Infusão contínua de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Continuous infusion of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine for female dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy / Infusión continua de dos dosis de fentanila asociada a lidocaína y ketamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Foram utilizados 18 animais distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Os animais do grupo A (GA) receberam pela via intravenosa um bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg e os do grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos associados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg e cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Imediatamente após o bolus realizou-se a indução com propofol seguido do início da infusão contínua (IC) de fentanil na dose de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para o GA e 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos associados a 3 e 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína e cetamina. A anestesia foi mantida com sevoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% a 1,5V% por meio de vaporizador calibrado que foi ajustado para a manutenção do plano anestésico cirúrgico. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e permaneceram sob ventilação espontânea. Foram avaliados os valores basais (T0), após indução (T1) e 5 (T5), 20 (T20) e 35 (T35) minutos de IC dos seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) e o sevoflurano expirado (EtSevo). A análise estatística foi realizada através da análise de variância seguida do teste de Scott-knott. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P< 0,05. A FC reduziu após 20 minutos de IC e a f, PAS, PAD e PAM diminuíram após indução anestésica. Tais diferenças não foram relevantes clinicamente e os valores se mantiveram dentro do limite fisiológico. Pode-se concluir que as duas doses de infusão contínua de fentanil produziram estabilidade cardiovascular e respiratória, além de permitirem a diminuição do requerimento de sevoflurano para a realização da ovariohisterectomia eletiva.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine in canine females anesthetized with sevoflurane and submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. 18 animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (GA) animals received a loading dose intravenously of fentanyl 0.0018 mg/kg and those of group B (GB) 0.0036 mg/kg, both associated with lidocaine 3 mg/kg and ketamine 0, 6 mg/kg. Immediately after the loading dose, induction with propofol was realized followed by continuous infusion (CI) of fentanyl at the dose of 0.0018 mg/kg/h for GA and 0.0036 mg/kg/h for GB, both associated to 3 and 0.6 mg/kg/h of lidocaine and ketamine. The anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen at 1.5% by a calibrated vaporizer that was adjusted for the maintenance of the surgical anesthetic plane. The animals were placed in dorsal decubitus position and remained under spontaneous ventilation. Was evaluated the baseline values (T0), after induction (T1) and 5 (T5), 20 (T20) and 35 (T35) minutes of following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SatO2), partial carbon dioxide (EtCO2) pressure and expired sevoflurane (EtSevo). Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance followed by the Scott-knott test. Differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. HR decreased after 20 minutes of CI and f, SBP, DBP and MAP decreased after anesthetic induction. These differences were not clinically relevant and the values remained within the physiological limit. It can be concluded that the two doses of continuous infusion of fentanyl produced cardiovascular and respiratory stability, besides allowing the reduction of the sevoflurane requirement for elective ovariohysterectomy.(AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de dos dosis de fentanil asociadas a la lidocaína y cetamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a la ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se utilizaron 18 animales distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Los animales del grupo A (GA) recibieron por vía intravenosa un bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg y los del grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos asociados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg y cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Inmediatamente después del bolus se realizó la inducción con propofol seguido del inicio de la infusión continua (IC) de fentanil a la dosis de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para el GA y 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos asociados a 3 y 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína y cetamina. La anestesia fue mantenida con sevoflurane diluido en oxígeno 100% a 1,5V% a través de vaporizador calibrado que fue ajustado para el mantenimiento del plano anestésico quirúrgico. Los animales fueron colocados en decúbito dorsal y permanecieron bajo ventilación espontánea. Se evaluaron los valores basales (T0), después de la inducción (T1) y 5 (T5), 20 (T20) y 35 (T35) minutos de IC de los siguientes parámetros: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno en la hemoglobina (SatO2), presión parcial de dióxido de carbón (EtCO2) y el sevoflurane expirado (EtSevo). El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través del análisis de varianza seguida de la prueba de Scott-knott. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas cuando P< 0,05. La FC redujo después de 20 minutos de IC y la f, PAS, PAD y PAM disminuyeron después de la inducción anestésica. Estas diferencias no fueron relevantes clínicamente y los valores se mantuvieron dentro del límite fisiológico. Se puede concluir que las dos dosis de infusión continua de fentanil produjeron estabilidad cardiovascular y respiratoria, además de permitir la disminución del requerimiento de sevoflurane para la realización de la ovariohisterectomía electiva.(AU)

