Animal abuse and interpersonal violence from the perspective of veterinarians from Paraíba State, Brazil / Maus-tratos aos animais e violência interpessoal sobre a perspectiva dos Médicos Veterinários do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil

This study aimed to obtain information about the knowledge and attitudes of veterinarians in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, regarding the care of abused animals, the profile of possible aggressors, and their perceptions of the relationship between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence. For this purpose, an online survey containing 21 questions was made available to veterinarians registered in the Regional Veterinary Medicine Council of Paraíba (CRMV - PB). The chi-square test with a 5% significance level (p < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. According to the interviewees, 70.7% (53/75) of the abuse victims were small animals. Negligence (68% [51/75]) and the absence of medical care (68% [51/75]) were the most evident forms of abuse. Furthermore, 82.7% (62/75) of them believed in the relationship between animal maltreatment and interpersonal violence. In addition, 90.7% (68/75) of the interviewees responded that they have not experienced technical difficulty in identifying maltreatment. However, 48% (36/75) stated to not know the animal abuse law, 90.7% (68/75) did not report the aggressors, and 81.3% (61/75) stated that the absence of measures by the competent public bodies makes it harder to report the abuse. This study concluded that these professionals will, at some point in their clinical routine, encounter situations of animal maltreatment and human violence, as they are in a privileged position to identify such acts. However, they need more normative knowledge about animal abuse crimes.(AU)

Objetivou-se com esse estudo a obtenção de informações a respeito do conhecimento e atitudes dos Médicos Veterinários do estado da Paraíba, Brasil, acerca dos atendimentos de animais vítimas de maustratos, o perfil dos possíveis agressores e de suas percepções a respeito da conexão entre maus-tratos animais e violência interpessoal. Para tanto foi disponibilizada pesquisa online contendo 21 questões a todos Médicos Veterinários inscritos no Conselho Regional de Medicina Veterinária da Paraíba (CRMV-PB). Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste de Qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5% (p<0.05). Segundo os Médicos Veterinários entrevistados, 70,7% (53/75) das vítimas de maus-tratos eram pequenos animais, sendo a negligência [68% (51/75)] e a ausência de atendimento médico [68% (51/75)] os maustratos mais evidenciados. Adicionalmente, 82,7% (62/75) deles acreditavam na conexão entre maustratos animais e violência interpessoal e 90,7% (68/75) responderam não sentir dificuldade técnica em identificar maus-tratos, porém, 48% (36/75) não conheciam a lei que trata sobre os maus-tratos animais, 90,7% (68/75) não realizaram denúncia contra os agressores, e 81,3% (61/75) afirmaram que a ausência de providências por parte dos órgãos públicos competentes dificulta a denúncia. Conclui-se que esses profissionais irão em algum momento de sua rotina clínica se deparar com situações de maus-tratos a animais e violência humana, pois estão em posição privilegiada para identificar tais atos, entretanto, precisam de mais conhecimento normativo sobre os crimes de maus-tratos aos animais.(AU)

Renal resistivity index as an aid in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury in bitches with pyometra / Índice de resistividade renal como auxiliar no diagnóstico de lesão renal aguda em cadelas com piometra

This study aimed to evaluate the renal function of six bitches of various breeds and ages, with open pyometra, attended in the Small Animal Medical Clinic sector of the Veterinary Hospital from Federal University of Campina Grande, through the measurement of laboratory tests: urea and creatinine serum, dosage of the urinary Protein-Creatinine Ratio (PCR), urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and determination of the renal resistivity index (RI). The levels of urea and creatinine were elevated in 16.6% (1/6) of the female dogs; the urinary protein-creatinine ratio was increased in 66.6% (4/6), while the urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase value was elevated in 50% (3/6). The renal resistivity index was increased in the right and left kidneys by 66.6% (4/6) of bitches, with no statistical difference between them. It was concluded that the renal resistivity index was a practical and effective method to assist in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury, along with other early markers, such as PCR and urinary GGT.

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a função renal de seis cadelas com piometra aberta, de variadas raças e ida-des, atendidas no setor de Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, através da mensuração dos exames laboratoriais: ureia e creatinina séricas, dosagem da relação proteína/creatinina (RPC) urinária, gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) urinária e determinação do índice de resistividade (IR) renal. Os níveis de ureia e creatinina apresentaram-se elevados em 16,6% (1/6) das cadelas, a relação proteína:creatinina urinária estava aumen-tada em 66,6% (4/6), enquanto o valor de gama-glutamiltransferase urinária encontrou-se elevado em 50% (3/6). O índice de resistividade renal mostrou-se aumentado nos rins direito e esquerdo de 66,6% (4/6) das cadelas, não havendo diferença estatística entre ambos. Concluiu-se que o índice de resistividade renal foi um método prático e eficaz para auxiliar no diag-nóstico da lesão renal aguda, juntamente com outros marcadores precoces, como RPC e GGT urinária.

