Sperm cryopreservation of Prochilodus brevis using different concentrations of non-permeable cryoprotectants

Abstract The action of substances with non-permeable cryoprotectant potential, besides glucose, has not yet been studied for the species Prochilodus brevis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of four non-permeable cryoprotectants on this species sperm cryopreservation. Five pools were cryopreserved in a solution of 5% glucose and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) associated or not (control) with cryoprotectants egg yolk (5, 10 or 12%), soy lecithin (2.5, 7.5 or 10%), sucrose (5, 10 or 20%) and lactose (5, 8 or 15%). After thawing, samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics (total motility, motility duration, velocities, and wobble - WOB), morphology and membrane and DNA integrity. The treatments containing egg yolk improved significantly (P<0.05) results when compared the control for the membrane integrity parameter. When compared to other treatments, egg yolk, at any concentration, presented higher results (P<0.05) for membrane integrity, total motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL) and average path velocity (VAP) parameters. Egg yolk also showed the best results for WOB, but it did not differ from 5% and 8% lactose and 5% and 20% sucrose. Soy lecithin had the lowest percentages of morphologically normal sperm (P<0.05), while the other treatments did not differ from each other. There was no difference regarding DNA integrity data. Thus, 5% egg yolk is indicated as a non-permeable cryoprotectant for P. brevis, in association with 5% glucose and 10% Me2SO.

Sperm cryopreservation of Prochilodus brevis using different concentrations of non-permeable cryoprotectants

The action of substances with non-permeable cryoprotectant potential, besides glucose, has not yet been studied for the species Prochilodus brevis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of four non-permeable cryoprotectants on this species sperm cryopreservation. Five pools were cryopreserved in a solution of 5% glucose and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) associated or not (control) with cryoprotectants egg yolk (5, 10 or 12%), soy lecithin (2.5, 7.5 or 10%), sucrose (5, 10 or 20%) and lactose (5, 8 or 15%). After thawing, samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics (total motility, motility duration, velocities, and wobble - WOB), morphology and membrane and DNA integrity. The treatments containing egg yolk improved significantly (P<0.05) results when compared the control for the membrane integrity parameter. When compared to other treatments, egg yolk, at any concentration, presented higher results (P<0.05) for membrane integrity, total motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL) and average path velocity (VAP) parameters. Egg yolk also showed the best results for WOB, but it did not differ from 5% and 8% lactose and 5% and 20% sucrose. Soy lecithin had the lowest percentages of morphologically normal sperm (P<0.05), while the other treatments did not differ from each other. There was no difference regarding DNA integrity data. Thus, 5% egg yolk is indicated as a non-permeable cryoprotectant for P. brevis, in association with 5% glucose and 10% Me2SO.(AU)

Supplementation of cryodiluent medium with sulfated polysaccharides from green seaweeds in the freezing of Colossoma macropomum semen / Suplementação do meio criodiluidor com polissacarídeos sulfatados de macroalgas verdes na congelação do sêmen de Colossoma macropomum

This study proposes to investigate the addition of sulfated polysaccharides (SP) extracted from two species of green seaweeds, Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa, to Colossoma macropomum semen cryodiluent medium. Four concentrations of SP (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 mg mL-1) of each seaweed were evaluated. Semen was collected during the month of September in Fortaleza - CE, Brazil. Fresh semen samples were analyzed for the parameters of total sperm motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), sperm morphology, membrane integrity, and DNA integrity. Then, the samples were cryopreserved in freezing medium containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + 5% glucose, which was supplemented with different concentrations of SP. An unsupplemented treatment was used as control. After 15 days, they were thawed in a water bath at 45 ºC for eight seconds and the same analyses of fresh semen were performed. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the different tested concentrations of SP for any of the evaluated parameters. Compared with the control, there was no difference in concentrations (p > 0.05) for total motility; however, for VCL, VSL, and VAP, the U. lactuca concentrations of 3.0 and 4.0 mg mL-1 were detrimental (p < 0.05). The same was observed with 4.0 mg mL-1 of C. racemosa for VSL and VAP. In terms of morphology, 1.0 and 4.0 mg mL-1 of C. racemosa reduced normal sperm (p < 0.05), whereas for the other concentrations there was no difference (p > 0.05). All concentrations of both seaweeds maintained plasma membrane integrity (p > 0.05). As for DNA integrity, only 4.0 mg mL-1 of U. lactuca produced lower results than the control (p < 0.05), whereas the other concentrations maintained the number of spermatozoa with intact DNA (p > 0.05). Based on the results, higher concentrations of SP are harmful to tambaqui sperm in the freezing medium, whereas lower concentrations maintain sperm parameters. Further research is warranted to better investigate the antioxidant potential of these polymers in cryodiluent medium for C. macropomum as well as other fish species.

