Presença da mutação do gene BRCA1 em cadelas com tumores mamários malignos / Presence of BRCA1 gene mutation in bitches with malignant mammary tumors

Mammary tumors (MTs) in bitches are similar to breast cancers in women. Thus, they can be used as a model for human breast cancer and findings can be extrapolated for use in human medicine. BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene. When the gene has a mutation, it cannot repair damaged DNA, which causes genetic instability and tumorigenesis. Therefore, we aimed to study the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BRCA1 gene that are associated with distinct histological types of malignant MT in bitches. The study population consisted of 91 bitches, including a control group of 6 animals with healthy mammary glands and 85 animals with MTs. All animals underwent a presurgery evaluation consisting of a questionnaire administered to the person responsible for the animal, a physical examination, collection of peripheral blood for hematological and serum biochemistry evaluations, an electrocardiogram, and a preanesthesia evaluation. In addition, distant metastasis was studied via chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound. After evaluations were complete, the animals that could undergo surgery were administered general anesthesia and underwent a mastectomy or mammary gland sample collection. Histopathological examination and molecular analysis were performed to identify mutations in the BRCA1 gene. Histopathological examinations found 10 different types of malignant tumors in 36 sick animals. Tumor samples plus samples from the 6 control animals were subjected to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and genetic sequencing. The tumor with the highest incidence (33.33%) was a complex carcinoma, followed by carcinoma in mixed tumor (13.88), tubular carcinoma (13.88) and carcinosarcoma (13.88). Molecular analysis revealed 3 different SNP points in 5 samples (4006G>A, 3619A>G, and 3761C>T). The allelic variant 4006G>A (1/36) resulted in the alteration of the amino acid valine by isoleucine (V1336 I). The mutation 3619A>G (2/36) inserted the amino acid alanine instead of threonine (T1207 A). The mutation 3761C>T (2/36) led to the alteration of the amino acid serine by phenylalanine (S1254 F), a mutation for which there are no published reports. The histological types that showed BRCA1 mutations were complex carcinoma (1/5), carcinoma in mixed tumor (1/5), papillary carcinoma (1/5) and tubular carcinoma (2/5). Software analysis identified the new SNP (nucleotide 3761) in BRCA1 and 2 point mutations in nucleotides 4006 and 3619 and responsible for genetic instability. The development of breast cancer is caused by many endogenous and exogenous factors. The results of our study show that these factors have a greater presence in female, mixed breed, uncastrated, and older dogs, confirming the data in the veterinary literature. In the present study, we found different histological types of malignant breast tumors with mutations in the BRCA1 gene, as other authors have reported. However, we also found the mutation 3761C>T, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. This shows the need for studies in veterinary medicine that assess mutations in the BRCA1 gene and the most common histological types. In conclusion, SNPs in the BRCA1 gene cause genetic instability, resulting in additional mutations that lead to the development of breast tumors. They are point mutations that affect transcription, resulting in truncated proteins. These proteins may have a loss of function, leading to carcinogenesis.(AU)

Influência de diferentes doses de butorfanol na anestesia com sevofluorano em papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) / Influence of different doses of butorphanol in anesthesia with sevoflurane in blue-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva)

Background: Parrots frequently require veterinary medical care. To reduce their stress, it is necessary to use chemical restraint or anesthesia. The use of balanced anesthesia techniques such as combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs is recommended. However, there is a shortage of anesthetic and analgesic protocols and data on cardiovascular and respiratory variables in wild birds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects and the quality of anesthetic recovery in blue-front parrots (Amazona aestiva) anesthetized with sevoflurane in combination with various doses of butorphanol. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four clinically healthy animals, based on their clinical and hematological results (hematocrit and total plasma protein), were divided into 3 groups: 1- sevofluoran alone (GS); 2- associated with butorphanol at 3 mg/kg (GB3), and 3- 6 mg/kg (GB6) doses administered via the intramuscular (IM) route; digital clamping was used as a nociceptive stimulus. Induction and anesthetic maintenance were performed with sevoflurane at 5 and 2.5 V%, respectively, administered through a calibrated vaporizer and an anesthetic system adequate for the weight of the animals that were kept under spontaneous ventilation. It took 15 min after induction for the expired sevoflurane concentration (EtSevo) to stabilize, after which one intramuscular treatment was applied. The digital clamping was continued as a supramaximal nociceptive stimulus; if it presented a positive response, EtSevo increased by 10%, and when the stimulus decreased by 20%, digital clamping was repeated every 15 min until a positive response to the stimulus was observed. Heart rate (HR) and rhythm, respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), EtSevo, expired CO2 (EtCO2 ), and body temperature (T°C) were measured during digital clamping. At the end, anesthetic...

