Linfoma com manifestações periorbitais em um cão da raça fox americano: relato de caso / Lymphoma with periorbital manifestations in an american fox dog: case report / Linfoma con manifestaciones periorbitarias en un perro zorro americano: reporte de caso

Caracterizado como uma neoplasia maligna, o linfoma avança inicialmente em tecidos linfoides, mas pode apresentar-se em tecidos distintos. Os cães em comparação as outras espécies, tendem a manifestar o linfoma de maneira mais agressiva, independente do seu local de expressão. O presente trabalho objetivou descrever um caso de um cão da raça Fox Americano que apresentou aumento de volume da região periorbital e terceira pálpebra, sendo diagnosticado com linfoma, após exames ultrassonográfico e histopatológico. Após o diagnóstico definitivo de linfoma, iniciou-se o tratamento quimioterápico que teve duração de 19 semanas. Ao término do protocolo, o paciente apresentou remissão completa das manifestações oftálmicas, porém, foi orientado o acompanhamento mensal, e durante 3 meses consecutivos nas avalições o paciente não apresentou nenhuma alteração clínica. Conclui-se que quadros de linfoma podem apresentar manifestações que acometam a região periorbital, sendo de suma importância a avaliação clínica e realização de exames complementares para exclusão de outras doenças oftálmicas, e adoção de medidas terapêuticas efetivas.(AU)

Characterized as a malignant neoplasm, lymphoma advances initially in lymphoid tissues, but can present itself in different tissues. Dogs, in comparison to other species, tend to manifest lymphoma in a more aggressive way, regardless of their place of expression. The present study aimed to describe a case of a dog of the Fox American breed that presented an increase in the volume of the periorbital region and third eyelid, being diagnosed with lymphoma, after ultrasound and histopathological exams. After the definitive diagnosis of lymphoma, chemotherapy treatment was started, which lasted 19 weeks. At the end of the protocol, the patient showed complete remission of the ophthalmic manifestations, however, monthly follow-up was advised, and for three consecutive months in the evaluations, the patient did not present any clinical changes. It is concluded that lymphoma pictures can present manifestations that affect the periorbital region, being extremely important the clinical evaluation and accomplishment of complementary exams for exclusion of other ophthalmic diseases, and adoption of effective therapeutic measures.(AU)

Caracterizado como una neoplasia maligna, el linfoma avanza inicialmente en los tejidos linfoides, pero puede presentarse en diferentes tejidos. Los perros, en comparación con otras especies, tienden a manifestar el linfoma de forma más agresiva, independientemente de su lugar de expresión. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir un caso de un perro de la raza Fox American que presentó aumento de volumen de la región periorbitaria y tercer párpado, siendo diagnosticado de linfoma, luego de exámenes ecográficos e histopatológicos. Tras el diagnóstico definitivo de linfoma se inició tratamiento de quimioterapia, que duró 19 semanas. Al final del protocolo, el paciente presentó remisión completa de las manifestaciones oftálmicas, sin embargo, se recomendó un seguimiento mensual y durante 3 meses consecutivos en las evaluaciones, el paciente no presentó cambios clínicos. Se concluye que los cuadros de linfoma pueden presentar manifestaciones que afecten a la región periorbitaria, siendo de suma importancia la evaluación clínica y la realización de exámenes complementarios para la exclusión de otras enfermedades oftálmicas y la adopción de medidas terapéuticas efectivas.(AU)

Acidose ruminal causada por ingestão excessiva de manga (Mangifera indica) em vaca / Ruminal acidosis caused by excessive ingestion of mango fruit (Mangifera indica) in cow

Background: Digestive disturbances in ruminants are associated with forage shortages during periods of dry weather. Foodsavailable at this time are generally of poor quality and low digestibility, which makes it necessary to pursue alternativefood sources where available. Grain-heavy diets; concentrated rations rich in rapidly fermenting carbohydrates; and whey,tubers and fruits high in starch and glucose, contribute to ruminal acidosis. Here we report a case of ruminal acidosis dueto excessive ingestion of the mango fruit (Mangifera indica), “manguita” cultivate, by an adult bovine.Case: In the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, during December, a Dutch female bovine adult, weighing approximately600 kg, was observed showing signs of apathy for two days with diarrhea. The animal had a rumenostomy with flexiblecannula in the left paralumbar fossa and was in the final third of gestation. During clinical examination, the animal was inseason, and an increase in the volume of the left dorsal region and changes in physiological variables were observed (lightlypale mucosa, capillary filling time of 4 s, heart rate [HR] of 82 beats per min; respiratory rate (f) of 30 moments per min;absence of ruminal movements and rectal temperature [RT] of 39.5°C). Upon removal of the cannula lid, a considerableamount of liquid and a large quantity of mango (Mangifera indica), “manguita” cultivate, were observed. Blood sampleand ruminal fluid were collected and ruminal contents weighing approximately 40 kg were evacuated. Physical-chemicalanalysis of the ruminal liquid (pH = 4.0, brown color, aqueous consistency and characteristic fruit odor) resulted in adiagnosis of ruminal acidosis. Treatment included administration of fluid therapy (Lactate Ringer; 2 mL/kg/h), hepatoprotector (1 mL/20 kg), antimicrobial (Ampicillin Sodium; 10 mg/kg/IV and Sulfadoxine; 30 mg/kg/IV) and non-steroidalanti-inflammatory (Meloxicam; 0.5 mg/kg/IV) drugs, associated with evacuation...