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a adição de polissacarídeos sulfatados (PS) extraídos de duas espécies de macroalgas verdes, Ulva lactuca e Caulerpa racemosa, no meio criodiluidor do sêmen de Colossoma macropomum. Para isso, foram avaliadas quatro concentrações de PS (1,0; 2,0; 3,0 ou 4,0 mg mL-1), de cada macroalga. A coleta de sêmen foi realizada durante o mês de setembro, em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. As amostras de sêmen fresco foram analisadas quanto aos parâmetros de motilidade total dos espermatozoides, velocidade curvilinear (VCL), velocidade em linha reta (VSL), velocidade média do trajeto (VAP), morfologia espermática, integridade de membrana e integridade de DNA. Em seguida, foram criopreservadas em meio de congelação contendo dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) 10% + glicose 5%, e suplementadas com as diferentes concentrações de PS, tendo ainda um tratamento não suplementado como controle. Após 15 dias, foram descongeladas em banho-maria a 45 ºC por oito segundos, e as mesmas análises do sêmen fresco foram realizadas. Através da análise estatística, os resultados mostraram que não houveram diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) entre as diferentes concentrações de PS testadas para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Já em relação ao controle, não houve diferença nas concentrações (p > 0,05) para a motilidade total, no entanto, para VCL, VSL e VAP, as concentrações de 3,0 e 4,0 mg mL-1 de U. lactuca foram prejudiciais (p < 0,05). O mesmo foi observado em 4,0 mg mL-1 de C. racemosa para VSL e VAP. Para a morfologia, 1,0 e 4,0 mg mL-1 de C. racemosa reduziram os espermatozoides normais (p < 0,05), enquanto para as demais concentrações não houve diferença (p > 0,05). Para todas as concentrações de ambas as macroalgas, a integridade de membrana plasmática foi mantida (p > 0,05). Quanto à integridade do DNA, apenas 4,0 mg mL-1 de U. lactuca foi inferior ao controle (p < 0,05), enquanto as demais concentrações mantiveram o número de espermatozoides com DNA íntegro (p > 0,05). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concentrações mais elevadas de PS são prejudiciais aos espermatozoides de tambaqui no meio de congelação, enquanto concentrações mais baixas mantiveram parâmetros espermáticos. Estudos posteriores são indicados para melhor avaliar o potencial antioxidante destes polímeros no meio criodiluidor do sêmen de C. macropomum, bem como de outras espécies de peixes.

Determinação e diferenciação sexual em peixes teleósteos: papel dos fatores ambientais e genéticos / Sexual determination and differentiation in teleost fish: the role of environmental and genetic factors

Peixes teleósteos possuem diversas maneiras de determinação e diferenciação sexual. De modo que, fatores genéticos e ambientais podem atuar interagindo para determinar o sexo e agir sobre a diferenciação das gônadas desses animais. Os fatores ambientais atuam de diferentes formas para determinar o sexo de peixe, uma vez que sua ação é dependente da espécie. Fatores como temperatura, pH, densidade populacional e poluição podem causara masculinização ou feminização, agindo principalmente sobre os hormônios sexuais e muitas vezes causando a apoptose ovariana e, consequentemente, promovendo a masculinização. Já a determinação genética se dar por cromossomos sexuais (sistema monogênico) ou por ação autossômica (sistema poligênica). No sistema monogênico já foram observados vários modelos de cromossomos sexuais, sendo os principais XX/XY (machos heterogaméticos) e ZW/ZZ (fêmeas heterogaméticas). Com isso, é possível observar que os peixes teleósteos possuem uma grande diversidade de determinação sexual e diferenciação gonadal.