Photogrammetry and 3D prototyping: A low-cost resource for training in veterinary orthopedics / Fotogrametria e prototipagem 3D: Um recurso low-cost para treinamento em ortopedia veterinária

Rapid prototyping (RP) is an innovative technology that allows one to obtain a prototype of a mold quickly and accurately from a virtual model. This study aimed to establish the use of photogrammetry and 3D prototyping for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species for training in orthopedic techniques in veterinary medicine. Virtual bio-modelling was performed by the photogrammetry technique with commercial anatomical pieces, and physical biomodelling was performed by 3D printing. Osteotomies were performed on the biomodels that served as platforms for osteosynthesis of the femur and ileum, and the final product was not associated with a risk of biological contamination, was able to support special orthopedic materials, and was used for training and surgical planning. We concluded that the use of photogrammetry and RP for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species enabled techniques for fracture reduction to be performed with the use of special instruments, enabling training in the area of veterinary orthopedics in an economically viable manner with an alternative ­to experimental animals.

A prototipagem rápida (PR) é uma tecnologia inovadora que permite obter o protótipo de um molde com rapidez e precisão a partir de um modelo virtual. Esse estudo objetivou estabelecer o uso da fotogrametria e prototipagem 3D para a produção de biomodelos de ossos da espécie canina, para treinamento em técnicas ortopédicas em Medicina Veterinária. Utilizou-se a biomodelagem virtual através da técnica de fotogrametria de peças anatômicas comerciais e a biomodelagem física através de impressão 3D. Foram realizadas osteotomias nos biomodelos, que serviram para realização de osteossínteses de fêmur e íleo, sendo que o produto final não ofereceu risco de contaminação biológica, foi resistente para suportar matérias especiais ortopédicos, servindo para o treinamento e planejamento cirúrgico. Concluímos que a utilização da fotogrametria e PR para a produção de biomodelos de ossos da espécie canina, permitiu a execução de técnicas para redução de fraturas e capacitação na utilização de instrumentais especiais, possibilitando treinamento na área de ortopedia veterinária de maneira economicamente viável e uma alternativa em substituição aos animais de experimentação.

Parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale em cão: aspectos clínico-cirúrgico / Parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in a dog: clinical and surgical aspects

Background: Dioctophimosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, more commonly known as “giantKidney worm,” and can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity, which is related to the patient’s eatinghabits. Most of the animals affected are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, finding eggs ofthe parasite in the urine, or necropsy. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We aimed to reportthe accidental diagnosis of parasitism by D. renale in an 8-year-old dog, which was surgically treated by nephrectomy ofthe right kidney after evident destruction of the renal parenchyma on ultrasonography.Case: An 8-year-old Boxer female dog underwent a physical examination and showed a mass in the region of the left caudal thoracic breast, bilateral alopecia on flanks, and purulent ocular secretions. Laboratory tests of complete blood count(CBC) and serum biochemical profile, X-ray examination, and ultrasonography were requested. Anemia was observedon the erythrogram, and enzymes (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and albumin) were within normallimits. There were no abnormalities on X-ray examination, and abdominal ultrasonography showed slight splenomegaly,enlarged left kidney, reduced corticomedullary region, measuring approximately 7.63 cm longitudinally. In the rightkidney, loss of the renal parenchyma, measuring approximately 5.49 cm in diameter and the presence of a cylindrical androunded structure, typical of D. renale infection. After this, a urinalysis was suggested, which revealed the presence ofthe helminthic eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affectedkidney as treatment. The kidney showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. A single parasite was removed, measuringapproximately 46 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated and was hospitalized for...

Parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale em cão: aspectos clínico-cirúrgico / Parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in a dog: clinical and surgical aspects

Background: Dioctophimosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, more commonly known as “giantKidney worm,” and can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity, which is related to the patients eatinghabits. Most of the animals affected are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, finding eggs ofthe parasite in the urine, or necropsy. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We aimed to reportthe accidental diagnosis of parasitism by D. renale in an 8-year-old dog, which was surgically treated by nephrectomy ofthe right kidney after evident destruction of the renal parenchyma on ultrasonography.Case: An 8-year-old Boxer female dog underwent a physical examination and showed a mass in the region of the left caudal thoracic breast, bilateral alopecia on flanks, and purulent ocular secretions. Laboratory tests of complete blood count(CBC) and serum biochemical profile, X-ray examination, and ultrasonography were requested. Anemia was observedon the erythrogram, and enzymes (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and albumin) were within normallimits. There were no abnormalities on X-ray examination, and abdominal ultrasonography showed slight splenomegaly,enlarged left kidney, reduced corticomedullary region, measuring approximately 7.63 cm longitudinally. In the rightkidney, loss of the renal parenchyma, measuring approximately 5.49 cm in diameter and the presence of a cylindrical androunded structure, typical of D. renale infection. After this, a urinalysis was suggested, which revealed the presence ofthe helminthic eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affectedkidney as treatment. The kidney showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. A single parasite was removed, measuringapproximately 46 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated and was hospitalized for...(AU)

Photogrammetry and 3D prototyping: A low-cost resource for training in veterinary orthopedics / Fotogrametria e prototipagem 3D: Um recurso low-cost para treinamento em ortopedia veterinária

Rapid prototyping (RP) is an innovative technology that allows one to obtain a prototype of a mold quickly and accurately from a virtual model. This study aimed to establish the use of photogrammetry and 3D prototyping for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species for training in orthopedic techniques in veterinary medicine. Virtual bio-modelling was performed by the photogrammetry technique with commercial anatomical pieces, and physical biomodelling was performed by 3D printing. Osteotomies were performed on the biomodels that served as platforms for osteosynthesis of the femur and ileum, and the final product was not associated with a risk of biological contamination, was able to support special orthopedic materials, and was used for training and surgical planning. We concluded that the use of photogrammetry and RP for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species enabled techniques for fracture reduction to be performed with the use of special instruments, enabling training in the area of veterinary orthopedics in an economically viable manner with an alternative ­to experimental animals.(AU)

A prototipagem rápida (PR) é uma tecnologia inovadora que permite obter o protótipo de um molde com rapidez e precisão a partir de um modelo virtual. Esse estudo objetivou estabelecer o uso da fotogrametria e prototipagem 3D para a produção de biomodelos de ossos da espécie canina, para treinamento em técnicas ortopédicas em Medicina Veterinária. Utilizou-se a biomodelagem virtual através da técnica de fotogrametria de peças anatômicas comerciais e a biomodelagem física através de impressão 3D. Foram realizadas osteotomias nos biomodelos, que serviram para realização de osteossínteses de fêmur e íleo, sendo que o produto final não ofereceu risco de contaminação biológica, foi resistente para suportar matérias especiais ortopédicos, servindo para o treinamento e planejamento cirúrgico. Concluímos que a utilização da fotogrametria e PR para a produção de biomodelos de ossos da espécie canina, permitiu a execução de técnicas para redução de fraturas e capacitação na utilização de instrumentais especiais, possibilitando treinamento na área de ortopedia veterinária de maneira economicamente viável e uma alternativa em substituição aos animais de experimentação.(AU)

Comparison of the effects of maropitant, lidocaine, and dextroketamine administered by the intratesticular route in dogs undergoing elective orchiectomy

