Classification. Necropsy was performed in 14 horses and macroscopy was described. Samples of the gastric regions (14 animals - nonglandular fundus, glandular fundus, margo plicatus, antrum and pylorus) and duodenum (9 animals) were obtained and processed for routine histopathology. Macroscopic evaluation of the lesions based on the Updated Sidney System showed that 100% of the horses had gastric ulcers or erosions, mainly located at the margo plicatus. The Updated Sidney System also allowed a macroscopic gastritis classification and revealed that seven horses had enanthematous gastritis (50%), four had hemorrhagic gastritis (28, 6%), and three had erosive gastritis (21, 4%). Based on the EGUSC Classification, the most frequent score is 2 (50%). The score 3 was found in 35,7% of the horses and the scores 1 and 4 in 7,1% each. The score 0 which means intact epithelium, was not seen in any of the horses. Histopathological evaluation based on the Updated Sidney System revealed mild to severe lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, sometimes with areas of neutrophilic infiltrate, demonstrating some activity mainly in the injured mucosa. Lymphoid follicles were found in 92.9% of the animals. This study confirms that gastric ulceration in Brazilian race horses is common, and the majority consists of chronic ulceration of the margo plicatus. The use of the histopathological division of the Updated Sidney System demonstrated that chronic gastritis was predominant and the majority of cells in the inflammatory infiltrate were lymphocytes and plasmocytes. This study also showed that the association of the Updated Sidney System and the EGUSC Classification is feasible and leads to a better understanding of equine gastroduodenal ulceration. Although usually neglected, these lesions may be involved in low performance rates and therefore other investigations are necessary for the elucidation of the etiology and pathogenesis of these ulcers.(AU)

Leukocyte infiltration and anti-myeloperoxidase immunoreactivity in granulocytes of the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine of horses submitted to dietetic starch overload / Infiltração de leucócitos e imunorreatividade antimieloperoxidase em granulócitos da mucosa e submucosa do intestino grosso de equinos submetidos à sobrecarga dietética com amido

This study was carried out to evaluate leukocyte infiltration and anti-myeloperoxidase immunoreactivity in granulocytesof the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine of horses submitted to dietetic starch overload. Eight adult horseswere allocated randomly in three treatments: Treatment I (Control) (n = 2), animals euthanized without starch overload;and Treatments II (n = 3) and III (n = 3), animals undergoing starch overload, with gastric infusion of 17.6 g starch perkg of body weight, euthanized after 24 and 36 hours, respectively. Only afflux of neutrophils in the intestinal mucosa andsubmucosa blood vessels (leukocyte stasis) was observed. Eosinophils were the predominant cells in the mucosa andsubmucosa in all horses, independent of dietetic overload, with infiltration grade from mild to moderate. Lymphocyteinfiltration was also observed in all horses, but with lower intensity when compared to eosinophils. Congestion, edemaand dilatation of lymphatic vessels were the main circulatory alterations observed, with more intensity in the submucosa.Higher immunoreactivity to the anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies was observed in the mucosa and submucosa of horses36 hours after overload. Horses submitted to dietetic starch overload showed intestinal inflammatory response withprevalence of eosinophils, leukocyte stasis and circulatory alterations, varying from discreet to moderate.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a infiltração de leucócitos e a imunorreatividade antimieloperoxidase emgranulócitos da mucosa e submucosa do intestino grosso de equinos submetidos à sobrecarga dietética com amido.Oito equinos adultos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: Tratamento I (Controle) (n = 2), equinoseutanasiados sem sobrecarga com amido; Tratamento II (n = 3) e III (n = 3), equinos submetidos à sobrecarga comamido, com infusão gástrica de 17,6 g de amido/kg de peso vivo e eutanasiados após 24 e 36 horas, respectivamente.Observou-se apenas afluxo de neutrófilos (leucocitoestase) nos vasos sanguíneos da mucosa e submucosa intestinal.Eosinófilos foram as células predominantes na mucosa e submucosa em todos os equinos, independente da sobrecargadietética, com grau de infiltração de leve a moderada. Infiltração por linfócitos também foi observado em todos osequinos, porém com menor intensidade quando comparado aos eosinófilos. Congestão, edema e dilatação de vasoslinfáticos foram as principais alterações circulatórias observadas, com maior intensidade na submucosa. Maiorimunorreatividade para anticorpos antimieloperoxidase foi observado na mucosa e submucosa dos equinos 36 horasapós a sobrecarga. Equinos submetidos à sobrecarga dietética com amido apresentam resposta inflamatória intestinalcom predominância de eosinófilos, leucocitoestase e alterações circulatórias variando de discreta a moderada.(AU)

Adenoma de hipófise em uma gata com hiperadrenocorticismo / Pituitary adenoma in a cat with hyperadrenocorticism

Feline Cushing’s syndrome (FCS) is a disorder of excessive cortisol secretion by the adrenal glands and is rare in cats. The most frequently observed clinical signs are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia which are also consistent with diabetes mellitus. These diabetic cats are often insulin resistants. The dexamethasone suppression test is considered the test of choice for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. The majority of cats with naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome have pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and it is caused by functional microadenoma or macroadenoma pituitary. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in diagnosis of pituitary tumors. Treatments of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism include surgery of the pituitary or adrenals, radiation of the pituitary, and medical therapies. Bilateral adrenalectomy continues to represent the best long-term therapeutic strategy until hypophysectomy becomes more widely available. This paper reports a cat with macroadenoma pituitary causing hiperadrenocorticism and insulin resistance.

Adenoma de hipófise em uma gata com hiperadrenocorticismo / Pituitary adenoma in a cat with hyperadrenocorticism

Feline Cushings syndrome (FCS) is a disorder of excessive cortisol secretion by the adrenal glands and is rare in cats. The most frequently observed clinical signs are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia which are also consistent with diabetes mellitus. These diabetic cats are often insulin resistants. The dexamethasone suppression test is considered the test of choice for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. The majority of cats with naturally occurring Cushings syndrome have pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and it is caused by functional microadenoma or macroadenoma pituitary. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in diagnosis of pituitary tumors. Treatments of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism include surgery of the pituitary or adrenals, radiation of the pituitary, and medical therapies. Bilateral adrenalectomy continues to represent the best long-term therapeutic strategy until hypophysectomy becomes more widely available. This paper reports a cat with macroadenoma pituitary causing hiperadrenocorticism and insulin resistance.(AU)