Renal resistivity index as an aid in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury in bitches with pyometra / Índice de resistividade renal como auxiliar no diagnóstico de lesão renal aguda em cadelas com piometra

This study aimed to evaluate the renal function of six bitches of various breeds and ages, with open pyometra, attended in the Small Animal Medical Clinic sector of the Veterinary Hospital from Federal University of Campina Grande, through the measurement of laboratory tests: urea and creatinine serum, dosage of the urinary Protein-Creatinine Ratio (PCR), urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and determination of the renal resistivity index (RI). The levels of urea and creatinine were elevated in 16.6% (1/6) of the female dogs; the urinary protein-creatinine ratio was increased in 66.6% (4/6), while the urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase value was elevated in 50% (3/6). The renal resistivity index was increased in the right and left kidneys by 66.6% (4/6) of bitches, with no statistical difference between them. It was concluded that the renal resistivity index was a practical and effective method to assist in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury, along with other early markers, such as PCR and urinary GGT.(AU)

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a função renal de seis cadelas com piometra aberta, de variadas raças e ida-des, atendidas no setor de Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, através da mensuração dos exames laboratoriais: ureia e creatinina séricas, dosagem da relação proteína/creatinina (RPC) urinária, gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) urinária e determinação do índice de resistividade (IR) renal. Os níveis de ureia e creatinina apresentaram-se elevados em 16,6% (1/6) das cadelas, a relação proteína:creatinina urinária estava aumen-tada em 66,6% (4/6), enquanto o valor de gama-glutamiltransferase urinária encontrou-se elevado em 50% (3/6). O índice de resistividade renal mostrou-se aumentado nos rins direito e esquerdo de 66,6% (4/6) das cadelas, não havendo diferença estatística entre ambos. Concluiu-se que o índice de resistividade renal foi um método prático e eficaz para auxiliar no diag-nóstico da lesão renal aguda, juntamente com outros marcadores precoces, como RPC e GGT urinária.(AU)

Prednisolone associated with doxycycline on the hematological parameters and serum proteinogram of dogs with ehrlichiosis / Efeitos da influência da prednisolona associada à doxiciclina nos parâmetros hematológicos e proteinograma sérico de cães com erliquiose

The objective of the present study was to assess the treatment of dogs with ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia (TCP)) with doxycycline hydrochloride associated or not with prednisolone on the hematological profile and serum proteins. Ten dogs with TCP were selected in the Small Animal Medical Clinic Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande-UFCG-PB, Brazil. The diagnosis was obtained by clinical examination, hemogram and immunochromatographic test (with anti Ehrlichia canis antibodies). Samples were distributed randomly in two experimental groups of five animals each (n = 5), named GD and GDP. The GD group was treated with doxycycline (5 mg/kg, VO, BID for 28 days) and the GDP group was treated with doxycycline at the same dose and duration and prednisolone (2 mg/kg, VO, BID, for five days). Four blood collections were made during the treatment period: a base collection (M0), one at 10 days (M10), a second at 21 days (M21) and another at the end of the treatment (M28). These samples were used for the tests erythrogram, leucogram, plateletgram and proteinogram (dose of total proteins, pre-albumin, albumin, albumin, -1 globulin, -2 globulin, ß-globulin, -globulin and C- reactive protein) in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital-UFCG-PB. Results, that presented normal distribution, was submitted to the Tukey test (P 0.05). Comparison of treatments GD and GDP showed that both promoted discreet and similar response in the hematological parameters at different times. Results obtained allowed the conclusion that both therapeutic protocols resulted in clinical, hematological parameter and proteinogram improvement, but the use of prednisolone at the dose administered during the first five days of treatment did not show more beneficial effects than isolated administration of doxycycline.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento de cães com erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) com cloridrato de doxiciclina associada ou não à prednisolona sobre o perfil hematológico e de proteínas séricas. Foram selecionados, na Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), 10 cães com EMC. O diagnóstico foi obtido através de exame clínico, hemograma e teste de imunoensaio imunocromatográfico (com anticorpos anti Ehrlichia canis). As amostras foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais, com cinco animais cada (n=5), denominados GD e GDP. O grupo GD foi tratado com doxiciclina (5 mg/kg, VO, BID durante 28 dias) e o grupo GDP, tratado com doxiciclina na mesma dose e duração e prednisolona (2 mg/kg, VO, BID, durante 5 dias). Durante o período de tratamento, foram realizadas quatro coletas de sangue; uma coleta basal (M0), uma com 10 dias (M10), uma aos 21 dias (M21) e outra ao final do tratamento (M28). Dessas amostras foram realizados eritrograma, leucograma, plaquetograma e proteinograma (dosagem de proteínas totais, pré-albumina, albumina, -1 globulina, -2 globulina, ß-globulina, -globulina e proteína C-reativa) no Laboratório de Patologia Clínica do Hospital Veterinário da UFCG. Os resultados que apresentaram distribuição normal foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey (P 0,05). Ao comparar os tratamentos GD e GDP, observou-se que os dois promoveram resposta discreta e semelhante dos parâmetros hematológicos nos diferentes momentos. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que ambos os protocolos terapêuticos resultaram em melhora clínica e dos parâmetros hematológicos e do proteinograma. Porém, o uso da prednisolona na dose empregada durante os primeiros cinco dias de tratamento não demonstrou efeitos mais benéficos do que a administração isolada da doxiciclina.(AU)

Anestesia de cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) com dextrocetamina e midazolam / Anesthesia of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) with dextroketamine and midazolam