Teleost fish have various forms of sexual determination and differentiation. Genetic and environmental factors can interact to determine sex and act on the differentiation of the gonads of these animals. Environmental factors act in different ways to determine the sex of the fish, as their action depend on the species. Factors such as temperature, pH, population density and pollution can cause a masculinization or a feminization, by acting on the hormones and, often, the ovarian apoptosis. The genetic determination is given by the sexual chromosome (monogenic system) or by the autosomal action (polygenic system). In the monogenic system several models of sexual chromosomes were observed, the main ones being XX / XY (heterogeneous males) and ZW / ZZ(heterogeneous females). With this, it is possible to observe that teleost possess a great amplitude of sexual determination and gonadal differentiation.

Determinação e diferenciação sexual em peixes teleósteos: papel dos fatores ambientais e genéticos / Sexual determination and differentiation in teleost fish: the role of environmental and genetic factors

Peixes teleósteos possuem diversas maneiras de determinação e diferenciação sexual. De modo que, fatores genéticos e ambientais podem atuar interagindo para determinar o sexo e agir sobre a diferenciação das gônadas desses animais. Os fatores ambientais atuam de diferentes formas para determinar o sexo de peixe, uma vez que sua ação é dependente da espécie. Fatores como temperatura, pH, densidade populacional e poluição podem causara masculinização ou feminização, agindo principalmente sobre os hormônios sexuais e muitas vezes causando a apoptose ovariana e, consequentemente, promovendo a masculinização. Já a determinação genética se dar por cromossomos sexuais (sistema monogênico) ou por ação autossômica (sistema poligênica). No sistema monogênico já foram observados vários modelos de cromossomos sexuais, sendo os principais XX/XY (machos heterogaméticos) e ZW/ZZ (fêmeas heterogaméticas). Com isso, é possível observar que os peixes teleósteos possuem uma grande diversidade de determinação sexual e diferenciação gonadal.(AU)

Teleost fish have various forms of sexual determination and differentiation. Genetic and environmental factors can interact to determine sex and act on the differentiation of the gonads of these animals. Environmental factors act in different ways to determine the sex of the fish, as their action depend on the species. Factors such as temperature, pH, population density and pollution can cause a masculinization or a feminization, by acting on the hormones and, often, the ovarian apoptosis. The genetic determination is given by the sexual chromosome (monogenic system) or by the autosomal action (polygenic system). In the monogenic system several models of sexual chromosomes were observed, the main ones being XX / XY (heterogeneous males) and ZW / ZZ(heterogeneous females). With this, it is possible to observe that teleost possess a great amplitude of sexual determination and gonadal differentiation.(AU)

Use of glycosaminoglycans from Oreochromisniloticus skin as an antioxidant supplement for milt cryopreservation of Brazilian bocachico / Uso de glicosaminoglicanos da pele Oreochromis niloticus como suplemento antioxidante na criopreservação de sêmen de curimatã comum (Prochilodus brevis)

The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant action of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from the skinof Oreochromis niloticus, and to determine their ideal concentration to supplement the sperm freezing medium of Prochilodus brevis. In experiment 1, the in vitro antioxidant properties of GAGs were verified through the analysis of DPPH, chelating ferrous ability, and total antioxidant capacity. In experiment 2, milt pools were formed, which were frozen in solution supplemented or not with different GAGs concentrations: 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, or 5.0 mg mL-¹ (total of 10 treatments). The samples were evaluated for membrane integrity, DNA integrity, sperm morphology, and sperm kinetics. The results of experiment 1 showed that the GAGs exhibited, with the increase of the concentration, significant antioxidant action, for all the evaluated tests, mainly in the chelating ferrous ability. In experiment 2, it was observed that the increase of GAGs concentration decreased kinetic parameters (P < 0.05), however, the control and 0.5 mg mL-1 GAGs concentration showed similar results. For the other parameters (membrane integrity, DNA integrity, and sperm morphology), there was no decrease in results with the increase of GAGs concentration. In conclusion, GAGs extracted from O. niloticus skin have antioxidant action, and the concentration of 0.5 mg mL-¹ was the most adequate to supplement the P. brevis sperm-freezing medium.