Background: Balanced anesthesia achieved with combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs administered systemicallyor in loco-regional anesthetic blocks, is widely used in veterinary medicine. The use of anesthesia and/or local analgesiahas already demonstrated benefits in the performance of elective orchiectomy in different species, there is no literature thatevaluates the use of the maropitant intratesticular route. The present study evaluated the cardiorespiratory variables andanalgesia produced by intratesticular blockade with maropitant, lidocaine, or dextroketamine during the trans-operativeperiod along with the discharge and anesthetic recovery of dogs that underwent elective orchiectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Used twenty-four dogs from routine elective orchiectomy, considered healthy based onthe results of clinical and hematological tests. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and was applied intratesticularly 2% lidocaine at a dose of 1 mg/kg (GL), 5% dextrocetamina at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (GC), or 1% maropitantat a dose of 1 mg/kg (GM). Anesthesia induction was performed with propofol (to effect), and stabilization of inhalationalanesthesia was achieved with 1.7 V% of sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen administered through a calibrated vaporizerand appropriate anesthetic system based on the animal’s weight, being kept under spontaneous ventilation, After induction, we waited 10 min for stabilization of exhaled anesthetic concentration and then administered one of the treatmentsintratesticularly. After five min from the local block the surgical procedure was started during up to 15 min. Heart rate(HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure(MAP), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SatO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (EtCO2), end-tidal sevofluraneconcentration...

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.(AU)

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.(AU)

Comparison of the effects of maropitant, lidocaine, and dextroketamine administered by the intratesticular route in dogs undergoing elective orchiectomy

Background: Balanced anesthesia achieved with combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs administered systemicallyor in loco-regional anesthetic blocks, is widely used in veterinary medicine. The use of anesthesia and/or local analgesiahas already demonstrated benefits in the performance of elective orchiectomy in different species, there is no literature thatevaluates the use of the maropitant intratesticular route. The present study evaluated the cardiorespiratory variables andanalgesia produced by intratesticular blockade with maropitant, lidocaine, or dextroketamine during the trans-operativeperiod along with the discharge and anesthetic recovery of dogs that underwent elective orchiectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Used twenty-four dogs from routine elective orchiectomy, considered healthy based onthe results of clinical and hematological tests. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and was applied intratesticularly 2% lidocaine at a dose of 1 mg/kg (GL), 5% dextrocetamina at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (GC), or 1% maropitantat a dose of 1 mg/kg (GM). Anesthesia induction was performed with propofol (to effect), and stabilization of inhalationalanesthesia was achieved with 1.7 V% of sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen administered through a calibrated vaporizerand appropriate anesthetic system based on the animals weight, being kept under spontaneous ventilation, After induction, we waited 10 min for stabilization of exhaled anesthetic concentration and then administered one of the treatmentsintratesticularly. After five min from the local block the surgical procedure was started during up to 15 min. Heart rate(HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure(MAP), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SatO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (EtCO2), end-tidal sevofluraneconcentration...(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.

Anesthesia In A Giant Armadillo (Priodontes Maximus) For Femoral Fracture Fixation

An adult female armadillo (Priodontes maximus) weighing 32.4 kg was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT) - Campus Cuiabá. Results of clinical and complementary examinations revealed a complete oblique fracture of the middle third of the femur. As a pre-anesthetic regimen, a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) was administered, and analgesic support with morphine (0.5 mg/kg) and dipyrone (25 mg/kg) was provided. This was followed by induction of anesthesia through a facial mask and its maintenance with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen by means of a calibrated vaporizer. The anesthetic system used was suitable for the weight of the animal; the animal breathed spontaneously. During the procedure, the animal had stable cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, and had a fast and satisfactory recovery.

Anesthesia In A Giant Armadillo (Priodontes Maximus) For Femoral Fracture Fixation

An adult female armadillo (Priodontes maximus) weighing 32.4 kg was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT) - Campus Cuiabá. Results of clinical and complementary examinations revealed a complete oblique fracture of the middle third of the femur. As a pre-anesthetic regimen, a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) was administered, and analgesic support with morphine (0.5 mg/kg) and dipyrone (25 mg/kg) was provided. This was followed by induction of anesthesia through a facial mask and its maintenance with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen by means of a calibrated vaporizer. The anesthetic system used was suitable for the weight of the animal; the animal breathed spontaneously. During the procedure, the animal had stable cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, and had a fast and satisfactory recovery.(AU)