Infusão contínua de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Continuous infusion of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine for female dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy / Infusión continua de dos dosis de fentanila asociada a lidocaína y ketamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Foram utilizados 18 animais distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Os animais do grupo A (GA) receberam pela via intravenosa um bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg e os do grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos associados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg e cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Imediatamente após o bolus realizou-se a indução com propofol seguido do início da infusão contínua (IC) de fentanil na dose de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para o GA e 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos associados a 3 e 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína e cetamina. A anestesia foi mantida com sevoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% a 1,5V% por meio de vaporizador calibrado que foi ajustado para a manutenção do plano anestésico cirúrgico. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e permaneceram sob ventilação espontânea. Foram avaliados os valores basais (T0), após indução (T1) e 5 (T5), 20 (T20) e 35 (T35) minutos de IC dos seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) e o sevoflurano expirado (EtSevo). A análise estatística foi realizada através da análise de variância seguida do teste de Scott-knott. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P< 0,05. A FC reduziu após 20 minutos de IC e a f, PAS, PAD e PAM diminuíram após indução anestésica. Tais diferenças não foram relevantes clinicamente e os valores se mantiveram dentro do limite fisiológico. Pode-se concluir que as duas doses de infusão contínua de fentanil produziram estabilidade cardiovascular e respiratória, além de permitirem a diminuição do requerimento de sevoflurano para a realização da ovariohisterectomia eletiva.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine in canine females anesthetized with sevoflurane and submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. 18 animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (GA) animals received a loading dose intravenously of fentanyl 0.0018 mg/kg and those of group B (GB) 0.0036 mg/kg, both associated with lidocaine 3 mg/kg and ketamine 0, 6 mg/kg. Immediately after the loading dose, induction with propofol was realized followed by continuous infusion (CI) of fentanyl at the dose of 0.0018 mg/kg/h for GA and 0.0036 mg/kg/h for GB, both associated to 3 and 0.6 mg/kg/h of lidocaine and ketamine. The anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen at 1.5% by a calibrated vaporizer that was adjusted for the maintenance of the surgical anesthetic plane. The animals were placed in dorsal decubitus position and remained under spontaneous ventilation. Was evaluated the baseline values (T0), after induction (T1) and 5 (T5), 20 (T20) and 35 (T35) minutes of following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SatO2), partial carbon dioxide (EtCO2) pressure and expired sevoflurane (EtSevo). Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance followed by the Scott-knott test. Differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. HR decreased after 20 minutes of CI and f, SBP, DBP and MAP decreased after anesthetic induction. These differences were not clinically relevant and the values remained within the physiological limit. It can be concluded that the two doses of continuous infusion of fentanyl produced cardiovascular and respiratory stability, besides allowing the reduction of the sevoflurane requirement for elective ovariohysterectomy.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de dos dosis de fentanil asociadas a la lidocaína y cetamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a la ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se utilizaron 18 animales distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Los animales del grupo A (GA) recibieron por vía intravenosa un bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg y los del grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos asociados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg y cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Inmediatamente después del bolus se realizó la inducción con propofol seguido del inicio de la infusión continua (IC) de fentanil a la dosis de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para el GA y 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos asociados a 3 y 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína y cetamina. La anestesia fue mantenida con sevoflurane diluido en oxígeno 100% a 1,5V% a través de vaporizador calibrado que fue ajustado para el mantenimiento del plano anestésico quirúrgico. Los animales fueron colocados en decúbito dorsal y permanecieron bajo ventilación espontánea. Se evaluaron los valores basales (T0), después de la inducción (T1) y 5 (T5), 20 (T20) y 35 (T35) minutos de IC de los siguientes parámetros: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno en la hemoglobina (SatO2), presión parcial de dióxido de carbón (EtCO2) y el sevoflurane expirado (EtSevo). El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través del análisis de varianza seguida de la prueba de Scott-knott. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas cuando P< 0,05. La FC redujo después de 20 minutos de IC y la f, PAS, PAD y PAM disminuyeron después de la inducción anestésica. Estas diferencias no fueron relevantes clínicamente y los valores se mantuvieron dentro del límite fisiológico. Se puede concluir que las dos dosis de infusión continua de fentanil produjeron estabilidad cardiovascular y respiratoria, además de permitir la disminución del requerimiento de sevoflurane para la realización de la ovariohisterectomía electiva.

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.(AU)

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.

Megaesófago segmental en ovino de la raza Dorper / Segmental megaesophagus in a sheep breed Dorper / Megaesofago segmentar em um ovino da raça Dorper

Un ovino adulto, macho, de la raza Dorper con histórico de regurgitación y timpanismo crónico postprandial fue sometido a exámenes de imagen. En el examen radiográfico simple de la región cervical y torácica se observó desvio ventral de la tráquea y presencia de gas en el área de proyección del esófago torácico. El esofagograma con sulfato de bario reveló retención del medio de contraste y dilatación moderada de la porción del esófago situada entre la cuarta y la novena vértebras torácicas. En la evaluación endoscópica se confirmó el diagnóstico de megaesófago segmentario, a medida que se verificó la distorsión de la porción torácica del esófago, acúmulo de fluidos y alimento y la hipomodidad en el área afectada, sin alteración de las mucosas o señal de estenosis.(AU)