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a ação antioxidante de glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) da pele de Oreochromis niloticus e determinar sua concentração ideal para suplementar o meio de congelação espermático de Prochilodus brevis. No experimento 1, foram verificadas as propriedades antioxidantes in vitro dos GAGs por meio das análises de DPPH, capacidade quelante do ferro e capacidade antioxidante total. No experimento 2, foram formados pool de sêmen, que foram congelados em solução suplementada, ou não, com diferentes concentrações de GAGs: 0 (controle); 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5 ou5,0 mg mL-¹ (total de 10 tratamentos). As amostras foram avaliadas quanto à integridade da membrana, integridade do DNA, morfologia e cinética espermática. Os resultados do experimento 1, mostraram que os GAGs exibiram, com o aumento da concentração, ação antioxidante significativa, para todos os testes avaliados, principalmente na capacidade quelante do ferro. No experimento 2, observou-se que o aumento da concentração de GAGs diminuiu os parâmetros cinéticos (P < 0,05), porém o controle e a concentração de 0,5 mg mL-1 de GAGs apresentaram resultados semelhantes. Para os demais parâmetros (morfologia, integridade de membrana e de DNA), não houve diminuição dos resultados com o aumento da concentração de GAGs. Em conclusão, os GAGs, extraídos da pele de O. niloticus, possuem ação antioxidante, sendo a concentração de 0,5 mg mL-1 a mais adequada para suplementar o meio de congelação espermático de P. brevis.

Use of glycosaminoglycans from Oreochromisniloticus skin as an antioxidant supplement for milt cryopreservation of Brazilian bocachico / Uso de glicosaminoglicanos da pele Oreochromis niloticus como suplemento antioxidante na criopreservação de sêmen de curimatã comum (Prochilodus brevis)

The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant action of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from the skinof Oreochromis niloticus, and to determine their ideal concentration to supplement the sperm freezing medium of Prochilodus brevis. In experiment 1, the in vitro antioxidant properties of GAGs were verified through the analysis of DPPH, chelating ferrous ability, and total antioxidant capacity. In experiment 2, milt pools were formed, which were frozen in solution supplemented or not with different GAGs concentrations: 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, or 5.0 mg mL-¹ (total of 10 treatments). The samples were evaluated for membrane integrity, DNA integrity, sperm morphology, and sperm kinetics. The results of experiment 1 showed that the GAGs exhibited, with the increase of the concentration, significant antioxidant action, for all the evaluated tests, mainly in the chelating ferrous ability. In experiment 2, it was observed that the increase of GAGs concentration decreased kinetic parameters (P < 0.05), however, the control and 0.5 mg mL-1 GAGs concentration showed similar results. For the other parameters (membrane integrity, DNA integrity, and sperm morphology), there was no decrease in results with the increase of GAGs concentration. In conclusion, GAGs extracted from O. niloticus skin have antioxidant action, and the concentration of 0.5 mg mL-¹ was the most adequate to supplement the P. brevis sperm-freezing medium.(AU)

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a ação antioxidante de glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) da pele de Oreochromis niloticus e determinar sua concentração ideal para suplementar o meio de congelação espermático de Prochilodus brevis. No experimento 1, foram verificadas as propriedades antioxidantes in vitro dos GAGs por meio das análises de DPPH, capacidade quelante do ferro e capacidade antioxidante total. No experimento 2, foram formados pool de sêmen, que foram congelados em solução suplementada, ou não, com diferentes concentrações de GAGs: 0 (controle); 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5 ou5,0 mg mL-¹ (total de 10 tratamentos). As amostras foram avaliadas quanto à integridade da membrana, integridade do DNA, morfologia e cinética espermática. Os resultados do experimento 1, mostraram que os GAGs exibiram, com o aumento da concentração, ação antioxidante significativa, para todos os testes avaliados, principalmente na capacidade quelante do ferro. No experimento 2, observou-se que o aumento da concentração de GAGs diminuiu os parâmetros cinéticos (P < 0,05), porém o controle e a concentração de 0,5 mg mL-1 de GAGs apresentaram resultados semelhantes. Para os demais parâmetros (morfologia, integridade de membrana e de DNA), não houve diminuição dos resultados com o aumento da concentração de GAGs. Em conclusão, os GAGs, extraídos da pele de O. niloticus, possuem ação antioxidante, sendo a concentração de 0,5 mg mL-1 a mais adequada para suplementar o meio de congelação espermático de P. brevis.(AU)

