Granulomatous rhinitis by Neoconidiobolus lamprauges in a mule / Rinite granulomatosa por Neoconidiobolus lamprauges em uma mula

ABSTRACT: Conidiobolomycosis has a wide distribution, predominantly in humid tropical regions, affecting several species with significant mortality rates. The genus Conidiobolus is now divided into four genera: Capillidium, Conidiobolus, Microconidiobolus, and Neoconidiobolus. There are no confirmed reports of infection by these fungi in Equidae in Brazil. We present a rhinofacial rhinitis caused by Neoconidiobolus lamprauges in a mule from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mule presented bilateral semi-occlusion of the nostrils, difficulty breathing, and weight loss. The histological examination of the nostril biopsied mass revealed multifocal necrotizing areas with nonstained images of fungal hyphae in the Splendore-Hoeppli reaction and surrounded by macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and multinucleated giant cells. The Grocott methenamine silver staining revealed thin-walled, rarely septated, irregular branching hyphae, with a varying diameter of 12 μm (± 3.63 μm), and terminal ballooning dilations. The determining etiology of this rhinitis was based on the hyphae staining by immunohistochemistry and by amplifying the DNA fragment of N. lamprauges by polymerase chain reaction. Conidiobolomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of the causes of rhinitis in equids, mainly in tropical regions.

RESUMO: A conidiobolomicose apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica, com predominância em regiões tropicais úmidas, afeta várias espécies e apresenta taxa de mortalidade significativa. O gênero Conidiobolus está agora dividido em quatro gêneros: Capillidium, Conidiobolus, Microconidiobolus e Neoconidiobolus. Não há relatos confirmados de infecção por esses fungos em equídeos no Brasil. Relata-se o caso de uma mula com rinite rinofacial causada por Neoconidiobolus lamprauges no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A mula apresentava uma massa que semiocluía as narinas bilateralmente, dificuldade respiratória e emagrecimento. O exame histológico de biópsia da massa da narina revelou áreas de necrose multifocais com imagens negativas de hifas fúngicas em meio à reação de Splendore-Hoeppli, circundadas por macrófagos, eosinófilos, neutrófilos e células gigantes multinucleadas. O exame histoquímico metenamina prata de Grocott revelou hifas de parede fina, raramente septadas, com ramificação irregular, grau variável de paralelismo, e diâmetro médio de 12 μm (± 3,63) e dilatações balonosas terminais. O diagnóstico etiológico foi realizado pela associação da imuno-histoquímica e da amplificação do fragmento de DNA de N. lamprauges pela reação em cadeia da polimerase. A conidiobolomicose deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial das causas de rinite em equídeos, principalmente em regiões tropicais.

Granulomatous rhinitis by Neoconidiobolus lamprauges in a mule / Rinite granulomatosa por Neoconidiobolus lamprauges em uma mula

Conidiobolomycosis has a wide distribution, predominantly in humid tropical regions, affecting several species with significant mortality rates. The genus Conidiobolus is now divided into four genera: Capillidium, Conidiobolus, Microconidiobolus, and Neoconidiobolus. There are no confirmed reports of infection by these fungi in Equidae in Brazil. We present a rhinofacial rhinitis caused by Neoconidiobolus lamprauges in a mule from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mule presented bilateral semi-occlusion of the nostrils, difficulty breathing, and weight loss. The histological examination of the nostril biopsied mass revealed multifocal necrotizing areas with nonstained images of fungal hyphae in the Splendore-Hoeppli reaction and surrounded by macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and multinucleated giant cells. The Grocott methenamine silver staining revealed thin-walled, rarely septated, irregular branching hyphae, with a varying diameter of 12 µm (± 3.63 µm), and terminal ballooning dilations. The determining etiology of this rhinitis was based on the hyphae staining by immunohistochemistry and by amplifying the DNA fragment of N. lamprauges by polymerase chain reaction. Conidiobolomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of the causes of rhinitis in equids, mainly in tropical regions.

A conidiobolomicose apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica, com predominância em regiões tropicais úmidas, afeta várias espécies e apresenta taxa de mortalidade significativa. O gênero Conidiobolus está agora dividido em quatro gêneros: Capillidium, Conidiobolus, Microconidiobolus e Neoconidiobolus. Não há relatos confirmados de infecção por esses fungos em equídeos no Brasil. Relata-se o caso de uma mula com rinite rinofacial causada por Neoconidiobolus lamprauges no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A mula apresentava uma massa que semiocluía as narinas bilateralmente, dificuldade respiratória e emagrecimento. O exame histológico de biópsia da massa da narina revelou áreas de necrose multifocais com imagens negativas de hifas fúngicas em meio à reação de Splendore-Hoeppli, circundadas por macrófagos, eosinófilos, neutrófilos e células gigantes multinucleadas. O exame histoquímico metenamina prata de Grocott revelou hifas de parede fina, raramente septadas, com ramificação irregular, grau variável de paralelismo, e diâmetro médio de 12 µm (± 3,63) e dilatações balonosas terminais. O diagnóstico etiológico foi realizado pela associação da imuno-histoquímica e da amplificação do fragmento de DNA de N. lamprauges pela reação em cadeia da polimerase. A conidiobolomicose deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial das causas de rinite em equídeos, principalmente em regiões tropicais.