Research has increasingly focused on wild animals, and this requires the use of chemical restraints that are safe for both the species and the team involved. Dextroketamine is the levorotatory ketamine isomer that has been used on domestic species as an alternative that is more potent and safer than the racemic form. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that induces muscle relaxation and minimal cardiorespiratory changes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combination of dextroketamine and midazolam can be safely used for the chemical restraint of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), and the effects of this protocol on physiological and anesthetic parameters. This study was carried out under conditions similar to those found for wild animals in captivity or in zoos. A pre-evaluation was also made to compare the baseline values of this study with those of other studies on the same species. Nine healthy adult agoutis were used, weighing between 1.5 kg and 2 kg. All the parameters were evaluated and recorded before the drugs were applied, and this was considered the baseline moment (M0). The dextroketamine and midazolam combination was then administered intramuscularly, in the same syringe, in dosages of 15 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Successive evaluations were made every 10 min over a period of 40 min (M10, M20, M30 and M40). The latency stage of anesthesia, effective stage and recovery stage were observed. Heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (f), body temperature (BT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) and electrocardiogram were recorded. HR and SBP showed no significant difference between moments. Breathing frequency (f) showed a significant decline at M10 and M20 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). BT decreased from the moment the drugs were administered until the end of the experimental period, with a significant difference between M0 and M40, and M10 and M40 (P < 0.05). SpO2 decreased significantly at M10 and M20 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the duration and amplitude of the P wave or in the duration of the QRS complex, QT interval and amplitude of the R wave. Regarding the PR interval, there was a significant difference only at M40 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). No arrhythmia was observed. An evaluation of the effects of anesthesia indicated that the animals had an average latency stage of 2 min, an effective stage of 87 min, and an average recovery stage of 111 min. Adverse effects observed during the anesthetic recovery period consisted of tearing, salivation, tongue protrusion, vocalization and chewing reflex. The results indicated that the association of anesthetic drugs under study caused minimal changes in the animals' physiological parameters, except for the breathing frequency (f), which declined considerably, resulting in a reduction in SpO2 , which was compensated during the study. In addition, there was a rapid onset of restraint and a satisfactory duration. Thus, from the cardiorespiratory standpoint, the combination of dextroketamine and midazolam in the doses used provides a safe anesthetic protocol for agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) and can be used for the chemical restraint of these animals for the performance of non-invasive and short-term procedures.(AU)

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematologic parameters and morphology of canine oral papillomatosis

Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case. Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts […](AU)

Alterações radiográficas de 131 cães com cardiopatia congestiva / Radiographic alterations of 131 dogs with congestive heart disease

The objective of this study was to describe the radiographic alterations of 131 cardiopatic dogs treated at the Small Animals Medical Clinic, Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande. From January 2007 to December 2012, all clinical records of dogs attended in the routine were selected, by means of selecting animals that had a history, and clinical signs compatible with heart disease. From these, the radiographic examinations were evaluated, describing the alterations found. Cough, fatigue and apathy were the most frequent clinical complaints. Each animal had more than one radiographic alteration, with pulmonary edema (48,1%), HSV greater than 10.5 (42,5%), tracheal dorsal displacement (34,3%), greater contact with the external bone (34,3%) and rounded silhouette (32,8%) the most frequent findings. An extensive knowledge of the radiographic changes related to the cardiological patient should be recognized, in order to aid in the rapid identification of the patients with heart disease.

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematologic parameters and morphology of canine oral papillomatosis

Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case. Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts […]

Alterações radiográficas de 131 cães com cardiopatia congestiva / Radiographic alterations of 131 dogs with congestive heart disease

The objective of this study was to describe the radiographic alterations of 131 cardiopatic dogs treated at the Small Animals Medical Clinic, Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande. From January 2007 to December 2012, all clinical records of dogs attended in the routine were selected, by means of selecting animals that had a history, and clinical signs compatible with heart disease. From these, the radiographic examinations were evaluated, describing the alterations found. Cough, fatigue and apathy were the most frequent clinical complaints. Each animal had more than one radiographic alteration, with pulmonary edema (48,1%), HSV greater than 10.5 (42,5%), tracheal dorsal displacement (34,3%), greater contact with the external bone (34,3%) and rounded silhouette (32,8%) the most frequent findings. An extensive knowledge of the radiographic changes related to the cardiological patient should be recognized, in order to aid in the rapid identification of the patients with heart disease.(AU)

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica por parvovírus diagnosticados pelo método de imunocromatografia / Hematological and biochemical profile of dogs with parvovirus gastroenteritis diagnosed by immunochromatography method

Objetivou-se com a realização deste trabalho determinar as características hematológicas e bioquímicas, de cães acometidos por gastroenterite por Parvovirus, diagnosticados pelo método da imunocromatografia rápida. Foram utilizados cães procedentes de Patos, PB, apresentando sinais de distúrbios gastroentéricos, evidenciados após avaliação clínica geral e laboratorial como quadro gastroentérico infeccioso viral através ensaio imonocromatográfico. O método de imunoensaio cromatográfico empregado neste estudo mostrou-se eficiente no diagnóstico do CPV em cães acometidos por gastroenterite hemorrágica evidenciando de forma precisa o agente primário envolvido. Porém o diagnóstico definitivo não pode ser baseado em apenas um único teste, devendo ser reportado ao profissional Médico Veterinário sua utilização sob aspecto complementar à correlação com outros achados para sua elucidação. Os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa referentes à hematologia e bioquímica sérica apresentaram variações significativas, dignas de serem consideradas frente a achados laboratoriais e suspeita clínica presuntiva de quadros gastroentéricos virais, bem como servirão como valores referenciais para animais acometidos por gastroenterites hemorrágicas, auxiliando clínicos de pequenos animais em sua rotina ambulatorial na elucidação do agente causal.