Uso de gema de ovo em diferentes concentrações na congelação espermática de Prochilodus brevis e sua influência em parâmetros cinéticos / Use of egg yolk on Prochilodus brevis sperm freezing and its influence on kinect parameters

Prochilodus brevis is a fish species with an important ecological and economic role. Therefore, its captive breeding, together with sperm cryopreservation, come as an alternative to improve its availability. To perform sperm cryopreservation with quality results, it is necessary to develop studies on cryomedia composition, such as non-permeable cryoprotectants. The aim of the study was to test the efficacy of two non-permeable cryoprotectants on post-thawed kinetic parameters of Prochilodus brevis sperm. Twenty reproductive mature P. brevis males were selected and induced to sperm with carp pituitary extract. The sperm was collected, and five pools were made. Pools were diluted in 5% glucose and 10% DMSO added or not with three different concentrations of egg yolk (5; 10 or 12%). The samples were placed on French straws, frozen in dry shipper and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, the kinetic analyses of computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) were performed. There were no significant differences between the total motility of the control (60.48%) and treatments (49.0; 47.8 and 51.68%, respectively). The other kinetic parameters also showed no statistical difference. Thus, there is no need to use egg yolk in the freezing of P. brevis sperm when using a glucose and DMSO extender.

Uso de gema de ovo em diferentes concentrações na congelação espermática de Prochilodus brevis e sua influência em parâmetros cinéticos / Use of egg yolk on Prochilodus brevis sperm freezing and its influence on kinect parameters

Prochilodus brevis is a fish species with an important ecological and economic role. Therefore, its captive breeding, together with sperm cryopreservation, come as an alternative to improve its availability. To perform sperm cryopreservation with quality results, it is necessary to develop studies on cryomedia composition, such as non-permeable cryoprotectants. The aim of the study was to test the efficacy of two non-permeable cryoprotectants on post-thawed kinetic parameters of Prochilodus brevis sperm. Twenty reproductive mature P. brevis males were selected and induced to sperm with carp pituitary extract. The sperm was collected, and five pools were made. Pools were diluted in 5% glucose and 10% DMSO added or not with three different concentrations of egg yolk (5; 10 or 12%). The samples were placed on French straws, frozen in dry shipper and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, the kinetic analyses of computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) were performed. There were no significant differences between the total motility of the control (60.48%) and treatments (49.0; 47.8 and 51.68%, respectively). The other kinetic parameters also showed no statistical difference. Thus, there is no need to use egg yolk in the freezing of P. brevis sperm when using a glucose and DMSO extender.(AU)

Influência de polissacarídeos sulfatados sobre a motilidade e morfologia espermática pós descongelação de Prochilodus brevis / (Influence of sulfated polysaccharides on post-thawing sperm motility and morphology of Prochilodus brevis

This research aims to verify the influence of sulfated polysaccharides, extracted from the skin of tilapia, on the after thawing motility and morphology of P. brevis sperm. For this, 17 males were hormonally induced to reproduce, through the application of two doses of pituitary carp extract, 0.4 and 4.0mg kg-1. After the seminal collection, objective analyzes were performed and samples with motility greater than 80% were selected to form the pools. Then, the pools were frozen in solution supplemented, or not, with different concentrations of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): 0 (control); 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5; 4.0; 4.5 or 5.0mg mL-¹ (total of 10 treatments). The samples were placed in 0.25 mL French straws and submitted to an equilibrium time of 10 minutes at 4 ºC. Then, they were kept in the dry shipper for 15 minutes and finally stored in liquid nitrogen. After 15 days, samples were thawed in a water bath at 30 ºC for 16 seconds and evaluated for sperm motility and morphology. Thus, it was observed that the increase in GAGs caused a decrease in sperm motility, however the control and the concentration of 0.5mg mL-¹ presented very similar data. On the other hand, no decrease in normal sperm was observed with an increase in the concentration of GAGs. Therefore, it is concluded that the lowest concentration of GAGs is the most adequate to supplement the sperm freezing medium.