Hemoperitoneum in a cow with lumbar muscle hemangiosarcoma

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells with an infiltrative growth pattern. Hemangiosarcomas are frequently reported in canines and rare in felines, sheep, goats, swine, horses and cattle. Few cases of hemangiosarcoma were reported in cattle. In the present report, we describe the clinicopathological findings of a bovine muscle hemangiosarcoma. Case: A 6-year-old, Girolando cow from the Dairy Cattle Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, presented sternal decubitus. Clinical signs were markedly pale mucous membranes, moderate dehydration, respiratory distress, and increased heart rate. The hematological examination revealed intense regenerative anemia. Due to the worsening of the clinical condition, the cow was submitted to euthanasia. The necropsy and collection of various fragments of organs were performed, which were sent to the "Setor de Anatomia Patológica" (SAP-UFRRJ). Tissues were fixed in 10 % buffered formalin, routinely processed for histology and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). The external mucous membranes were markedly pale. Multifocal areas of 1.5 x 1.0 cm, irregular and dark red were observed dissecting the quadratus lumborum muscle (hemangiosarcoma) fibers. These neoplasms were associated with an extensive cruoric clot adhered to the muscle fibers. The extensive, red, friable mass measured approximately 76 x 55 x 20 cm on the serous surfaces of the organs of the peritoneal cavity (hemoperitoneum). The spleen was moderately reduced. The bone marrow was markedly pale. Histologically, it was observed that there was an extensive proliferation of endothelial cells in the quadratus lumbar muscle mass dissecting the epimysium and perimysium. Endothelial cells had moderate pleomorphism, organized in vascular channels and forming multifocally solid areas with a significant amount of eosinophilic fibrillar material (fibrin). Sections of muscle neoplasm were subjected to immunohistochemistry with anti-von Willebrand factor primary antibody, which showed a multifocal moderate cytoplasmic immunolabeling of neoplastic endothelial cells. Discussion: There are few reports of striated muscle hemangiosarcoma in cattle. Muscular hemangiosarcomas were reported in a 4-month-old calf in the left cervical trapezius muscle and a 6-year-old Holstein cow with left pelvic limb mass lateral and distal to the knee. Some reports presented hemangiosarcoma in the iliopsoas muscle, left cervical trapezius muscle, pelvic limb muscles and right cervical muscle of the bovine. In the presented report, hemoperitoneum occurred as a result of hemorrhages from muscle hemangiosarcoma. Other studies have demonstrated cavity hemorrhages in joint, pelvic, pleural and cranial cavities associated with hemangiosarcoma. Hemangiosarcoma with regenerative anemia must be distinguished from other diseases that cause anemia. The main differential diagnoses of bovine with anemia are vena cava syndrome, coumarin derivatives poisoning, acute poisoning by Pteridium spp., tick fever, anaplasmosis, babesiosis and trypanosomiasis. Hemangiosarcoma should be differentiated from other lesions as hemangioma, vascular tumor of lymphatic endothelium and perivascular wall tumors. Cases with poorly differentiated morphology should be submitted for immunohistochemistry. In the present hemangiosarcoma case, we have used the von Willebrand factor for immunohistochemistry diagnosis. Expression of angiogenic growth factors such as CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) have also been used in the diagnosis of vascular proliferation lesions. Hemangiosarcoma in cattle should be included mainly in the differential diagnosis of diseases that cause acute anemia in cattle.

Toxoplasma gondii induced abortions in a goat herd in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Aborto por Toxoplasma gondii em um rebanho de caprinos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Although, serological assays for detecting immune response against Toxoplasma gondii in goats and sheep are frequent in Brazil, studies showing lesions and confirmation of infectious causes of abortion in goats in the state of Rio de Janeiro have not been reported. This study aimed to describe an abortion outbreak caused by T. gondii in a goat herd in the state of Rio de Janeiro. At histological examination, necrotizing encephalitis and lymphoplasmacytic myositis were observed in goat fetuses submitted to necropsy. The diagnoses were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which revealed positive marking structures compatible with T. gondii bradyzoites in the brain and skeletal muscle cysts. T. gondii should be included among the causes of abortion in goats in the Southeast region of Brazil.(AU)