The objective of this work was to determine the hematological and biochemical characteristics of dogs with parvovirus gastroenteritis diagnosed by rapid immunochromatgraphy method. It was used dogs from Patos municipality, SP, Brazil, showing clinical signs of a gastrointestinal disorder, evident after clinical and laboratory admitted as a general framework gastrointestinal viral infection through testing immunochromatography. The method of chromatographic immunoassay used in this study proved effective in the diagnosis of CPV in dogs affected by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis showing the primary agent involved. However, the diagnosis cannot be based on just a single test, should be reported to the professional veterinarian complementary aspect of its use in correlation with other findings for their elucidation. Data from this survey relating to hematology and serum biochemistry showed significant variations, worthy of considerations before the laboratory finding sand clinical suspicion of presumptive viral gastrointestinal frames, as well as serve as reference values for animals affected by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, helping small animal clinical in their routine outpatient clinic in the elucidation of the causative agent.

Auto-hemoterapia, uma nova ou antiga alternativa terapêutica? Revisão de literatura / Autohemotherapy, a new or old therapeutic alternative? Literature review

Avanços científicos e tecnológicos voltados ao tratamento de diversas enfermidades são hoje responsáveis por proporcionar uma melhor perspectiva e qualidade de vida. Diante dos custos, acessibilidade e efeitos colaterais que alguns destes modelos terapêuticos podem originar, faz-se necessário e é crescente a busca por alternativas que minimizem estes fatores tão indesejados. Neste contexto, há mais de um século, surgiu a auto-hemoterapia. Embora ainda hoje muito questionada e pouco pesquisada, esta terapia vem ganhando espaço nos estudos científicos, demonstrando respostas clínicas às mais diversas patologias tanto para os seres humanos quanto para os animais. Nesta revisão serão abordados aspectos inerentes ao histórico, à técnica, formas de administração, mecanismo de ação, aplicabilidade e contraindicações,visando assim reunir informações que possibilitem uma melhor compreensão sobre este tema.AU

Scientific and technological advances directed at treating various diseases are today responsible for providinga better perspective and quality of life. Due to costs, accessibility and collateral effects that some of these therapeutic models can originate, it is necessary and crescent the research for alternatives that minimize these unwanted factors. In this context, for over a century, arises the autohemotherapy. Although it is still nowadays widely questioned and little investigated this therapy has been gaining space in the scientifics studies, demonstrating clinical responses to several pathologies both human beings and animals. In this review, will be approached aspects inherent in to the historical, technique, forms of administration, mechanism of action, contraindications, and applicability, thus aiming to gather information to enable a better understanding of the topic.AU

Auto-hemoterapia, uma nova ou antiga alternativa terapêutica? Revisão de literatura / Autohemotherapy, a new or old therapeutic alternative? Literature review

Avanços científicos e tecnológicos voltados ao tratamento de diversas enfermidades são hoje responsáveis por proporcionar uma melhor perspectiva e qualidade de vida. Diante dos custos, acessibilidade e efeitos colaterais que alguns destes modelos terapêuticos podem originar, faz-se necessário e é crescente a busca por alternativas que minimizem estes fatores tão indesejados. Neste contexto, há mais de um século, surgiu a auto-hemoterapia. Embora ainda hoje muito questionada e pouco pesquisada, esta terapia vem ganhando espaço nos estudos científicos, demonstrando respostas clínicas às mais diversas patologias tanto para os seres humanos quanto para os animais. Nesta revisão serão abordados aspectos inerentes ao histórico, à técnica, formas de administração, mecanismo de ação, aplicabilidade e contraindicações,visando assim reunir informações que possibilitem uma melhor compreensão sobre este tema.

Scientific and technological advances directed at treating various diseases are today responsible for providinga better perspective and quality of life. Due to costs, accessibility and collateral effects that some of these therapeutic models can originate, it is necessary and crescent the research for alternatives that minimize these unwanted factors. In this context, for over a century, arises the autohemotherapy. Although it is still nowadays widely questioned and little investigated this therapy has been gaining space in the scientifics studies, demonstrating clinical responses to several pathologies both human beings and animals. In this review, will be approached aspects inherent in to the historical, technique, forms of administration, mechanism of action, contraindications, and applicability, thus aiming to gather information to enable a better understanding of the topic.