An adult, male, Dorper sheep with a history of regurgitation and postprandial chronic tympanism underwent imaging examinations. In the simple radiographic examination of the cervical and thoracic region were observed a ventral deviation of the trachea and presence of gas in the area of projection of the thoracic esophagus. The barium sulphate esophagogram revealed contrast retention and moderate dilatation of the portion of the esophagus between the fourth and ninth thoracic vertebrae. In the endoscopic evaluation, the diagnosis of segmental megaesophagus was confirmed, as the thoracic portion of the esophagus was distended, fluid and food accumulation and hypomotility were present in the affected area, without any alteration of the mucosa or sign of stenosis.(AU)

Um ovino adulto, macho, da raça Dorper com histórico de regurgitação e timpanismo crônico pós-prandial foi submetido a exames de imagem. No exame radiográfico simples da região cervical e torácica foi observado desvio ventral da traqueia e presença de gás na área de projeção do esôfago torácico. O esofagograma com sulfato de bário revelou retenção do meio de contraste e dilatação moderada da porção do esôfago situada entre a quarta e a nona vértebras torácicas. Na avaliação endoscópica foi confirmado diagnóstico de megaesôfago segmentar, à medida que foram verificadas distensão da porção torácica do esôfago, acúmulo de fluído e alimento e hipomotilidade na área afetada, sem qualquer alteração das mucosas ou sinal de estenose.(AU)

Megaesófago segmental en ovino de la raza Dorper / Segmental megaesophagus in a sheep breed Dorper / Megaesofago segmentar em um ovino da raça Dorper

Un ovino adulto, macho, de la raza Dorper con histórico de regurgitación y timpanismo crónico postprandial fue sometido a exámenes de imagen. En el examen radiográfico simple de la región cervical y torácica se observó desvio ventral de la tráquea y presencia de gas en el área de proyección del esófago torácico. El esofagograma con sulfato de bario reveló retención del medio de contraste y dilatación moderada de la porción del esófago situada entre la cuarta y la novena vértebras torácicas. En la evaluación endoscópica se confirmó el diagnóstico de megaesófago segmentario, a medida que se verificó la distorsión de la porción torácica del esófago, acúmulo de fluidos y alimento y la hipomodidad en el área afectada, sin alteración de las mucosas o señal de estenosis.

An adult, male, Dorper sheep with a history of regurgitation and postprandial chronic tympanism underwent imaging examinations. In the simple radiographic examination of the cervical and thoracic region were observed a ventral deviation of the trachea and presence of gas in the area of projection of the thoracic esophagus. The barium sulphate esophagogram revealed contrast retention and moderate dilatation of the portion of the esophagus between the fourth and ninth thoracic vertebrae. In the endoscopic evaluation, the diagnosis of segmental megaesophagus was confirmed, as the thoracic portion of the esophagus was distended, fluid and food accumulation and hypomotility were present in the affected area, without any alteration of the mucosa or sign of stenosis.

Um ovino adulto, macho, da raça Dorper com histórico de regurgitação e timpanismo crônico pós-prandial foi submetido a exames de imagem. No exame radiográfico simples da região cervical e torácica foi observado desvio ventral da traqueia e presença de gás na área de projeção do esôfago torácico. O esofagograma com sulfato de bário revelou retenção do meio de contraste e dilatação moderada da porção do esôfago situada entre a quarta e a nona vértebras torácicas. Na avaliação endoscópica foi confirmado diagnóstico de megaesôfago segmentar, à medida que foram verificadas distensão da porção torácica do esôfago, acúmulo de fluído e alimento e hipomotilidade na área afetada, sem qualquer alteração das mucosas ou sinal de estenose.

Evaluation of postoperative residual analgesia of two solutions used for local anesthesia by tumescence in bitches who underwent a unilateral mastectomy / Avaliação da analgesia residual pós-operatória de duas soluções utilizadas para anestesia local por tumescência em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia unilateral

Background: Breast tumors are common and require surgical treatment. A mastectomy causes edema, inflammation, and moderate to severe pain; therefore, analgesics should be used efficiently during the trans and postoperative periods. Tumescence anesthesia has been studied in veterinary medicine; however, there is limited literature on the comparison of the constituents of the different solutions and the most suitable protocol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual postoperative analgesia of two solutions through the Melbourne, Modified Glasgow for dogs (EGM), and Visual Analogue (EVA) scales in bitches who underwent a unilateral mastectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve bitches, weighing between 5 and 15 kg and aged between 5 and 13 years old, were included in the study. To determine if the animals were medically fit to undergo the procedure, they were evaluated by clinical examination, laboratory testing (complete blood count, serum biochemistry [urea, creatinine and alanine aminotransferase/ALT], and imaging (thorax x-ray and abdominal ultrasonography). Patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group received a lidocaine-containing tumescent solution (GTL) that consisted of 210 mL of lactated Ringer’s solution (at a temperature between 8 and 12°C), 40 mL of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor, and 0.5 mL of adrenaline (1 mg/mL). The other group received ropivacaine (GTR) with 233.3 mL of lactated Ringer’s solution (at the same temperature as the previous group’s), 16.7 mL of ropivacaine (7.5 mg/mL), and 0.5 mL of adrenaline (1 mg/mL). Both groups received a combination of acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg) and meperidine (2 mg/kg) as preanesthetic medication (MPA), followed by induction using propofol (to effect) and maintenance using isoflurane. The solutions were infused subcutaneously (SC) 5 min after stabilization of the anesthetic plane.[...]