Acidose ruminal causada por ingestão excessiva de manga (Mangifera indica) em vaca / Ruminal acidosis caused by excessive ingestion of mango fruit (Mangifera indica) in cow

Background: Digestive disturbances in ruminants are associated with forage shortages during periods of dry weather. Foodsavailable at this time are generally of poor quality and low digestibility, which makes it necessary to pursue alternativefood sources where available. Grain-heavy diets; concentrated rations rich in rapidly fermenting carbohydrates; and whey,tubers and fruits high in starch and glucose, contribute to ruminal acidosis. Here we report a case of ruminal acidosis dueto excessive ingestion of the mango fruit (Mangifera indica), “manguita” cultivate, by an adult bovine.Case: In the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, during December, a Dutch female bovine adult, weighing approximately600 kg, was observed showing signs of apathy for two days with diarrhea. The animal had a rumenostomy with flexiblecannula in the left paralumbar fossa and was in the final third of gestation. During clinical examination, the animal was inseason, and an increase in the volume of the left dorsal region and changes in physiological variables were observed (lightlypale mucosa, capillary filling time of 4 s, heart rate [HR] of 82 beats per min; respiratory rate (f) of 30 moments per min;absence of ruminal movements and rectal temperature [RT] of 39.5°C). Upon removal of the cannula lid, a considerableamount of liquid and a large quantity of mango (Mangifera indica), “manguita” cultivate, were observed. Blood sampleand ruminal fluid were collected and ruminal contents weighing approximately 40 kg were evacuated. Physical-chemicalanalysis of the ruminal liquid (pH = 4.0, brown color, aqueous consistency and characteristic fruit odor) resulted in adiagnosis of ruminal acidosis. Treatment included administration of fluid therapy (Lactate Ringer; 2 mL/kg/h), hepatoprotector (1 mL/20 kg), antimicrobial (Ampicillin Sodium; 10 mg/kg/IV and Sulfadoxine; 30 mg/kg/IV) and non-steroidalanti-inflammatory (Meloxicam; 0.5 mg/kg/IV) drugs, associated with evacuation...(AU)

Infusão contínua de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Continuous infusion of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine for female dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy / Infusión continua de dos dosis de fentanila asociada a lidocaína y ketamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Foram utilizados 18 animais distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Os animais do grupo A (GA) receberam pela via intravenosa um bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg e os do grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos associados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg e cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Imediatamente após o bolus realizou-se a indução com propofol seguido do início da infusão contínua (IC) de fentanil na dose de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para o GA e 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos associados a 3 e 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína e cetamina. A anestesia foi mantida com sevoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% a 1,5V% por meio de vaporizador calibrado que foi ajustado para a manutenção do plano anestésico cirúrgico. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e permaneceram sob ventilação espontânea. Foram avaliados os valores basais (T0), após indução (T1) e 5 (T5), 20 (T20) e 35 (T35) minutos de IC dos seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) e o sevoflurano expirado (EtSevo). A análise estatística foi realizada através da análise de variância seguida do teste de Scott-knott. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P< 0,05. A FC reduziu após 20 minutos de IC e a f, PAS, PAD e PAM diminuíram após indução anestésica. Tais diferenças não foram relevantes clinicamente e os valores se mantiveram dentro do limite fisiológico. Pode-se concluir que as duas doses de infusão contínua de fentanil produziram estabilidade cardiovascular e respiratória, além de permitirem a diminuição do requerimento de sevoflurano para a realização da ovariohisterectomia eletiva.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine in canine females anesthetized with sevoflurane and submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. 18 animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (GA) animals received a loading dose intravenously of fentanyl 0.0018 mg/kg and those of group B (GB) 0.0036 mg/kg, both associated with lidocaine 3 mg/kg and ketamine 0, 6 mg/kg. Immediately after the loading dose, induction with propofol was realized followed by continuous infusion (CI) of fentanyl at the dose of 0.0018 mg/kg/h for GA and 0.0036 mg/kg/h for GB, both associated to 3 and 0.6 mg/kg/h of lidocaine and ketamine. The anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen at 1.5% by a calibrated vaporizer that was adjusted for the maintenance of the surgical anesthetic plane. The animals were placed in dorsal decubitus position and remained under spontaneous ventilation. Was evaluated the baseline values (T0), after induction (T1) and 5 (T5), 20 (T20) and 35 (T35) minutes of following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SatO2), partial carbon dioxide (EtCO2) pressure and expired sevoflurane (EtSevo). Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance followed by the Scott-knott test. Differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. HR decreased after 20 minutes of CI and f, SBP, DBP and MAP decreased after anesthetic induction. These differences were not clinically relevant and the values remained within the physiological limit. It can be concluded that the two doses of continuous infusion of fentanyl produced cardiovascular and respiratory stability, besides allowing the reduction of the sevoflurane requirement for elective ovariohysterectomy.(AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de dos dosis de fentanil asociadas a la lidocaína y cetamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a la ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se utilizaron 18 animales distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Los animales del grupo A (GA) recibieron por vía intravenosa un bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg y los del grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos asociados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg y cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Inmediatamente después del bolus se realizó la inducción con propofol seguido del inicio de la infusión continua (IC) de fentanil a la dosis de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para el GA y 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos asociados a 3 y 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína y cetamina. La anestesia fue mantenida con sevoflurane diluido en oxígeno 100% a 1,5V% a través de vaporizador calibrado que fue ajustado para el mantenimiento del plano anestésico quirúrgico. Los animales fueron colocados en decúbito dorsal y permanecieron bajo ventilación espontánea. Se evaluaron los valores basales (T0), después de la inducción (T1) y 5 (T5), 20 (T20) y 35 (T35) minutos de IC de los siguientes parámetros: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno en la hemoglobina (SatO2), presión parcial de dióxido de carbón (EtCO2) y el sevoflurane expirado (EtSevo). El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través del análisis de varianza seguida de la prueba de Scott-knott. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas cuando P< 0,05. La FC redujo después de 20 minutos de IC y la f, PAS, PAD y PAM disminuyeron después de la inducción anestésica. Estas diferencias no fueron relevantes clínicamente y los valores se mantuvieron dentro del límite fisiológico. Se puede concluir que las dos dosis de infusión continua de fentanil produjeron estabilidad cardiovascular y respiratoria, además de permitir la disminución del requerimiento de sevoflurane para la realización de la ovariohisterectomía electiva.(AU)