Sensibilidade “in vitro” de Bactérias Isoladas das Fezes de CãesAcometidos por Parvovirose / In vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated of Feces of Dogs with Parvovirose

Objetivou-se com este estudo evidenciar e avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade e ocorrência de resistênciaantimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas das fezes de cães acometidos por parvovirose. Foram colhidas12 amostras fecais de cães acometidos por gastroenterite hemorrágica por Parvovírus, diagnosticadosatravés do método de imunoensaio cromatográfico. As amostras foram encaminhadas ao Laboratóriode Microbiologia para a realização da identificação bacteriológica e teste de sensibilidadeantimicrobiana. Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que cepas de Escherichia coli forampredominantes nos distúrbios gastroentéricos por Parvovírus. No que se refere a sensibilidade antimicrobiana,considerando as cepas de um modo geral, foram observados maiores índices de sensibilidadea amoxicilina + clavulanato, ampicilina e gentamicina, em contrapartida, altos índices deresistência a cefalotina, neomicina e tetraciclina. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância da realizaçãode análises microbiológicas, bem como o uso racional de antimicrobianos, frente a desordens gastrointestinaisem cães.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evidence and to evaluate the sensibility profile and occurrenceof resistance antimicrobial of isolated bacteria of the feces of dogs attacked by parvovirose. Wecollected fecal samples from 12 dogs affected by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis Parvovirus, diagnosedby the method of chromatographic immunoassay. The samples were sent to the microbiology laboratoryto perform bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Based on theseresults, we conclude that E. coli strains were predominant in the gastrointestinal disturbances byParvovirus in dogs. The antimicrobial sensitivi ty, considering the strains in general, showed higherlevels of sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanate, ampicillin and gentamicin, however, highrates of resistance to cephalothin, neomycin and tetracycline. Thus, it emphasizes the importanceof performing microbiological analyzes as well rational use of antibiotics for treatment of gastrointestinaldisorders in dogs.(AU)

Sensibilidade “in vitro” de Bactérias Isoladas das Fezes de CãesAcometidos por Parvovirose / In vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated of Feces of Dogs with Parvovirose

Objetivou-se com este estudo evidenciar e avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade e ocorrência de resistênciaantimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas das fezes de cães acometidos por parvovirose. Foram colhidas12 amostras fecais de cães acometidos por gastroenterite hemorrágica por Parvovírus, diagnosticadosatravés do método de imunoensaio cromatográfico. As amostras foram encaminhadas ao Laboratóriode Microbiologia para a realização da identificação bacteriológica e teste de sensibilidadeantimicrobiana. Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que cepas de Escherichia coli forampredominantes nos distúrbios gastroentéricos por Parvovírus. No que se refere a sensibilidade antimicrobiana,considerando as cepas de um modo geral, foram observados maiores índices de sensibilidadea amoxicilina + clavulanato, ampicilina e gentamicina, em contrapartida, altos índices deresistência a cefalotina, neomicina e tetraciclina. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância da realizaçãode análises microbiológicas, bem como o uso racional de antimicrobianos, frente a desordens gastrointestinaisem cães.

The objective of this study was to evidence and to evaluate the sensibility profile and occurrenceof resistance antimicrobial of isolated bacteria of the feces of dogs attacked by parvovirose. Wecollected fecal samples from 12 dogs affected by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis Parvovirus, diagnosedby the method of chromatographic immunoassay. The samples were sent to the microbiology laboratoryto perform bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Based on theseresults, we conclude that E. coli strains were predominant in the gastrointestinal disturbances byParvovirus in dogs. The antimicrobial sensitivi ty, considering the strains in general, showed higherlevels of sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanate, ampicillin and gentamicin, however, highrates of resistance to cephalothin, neomycin and tetracycline. Thus, it emphasizes the importanceof performing microbiological analyzes as well rational use of antibiotics for treatment of gastrointestinaldisorders in dogs.

Avaliação citológica da conjuctiva de cães clinicamente sadios pelo método panótipo / Cytological evaluation of conjunctiva in healthy dogs by panoptic method

Foram realizados exames de citologia conjuntival em 30 cães de raças e idades variadas os quais foram distribuídos de acordo com a idade em dois grupos: GI (até um ano de idade) e GII (mais de um ano de idade). As coletas foram realizadas com swab estéril, o qual rotacionado sobre a conjuntiva inferior e ralado levemente sobre lâmina de vidro, obtendo uma quantidade de células suficiente para realização da avaliação, posteriormente coradas com Panóptico Rápido. Foi observado em ambos os grupos células epiteliais das camadas superficial e intermediária. Em + 67% dos animais do GII e em 27% do GI observou-se grande quantidade de células inflamatórias. Conclui-se que a coloração pelo método Panóptico é eficaz para a avaliação citológica e que dos animais não apresentarem alterações oculares evidente, a presença de células inflamatórias é marcante(AU)

The conjunctival cytology exams were performed in 30 dogs of several breeds and ages which were distributed accordingly to the age in groups: GI (animal until 1 year old) and GII (animals over 1 year old). The samples were collected with the use of a sterile swab; which was rotated on the lower conjunctiva, and rolled slightly in sleet of glass, obtaining enough quantity of cells to perform the evaluation, subsequently stained with quick Panoptic. In all smears it was observed the presence of evaluation, subsequently stained with quick Panoptic. In all smears it was observed the presence of epithelial cells of the superficial and intermediary layers. Around 67% of the animals of the GI and 27% of the GII, it was observed a large quantity of inflammatory cells. Concluding that the technique of the Panoptic proved to be efficient to cytological evaluation and therefore the animals didnt have ophthalmic disease evident, the presence of inflammatory cells is significant(AU)