Evaluation of postoperative residual analgesia of two solutions used for local anesthesia by tumescence in bitches who underwent a unilateral mastectomy / Avaliação da analgesia residual pós-operatória de duas soluções utilizadas para anestesia local por tumescência em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia unilateral

Background: Breast tumors are common and require surgical treatment. A mastectomy causes edema, inflammation, and moderate to severe pain; therefore, analgesics should be used efficiently during the trans and postoperative periods. Tumescence anesthesia has been studied in veterinary medicine; however, there is limited literature on the comparison of the constituents of the different solutions and the most suitable protocol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual postoperative analgesia of two solutions through the Melbourne, Modified Glasgow for dogs (EGM), and Visual Analogue (EVA) scales in bitches who underwent a unilateral mastectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve bitches, weighing between 5 and 15 kg and aged between 5 and 13 years old, were included in the study. To determine if the animals were medically fit to undergo the procedure, they were evaluated by clinical examination, laboratory testing (complete blood count, serum biochemistry [urea, creatinine and alanine aminotransferase/ALT], and imaging (thorax x-ray and abdominal ultrasonography). Patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group received a lidocaine-containing tumescent solution (GTL) that consisted of 210 mL of lactated Ringers solution (at a temperature between 8 and 12°C), 40 mL of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor, and 0.5 mL of adrenaline (1 mg/mL). The other group received ropivacaine (GTR) with 233.3 mL of lactated Ringers solution (at the same temperature as the previous groups), 16.7 mL of ropivacaine (7.5 mg/mL), and 0.5 mL of adrenaline (1 mg/mL). Both groups received a combination of acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg) and meperidine (2 mg/kg) as preanesthetic medication (MPA), followed by induction using propofol (to effect) and maintenance using isoflurane. The solutions were infused subcutaneously (SC) 5 min after stabilization of the anesthetic plane.[...](AU)

Anestesia total intravenosa com propofol associado ao fentanil, lidocaínaou cetamina em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia eletiva / Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol associated with fentanyl, lidocaine or ketamine in bitches submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy

Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is an alternative to inhalation anesthesia because it offers smoother anesthetic recovery, however, since propofol does not have adequate analgesic action, it is necessary to associate it with some drug to avoid the pain process. In addition, the combination may minimize cardiovascular depression resulting from continuous infusion of propofol by reducing infusion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory parameters and anesthetic recovery in bitches submitted to continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine associated with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four bitches were medicated intramuscularly with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups with different analgesic treatments: group F (GF) received a loading dose (LD) of 0.0036 mg/kg fentanyl, followed by continuous infusion of 0.0036 mg/kg/h; group L (GL), LD of 3 mg/kg lidocaine, followed by 3 mg/kg/h and group K (GK), LD of 0.6 mg/kg ketamine, followed by 0.6 mg/kg/h. First a LD of analgesic treatment was administered, followed by induction (to the effect) and beginning of continuous infusion of the analgesic treatment and propofol. The animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of adequate size, and connected to 100% oxygen, being kept under spontaneous ventilation during the entire period of anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of propofol started at 0.34 mg/kg/min and was adjusted so as to maintain the surgical anesthesia plane of Guedel and the cardiovascular parameters within the physiological limits for the species. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at different moments: basal (before application of any drug) and 5, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min after induction. The surgery started 20 min after anesthetic induction and lasted 60 min. […](AU)

Different Dissociative Anesthesia Protocols For Coatis (Nasua Nasua)

This study evaluated the effects of various combinations of dissociative drugs, tranquilizers, and sedatives in four male coatis (Nasua nasua) with an average age and weight of 4.8 ± 1.3 years and 6.02 ± 0.56 kg, respectively. We studied six groups with different anesthetic protocols: CX (10 mg/kg ketamine-S and 2 mg/kg xylazine); CXA (10 mg/kg ketamine-S, 2 mg/kg xylazine, and 0.04 mg/kg atropine); CM (10 mg/kg ketamine-S and 0.5 mg/kg midazolam); CMAc (10 mg/kg ketamine-S, 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam, and 1 mg/kg acepromazine); C(20)M (20 mg/kg of ketamine-S and 0.5 mg/kg midazolam); and TZ (7 mg/kg of tiletamine and zolazepam), with a 30-day interval between the completion of each procedure. We evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2), body temperature T (°C), and muscle relaxation, using a scoring system. There was no statistical difference for SpO2. T (°C) was progressively reduced over time in all groups (p< 0.0001). The groups CM, C(20)M, CMAc, and TZ demonstrated the greatest effect on HR and T (°C). With respect to respiratory rate reduction, groups CM and TZ showed similar results. The best degree of muscle relaxation was observed in groups CM and C(20)M. We concluded that the combination of 20 mg/kg ketamine and midazolam 0. 5 mg/kg (group C(20)M) is an option for dissociative anesthesia of coatis, producing smaller changes in T (°C) and HR, and promoting better muscular relaxation when compared to other combinations.