Infusão contínua de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Continuous infusion of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine for female dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy / Infusión continua de dos dosis de fentanila asociada a lidocaína y ketamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Foram utilizados 18 animais distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Os animais do grupo A (GA) receberam pela via intravenosa um bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg e os do grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos associados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg e cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Imediatamente após o bolus realizou-se a indução com propofol seguido do início da infusão contínua (IC) de fentanil na dose de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para o GA e 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos associados a 3 e 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína e cetamina. A anestesia foi mantida com sevoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% a 1,5V% por meio de vaporizador calibrado que foi ajustado para a manutenção do plano anestésico cirúrgico. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e permaneceram sob ventilação espontânea. Foram avaliados os valores basais (T0), após indução (T1) e 5 (T5), 20 (T20) e 35 (T35) minutos de IC dos seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) e o sevoflurano expirado (EtSevo). A análise estatística foi realizada através da análise de variância seguida do teste de Scott-knott. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P< 0,05. A FC reduziu após 20 minutos de IC e a f, PAS, PAD e PAM diminuíram após indução anestésica. Tais diferenças não foram relevantes clinicamente e os valores se mantiveram dentro do limite fisiológico. Pode-se concluir que as duas doses de infusão contínua de fentanil produziram estabilidade cardiovascular e respiratória, além de permitirem a diminuição do requerimento de sevoflurano para a realização da ovariohisterectomia eletiva.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine in canine females anesthetized with sevoflurane and submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. 18 animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (GA) animals received a loading dose intravenously of fentanyl 0.0018 mg/kg and those of group B (GB) 0.0036 mg/kg, both associated with lidocaine 3 mg/kg and ketamine 0, 6 mg/kg. Immediately after the loading dose, induction with propofol was realized followed by continuous infusion (CI) of fentanyl at the dose of 0.0018 mg/kg/h for GA and 0.0036 mg/kg/h for GB, both associated to 3 and 0.6 mg/kg/h of lidocaine and ketamine. The anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen at 1.5% by a calibrated vaporizer that was adjusted for the maintenance of the surgical anesthetic plane. The animals were placed in dorsal decubitus position and remained under spontaneous ventilation. Was evaluated the baseline values (T0), after induction (T1) and 5 (T5), 20 (T20) and 35 (T35) minutes of following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SatO2), partial carbon dioxide (EtCO2) pressure and expired sevoflurane (EtSevo). Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance followed by the Scott-knott test. Differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. HR decreased after 20 minutes of CI and f, SBP, DBP and MAP decreased after anesthetic induction. These differences were not clinically relevant and the values remained within the physiological limit. It can be concluded that the two doses of continuous infusion of fentanyl produced cardiovascular and respiratory stability, besides allowing the reduction of the sevoflurane requirement for elective ovariohysterectomy.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de dos dosis de fentanil asociadas a la lidocaína y cetamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a la ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se utilizaron 18 animales distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Los animales del grupo A (GA) recibieron por vía intravenosa un bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg y los del grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos asociados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg y cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Inmediatamente después del bolus se realizó la inducción con propofol seguido del inicio de la infusión continua (IC) de fentanil a la dosis de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para el GA y 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos asociados a 3 y 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína y cetamina. La anestesia fue mantenida con sevoflurane diluido en oxígeno 100% a 1,5V% a través de vaporizador calibrado que fue ajustado para el mantenimiento del plano anestésico quirúrgico. Los animales fueron colocados en decúbito dorsal y permanecieron bajo ventilación espontánea. Se evaluaron los valores basales (T0), después de la inducción (T1) y 5 (T5), 20 (T20) y 35 (T35) minutos de IC de los siguientes parámetros: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno en la hemoglobina (SatO2), presión parcial de dióxido de carbón (EtCO2) y el sevoflurane expirado (EtSevo). El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través del análisis de varianza seguida de la prueba de Scott-knott. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas cuando P< 0,05. La FC redujo después de 20 minutos de IC y la f, PAS, PAD y PAM disminuyeron después de la inducción anestésica. Estas diferencias no fueron relevantes clínicamente y los valores se mantuvieron dentro del límite fisiológico. Se puede concluir que las dos dosis de infusión continua de fentanil produjeron estabilidad cardiovascular y respiratoria, además de permitir la disminución del requerimiento de sevoflurane para la realización de la ovariohisterectomía electiva.