Total hemipelvectomy in a cat with osteoblastic osteosarcoma / Hemipelvectomia total em um gato com osteossarcoma osteoblástico

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior.The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge.Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described.No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up. Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the [...](AU)

Anestesia total intravenosa com propofol associado ao fentanil, lidocaínaou cetamina em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia eletiva / Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol associated with fentanyl, lidocaine or ketamine in bitches submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy

Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is an alternative to inhalation anesthesia because it offers smoother anesthetic recovery, however, since propofol does not have adequate analgesic action, it is necessary to associate it with some drug to avoid the pain process. In addition, the combination may minimize cardiovascular depression resulting from continuous infusion of propofol by reducing infusion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory parameters and anesthetic recovery in bitches submitted to continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine associated with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four bitches were medicated intramuscularly with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups with different analgesic treatments: group F (GF) received a loading dose (LD) of 0.0036 mg/kg fentanyl, followed by continuous infusion of 0.0036 mg/kg/h; group L (GL), LD of 3 mg/kg lidocaine, followed by 3 mg/kg/h and group K (GK), LD of 0.6 mg/kg ketamine, followed by 0.6 mg/kg/h. First a LD of analgesic treatment was administered, followed by induction (to the effect) and beginning of continuous infusion of the analgesic treatment and propofol. The animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of adequate size, and connected to 100% oxygen, being kept under spontaneous ventilation during the entire period of anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of propofol started at 0.34 mg/kg/min and was adjusted so as to maintain the surgical anesthesia plane of Guedel and the cardiovascular parameters within the physiological limits for the species. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at different moments: basal (before application of any drug) and 5, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min after induction. The surgery started 20 min after anesthetic induction and lasted 60 min. […](AU)

Anestesia total intravenosa com propofol associado ao fentanil, lidocaínaou cetamina em cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia eletiva / Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol associated with fentanyl, lidocaine or ketamine in bitches submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy

Background: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol is an alternative to inhalation anesthesia because it offers smoother anesthetic recovery, however, since propofol does not have adequate analgesic action, it is necessary to associate it with some drug to avoid the pain process. In addition, the combination may minimize cardiovascular depression resulting from continuous infusion of propofol by reducing infusion rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiorespiratory parameters and anesthetic recovery in bitches submitted to continuous infusion of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine associated with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and submitted to elective ovariohisterectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four bitches were medicated intramuscularly with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine. After 30 min, they were divided into three groups with different analgesic treatments: group F (GF) received a loading dose (LD) of 0.0036 mg/kg fentanyl, followed by continuous infusion of 0.0036 mg/kg/h; group L (GL), LD of 3 mg/kg lidocaine, followed by 3 mg/kg/h and group K (GK), LD of 0.6 mg/kg ketamine, followed by 0.6 mg/kg/h. First a LD of analgesic treatment was administered, followed by induction (to the effect) and beginning of continuous infusion of the analgesic treatment and propofol. The animals were intubated with endotracheal tube of adequate size, and connected to 100% oxygen, being kept under spontaneous ventilation during the entire period of anesthetic maintenance. The infusion of propofol started at 0.34 mg/kg/min and was adjusted so as to maintain the surgical anesthesia plane of Guedel and the cardiovascular parameters within the physiological limits for the species. The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at different moments: basal (before application of any drug) and 5, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min after induction. The surgery started 20 min after anesthetic induction and lasted 60 min. […]

Total hemipelvectomy in a cat with osteoblastic osteosarcoma / Hemipelvectomia total em um gato com osteossarcoma osteoblástico

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior.The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge.Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described.No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up. Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the [...]