Anestesia total intravenosa com propofol associado ao fentanil, lidocaínaou cetamina em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia eletiva / Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol associated with fentanyl, lidocaine or ketamine in bitches submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy

Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is an alternative to inhalation anesthesia because it offers smoother anesthetic recovery, however, since propofol does not have adequate analgesic action, it is necessary to associate it with some drug to avoid the pain process. In addition, the combination may minimize cardiovascular depression resulting from continuous infusion of propofol by reducing infusion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory parameters and anesthetic recovery in bitches submitted to continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine associated with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four bitches were medicated intramuscularly with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups with different analgesic treatments: group F (GF) received a loading dose (LD) of 0.0036 mg/kg fentanyl, followed by continuous infusion of 0.0036 mg/kg/h; group L (GL), LD of 3 mg/kg lidocaine, followed by 3 mg/kg/h and group K (GK), LD of 0.6 mg/kg ketamine, followed by 0.6 mg/kg/h. First a LD of analgesic treatment was administered, followed by induction (to the effect) and beginning of continuous infusion of the analgesic treatment and propofol. The animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of adequate size, and connected to 100% oxygen, being kept under spontaneous ventilation during the entire period of anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of propofol started at 0.34 mg/kg/min and was adjusted so as to maintain the surgical anesthesia plane of Guedel and the cardiovascular parameters within the physiological limits for the species. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at different moments: basal (before application of any drug) and 5, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min after induction. The surgery started 20 min after anesthetic induction and lasted 60 min. […]

Total Intravenous Anesthesia with Propofol Associated with Fentanyl, Lidocaine or Ketamine in Bitches Submitted to Elective Ovariohysterectomy

Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is an alternative to inhalation anesthesia because it offers smoother anesthetic recovery, however, since propofol does not have adequate analgesic action, it is necessary to associate it with some drug to avoid the pain process. In addition, the combination may minimize cardiovascular depression resulting from continuous infusion of propofol by reducing infusion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory parameters and anesthetic recovery in bitches submitted to continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine associated with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four bitches were medicated intramuscularly with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups with different analgesic treatments: group F (GF) received a loading dose (LD) of 0.0036 mg/kg fentanyl, followed by continuous infusion of 0.0036 mg/kg/h; group L (GL), LD of 3 mg/kg lidocaine, followed by 3 mg/kg/h and group K (GK), LD of 0.6 mg/kg ketamine, followed by 0.6 mg/kg/h. First a LD of analgesic treatment was administered, followed by induction (to the effect) and beginning of continuous infusion of the analgesic treatment and propofol. The animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of adequate size, and conn

Different Dissociative Anesthesia Protocols For Coatis (Nasua Nasua)

This study evaluated the effects of various combinations of dissociative drugs, tranquilizers, and sedatives in four male coatis (Nasua nasua) with an average age and weight of 4.8 ± 1.3 years and 6.02 ± 0.56 kg, respectively. We studied six groups with different anesthetic protocols: CX (10 mg/kg ketamine-S and 2 mg/kg xylazine); CXA (10 mg/kg ketamine-S, 2 mg/kg xylazine, and 0.04 mg/kg atropine); CM (10 mg/kg ketamine-S and 0.5 mg/kg midazolam); CMAc (10 mg/kg ketamine-S, 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam, and 1 mg/kg acepromazine); C(20)M (20 mg/kg of ketamine-S and 0.5 mg/kg midazolam); and TZ (7 mg/kg of tiletamine and zolazepam), with a 30-day interval between the completion of each procedure. We evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2), body temperature T (°C), and muscle relaxation, using a scoring system. There was no statistical difference for SpO2. T (°C) was progressively reduced over time in all groups (p< 0.0001). The groups CM, C(20)M, CMAc, and TZ demonstrated the greatest effect on HR and T (°C). With respect to respiratory rate reduction, groups CM and TZ showed similar results. The best degree of muscle relaxation was observed in groups CM and C(20)M. We concluded that the combination of 20 mg/kg ketamine and midazolam 0. 5 mg/kg (group C(20)M) is an option for dissociative anesthesia of coatis, producing smaller changes in T (°C) and HR, and promoting better muscular relaxation when compared to other combinations.(AU)