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.(AU)

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.

Anestesia total intravenosa com propofol associado ao fentanil, lidocaínaou cetamina em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia eletiva / Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol associated with fentanyl, lidocaine or ketamine in bitches submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy

Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is an alternative to inhalation anesthesia because it offers smoother anesthetic recovery, however, since propofol does not have adequate analgesic action, it is necessary to associate it with some drug to avoid the pain process. In addition, the combination may minimize cardiovascular depression resulting from continuous infusion of propofol by reducing infusion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory parameters and anesthetic recovery in bitches submitted to continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine associated with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four bitches were medicated intramuscularly with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups with different analgesic treatments: group F (GF) received a loading dose (LD) of 0.0036 mg/kg fentanyl, followed by continuous infusion of 0.0036 mg/kg/h; group L (GL), LD of 3 mg/kg lidocaine, followed by 3 mg/kg/h and group K (GK), LD of 0.6 mg/kg ketamine, followed by 0.6 mg/kg/h. First a LD of analgesic treatment was administered, followed by induction (to the effect) and beginning of continuous infusion of the analgesic treatment and propofol. The animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of adequate size, and connected to 100% oxygen, being kept under spontaneous ventilation during the entire period of anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of propofol started at 0.34 mg/kg/min and was adjusted so as to maintain the surgical anesthesia plane of Guedel and the cardiovascular parameters within the physiological limits for the species. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at different moments: basal (before application of any drug) and 5, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min after induction. The surgery started 20 min after anesthetic induction and lasted 60 min. […](AU)

Effects of dorzolamide/timolol and tafluprost on intraocular pressure and pupil diameter in healthy dogs / Efeitos da dorzolamida/timolol e da tafluprosta sobre a pressão intraocular e o diâmetro pupilar em cães saudáveis

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol with those of tafluprost on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs (n=10). Two experiments were conducted with an interval of 30 days. In both, IOP and PD were assessed at 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20h. Parameters were evaluated during baseline, treatment period of four days, and one day of post-treatment. During treatment phase, IOP decreased by 0.74 (P 0.05), 1.88 (P 0.01), 2.94 (P 0.001), and 3.10mmHg (P 0.01), in dorzolamide/timolol-treated eyes; and by 1.50, 2.18, 2.14, and 2.18mmHg (P 0.001), in tafluprost-treated eyes. PD decreased by 0.24 (P 0.01), 0.32 (P 0.01), 0.49 (P 0.001), and 0.40mm (P 0.001), in dorzolamide/timolol treated eyes; and by 2.31, 2.55, 2.43, and 2.70mm (P 0.001), in tafluprost-treated eyes. Dorzolamide/timolol and tafluprost were able to decrease IOP and PD in healthy dogs. However, a cumulative effect of the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol was more effective in reducing IOP, than tafluprost. Comparisons between treatments showed that tafluprost was more effective in reducing PD throughout the treatment phase.

O estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar os efeitos da combinação fixa da dorzolamida/timolol com os da tafluprosta sobre a pressão intraocular (PIO) e o diâmetro pupilar (DP) em cães saudáveis (n=10). Dois experimentos com intervalo de 30 dias foram conduzidos. Em ambos, a PIO e o DP foram avaliados às 8, 11, 14, 17 e às 20h. Os parâmetros foram avaliados durante a fases basal, um período de tratamento de quatro dias, e um dia de pós-tratamento. Durante a fase de tratamento, a PIO dos olhos tratados com dorzolamida/timolol reduziram em 0.74 (P 0.05), 1.88 (P 0.01), 2.94 (P 0.001), e 3.10mmHg (P 0.01); e dos olhos tratados com tafluprosta em 1.50, 2.18, 2.14 e 2.18mmHg (P 0.001). O DP dos olhos tratados com dorzolamida/timolol reduziram em 0.24 (P 0.01), 0.32 (P 0.01), 0.49 (P 0.001) e 0.40mm (P 0.001); e dos olhos tratados com tafluprosta em 2.31, 2.55, 2.43 e 2.70mm (P 0.001). A dorzolamida/timol e a tafluprosta foram capazes de reduzir a PIO e o DP em cães saudáveis. Porém, efeito cumulativo do tratamento com dorzolamida/timolol foi observado, decorridos três dias de tratamento. Por essa razão, a dorzolamida/timolol foi mais efetiva que a tafluprosta na redução da PIO. Comparações entre os tratamentos demonstraram que a tafluprosta foi mais efetiva em reduzir o DP, durante toda a fase de tratamento.