Avaliação citológica da conjuctiva de cães clinicamente sadios pelo método panótipo / Cytological evaluation of conjunctiva in healthy dogs by panoptic method

Foram realizados exames de citologia conjuntival em 30 cães de raças e idades variadas os quais foram distribuídos de acordo com a idade em dois grupos: GI (até um ano de idade) e GII (mais de um ano de idade). As coletas foram realizadas com swab estéril, o qual rotacionado sobre a conjuntiva inferior e ralado levemente sobre lâmina de vidro, obtendo uma quantidade de células suficiente para realização da avaliação, posteriormente coradas com Panóptico Rápido. Foi observado em ambos os grupos células epiteliais das camadas superficial e intermediária. Em + 67% dos animais do GII e em 27% do GI observou-se grande quantidade de células inflamatórias. Conclui-se que a coloração pelo método Panóptico é eficaz para a avaliação citológica e que dos animais não apresentarem alterações oculares evidente, a presença de células inflamatórias é marcante

The conjunctival cytology exams were performed in 30 dogs of several breeds and ages which were distributed accordingly to the age in groups: GI (animal until 1 year old) and GII (animals over 1 year old). The samples were collected with the use of a sterile swab; which was rotated on the lower conjunctiva, and rolled slightly in sleet of glass, obtaining enough quantity of cells to perform the evaluation, subsequently stained with quick Panoptic. In all smears it was observed the presence of evaluation, subsequently stained with quick Panoptic. In all smears it was observed the presence of epithelial cells of the superficial and intermediary layers. Around 67% of the animals of the GI and 27% of the GII, it was observed a large quantity of inflammatory cells. Concluding that the technique of the Panoptic proved to be efficient to cytological evaluation and therefore the animals didn’t have ophthalmic disease evident, the presence of inflammatory cells is significant

Estudo comparativo dos efeitos da associação anestésica cetamina-xilazina ou tiletamina-zolazepam em macacos-prego (Cebus Linnaeus, 1758) / Comparative study of the effects of anesthetic association ketamine-xilazine or tiletaminie-zolazepam in capuchim (cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos das associações anestésicas cetamina-xilazina e tiletamina-zolazepam em macacos-prego. Para tanto, foram utilizados 16 animais adultos, machos e fêmeas, clinicamente saudáveis, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais (CGX e GTZ) de igual número (n=8). Após contenção física, administrou-se aos animais do GCX, por via intramuscular, cetamina (10,g/kg) associada à xilazina (2mg/kg); enquanto nos do GTZ foi administrada a associação de tiletamina-zolazepam (5 mg/kg), pela mesma via. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros fisiológicos: freqüência respiratória (FR); freqüência cardíaca (FC); temperatura corporal (TC); e as variáveis eletrocardiográficas Pms, PR, QRS, QT, RR, PmV, RmV. As coletas dos dados foram feitas de 10 em 10 minutos após a aplicação do anestésico dissociativo (M10, M20 e M30). A avaliação estatística dos dados foi efetuada por meio de ANOVA seguida do teste de Friedman para a comparação dos momentos e o teste de Tukey para a comparação entre os grupos (p>0,05). A FC foi estatísticamente diferente entre os grupos em todos os momentos (GCX M10=137, M20=123 e M30=115; GTZ M10=228, M20=212 e M=30=203). A FR diferiu entre os grupos em M10 (GCX=53 e GTZ=89). A TC reduziu-se ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos, e de forma mais pronunciada no GCX. As variáveis eletrocardiográficas QT e RR foram maiores no CGX em todos os momentos, e a RR no CGX foi maior no M30 do que no M10. No P(mV) o GTZ foi superior ao GCX em M30. Ocorreu sialorréia em 50% dos animais do GTZ e um animal do CGX apresentou taquicardia ventricular sustentada. Concluiu-se que a associação cetamina-xilazina determina depressão cardíaca enquanto que o uso de tiletamina-zolazepam eleva a atividade respiratória com a manifestação de sialorréia em macacos-prego(AU)

The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of the anesthetic associations ketamine-xilazine and tiletamine-zolazepam in monkeys-nail. Was used in this study, 16 adult, male animals and female monkeys, healthful, distributed in two experimental groups (GCX and GTZ) of same number (n=8). After the animals had been contained physically was administrated to GCX, by intramuscular way, ketamine (10mg/kg) plus xylazine (2mg/kg); e to the animals of the GTZ was administrated the association of tiletamine-zolezepam (5mg/kg), for same way. The following physiological parameters had been evaluated: respitory rate (RR); heart hate (HR); corporal temperature (CT); and the electrocardiographic variables Pms, PR, QRS, QT, RR, PmV, RmV. The data was obtained of 10 minutes after the application of the dissociative anaesthetic (M10, M20, and M30). The evaluation statistic of the data was effected by ANOVA followed of the Friemans teste to comparations of moments and the Tukeys test for study among groups (<0,05). The HR was statistically different among the groups in all moments (GCX M10=137, M20=123 and M30=115; GTZ- M10=228, M20=212 and M30=203). The RR was differed between the groups in M10 (GCX=53 and GTZ=89). The CT reduced in both the groups, especially in the GCX. Eletrocardiographic variables QT and RR had beem high in the GCX in all the moments, and the RR in the GCX was bigger in the M30 of what in the M10. In the P (mV) GTZ was tachycardia. Concluded that the ketamine-xylazine association cause depressiom cardiac and that use of tiletamine-zolazepam increase respiratory ativity with the manifestation of sialorrhea in capuchim(AU)