Effects of epidural anesthesia with tramadol, ropivacaine or tramadol-ropivacaine combination, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy under anesthesia with isoflurane / Efeitos da anestesia epidural com tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia com isoflurano

Epidural anesthesia is a locoregional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia and muscle relaxation in the-retroumbilical region. The combination of opioids and local anesthetics increased the intensity and duration of analgesia by causing immediate motor and sensory nerve blockade, and improved recovery after surgery. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the trans- and postoperative cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of epidurally administered tramadol, ropivacaine and tramadol-ropivacaine combination in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The effect of isoflurane concentration was also evaluated. This study was performed on 24 female mongrel dogs, pre-medicated with chlorpromazine (0.5 mg kg-1, IV) and, anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. The first group receveid epidural tramadol (2 mg kg-1, GT group), the second group received ropivacaine (1.5 mg kg-1, GR group), and the third group received a tramadol-ropivacaine combination at the abovementioned doses (GTR group). At pre-defined time points, classified into pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods, cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia were analyzed for a period of up to 420 min following epidural anesthesia. The check analgesia was check of approximately 105, 217 and 382 minutes, in GR, in GT and GTR respectively, and no cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The drugs used in this study are considered safe and effective for ovariohysterectomy due to the cardiorespiratory stability and transoperative analgesia provided by them. However, the combination of ropivacaine and tramadol ensured a greater reduction in the inhaled anesthetic dose and better analgesia during in the postoperative period.

A anestesia epidural é uma técnica anestésica locorregional que proporciona analgesia e relaxamento muscular na região retroumbilical. A associação de opioides com os anestésicos locais contribui para o aumento da intensidade e prolongamento da analgesia, ocorrendo bloqueio sensitivo e motor imediato, melhorando a recuperação no período pós-operatório. Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente no transe pós-operatório, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia proporcionada pelo tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, pela via epidural, bem como a concentração anestésica do isoflurano no transoperatório, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Este estudo foi realizado com 24 fêmeas da espécie canina, pré-medicadas com clorpromazina (0,5 mg Kg-1 IV), anestesiadas com propofol (à efeito) e isoflurano, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, nas quais foi utilizado pela via epidural 2 mg Kg-1 de tramadol (GT), 1,5 mg Kg-1 de ropivacaína (GR) ou sua associação (GTR) nas doses citadas anteriormente. Em momentos pré-definidos, dos períodos pré, trans- e pós-operatório, foram analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia por um período de até 420 minutos após a anestesia epidural. Pode-se verificar analgesia de aproximadamente 105, 217 e 382 minutos, no GR, no GT e no GTR respectivamente, e ausência de depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Os fármacos utilizados neste estudo podem ser considerados seguros e eficientes para a técnica cirúrgica em questão devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e analgesia trans-operatória, porém, a associação de ropivacaína e tramadol promoveu maior redução no anestésico inalatório e melhor analgesia no períodopós-operatório.

Effects of epidural anesthesia with tramadol, ropivacaine or tramadol-ropivacaine combination, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy under anesthesia with isoflurane / Efeitos da anestesia epidural com tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia com isoflurano

Epidural anesthesia is a locoregional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia and muscle relaxation in the-retroumbilical region. The combination of opioids and local anesthetics increased the intensity and duration of analgesia by causing immediate motor and sensory nerve blockade, and improved recovery after surgery. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the trans- and postoperative cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of epidurally administered tramadol, ropivacaine and tramadol-ropivacaine combination in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The effect of isoflurane concentration was also evaluated. This study was performed on 24 female mongrel dogs, pre-medicated with chlorpromazine (0.5 mg kg-1, IV) and, anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. The first group receveid epidural tramadol (2 mg kg-1, GT group), the second group received ropivacaine (1.5 mg kg-1, GR group), and the third group received a tramadol-ropivacaine combination at the abovementioned doses (GTR group). At pre-defined time points, classified into pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods, cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia were analyzed for a period of up to 420 min following epidural anesthesia. The check analgesia was check of approximately 105, 217 and 382 minutes, in GR, in GT and GTR respectively, and no cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The drugs used in this study are considered safe and effective for ovariohysterectomy due to the cardiorespiratory stability and transoperative analgesia provided by them. However, the combination of ropivacaine and tramadol ensured a greater reduction in the inhaled anesthetic dose and better analgesia during in the postoperative period.(AU)