Anestesia total intravenosa com propofol associado ao fentanil, lidocaínaou cetamina em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia eletiva / Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol associated with fentanyl, lidocaine or ketamine in bitches submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy

Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is an alternative to inhalation anesthesia because it offers smoother anesthetic recovery, however, since propofol does not have adequate analgesic action, it is necessary to associate it with some drug to avoid the pain process. In addition, the combination may minimize cardiovascular depression resulting from continuous infusion of propofol by reducing infusion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory parameters and anesthetic recovery in bitches submitted to continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine associated with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four bitches were medicated intramuscularly with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups with different analgesic treatments: group F (GF) received a loading dose (LD) of 0.0036 mg/kg fentanyl, followed by continuous infusion of 0.0036 mg/kg/h; group L (GL), LD of 3 mg/kg lidocaine, followed by 3 mg/kg/h and group K (GK), LD of 0.6 mg/kg ketamine, followed by 0.6 mg/kg/h. First a LD of analgesic treatment was administered, followed by induction (to the effect) and beginning of continuous infusion of the analgesic treatment and propofol. The animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of adequate size, and connected to 100% oxygen, being kept under spontaneous ventilation during the entire period of anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of propofol started at 0.34 mg/kg/min and was adjusted so as to maintain the surgical anesthesia plane of Guedel and the cardiovascular parameters within the physiological limits for the species. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at different moments: basal (before application of any drug) and 5, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min after induction. The surgery started 20 min after anesthetic induction and lasted 60 min. […]

Effects of dorzolamide/timolol and tafluprost on intraocular pressure and pupil diameter in healthy dogs / Efeitos da dorzolamida/timolol e da tafluprosta sobre a pressão intraocular e o diâmetro pupilar em cães saudáveis

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol with those of tafluprost on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs (n=10). Two experiments were conducted with an interval of 30 days. In both, IOP and PD were assessed at 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20h. Parameters were evaluated during baseline, treatment period of four days, and one day of post-treatment. During treatment phase, IOP decreased by 0.74 (P 0.05), 1.88 (P 0.01), 2.94 (P 0.001), and 3.10mmHg (P 0.01), in dorzolamide/timolol-treated eyes; and by 1.50, 2.18, 2.14, and 2.18mmHg (P 0.001), in tafluprost-treated eyes. PD decreased by 0.24 (P 0.01), 0.32 (P 0.01), 0.49 (P 0.001), and 0.40mm (P 0.001), in dorzolamide/timolol treated eyes; and by 2.31, 2.55, 2.43, and 2.70mm (P 0.001), in tafluprost-treated eyes. Dorzolamide/timolol and tafluprost were able to decrease IOP and PD in healthy dogs. However, a cumulative effect of the fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol was more effective in reducing IOP, than tafluprost. Comparisons between treatments showed that tafluprost was more effective in reducing PD throughout the treatment phase.(AU)

O estudo objetivou avaliar e comparar os efeitos da combinação fixa da dorzolamida/timolol com os da tafluprosta sobre a pressão intraocular (PIO) e o diâmetro pupilar (DP) em cães saudáveis (n=10). Dois experimentos com intervalo de 30 dias foram conduzidos. Em ambos, a PIO e o DP foram avaliados às 8, 11, 14, 17 e às 20h. Os parâmetros foram avaliados durante a fases basal, um período de tratamento de quatro dias, e um dia de pós-tratamento. Durante a fase de tratamento, a PIO dos olhos tratados com dorzolamida/timolol reduziram em 0.74 (P 0.05), 1.88 (P 0.01), 2.94 (P 0.001), e 3.10mmHg (P 0.01); e dos olhos tratados com tafluprosta em 1.50, 2.18, 2.14 e 2.18mmHg (P 0.001). O DP dos olhos tratados com dorzolamida/timolol reduziram em 0.24 (P 0.01), 0.32 (P 0.01), 0.49 (P 0.001) e 0.40mm (P 0.001); e dos olhos tratados com tafluprosta em 2.31, 2.55, 2.43 e 2.70mm (P 0.001). A dorzolamida/timol e a tafluprosta foram capazes de reduzir a PIO e o DP em cães saudáveis. Porém, efeito cumulativo do tratamento com dorzolamida/timolol foi observado, decorridos três dias de tratamento. Por essa razão, a dorzolamida/timolol foi mais efetiva que a tafluprosta na redução da PIO. Comparações entre os tratamentos demonstraram que a tafluprosta foi mais efetiva em reduzir o DP, durante toda a fase de tratamento.(AU)

Porphyromonas gingivalis na cavidade oral de neonatos da raça Bulldog Inglês / Porphyromonas gingivalis in the oral cavity of English bulldog newborn puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD. Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were also collected from the maxillary canines and fourth premolars of the dams at T10 and T25. All newborn puppies were fed maternal breast milk and supplementation exclusively with commercial milk for dogs in individual bottles. The dams were fed commercial dry food. The average weight of G1 and G2 at T10 was 625.87 ± 85.26 g and 543.50 ± 92.88 g, respectively, and 100% (15/15) of the animals were negative for PG as assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on oral swab samples. [...]