Influência de polissacarídeos sulfatados sobre a motilidade e morfologia espermática pós descongelação de Prochilodus brevis / (Influence of sulfated polysaccharides on post-thawing sperm motility and morphology of Prochilodus brevis

This research aims to verify the influence of sulfated polysaccharides, extracted from the skin of tilapia, on the after thawing motility and morphology of P. brevis sperm. For this, 17 males were hormonally induced to reproduce, through the application of two doses of pituitary carp extract, 0.4 and 4.0mg kg-1. After the seminal collection, objective analyzes were performed and samples with motility greater than 80% were selected to form the pools. Then, the pools were frozen in solution supplemented, or not, with different concentrations of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): 0 (control); 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5; 4.0; 4.5 or 5.0mg mL-¹ (total of 10 treatments). The samples were placed in 0.25 mL French straws and submitted to an equilibrium time of 10 minutes at 4 ºC. Then, they were kept in the dry shipper for 15 minutes and finally stored in liquid nitrogen. After 15 days, samples were thawed in a water bath at 30 ºC for 16 seconds and evaluated for sperm motility and morphology. Thus, it was observed that the increase in GAGs caused a decrease in sperm motility, however the control and the concentration of 0.5mg mL-¹ presented very similar data. On the other hand, no decrease in normal sperm was observed with an increase in the concentration of GAGs. Therefore, it is concluded that the lowest concentration of GAGs is the most adequate to supplement the sperm freezing medium.(AU)

Desenho de primers e estudo da estrutura genética em pepino do mar / Primers drawing and structure study genetics in pepino sea cucumbers

Os pepinos do mar são equinodermatas muito importantes tanto ecologicamente quanto economicamente. A exploração desse animal, principalmente de espécimes de Holothuria grisea, tem aumentado devido à recente descoberta de moléculas bioativas de interesse para a indústria farmacêutica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar microssatélites que podem ser interessantes para o manejo reprodutivo e populacional dessa espécie. Para isso foi utilizado sequenciamento de nova geração seguido de identificação pelo software SSR pipeline. Foram identificados 3 microssatélites para loci diferentes, sendo um com possível aplicação na diferenciação sexual entre espécimes, além de variabilidade genética populacional bem conservada.

Sea cucumbers are very important echinodermata both ecologically and economically. The exploitation of this animal, mainly of Holothuria grisea specimens, has increased due to the recent discovery of bioactive molecules of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this work was to identify microsatellites that may be interesting for the reproductive and population management of this species. For this, new generation sequencing was used followed by identification by the SSR pipeline software. Three microsatellites were identified for different loci, one with possible application in the sexual differentiation between specimens, in addition to well conserved population genetic variability.

Desenho de primers e estudo da estrutura genética em pepino do mar / Primers drawing and structure study genetics in pepino sea cucumbers

Os pepinos do mar são equinodermatas muito importantes tanto ecologicamente quanto economicamente. A exploração desse animal, principalmente de espécimes de Holothuria grisea, tem aumentado devido à recente descoberta de moléculas bioativas de interesse para a indústria farmacêutica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar microssatélites que podem ser interessantes para o manejo reprodutivo e populacional dessa espécie. Para isso foi utilizado sequenciamento de nova geração seguido de identificação pelo software SSR pipeline. Foram identificados 3 microssatélites para loci diferentes, sendo um com possível aplicação na diferenciação sexual entre espécimes, além de variabilidade genética populacional bem conservada.(AU)

Sea cucumbers are very important echinodermata both ecologically and economically. The exploitation of this animal, mainly of Holothuria grisea specimens, has increased due to the recent discovery of bioactive molecules of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this work was to identify microsatellites that may be interesting for the reproductive and population management of this species. For this, new generation sequencing was used followed by identification by the SSR pipeline software. Three microsatellites were identified for different loci, one with possible application in the sexual differentiation between specimens, in addition to well conserved population genetic variability.(AU)

Capacidade fecundante do sêmen congelado de Prochilodus brevis / Fertilizing capacity of the cryopreserved sperm of Prochilodus brevis

