Analysis of high-intensity interval training on bone mineral density in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes

Purpose: To analyze the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-two male, adult, 12-week-old rats (Rattus norvegicus), of the Wistar lineage, were used. The animals induced to the experimental model received a high fat diet for 10 days and, after that period, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg·kg­1), dissolved in 20 mmol·L­1 sodium citrate solution (pH = 4.5). The experimental group of diabetes was formed by the animals that, 48 h after the injection of streptozotocin, had fasting blood glucose > 250 mg·dL­1). The animals were randomly divided into four groups with eight animals each: HIIT experimental diabetes; HIIT control; sedentary experimental diabetes and sedentary control. The animals in the HIIT group performed an aerobic exercise protocol on a treadmill inclined at an angle of 15° to the horizontal, with interspersed intensity. Five weekly sessions, lasting 49 min each, were held for 6 weeks. The analysis of cortical bone density (CBD) and BMD were performed by X-ray images using the In-Vivo Xtreme II/Bruker system. Results: For CBD and BMD, when comparing diabetes and control groups, a significant difference was seen between groups in relation to HIIT (p = 0.007). Animals submitted and not submitted to HIIT in the same group showed a significant difference between groups in relation to diabetes (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The HIIT experimental diabetes group had increased CBD and BMD in comparison with the sedentary experimental diabetes group.

Pulmonary oxidative stress in diabetic rats exposed to hyperoxia

Purpose: To evaluate the pulmonary oxidative stress in diabetic rats exposed to hyperoxia for 90 minutes. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, each one containing 10 animals, according to the oxygen concentration to which they were exposed: 21%, 50%, 75% and 100% (hyperoxia). In each group five animals were randomly induced to diabetes by means of at a dose of 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). Results: Seventy two hours after diabetes induction, a significant difference was seen in blood glucose in the experimental groups in comparison with the control. In the experimental groups a significant difference was observed in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissue and blood plasma (p 0.05), except the 50% group. In the control group, significant differences in the MDA concentration in plasma and lung tissue were also observed (p 0.05), except the 75% group. The MDA concentration in lung tissue in comparison with the diabetic and non-diabetic groups showed a significant difference in the 21% group; however, no difference was seen in the 75 and 100% groups. Conclusion: In diabetic animals high oxygen concentrations (75 and 100%) do not appear to exert deleterious effects on lipid peroxidation in lung tissue.(AU)

Renal biomarkers of male and female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) undergoing renal ischemia and reperfusion

PURPOSE: To investigate biomarkers of acute renal injury in Wistar rats, subjected to left renal ischemia for 10 minutes, and then compare reperfusion at 24 hours, and at 5, 7, 14 and 21 days after the procedure.METHODS: Eight female and male rats between 60 and 81 days old were used in the Central Animal Facility of the UFMS. Assessed biomarkers included urine protein, urea, creatinine, glucose, sodium, potassium, urine alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities, and protein-to-creatinine ratio; and in serum: urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium, fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, urine flow and creatinine clearance.RESULTS:Greater variance was observed in the parameters at 24 hours and at five days (p 0.05) after reperfusion. On the 21st day, these parameters approximated those obtained for the control group.CONCLUSIONS:Renal ischemia for 10 minutes was sufficient to raise urine levels of protein, glucose, fractional excretion of potassium, urea, creatinine clearance, urine activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in the first 24 hours, up to five days after reperfusion, which may indicate risk of acute kidney injury, according to the RIFLE classification.(AU)

Evaluation of intravaginal progesterone device, in until three uses, in fixed-time artificial insemination in Bos indicus females / Avaliação de diferentes doses de eCG na ressincronização da ovulação em vacas nelore lactantes submetidas à IATF