Porphyromonas gingivalis na cavidade oral de neonatos da raça Bulldog Inglês / Porphyromonas gingivalis in the oral cavity of English bulldog newborn puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD. Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were also collected from the maxillary canines and fourth premolars of the dams at T10 and T25. All newborn puppies were fed maternal breast milk and supplementation exclusively with commercial milk for dogs in individual bottles. The dams were fed commercial dry food. The average weight of G1 and G2 at T10 was 625.87 ± 85.26 g and 543.50 ± 92.88 g, respectively, and 100% (15/15) of the animals were negative for PG as assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on oral swab samples. [...](AU)

Osteopatia hipertrófica associada à metástase intratorácica de tumor mamário canino: relato de dois casos / Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with intrathoracic metastasis of mammary tumor canine: two cases report / Osteopatía hipertrófica asociada con metástasis intratorácica canina de tumor de mama: dos casos de informe

A osteopatia hipertrófica é um distúrbio de osteoprodução generalizada do periósteo que acomete os ossos longos, sendo geralmente secundária a alguma doença intratorácica, como doença cardiopulmonar ou neoplasia. A maioria das lesões são bilaterais e simétricas, podendo ocorrer nos quatro membros. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar dois casos de osteopatia hipertrófica associada à metástase pulmonar de carcinoma mamário e os achados clínico patológicos destes cães foram estudados.(AU)

Hypertrophic osteopathy is a generalized bone production disorder the periosteum that affects the long bones, usually secondary to some intrathoracic disease, such as cardiopulmonary disease or cancer. Most lesions are bilateral and symmetrical and can occur in all four limbs. This study aims to report two cases of hypertrophic osteopathy associated pulmonary metastasis of breast carcinoma and the clinical and pathological findings of these dogs were studied.(AU)

Osteopatía hipertrófica es un trastorno generalizado osteoproducción del periostio que afecta a los huesos largos, generalmente secundaria a alguna enfermedad intratorácica, como la enfermedad cardiopulmonar o cáncer. La mayoría de las lesiones son bilaterales y simétricas, que se producen en las cuatro extremidades. Este estudio tiene como objetivo reportar dos casos de la osteopatía hipertrófica asociada con se estudiaron las metástasis pulmonares de carcinoma de mama hallazgos clínicos y patológicos de estos perros.(AU)

Osteopatia hipertrófica associada à metástase intratorácica de tumor mamário canino: relato de dois casos / Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with intrathoracic metastasis of mammary tumor canine: two cases report / Osteopatía hipertrófica asociada con metástasis intratorácica canina de tumor de mama: dos casos de informe

A osteopatia hipertrófica é um distúrbio de osteoprodução generalizada do periósteo que acomete os ossos longos, sendo geralmente secundária a alguma doença intratorácica, como doença cardiopulmonar ou neoplasia. A maioria das lesões são bilaterais e simétricas, podendo ocorrer nos quatro membros. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar dois casos de osteopatia hipertrófica associada à metástase pulmonar de carcinoma mamário e os achados clínico patológicos destes cães foram estudados.

Hypertrophic osteopathy is a generalized bone production disorder the periosteum that affects the long bones, usually secondary to some intrathoracic disease, such as cardiopulmonary disease or cancer. Most lesions are bilateral and symmetrical and can occur in all four limbs. This study aims to report two cases of hypertrophic osteopathy associated pulmonary metastasis of breast carcinoma and the clinical and pathological findings of these dogs were studied.

Osteopatía hipertrófica es un trastorno generalizado osteoproducción del periostio que afecta a los huesos largos, generalmente secundaria a alguna enfermedad intratorácica, como la enfermedad cardiopulmonar o cáncer. La mayoría de las lesiones son bilaterales y simétricas, que se producen en las cuatro extremidades. Este estudio tiene como objetivo reportar dos casos de la osteopatía hipertrófica asociada con se estudiaron las metástasis pulmonares de carcinoma de mama hallazgos clínicos y patológicos de estos perros.

Compartment syndrome suspected in domestic cat after radius and ulna fixation - case report / Suspeita de síndrome compartimental em gato doméstico após osteossíntese de rádio e ulna - relato de caso

The compartmental syndrome is a condition, which leads to ischemia and necrosis of the tissues involved, causing, if not identified early severe injuries. We report here the case of a 3-year-old mongrel cat, with approximately 3.2 kg treated at a clinic in Cuiabá-MT, with complete fracture of the proximal radius and ulna in the right forelimb. The patient underwent surgery (osteosynthesis radio and ulna), 36 hours after the surgical procedure were observed signs of the syndrome as the decrease of the temperature 3 cm distal to the fracture, cyanosis, absence of pain and proprioception. Confronted with these symptoms fasciotomy was conducted in attempt to recover the blood perfusion. After 7 days of treatment, it was not possible to reverse the syndrome picture, resulting in amputation of the affected limb. So it is a serious condition, underdiagnosed that has no previous descriptions in the national literature, and when neglected leads in amputation.