Rural area of the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands associated with the occurrence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs / Área rural do Pantanal brasileiro associada à ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em cães

An evaluation was made of the presence of anti-Leishmania infantum chagasi antibodies in domestic dogs from the urban and rural areas of Brazil's Pantanal wetland region using serological techniques. A total of 429 dogs were sampled in three areas of the Pantanal biome, including the municipalities of Poconé, Santo Antônio de Leverger, and Barão de Melgaço, in the state of Mato Grosso, and in the municipality of Corumbá, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect antibodies (cut-off point 40) using Leishmania infantum chagasi antigen. Because of the possibility of cross-reactivity between species of the genus Leishmania, samples that were positive in the IFA against L. infantum chagasi were also tested by IFA in the same conditions, using L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis antigens. IFA-positive samples to L. infantum chagasi were also evaluated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed the presence of antibodies against L. infantum chagasi in 23 (5.36%; 95% CI: 3.50%-8.05%) dogs and at least one seroreactive dog was found in each of the municipalities evaluated in this study. Antibody titers ranged from 40 to 5,120, and all IFA positive samples were positive in the ELISA. Among the 23 positive dogs, nine were also were seroreactive for L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis antigens. The occurrence of anti- L. infantum chagasi antibodies in dogs was higher in rural areas (7.06%) than in urban areas (2.50%) (P < 0.05). Based on this study, we concluded that dogs from rural areas of the Pantanal wetlands were in contact with Leishmania species, which is relevant information given their importance to public health.(AU)

Neste trabalho foi realizada uma avaliação sobre a presença de anticorpos anti-Leishmania infantum chagasi em cães domésticos das áreas urbanas e rurais da região do Pantanal brasileiro usando técnicas sorológicas. Um total de 429 cães foram amostrados em três áreas do bioma do Pantanal, incluindo os municípios de Poconé, Santo Antônio de Leverger e Barão de Melgaço, em Mato Grosso, e o município de Corumbá, em Mato Grosso do Sul. A reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) foi utilizada para detectar anticorpos (ponto de corte de 40) de Leishmania infantum chagasi como antígeno. Devido à possibilidade de reação cruzada entre as espécies do gênero Leishmania, as amostras positivas na RIFI para L. infantum chagasi foram também avaliadas na RIFI utilizando L. amazonensis e L. braziliensis como antígenos. As amostras positivas na RIFI para L. infantum chagasi foram avaliadas utilizando o ensaio de imunoadsorção ligado à enzima (ELISA). Os resultados mostraram a presença de anticorpos contra L. infantum chagasi em 23 (5,36%; IC 95%: 3,50% -8,05%) cães e pelo menos um cão soro-reativo foi encontrado em todos os municípios avaliados neste estudo. Os títulos de anticorpos variaram de 40 a 5.120 e todas as amostras positivas na RIFI foram positivas no ELISA. Entre os 23 cães positivos, nove também reagiram para L. amazonensis e L. braziliensis. A ocorrência de anticorpos anti-L. infantum chagasi em cães foi maior nas áreas rurais (7,06%) do que nas áreas urbanas (2,50%) (P < 0,05). Com base neste estudo, concluímos que cães de áreas rurais do Pantanal tiveram contato com espécies de Leishmania, o que é uma informação relevante, dada a sua importância para a saúde pública.(AU)

Rural area of the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands associated with the occurrence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs / Área rural do Pantanal brasileiro associada à ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em cães

An evaluation was made of the presence of anti-Leishmania infantum chagasi antibodies in domestic dogs from the urban and rural areas of Brazil's Pantanal wetland region using serological techniques. A total of 429 dogs were sampled in three areas of the Pantanal biome, including the municipalities of Poconé, Santo Antônio de Leverger, and Barão de Melgaço, in the state of Mato Grosso, and in the municipality of Corumbá, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect antibodies (cut-off point 40) using Leishmania infantum chagasi antigen. Because of the possibility of cross-reactivity between species of the genus Leishmania, samples that were positive in the IFA against L. infantum chagasi were also tested by IFA in the same conditions, using L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis antigens. IFA-positive samples to L. infantum chagasi were also evaluated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed the presence of antibodies against L. infantum chagasi in 23 (5.36%; 95% CI: 3.50%-8.05%) dogs and at least one seroreactive dog was found in each of the municipalities evaluated in this study. Antibody titers ranged from 40 to 5,120, and all IFA positive samples were positive in the ELISA. Among the 23 positive dogs, nine were also were seroreactive for L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis antigens. The occurrence of anti- L. infantum chagasi antibodies in dogs was higher in rural areas (7.06%) than in urban areas (2.50%) (P < 0.05). Based on this study, we concluded that dogs from rural areas of the Pantanal wetlands were in contact with Leishmania species, which is relevant information given their importance to public health.(AU)