Background: Seminal cryopreservation is a technique that optimizes aquacultural production, as it requires less breedingand enables reproduction outside of the breeding season. This technique also helps to preserve species, thus reducing thepressure on the natural stocks. Several studies have sought to develop freezing protocols that result in semen of a goodquality. However, some studies do not evaluate the ability of frozen semen to produce viable larvae. Therefore, the aimof this study was to verify the fertilizing capacity of the frozen semen of Prochilodus brevis.Materials, Methods & Results: Semen from twenty adult males of the Brazilian bocachico was collected and evaluatedto establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, membrane integrity, pH,and concentration. Six pools were formed, each of which was diluted in a freezing medium containing 5% glucose with10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 5% glucose with 10% methyl glycol (MG). The samples were loaded into 0.25 mLFrench straws, frozen in a dry shipper, and stored in a liquid nitrogen canister. The semen was then thawed and evaluatedto establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, and membrane integrity.For the fertilization test, four females were used. The oocytes from each female were divided into three batches and fertilized with either fresh or cryopreserved semen. The rates of fertilization, hatching, and larval survival were then measured.Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using SAS (2002). The frozen semen with glucose +DMSO was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the frozen semen with glucose + MG, in all seminal quality parametersevaluated (63.95 ± 15.88% and 25.36 ± 3.53% for the motility, 36.38 ± 7.02 μm.s-1 and 20.45 ± 2.84 μm.s-1 for the curvilinear velocity, 19.26 ± 2.74 μm.s-1 and...

Capacidade fecundante do sêmen congelado de Prochilodus brevis / Fertilizing capacity of the cryopreserved sperm of Prochilodus brevis

Background: Seminal cryopreservation is a technique that optimizes aquacultural production, as it requires less breedingand enables reproduction outside of the breeding season. This technique also helps to preserve species, thus reducing thepressure on the natural stocks. Several studies have sought to develop freezing protocols that result in semen of a goodquality. However, some studies do not evaluate the ability of frozen semen to produce viable larvae. Therefore, the aimof this study was to verify the fertilizing capacity of the frozen semen of Prochilodus brevis.Materials, Methods & Results: Semen from twenty adult males of the Brazilian bocachico was collected and evaluatedto establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, membrane integrity, pH,and concentration. Six pools were formed, each of which was diluted in a freezing medium containing 5% glucose with10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 5% glucose with 10% methyl glycol (MG). The samples were loaded into 0.25 mLFrench straws, frozen in a dry shipper, and stored in a liquid nitrogen canister. The semen was then thawed and evaluatedto establish the total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, and membrane integrity.For the fertilization test, four females were used. The oocytes from each female were divided into three batches and fertilized with either fresh or cryopreserved semen. The rates of fertilization, hatching, and larval survival were then measured.Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using SAS (2002). The frozen semen with glucose +DMSO was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the frozen semen with glucose + MG, in all seminal quality parametersevaluated (63.95 ± 15.88% and 25.36 ± 3.53% for the motility, 36.38 ± 7.02 μm.s-1 and 20.45 ± 2.84 μm.s-1 for the curvilinear velocity, 19.26 ± 2.74 μm.s-1 and...(AU)

Conservação de gametas e embriões de peixes teleósteos / Preservation of gametes and embryo of teleost fish

Objetivou-se com este manuscrito realizar uma breve revisão sobre técnicas de reprodução assistida utilizadas para peixes, apresentando uma visão geral sobre a conservação de gametas e embriões e os avanços tecnológicos já alcançados. Contextualizando com sua importância para a preservação de material genética e aplicação comercial.(AU)

The aim of this manuscript was to conduct a brief review about assisted reproduction techniques used to fish, presenting an overview of the gametes and embryos conservation and technological advances already achieved in this field. Contextualizing to their importance for the preservation of genetic material and commercial application.(AU)

Conservação de gametas e embriões de peixes teleósteos / Preservation of gametes and embryo of teleost fish

Objetivou-se com este manuscrito realizar uma breve revisão sobre técnicas de reprodução assistida utilizadas para peixes, apresentando uma visão geral sobre a conservação de gametas e embriões e os avanços tecnológicos já alcançados. Contextualizando com sua importância para a preservação de material genética e aplicação comercial.

The aim of this manuscript was to conduct a brief review about assisted reproduction techniques used to fish, presenting an overview of the gametes and embryos conservation and technological advances already achieved in this field. Contextualizing to their importance for the preservation of genetic material and commercial application.