A síndrome compartimental é uma afecção que leva à isquemia e necrose dos tecidos envolvidos, gerando graves lesões quando não identificada precocemente. Este trabalho relata o caso de uma gata de 3 anos de idade, sem raça definida, com aproximadamente 3,2 kg, atendida em uma clínica na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, com fratura proximal completa de rádio e ulna no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia (osteossíntese de rádio e ulna), 36 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico foram observados sinais da síndrome como diminuição da temperatura do segmento distal 3 cm abaixo da fratura, cianose, ausência de dor e propriocepção. Diante desses sintomas foi realizado fasciotomias na tentativa de recuperar a perfusão sanguínea. Após 7 dias de tratamento, não foi possível reverter o quadro da síndrome, resultando em amputação do membro acometido. Logo, trata-se de uma afecção grave, subdiagnosticada que não apresenta descrições prévias na literatura nacional, e quando negligenciada enseja em amputação.

Compartment syndrome suspected in domestic cat after radius and ulna fixation - case report / Suspeita de síndrome compartimental em gato doméstico após osteossíntese de rádio e ulna - relato de caso

The compartmental syndrome is a condition, which leads to ischemia and necrosis of the tissues involved, causing, if not identified early severe injuries. We report here the case of a 3-year-old mongrel cat, with approximately 3.2 kg treated at a clinic in Cuiabá-MT, with complete fracture of the proximal radius and ulna in the right forelimb. The patient underwent surgery (osteosynthesis radio and ulna), 36 hours after the surgical procedure were observed signs of the syndrome as the decrease of the temperature 3 cm distal to the fracture, cyanosis, absence of pain and proprioception. Confronted with these symptoms fasciotomy was conducted in attempt to recover the blood perfusion. After 7 days of treatment, it was not possible to reverse the syndrome picture, resulting in amputation of the affected limb. So it is a serious condition, underdiagnosed that has no previous descriptions in the national literature, and when neglected leads in amputation.(AU)

A síndrome compartimental é uma afecção que leva à isquemia e necrose dos tecidos envolvidos, gerando graves lesões quando não identificada precocemente. Este trabalho relata o caso de uma gata de 3 anos de idade, sem raça definida, com aproximadamente 3,2 kg, atendida em uma clínica na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, com fratura proximal completa de rádio e ulna no membro torácico direito. O paciente foi submetido à cirurgia (osteossíntese de rádio e ulna), 36 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico foram observados sinais da síndrome como diminuição da temperatura do segmento distal 3 cm abaixo da fratura, cianose, ausência de dor e propriocepção. Diante desses sintomas foi realizado fasciotomias na tentativa de recuperar a perfusão sanguínea. Após 7 dias de tratamento, não foi possível reverter o quadro da síndrome, resultando em amputação do membro acometido. Logo, trata-se de uma afecção grave, subdiagnosticada que não apresenta descrições prévias na literatura nacional, e quando negligenciada enseja em amputação.(AU)

Effects of epidural anesthesia with tramadol, ropivacaine or tramadol-ropivacaine combination, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy under anesthesia with isoflurane / Efeitos da anestesia epidural com tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia com isoflurano

Epidural anesthesia is a locoregional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia and muscle relaxation in the-retroumbilical region. The combination of opioids and local anesthetics increased the intensity and duration of analgesia by causing immediate motor and sensory nerve blockade, and improved recovery after surgery. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the trans- and postoperative cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of epidurally administered tramadol, ropivacaine and tramadol-ropivacaine combination in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The effect of isoflurane concentration was also evaluated. This study was performed on 24 female mongrel dogs, pre-medicated with chlorpromazine (0.5 mg kg-1, IV) and, anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. The first group receveid epidural tramadol (2 mg kg-1, GT group), the second group received ropivacaine (1.5 mg kg-1, GR group), and the third group received a tramadol-ropivacaine combination at the abovementioned doses (GTR group). At pre-defined time points, classified into pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods, cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia were analyzed for a period of up to 420 min following epidural anesthesia. The check analgesia was check of approximately 105, 217 and 382 minutes, in GR, in GT and GTR respectively, and no cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The drugs used in this study are considered safe and effective for ovariohysterectomy due to the cardiorespiratory stability and transoperative analgesia provided by them. However, the combination of ropivacaine and tramadol ensured a greater reduction in the inhaled anesthetic dose and better analgesia during in the postoperative period.