Neste trabalho foi realizada uma avaliação sobre a presença de anticorpos anti-Leishmania infantum chagasi em cães domésticos das áreas urbanas e rurais da região do Pantanal brasileiro usando técnicas sorológicas. Um total de 429 cães foram amostrados em três áreas do bioma do Pantanal, incluindo os municípios de Poconé, Santo Antônio de Leverger e Barão de Melgaço, em Mato Grosso, e o município de Corumbá, em Mato Grosso do Sul. A reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) foi utilizada para detectar anticorpos (ponto de corte de 40) de Leishmania infantum chagasi como antígeno. Devido à possibilidade de reação cruzada entre as espécies do gênero Leishmania, as amostras positivas na RIFI para L. infantum chagasi foram também avaliadas na RIFI utilizando L. amazonensis e L. braziliensis como antígenos. As amostras positivas na RIFI para L. infantum chagasi foram avaliadas utilizando o ensaio de imunoadsorção ligado à enzima (ELISA). Os resultados mostraram a presença de anticorpos contra L. infantum chagasi em 23 (5,36%; IC 95%: 3,50% -8,05%) cães e pelo menos um cão soro-reativo foi encontrado em todos os municípios avaliados neste estudo. Os títulos de anticorpos variaram de 40 a 5.120 e todas as amostras positivas na RIFI foram positivas no ELISA. Entre os 23 cães positivos, nove também reagiram para L. amazonensis e L. braziliensis. A ocorrência de anticorpos anti-L. infantum chagasi em cães foi maior nas áreas rurais (7,06%) do que nas áreas urbanas (2,50%) (P < 0,05). Com base neste estudo, concluímos que cães de áreas rurais do Pantanal tiveram contato com espécies de Leishmania, o que é uma informação relevante, dada a sua importância para a saúde pública.(AU)

Effects of epidural anesthesia with tramadol, ropivacaine or tramadol-ropivacaine combination, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy under anesthesia with isoflurane / Efeitos da anestesia epidural com tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia com isoflurano

Epidural anesthesia is a locoregional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia and muscle relaxation in the-retroumbilical region. The combination of opioids and local anesthetics increased the intensity and duration of analgesia by causing immediate motor and sensory nerve blockade, and improved recovery after surgery. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the trans- and postoperative cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of epidurally administered tramadol, ropivacaine and tramadol-ropivacaine combination in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The effect of isoflurane concentration was also evaluated. This study was performed on 24 female mongrel dogs, pre-medicated with chlorpromazine (0.5 mg kg-1, IV) and, anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. The first group receveid epidural tramadol (2 mg kg-1, GT group), the second group received ropivacaine (1.5 mg kg-1, GR group), and the third group received a tramadol-ropivacaine combination at the abovementioned doses (GTR group). At pre-defined time points, classified into pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods, cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia were analyzed for a period of up to 420 min following epidural anesthesia. The check analgesia was check of approximately 105, 217 and 382 minutes, in GR, in GT and GTR respectively, and no cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The drugs used in this study are considered safe and effective for ovariohysterectomy due to the cardiorespiratory stability and transoperative analgesia provided by them. However, the combination of ropivacaine and tramadol ensured a greater reduction in the inhaled anesthetic dose and better analgesia during in the postoperative period.