Estudo comparativo dos efeitos da associação anestésica cetamina-xilazina ou tiletamina-zolazepam em macacos-prego (Cebus – Linnaeus, 1758) / Comparative study of the effects of anesthetic association ketamine-xilazine or tiletaminie-zolazepam in capuchim (cebus apella – Linnaeus, 1758

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos das associações anestésicas cetamina-xilazina e tiletamina-zolazepam em macacos-prego. Para tanto, foram utilizados 16 animais adultos, machos e fêmeas, clinicamente saudáveis, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais (CGX e GTZ) de igual número (n=8). Após contenção física, administrou-se aos animais do GCX, por via intramuscular, cetamina (10,g/kg) associada à xilazina (2mg/kg); enquanto nos do GTZ foi administrada a associação de tiletamina-zolazepam (5 mg/kg), pela mesma via. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros fisiológicos: freqüência respiratória (FR); freqüência cardíaca (FC); temperatura corporal (TC); e as variáveis eletrocardiográficas Pms, PR, QRS, QT, RR, PmV, RmV. As coletas dos dados foram feitas de 10 em 10 minutos após a aplicação do anestésico dissociativo (M10, M20 e M30). A avaliação estatística dos dados foi efetuada por meio de ANOVA seguida do teste de Friedman para a comparação dos momentos e o teste de Tukey para a comparação entre os grupos (p>0,05). A FC foi estatísticamente diferente entre os grupos em todos os momentos (GCX – M10=137, M20=123 e M30=115; GTZ – M10=228, M20=212 e M=30=203). A FR diferiu entre os grupos em M10 (GCX=53 e GTZ=89). A TC reduziu-se ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos, e de forma mais pronunciada no GCX. As variáveis eletrocardiográficas QT e RR foram maiores no CGX em todos os momentos, e a RR no CGX foi maior no M30 do que no M10. No P(mV) o GTZ foi superior ao GCX em M30. Ocorreu sialorréia em 50% dos animais do GTZ e um animal do CGX apresentou taquicardia ventricular sustentada. Concluiu-se que a associação cetamina-xilazina determina depressão cardíaca enquanto que o uso de tiletamina-zolazepam eleva a atividade respiratória com a manifestação de sialorréia em macacos-prego

The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of the anesthetic associations ketamine-xilazine and tiletamine-zolazepam in monkeys-nail. Was used in this study, 16 adult, male animals and female monkeys, healthful, distributed in two experimental groups (GCX and GTZ) of same number (n=8). After the animals had been contained physically was administrated to GCX, by intramuscular way, ketamine (10mg/kg) plus xylazine (2mg/kg); e to the animals of the GTZ was administrated the association of tiletamine-zolezepam (5mg/kg), for same way. The following physiological parameters had been evaluated: respitory rate (RR); heart hate (HR); corporal temperature (CT); and the electrocardiographic variables Pms, PR, QRS, QT, RR, PmV, RmV. The data was obtained of 10 minutes after the application of the dissociative anaesthetic (M10, M20, and M30). The evaluation statistic of the data was effected by ANOVA followed of the Frieman’s teste to comparations of moments and the Tukey’s test for study among groups (<0,05). The HR was statistically different among the groups in all moments (GCX – M10=137, M20=123 and M30=115; GTZ- M10=228, M20=212 and M30=203). The RR was differed between the groups in M10 (GCX=53 and GTZ=89). The CT reduced in both the groups, especially in the GCX. Eletrocardiographic variables QT and RR had beem high in the GCX in all the moments, and the RR in the GCX was bigger in the M30 of what in the M10. In the P (mV) GTZ was tachycardia. Concluded that the ketamine-xylazine association cause depressiom cardiac and that use of tiletamine-zolazepam increase respiratory ativity with the manifestation of sialorrhea in capuchim

Alterações eletrocardiográficas e cardiovasculares promovidas pela morfina ou butorfanol em cães anestesiados pelo desfluorano / Alterations on electrocardiographic and cardiovascular variables caused by morphine or butorphanol on desflurane anesthesia in dogs

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da morfina e do butorfanol sobre variáveis eletrocardiográficas e cardiovasculares em cães anestesiados com desfluorano. Para tanto, foram utilizados 30 cães adultos, distribuídos em três grupos (GMF, GBT e GCO). A anestesia foi induzida com propofol (8mg/kg IV) e em seguida os animais foram intubados com sonda de Magill, que foi conectada ao aparelho de anestesia para administração de desfluorano (1,5 CAM). Após 30 minutos, foi aplicado no GMF morfina (1mg/kg IM), no GBT butorfanol (0,4mg/kg IM) e no GCO solução de NaCL a 0,9% (0,05mL/kg IM). Avaliaram-se: freqüências cardíaca e respiratória (FC e FR); pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média (PAS, PAD E PAM); débito cardíaco (DC); temperatura corporal (TC); e as variáveis eletrocardiográficas Pms, PmV, QRS, RmV, RR, PT, QT e PR. As colheitas dos dados foram feitas aos 30 minutos após o início da administração do desfluorano (M0), 15 minutos após a administração do opióide ou placebo (M15) e a cada 15 minutos após M15 (M30, M45, M60 e M75). A avaliação estatística dos dados foi estudada por meio de Análise de Perfil (p<0,05). Houve discreta redução da FC, da pressão arterial e da FR com os opióides testados. Os intervalos PR, QT, RR e PT elevaram-se no GMF e GBT. Concluiu-se que a inclusão dos opióides butorfanol e morfina durante anestesia inalatória pelo desfluorano determina discretas alterações na eletrocardiografia de cães, o que não contra-indica o seu uso em pacientes estáveis(AU)