A anestesia epidural é uma técnica anestésica locorregional que proporciona analgesia e relaxamento muscular na região retroumbilical. A associação de opioides com os anestésicos locais contribui para o aumento da intensidade e prolongamento da analgesia, ocorrendo bloqueio sensitivo e motor imediato, melhorando a recuperação no período pós-operatório. Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente no transe pós-operatório, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia proporcionada pelo tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, pela via epidural, bem como a concentração anestésica do isoflurano no transoperatório, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Este estudo foi realizado com 24 fêmeas da espécie canina, pré-medicadas com clorpromazina (0,5 mg Kg-1 IV), anestesiadas com propofol (à efeito) e isoflurano, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, nas quais foi utilizado pela via epidural 2 mg Kg-1 de tramadol (GT), 1,5 mg Kg-1 de ropivacaína (GR) ou sua associação (GTR) nas doses citadas anteriormente. Em momentos pré-definidos, dos períodos pré, trans- e pós-operatório, foram analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia por um período de até 420 minutos após a anestesia epidural. Pode-se verificar analgesia de aproximadamente 105, 217 e 382 minutos, no GR, no GT e no GTR respectivamente, e ausência de depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Os fármacos utilizados neste estudo podem ser considerados seguros e eficientes para a técnica cirúrgica em questão devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e analgesia trans-operatória, porém, a associação de ropivacaína e tramadol promoveu maior redução no anestésico inalatório e melhor analgesia no períodopós-operatório.

Effects of epidural anesthesia with tramadol, ropivacaine or tramadol-ropivacaine combination, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy under anesthesia with isoflurane / Efeitos da anestesia epidural com tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia com isoflurano

Epidural anesthesia is a locoregional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia and muscle relaxation in the-retroumbilical region. The combination of opioids and local anesthetics increased the intensity and duration of analgesia by causing immediate motor and sensory nerve blockade, and improved recovery after surgery. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the trans- and postoperative cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of epidurally administered tramadol, ropivacaine and tramadol-ropivacaine combination in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The effect of isoflurane concentration was also evaluated. This study was performed on 24 female mongrel dogs, pre-medicated with chlorpromazine (0.5 mg kg-1, IV) and, anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. The first group receveid epidural tramadol (2 mg kg-1, GT group), the second group received ropivacaine (1.5 mg kg-1, GR group), and the third group received a tramadol-ropivacaine combination at the abovementioned doses (GTR group). At pre-defined time points, classified into pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods, cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia were analyzed for a period of up to 420 min following epidural anesthesia. The check analgesia was check of approximately 105, 217 and 382 minutes, in GR, in GT and GTR respectively, and no cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The drugs used in this study are considered safe and effective for ovariohysterectomy due to the cardiorespiratory stability and transoperative analgesia provided by them. However, the combination of ropivacaine and tramadol ensured a greater reduction in the inhaled anesthetic dose and better analgesia during in the postoperative period.(AU)

A anestesia epidural é uma técnica anestésica locorregional que proporciona analgesia e relaxamento muscular na região retroumbilical. A associação de opioides com os anestésicos locais contribui para o aumento da intensidade e prolongamento da analgesia, ocorrendo bloqueio sensitivo e motor imediato, melhorando a recuperação no período pós-operatório. Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente no transe pós-operatório, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia proporcionada pelo tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, pela via epidural, bem como a concentração anestésica do isoflurano no transoperatório, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Este estudo foi realizado com 24 fêmeas da espécie canina, pré-medicadas com clorpromazina (0,5 mg Kg-1 IV), anestesiadas com propofol (à efeito) e isoflurano, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, nas quais foi utilizado pela via epidural 2 mg Kg-1 de tramadol (GT), 1,5 mg Kg-1 de ropivacaína (GR) ou sua associação (GTR) nas doses citadas anteriormente. Em momentos pré-definidos, dos períodos pré, trans- e pós-operatório, foram analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia por um período de até 420 minutos após a anestesia epidural. Pode-se verificar analgesia de aproximadamente 105, 217 e 382 minutos, no GR, no GT e no GTR respectivamente, e ausência de depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Os fármacos utilizados neste estudo podem ser considerados seguros e eficientes para a técnica cirúrgica em questão devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e analgesia trans-operatória, porém, a associação de ropivacaína e tramadol promoveu maior redução no anestésico inalatório e melhor analgesia no períodopós-operatório.(AU)

Effects of 1% topical brinzolamide on intraocular pressure in healthy dogs

Background: Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in dogs, and is generally characterized by death of the retinal ganglion cells associated with a rapid loss of vision. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) occurs in patients with primary glaucoma, due to genetic abnormalities in pectinal ligaments and the trabeculae of the iridocorneal angle, producing inadequate drainage of aqueous humor. IOP is the result of the dynamic equilibrium between the production and drainage of aqueous humor. Intraocular surgery, anterior lens luxation, systemic diseases, immune-mediated, neoplastic and infectious diseases lead to the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and increase the amount of protein and cells in aqueous humor, which can block this drainage pathway. Under these conditions, becomes indispensable the pharmacological control of IOP by reducing aqueous humor production. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of topical 1% brinzolamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) in twelve healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: The age range of affected dogs was 1-5 years, with a mean age of 2.5 years. Twelve dogs were included in this study. All animals were healthy based on clinical, ophthalmic and hematological examinations. Selected animals were kept in a room with 500 lux luminosity, 56.8% relative humidity, 20C temperature, exposed to [...](AU)