A anestesia epidural é uma técnica anestésica locorregional que proporciona analgesia e relaxamento muscular na região retroumbilical. A associação de opioides com os anestésicos locais contribui para o aumento da intensidade e prolongamento da analgesia, ocorrendo bloqueio sensitivo e motor imediato, melhorando a recuperação no período pós-operatório. Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente no transe pós-operatório, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia proporcionada pelo tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, pela via epidural, bem como a concentração anestésica do isoflurano no transoperatório, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Este estudo foi realizado com 24 fêmeas da espécie canina, pré-medicadas com clorpromazina (0,5 mg Kg-1 IV), anestesiadas com propofol (à efeito) e isoflurano, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, nas quais foi utilizado pela via epidural 2 mg Kg-1 de tramadol (GT), 1,5 mg Kg-1 de ropivacaína (GR) ou sua associação (GTR) nas doses citadas anteriormente. Em momentos pré-definidos, dos períodos pré, trans- e pós-operatório, foram analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia por um período de até 420 minutos após a anestesia epidural. Pode-se verificar analgesia de aproximadamente 105, 217 e 382 minutos, no GR, no GT e no GTR respectivamente, e ausência de depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Os fármacos utilizados neste estudo podem ser considerados seguros e eficientes para a técnica cirúrgica em questão devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e analgesia trans-operatória, porém, a associação de ropivacaína e tramadol promoveu maior redução no anestésico inalatório e melhor analgesia no períodopós-operatório.(AU)

Bilateral hip dysplasia in cat / Displasia coxofemoral em gato

Background: The hip dysplasia (HD) is the abnormal growth or development of the hip joint which usually occurs bilaterally. It is manifested by varying degrees of laxity of the soft tissue, unstable, malformation of the femoral head and the acetabulum, and osteoarthritis. There is a wide variety of conservative and surgical options described in the literature, although none are considered ideal since they must consider all the factors involved and thus define the appropriate conduct. The study aims to report the case of a cat with bilateral hip dysplasia and contribute to the understanding of the disease in this species.Case: A feline male 24-month-old, mongrel, with approximately 4.5 kg was treated at the Veterinary Hospital UFMT - Campus Cuiabá, with a history of coordination problems. In the anamnesis the owner reported that the animal had fallen, which was followed by anorexia and apathy. Physical examination was not possible to identify the pain in the orthopedic tests, since the animal suffered from stress and could not be calmed. A blood-test and biochemical profile (urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin) were performed, which were within normal limits, except for urea and creatinine which showed serum elevation, suggesting an acute renal failure (ARF). The animal was hospitalized to correct the ARF. After 4 days of treatment there was...(AU)

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é o desenvolvimento ou crescimento anormal da articulação coxofemoral, em geral ocorre bilateralmente. Manifesta-se por vários graus de frouxidão dos tecidos moles, instabilidade, má formação da cabeça femoral e do acetábulo, e osteoartrite. Esta afecção é mais representativa em cães de grande porte, porém tem sido relatada em cães de raça toy e gatos [6]. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns são apatia, inapetência alimentar, limitação de movimentos e claudicação [7]. Já nos gatos os sinais clínicos são mais brandos, passando muitas vezes despercebidos pelos proprietários [5]. Os sinais radiográficos comuns a todas as espé- cies são o arrasamento acetabular, incongruência entre a cabeça femoral e o acetábulo com graus variáveis de luxação, deformação da cabeça e colo femoral e sinais de artrose nos casos crônicos [3]. Aspectos radiográficos de displasia coxofemoral em felinos são diferentes dos encontrados nos caninos, sendo o acetábulo raso, com remodelação e proliferação envolvendo a margem acetabular crâ- niodorsal e mínima remodelação do colo femoral [2]. Existe grande variedade de opções conservadoras ou cirúrgicas descritas na literatura, no entanto nenhuma é considerada ideal. Deve-se analisar todos os fatores envolvidos (idade, gravidade, achados radiográficos e físicos, presença de outras doenças e condição financeira do proprietário), para assim...(AU)

Evaluation of intraluminal pressure in cystorrhaphies with and without intestinal serosal patch supplementation from canine cadavers

To evaluate the maximal intraluminal pressure (MIP) supported by canine cadaveric urinary bladders that underwent cystotomy followed by cystorraphy, with and without serosal patching-supplementation. METHODS: Two groups (n=8 each) were formed, and in one (conventional) the cystotomy was closed with cushing pattern. In the other group (serosal), the same procedure was performed, and a piece of jejunum was used for the construction of the serosal patching over the cystorraphy. MIP was measured by means of an invasive blood pressure transducer with closed stopcock attached to a multiparameter monitor. At the end of each measurement, the bladder body circumference was assessed. RESULTS: Mean±SD MIP sustained for the conventional and serosal groups were 28.88±5.08 and 65.38±10.99 mmHg, respectively (p 0.0001). Bladder circumference did not change significantly between groups (p=0.35) and did not correlate with MIP assessed in conventional (p=0.27; r=0.4379) and serosal groups (p=0.37; r=-0.3637). CONCLUSION: Serosal patch-supplemented cystorraphies were able to sustain intraluminal pressures 55.8% higher, than nonsupplemented cystorraphies in specimens from canine cadavers.(AU)