Embora sejam frequentes as pesquisas sorológicas da toxoplasmose em caprinos e ovinos no Brasil, os estudos que apresentam as lesões e a confirmação das causas infecciosas de aborto em caprinos no estado do Rio de Janeiro não foram encontrados. Neste trabalho descreve-se Toxoplasma gondii como causa de aborto em uma criação de caprinos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Ao exame histológico foi observada encefalite necrosante e miosite linfoplasmocítica nos fetos caprinos submetidos à necropsia. A confirmação do diagnóstico foi realizada com o exame de imuno-histoquímica, que revelou marcação positiva de cistos com bradizoítos de T. gondii no encéfalo e em músculo esquelético. T. gondii deve ser incluído entre as causas de aborto em cabras na região sudeste do Brasil.(AU)

Técnicas reversíveis de rufião em ovinos (Ovis aires) / Reversible techniques of ruffian in sheep (Ovis aires)

Background: The use of teaser rams is an essential practice for detecting estrus in ewes as well as for accelerating puberty and synchronizing ovulation in the animal. There are several methods for preparing teasers, and the method used should be based on an assessment of the producer’s requirements. The ideal technique should be low cost and safe, ensuring the non-fertilization of ewes. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of two reversible teaser preparation techniques using a reversible plastic clamp. The techniques were compared in terms of functionality, possible post-surgical complications, and hematological changes of the rams as well as durability and reversibility. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve healthy rams, aged 14-20 months, were divided into two groups (G1 and G2). Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein to perform the following analyses: blood count, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen. Following local infiltrative anesthesia with 5.0 mL 2% lidocaine without vasoconstrictor, the procedure was performed as follows: in G1, the preputial ostium was partially closed, and in G2, sigmoid flexure was performed in the cranial region, approximately 5-8 cm immediately caudal to the scrotal sac. In the postoperative period, 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline and 2.2 mg/kg flunixinmeglumine were intramuscularly administered as a single dose. The wounds were dressed, sprayed with repellent, and allowed to heal for seven days. The procedures in both groups were simple to perform, low cost, and low risk; caused minimal tissue injury; enabled rapid recovery; promoted little or no stress to the animals; are reversible; and left no complications. The animals of both groups satisfactorily identified the females in estrus during the three-month experimental period, maintained libido, and failed to mate with any female. The blood count levels...

Hemangiossarcoma metastático em uma vaca / Metastatic hemangiosarcoma in a cow

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells that mainly affects dogs and is less common in horses, cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep. In ruminants, however, few cases of hemangiosarcoma have been reported. Although this neoplasm may primarily occur in any tissue, it most often originates in the spleen, liver, heart, and skin. This study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a bovine hemangiosarcoma.Case: A 10-year-old lactating Girolando cow from the municipality of Vassouras/RJ was examinated because of uncontrolled cough and bilateral hemoptysis, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, severe decline in milk production (a decrease of 28 L), and respiratory wheezing during chest auscultation. We performed a necropsy and collected fragments of various organs which were fixed using 10% buffered formalin and sent to the Pathology Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) for routine histological assessment. Macroscopically, large hemorrhagic areas were observed in the lungs, mainly in the cranioventral portion of the pulmonary lobes, multifocal areas of hemorrhages in the liver, and a 10x8x5 cm soft red mass was observed in the spleen. Microscopically, was observed lung proliferation of endothelial cells arranged in tapes, supported by a collagenous stroma associated with severe multifocal lobular hemorrhage with a large number of siderophages and diffuse and marked edema, and congestion. In the mediastinal lymph node, liver, and spleen, the proliferation of neoplastic endothelial cells equivalent to those described in the lungs was observed. The histological sections of liver and tumor spleen were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor, in which marking was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells.[...]

Hemangiossarcoma metastático em uma vaca / Metastatic hemangiosarcoma in a cow

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells that mainly affects dogs and is less common in horses, cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep. In ruminants, however, few cases of hemangiosarcoma have been reported. Although this neoplasm may primarily occur in any tissue, it most often originates in the spleen, liver, heart, and skin. This study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a bovine hemangiosarcoma.Case: A 10-year-old lactating Girolando cow from the municipality of Vassouras/RJ was examinated because of uncontrolled cough and bilateral hemoptysis, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, severe decline in milk production (a decrease of 28 L), and respiratory wheezing during chest auscultation. We performed a necropsy and collected fragments of various organs which were fixed using 10% buffered formalin and sent to the Pathology Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) for routine histological assessment. Macroscopically, large hemorrhagic areas were observed in the lungs, mainly in the cranioventral portion of the pulmonary lobes, multifocal areas of hemorrhages in the liver, and a 10x8x5 cm soft red mass was observed in the spleen. Microscopically, was observed lung proliferation of endothelial cells arranged in tapes, supported by a collagenous stroma associated with severe multifocal lobular hemorrhage with a large number of siderophages and diffuse and marked edema, and congestion. In the mediastinal lymph node, liver, and spleen, the proliferation of neoplastic endothelial cells equivalent to those described in the lungs was observed. The histological sections of liver and tumor spleen were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor, in which marking was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells.[...](AU)