The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of butorphanol and morfine on electrocardiographic and cardiovascular variables in dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Thirty adult healthy male and female mongrel dogs were randomly distributed in three groups of ten animals each (GMF, GBT and GCO). The anesthetic induction was done using propofol (8mg/kg, IV), and immediately, the dogs were intubated and submitted to desflurane anaesthesia administrated at 1.5 MAC. After 30 minutes of induction, animals from GMF received morphine (1mg/kg), GBT Butorphanol (0.4mg/kg) and GCO saline solution at 0.9% (0.005ml/kg), both applied intramusculary. Heart Rate (HR); Systolic, Diastolic and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP); Cardiac Output (CO); Respiratory Rate (RR); Corporal Temperature (CT) and eletrocardiographic variables. The measurement were performed 30 minutes after the beginning of the inhalatory anaesthesia (M0); 15 minutes after opioids or saline administration (M15). Serial measurements were carried out in 15-minute intervals after M15 (M30, M45, M60 and M75). The numerical data were submitted to Profile Analysis (p<0.05). HR, arterial pressure and RR decreased significantly after opioids after administration, while for PR, QT, RR and Pt, the intervals increased. The results allow us to conclude that morphine and butorphanol determine discreet reduction in the electrocardiographic and cardiovascular parameters in dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Reduction in the electrocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters in dogs anesthetized with desflurane(AU)

Alterações eletrocardiográficas e cardiovasculares promovidas pela morfina ou butorfanol em cães anestesiados pelo desfluorano / Alterations on electrocardiographic and cardiovascular variables caused by morphine or butorphanol on desflurane anesthesia in dogs

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos da morfina e do butorfanol sobre variáveis eletrocardiográficas e cardiovasculares em cães anestesiados com desfluorano. Para tanto, foram utilizados 30 cães adultos, distribuídos em três grupos (GMF, GBT e GCO). A anestesia foi induzida com propofol (8mg/kg IV) e em seguida os animais foram intubados com sonda de Magill, que foi conectada ao aparelho de anestesia para administração de desfluorano (1,5 CAM). Após 30 minutos, foi aplicado no GMF morfina (1mg/kg IM), no GBT butorfanol (0,4mg/kg IM) e no GCO solução de NaCL a 0,9% (0,05mL/kg IM). Avaliaram-se: freqüências cardíaca e respiratória (FC e FR); pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média (PAS, PAD E PAM); débito cardíaco (DC); temperatura corporal (TC); e as variáveis eletrocardiográficas Pms, PmV, QRS, RmV, RR, PT, QT e PR. As colheitas dos dados foram feitas aos 30 minutos após o início da administração do desfluorano (M0), 15 minutos após a administração do opióide ou placebo (M15) e a cada 15 minutos após M15 (M30, M45, M60 e M75). A avaliação estatística dos dados foi estudada por meio de Análise de Perfil (p<0,05). Houve discreta redução da FC, da pressão arterial e da FR com os opióides testados. Os intervalos PR, QT, RR e PT elevaram-se no GMF e GBT. Concluiu-se que a inclusão dos opióides butorfanol e morfina durante anestesia inalatória pelo desfluorano determina discretas alterações na eletrocardiografia de cães, o que não contra-indica o seu uso em pacientes estáveis

The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of butorphanol and morfine on electrocardiographic and cardiovascular variables in dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Thirty adult healthy male and female mongrel dogs were randomly distributed in three groups of ten animals each (GMF, GBT and GCO). The anesthetic induction was done using propofol (8mg/kg, IV), and immediately, the dogs were intubated and submitted to desflurane anaesthesia administrated at 1.5 MAC. After 30 minutes of induction, animals from GMF received morphine (1mg/kg), GBT Butorphanol (0.4mg/kg) and GCO saline solution at 0.9% (0.005ml/kg), both applied intramusculary. Heart Rate (HR); Systolic, Diastolic and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP); Cardiac Output (CO); Respiratory Rate (RR); Corporal Temperature (CT) and eletrocardiographic variables. The measurement were performed 30 minutes after the beginning of the inhalatory anaesthesia (M0); 15 minutes after opioids or saline administration (M15). Serial measurements were carried out in 15-minute intervals after M15 (M30, M45, M60 and M75). The numerical data were submitted to Profile Analysis (p<0.05). HR, arterial pressure and RR decreased significantly after opioids after administration, while for PR, QT, RR and Pt, the intervals increased. The results allow us to conclude that morphine and butorphanol determine discreet reduction in the electrocardiographic and cardiovascular parameters in dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Reduction in the electrocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters in dogs anesthetized with desflurane