A anestesia epidural é uma técnica anestésica locorregional que proporciona analgesia e relaxamento muscular na região retroumbilical. A associação de opioides com os anestésicos locais contribui para o aumento da intensidade e prolongamento da analgesia, ocorrendo bloqueio sensitivo e motor imediato, melhorando a recuperação no período pós-operatório. Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente no transe pós-operatório, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia proporcionada pelo tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, pela via epidural, bem como a concentração anestésica do isoflurano no transoperatório, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Este estudo foi realizado com 24 fêmeas da espécie canina, pré-medicadas com clorpromazina (0,5 mg Kg-1 IV), anestesiadas com propofol (à efeito) e isoflurano, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, nas quais foi utilizado pela via epidural 2 mg Kg-1 de tramadol (GT), 1,5 mg Kg-1 de ropivacaína (GR) ou sua associação (GTR) nas doses citadas anteriormente. Em momentos pré-definidos, dos períodos pré, trans- e pós-operatório, foram analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia por um período de até 420 minutos após a anestesia epidural. Pode-se verificar analgesia de aproximadamente 105, 217 e 382 minutos, no GR, no GT e no GTR respectivamente, e ausência de depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Os fármacos utilizados neste estudo podem ser considerados seguros e eficientes para a técnica cirúrgica em questão devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e analgesia trans-operatória, porém, a associação de ropivacaína e tramadol promoveu maior redução no anestésico inalatório e melhor analgesia no períodopós-operatório.

Effects of epidural anesthesia with tramadol, ropivacaine or tramadol-ropivacaine combination, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy under anesthesia with isoflurane / Efeitos da anestesia epidural com tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia sob anestesia com isoflurano

Epidural anesthesia is a locoregional anesthetic technique that provides analgesia and muscle relaxation in the-retroumbilical region. The combination of opioids and local anesthetics increased the intensity and duration of analgesia by causing immediate motor and sensory nerve blockade, and improved recovery after surgery. The objective was to comparatively evaluate the trans- and postoperative cardiorespiratory and analgesic effects of epidurally administered tramadol, ropivacaine and tramadol-ropivacaine combination in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The effect of isoflurane concentration was also evaluated. This study was performed on 24 female mongrel dogs, pre-medicated with chlorpromazine (0.5 mg kg-1, IV) and, anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups. The first group receveid epidural tramadol (2 mg kg-1, GT group), the second group received ropivacaine (1.5 mg kg-1, GR group), and the third group received a tramadol-ropivacaine combination at the abovementioned doses (GTR group). At pre-defined time points, classified into pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods, cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia were analyzed for a period of up to 420 min following epidural anesthesia. The check analgesia was check of approximately 105, 217 and 382 minutes, in GR, in GT and GTR respectively, and no cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The drugs used in this study are considered safe and effective for ovariohysterectomy due to the cardiorespiratory stability and transoperative analgesia provided by them. However, the combination of ropivacaine and tramadol ensured a greater reduction in the inhaled anesthetic dose and better analgesia during in the postoperative period.(AU)

A anestesia epidural é uma técnica anestésica locorregional que proporciona analgesia e relaxamento muscular na região retroumbilical. A associação de opioides com os anestésicos locais contribui para o aumento da intensidade e prolongamento da analgesia, ocorrendo bloqueio sensitivo e motor imediato, melhorando a recuperação no período pós-operatório. Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente no transe pós-operatório, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia proporcionada pelo tramadol, ropivacaína ou sua associação, pela via epidural, bem como a concentração anestésica do isoflurano no transoperatório, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Este estudo foi realizado com 24 fêmeas da espécie canina, pré-medicadas com clorpromazina (0,5 mg Kg-1 IV), anestesiadas com propofol (à efeito) e isoflurano, e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, nas quais foi utilizado pela via epidural 2 mg Kg-1 de tramadol (GT), 1,5 mg Kg-1 de ropivacaína (GR) ou sua associação (GTR) nas doses citadas anteriormente. Em momentos pré-definidos, dos períodos pré, trans- e pós-operatório, foram analisadas variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia por um período de até 420 minutos após a anestesia epidural. Pode-se verificar analgesia de aproximadamente 105, 217 e 382 minutos, no GR, no GT e no GTR respectivamente, e ausência de depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. Os fármacos utilizados neste estudo podem ser considerados seguros e eficientes para a técnica cirúrgica em questão devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e analgesia trans-operatória, porém, a associação de ropivacaína e tramadol promoveu maior redução no anestésico inalatório e melhor analgesia no períodopós-operatório.(AU)