The aim was to evaluate the use of eCG in resynchronization (RS) in lactating Nelore cows, understand the interaction between dose, presence or absence of estrus, presence or absence of the corpus luteum (CL) and pregnancy rate. Were used 775 cows in first TAI and that not pregnant (449) were resynchronized 30 days after. Ultrasound (US) to observe the presence or absence of CL was performed before first TAI and when the RS. On day 0 (D0) an intravaginal device (IVD) with 1 g of progesterone and intramuscular (IM) 2 mg estradiol benzoate was administered. On D8 devices were removed and applied IM 1mg estradiol cypionate; 0.53mg of sodium cloprostenol, Group - 0 (G0) didn´t received eCG, G200 received 200 IU and G300 300 IU. Estrus was observed and insemination (AI) performed 48 hours after the removal of the IVD. US was performed 30 days after AI. The treatments didn´t affect the occurrence of pregnancy in estrus. In cows that didn´t show estrus, there´s no difference in the occurrence of pregnancy between the G200 and G300 but with G0. The cumulative pregnancy rate after 40 days of the breeding season was (77.54%). The cumulative pregnancy rate in 40 days enables the RS as a way to optimize reproductive management on beef cattle farms.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar o uso da eCG na ressincronização (RS) em vacas Nelore lactantes, conhecer a interação entre dose, presença ou não de cio, presença ou não do corpo lúteo (CL) e taxa de prenhez. Foram utilizadas 775 vacas na 1ª IATF e as vazias (449) foram ressincronizadas após 30 dias. Realizou-se exame ultrassongráfico (US) antes da primeira IATF e no momento da RS para observar a presença ou não do CL. No dia 0 (D0) foi inserido dispositivo intravaginal (DIV) com 1 g de progesterona e aplicação intramuscular (IM) de 2mg de Benzoato de Estradiol. No D8 o DIV foi retirado, aplicado IM 1mg de cipionato de estradiol e 0,53mg de cloprostenol sódico. No D8 o Grupo-0 (G0) não recebeu aplicação de eCG, o G200 recebeu 200 UI e o G300 300 UI. Foi observado cio entre a retirada do DIV e a IATF. Todas as vacas foram inseminadas 48 horas após a retirada do DIV. O US foi realizado 30 dias após a IATF. Os tratamentos não alteraram a ocorrência de prenhez nas que apresentaram cio. Nas vacas que não apresentaram cio, não existe houve diferença na ocorrência de prenhez entre o G200 e o G300, mas sim com o controle. A taxa acumulada de prenhez após 40 dias da estação de monta foi de 77,54%. A taxa acumulada de prenhez em 40 dias viabiliza a RS como uma forma de otimizar o manejo reprodutivo nas fazendas de corte.Palavras chave: eCG; estação de monta; IATF; pós-parto; ressincronização(AU)

Evaluation of intravaginal progesterone device, in until three uses, in fixed-time artificial insemination in Bos indicus females / Utilização do dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona, em até três usos, para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo de fêmeas "Bos indicus"

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the number of utilizations of CIDR, estrus manifestation and bearing order on the pregnancy rate in Bos indicus. We used in 1176 lactating multiparous and primiparous cows, 30 to 60 days post-partum. The groups received first, second- or third- use CIDR, plus 2,0mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) when the device was introduced (D0), and 500 g of dinoprost trometamin, 300 UI of eCG and 0,6 mg of estradiol cypionate at the device withdrawal (D8), with FTAI 48 hours after (D10). At 30 days realized the pregnancy diagnosis (D40). The variables were analyzed by PROC LOGISTIC (SAS) and binary logistic regression, and the difference was statistically significant when p primiparous 34.48%; p no estrus 33.06%(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do número de utilizações (até três) do CIDR, manifestação de estro e ordem de parição sobre a taxa de prenhez em vacas Bos indicus. Utilizou-se 1176 vacas pluríparas e primíparas, lactantes, 30 a 60 dias pós-parto. Os grupos receberam CIDR de primeiro, segundo ou terceiro usos, mais 2,0 mg de benzoato de estradiol no dia de introdução (D0) e, 500 g de dinoprost trometamina, 300 UI de eCG e 0,6 mg de cipionato de estradiol na retirada dos dispositivos (D8), com a IATF 48 horas após (D10). Em 30 dias realizou-se o diagnóstico de gestação (D40). Analisaram-se as variáveis pelo PROC LOGISTIC (SAS) e pela regressão logística binária, considerando-se significância quando p 0,05. A quantidade de usos do implante influenciou a taxa de gestação (1 uso 2 usos p 0,1), de 44,8%, 51,1% e 51,1% para CIDR 1, 2 e 3 usos, respectivamente, bem como a ordem de parição (pluríparas 50,85% > primíparas 34,48%; p sem estro 33,06%(AU)

Evaluation of intravaginal progesterone device, in until three uses, in fixed-time artificial insemination in Bos indicus females / Avaliação de diferentes doses de eCG na ressincronização da ovulação em vacas nelore lactantes submetidas à IATF

The aim was to evaluate the use of eCG in resynchronization (RS) in lactating Nelore cows, understand the interaction between dose, presence or absence of estrus, presence or absence of the corpus luteum (CL) and pregnancy rate. Were used 775 cows in first TAI and that not pregnant (449) were resynchronized 30 days after. Ultrasound (US) to observe the presence or absence of CL was performed before first TAI and when the RS. On day 0 (D0) an intravaginal device (IVD) with 1 g of progesterone and intramuscular (IM) 2 mg estradiol benzoate was administered. On D8 devices were removed and applied IM 1mg estradiol cypionate; 0.53mg of sodium cloprostenol, Group - 0 (G0) didn´t received eCG, G200 received 200 IU and G300 300 IU. Estrus was observed and insemination (AI) performed 48 hours after the removal of the IVD. US was performed 30 days after AI. The treatments didn´t affect the occurrence of pregnancy in estrus. In cows that didn´t show estrus, there´s no difference in the occurrence of pregnancy between the G200 and G300 but with G0. The cumulative pregnancy rate after 40 days of the breeding season was (77.54%). The cumulative pregnancy rate in 40 days enables the RS as a way to optimize reproductive management on beef cattle farms.