Bilateral hip dysplasia in cat / Displasia coxofemoral em gato

Background: The hip dysplasia (HD) is the abnormal growth or development of the hip joint which usually occurs bilaterally. It is manifested by varying degrees of laxity of the soft tissue, unstable, malformation of the femoral head and the acetabulum, and osteoarthritis. There is a wide variety of conservative and surgical options described in the literature, although none are considered ideal since they must consider all the factors involved and thus define the appropriate conduct. The study aims to report the case of a cat with bilateral hip dysplasia and contribute to the understanding of the disease in this species.Case: A feline male 24-month-old, mongrel, with approximately 4.5 kg was treated at the Veterinary Hospital UFMT - Campus Cuiabá, with a history of coordination problems. In the anamnesis the owner reported that the animal had fallen, which was followed by anorexia and apathy. Physical examination was not possible to identify the pain in the orthopedic tests, since the animal suffered from stress and could not be calmed. A blood-test and biochemical profile (urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin) were performed, which were within normal limits, except for urea and creatinine which showed serum elevation, suggesting an acute renal failure (ARF). The animal was hospitalized to correct the ARF. After 4 days of treatment there was...

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é o desenvolvimento ou crescimento anormal da articulação coxofemoral, em geral ocorre bilateralmente. Manifesta-se por vários graus de frouxidão dos tecidos moles, instabilidade, má formação da cabeça femoral e do acetábulo, e osteoartrite. Esta afecção é mais representativa em cães de grande porte, porém tem sido relatada em cães de raça toy e gatos [6]. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns são apatia, inapetência alimentar, limitação de movimentos e claudicação [7]. Já nos gatos os sinais clínicos são mais brandos, passando muitas vezes despercebidos pelos proprietários [5]. Os sinais radiográficos comuns a todas as espé- cies são o arrasamento acetabular, incongruência entre a cabeça femoral e o acetábulo com graus variáveis de luxação, deformação da cabeça e colo femoral e sinais de artrose nos casos crônicos [3]. Aspectos radiográficos de displasia coxofemoral em felinos são diferentes dos encontrados nos caninos, sendo o acetábulo raso, com remodelação e proliferação envolvendo a margem acetabular crâ- niodorsal e mínima remodelação do colo femoral [2]. Existe grande variedade de opções conservadoras ou cirúrgicas descritas na literatura, no entanto nenhuma é considerada ideal. Deve-se analisar todos os fatores envolvidos (idade, gravidade, achados radiográficos e físicos, presença de outras doenças e condição financeira do proprietário), para assim...

Técnicas de contenção química em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous)

Há grande deficiência na literatura sobre os efeitos dos anestésicos dissociativos em animais silvestres. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os efeitos de diferentes protocolos anestésicos em cachorros-do-mato. Foram utilizados cinco animais machos, clinicamente sadios. Após 12 horas de jejum sólido, cada animal foi submetido a três protocolos de anestesia dissociativa (quetamina e xilazina QX, quetamina e midazolam QM e tiletamina e zolazepam TZ) com intervalo de 30 dias entre eles. As variáveis avaliadas foram: período de latência; período hábil de anestesia; qualidade da indução, manutenção e recuperação anestésica. Foram avaliados frequência cardíaca (FC), saturação de oxihemoglobina (SpO 2), ritmo cardíaco, frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura corporal (TC) e relaxamento muscular aos cinco minutos após o período de latência e a cada 10 minutos durante o período de manutenção anestésica (M10 a M40). Os dados paramétricos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey, para comparação entre as médias dos grupos e dos tempos, sendo que as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p

Efeitos da morfina e da metadona associadas à acepromazina em gatas anestesiadas com propofol e haloteno e submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia

Os fármacos utilizados na medicação pré-anestésica são úteis para preparar o paciente para anestesia, causando sedação, analgesia, redução na dose dos anestésicos e menor incidência de efeitos adversos ao paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos cardiovasculares e respiratórios, comportamentais, relaxamento muscular, analgesia pós-operatória da morfina ou metadona associadas à acepromazina em gatas anestesiadas com propofol e halotano e submetidas a ovariossalpingohisterectomia. Para isso, foram utilizadas 20 gatas clinicamente sadias, distribuídas em 2 grupos: o grupo I recebeu a associação de acepromazina (0,05mg/kg) e metadona (0,2mg/kg) e o grupo II recebeu a associação de acepromazina (0,05mg/kg) e morfina (0,2mg/kg) administradas na mesma seringa por via intramuscular. Foram avaliados frequência cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, saturação de oxi-hemoglobina, concentração de dióxido de carbono no ar expirado, temperatura retal e tempo de preenchimento capilar, nos períodos pré, trans e pós-operatórios. Pode-se concluir que ambas as associações produziram leve sedação e podem ser utilizadas com segurança em felinos, pois promoveram boa analgesia sem efeitos colaterais.