O objetivo foi avaliar o uso da eCG na ressincronização (RS) em vacas Nelore lactantes, conhecer a interação entre dose, presença ou não de cio, presença ou não do corpo lúteo (CL) e taxa de prenhez. Foram utilizadas 775 vacas na 1ª IATF e as vazias (449) foram ressincronizadas após 30 dias. Realizou-se exame ultrassongráfico (US) antes da primeira IATF e no momento da RS para observar a presença ou não do CL. No dia 0 (D0) foi inserido dispositivo intravaginal (DIV) com 1 g de progesterona e aplicação intramuscular (IM) de 2mg de Benzoato de Estradiol. No D8 o DIV foi retirado, aplicado IM 1mg de cipionato de estradiol e 0,53mg de cloprostenol sódico. No D8 o Grupo-0 (G0) não recebeu aplicação de eCG, o G200 recebeu 200 UI e o G300 300 UI. Foi observado cio entre a retirada do DIV e a IATF. Todas as vacas foram inseminadas 48 horas após a retirada do DIV. O US foi realizado 30 dias após a IATF. Os tratamentos não alteraram a ocorrência de prenhez nas que apresentaram cio. Nas vacas que não apresentaram cio, não existe houve diferença na ocorrência de prenhez entre o G200 e o G300, mas sim com o controle. A taxa acumulada de prenhez após 40 dias da estação de monta foi de 77,54%. A taxa acumulada de prenhez em 40 dias viabiliza a RS como uma forma de otimizar o manejo reprodutivo nas fazendas de corte.Palavras chave: eCG; estação de monta; IATF; pós-parto; ressincronização

Evaluation of intravaginal progesterone device, in until three uses, in fixed-time artificial insemination in Bos indicus females / Utilização do dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona, em até três usos, para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo de fêmeas "Bos indicus"

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the number of utilizations of CIDR, estrus manifestation and bearing order on the pregnancy rate in Bos indicus. We used in 1176 lactating multiparous and primiparous cows, 30 to 60 days post-partum. The groups received first, second- or third- use CIDR, plus 2,0mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) when the device was introduced (D0), and 500 g of dinoprost trometamin, 300 UI of eCG and 0,6 mg of estradiol cypionate at the device withdrawal (D8), with FTAI 48 hours after (D10). At 30 days realized the pregnancy diagnosis (D40). The variables were analyzed by PROC LOGISTIC (SAS) and binary logistic regression, and the difference was statistically significant when p primiparous 34.48%; p no estrus 33.06%

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do número de utilizações (até três) do CIDR, manifestação de estro e ordem de parição sobre a taxa de prenhez em vacas Bos indicus. Utilizou-se 1176 vacas pluríparas e primíparas, lactantes, 30 a 60 dias pós-parto. Os grupos receberam CIDR de primeiro, segundo ou terceiro usos, mais 2,0 mg de benzoato de estradiol no dia de introdução (D0) e, 500 g de dinoprost trometamina, 300 UI de eCG e 0,6 mg de cipionato de estradiol na retirada dos dispositivos (D8), com a IATF 48 horas após (D10). Em 30 dias realizou-se o diagnóstico de gestação (D40). Analisaram-se as variáveis pelo PROC LOGISTIC (SAS) e pela regressão logística binária, considerando-se significância quando p 0,05. A quantidade de usos do implante influenciou a taxa de gestação (1 uso 2 usos p 0,1), de 44,8%, 51,1% e 51,1% para CIDR 1, 2 e 3 usos, respectivamente, bem como a ordem de parição (pluríparas 50,85% > primíparas 34,48%; p sem estro 33,06%

Hematology of Swiss mice (Mus musculus) of both genders and different ages

To describe the hematologic values of male and female, young and adult, Swiss mice (Mus musculus). Mus musculus (n=14) were randomly selected and separated by gender. The male and female, young and adult animals were sedation to obtain a blood sample, by intracardiac route at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after birth. The Swiss mouse hemogram values obtained, in relation to total eosinophils, basophils, and number of platelets, there was no statistical differences according to the genders or the age of the animals. Regarding the erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit values obtained, these were higher in females. The RDW-CD and MPV values were higher in the females than in the males. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphocytes are the predominant cells in the peripheral blood. The collection of 800 µL of blood by intracardiac route, every 15 days, did not affect the health of the animals. Analyses of the blood samples contribute to the experimental models provided by the Central Animal Facility of UFMS and used by professors.(AU)

Morfologia espermática de carneiros nativos / Sperm morphology of native rams / Morfologia espermática en carneros sativos

A avaliação da morfologia espermática é um dos critérios determinantes para a seleção de machos para a reprodução. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar as alterações morfológicas do sêmen de carneiros durante as estações do ano. Foram utilizados 12 animais, efetuando-se esfregaços de sêmen mensalmente para coloração do método de Karras modificado durante um ano. Observou-se que os animais apresentaram maiores percentuais de espermatozóides anormais na primavera e outono (15,46 ± 27,10 e 11,33 ± 26,38, respectivamente), quando comparados com o verão (3,18 ±1,95) e inverno (5,46 ± 2,73). Quando comparado a estação seca e chuvosa, o período de seca apresentou maiores percentuais de morfologias alteradas (7,98% ± 8,01) em relação ao período chuvoso (3,95% ± 1,78), sugerindo que tanto a variação sazonal, quanto a variação nutricional influenciaram as características do sêmen. Concluindo, os carneiros nativos não apresentaram alterações morfológicas significativas do sêmen ao longo do ano, sendo este um importante fator para a utilização do mesmo em monta natural ou inseminação artificial em qualquer período do ano.(AU)

The evaluation of sperm morphology is one of the determining criteria to select males for reproduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sperm morphology of native rams during the seasons of the year. 12 animals were used, and semen was smeared monthly for a year utilizing the modified method by Karras. It was observed that the animals had higher percentage of abnormal sperm in spring and autumn (15.46 ± 27.10 and 11.33 ± 26.38, respectively) when compared to summer (3.18 ± 1.95) and winter (5.46 ± 2.73). When the dry and rainy seasons were compared, the former had higher percentages of altered morphology (7.98% ± 8.01) compared to the latter (3.95% ± 1.78), suggesting that the seasonal variation as well as nutritional variation influence the characteristics of semen. It was concluded that native rams showed no significant morphological alterations of semen during the year, which is an important factor in its use for natural mating or artificial insemination at any time of the year.(AU)

La evaluación de la morfología espermática es uno de los criterios determinantes para la selección de machos para reproducción. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido verificar las alteraciones morfológicas del semen de carneros durante las estaciones del año. Se utilizaron 12 animales, efectuándose flotamiento de semen, mensualmente, para coloración del método de Karras, modificado durante un año. Se observó que los animales presentaron mayores porcentuales de espermatozoides anormales en la primavera y otoño (15,46 ± 27,10 y 11,33 ± 26,38, respectivamente), cuando comparados con el verano (3.18 ± 1.95) e invierno (5.46 ± 2.73). En comparación con la estación seca y lluviosa, el periodo de sequía presentó mayores porcentuales de morfologías alteradas (7,98% ± 8.01) en comparación al período lluvioso (3,95% ± 1,78), sugiriendo que tanto la variación estacional como la variación nutricional influenciaron las características del semen. Concluyendo, los carneros nativos no presentaron alteraciones significativas morfológicas del semen durante el año, siendo éste un factor importante para la utilización del mismo en monta natural o inseminación artificial en cualquier época del año.(AU)

Estudo da ação antineoplásica da Tabebuia avellanedae (Ipê-Roxo) na carcinogênese induzida pelo azoximetano em camundongos / Study of the antineoplastic action of Tabebuia avellanedae in carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in mice

PURPOSE: To study the antitumor action of Tabebuia avellanedae in experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis by azoxymethane in mice. METHODS: Fifty (n=50) mice were divided into five groups: in group I azoxymethane (AOM) was administered, in Group II - β-lapachone, in group III - vehicle (diluent) and in group IV - vehicle + AOM and finally in group V - β-lapachone + AOM. RESULTS: It was observed the presence of aberrant crypt foci in all animals of groups I and IV, 50 percent in group II and 90 percent in group V. CONCLUSION: The β-lapachone extracted from the Tabebuia avellanedae showed no protective effect of lesions induced by azoxymethane in colon of mice.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Estudar a ação antitumoral da Tabebuia avellanedae (Ipê-Roxo) na carcinogênese colônica induzida experimentalmente pelo azoximetano em camundongos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 50 camundongos divididos em 5 grupos: grupo I administrado Azoximetano (AOM); grupo II - β-lapachona; grupo III - veículo (diluente); grupo IV - veículo + AOM; e grupo V - β-lapachona + AOM. RESULTADOS: Observou-se presença de focos de criptas aberrantes em todos os animais dos grupos I e IV, 50 por cento no grupo II e 90 por cento no grupo V. CONCLUSÃO: A β-lapachona extraída da Tabebuia avellanedae não apresentou efeito protetor das lesões induzidas pelo azoximetano em cólon de camundongos.(AU)