Does the use of corn and soybean hulls affect calf performance in the preweaning period?

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of two levels of soybean hulls (0 and 400.1 g/kg) and whole or ground corn in the diet of newborn crossbred dairy male calves on intake, performance, blood indicators, and feeding cost. Twenty-eight calves with an average weight of 33.0±6.2 kg and four days of age were distributed into four treatment groups in a completely randomized design (n = 7) for 56 days. Weekly samples of feed, diets, and leftovers were collected to determine dry matter and nutrient intakes. To evaluate apparent digestibility, samples were taken using titanium dioxide as a maker. Blood samples were also collected to evaluate blood indicators. The inclusion of soybean hulls resulted in greater neutral detergent fiber intake by the calves, but reduced their non-fibrous carbohydrates intake, which was also reduced by the use of whole corn in the diet. Although the total digestible nutrients content of diets decreased with the use of whole corn and inclusion of soybean hulls, its intake did not vary (0.75 kg/d), regardless of the factors analyzed. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter (0.87 kg/kg) and crude protein (0.89 kg/kg) were similar, resulting in similar performance between the animals, regardless of the factors analyzed. In the quantities evaluated, the use of soybean hulls or whole corn did not affect blood indicators and was insufficient to reduce feed costs; the cost of daily feed was $2.06, while the cost per kilogram of gain was $3.74. The inclusion of up to 400.1 g/kg of soybean hulls or the replacement of ground corn with whole corn does not affect the performance of crossbred dairy calves during the preweaning period, demonstrating that both can be used in animal feed during this phase of production.(AU)

Impact of reference diet composition on apparent digestibility coefficients of two protein-rich ingredients in Nile tilapia

Protein quality is related to amino acid composition and digestibility. Accurate evaluation of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients in commonly used feedstuffs is paramount for formulating efficient aquafeed. ADCs of soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) were evaluated using reference diets formulated with two types of ingredients (semi-purified [SP] and practical [P]) for juvenile Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) of the GIFT strain. Groups of 20 juveniles (65.05 ± 12.37 g) were fed twice a day to apparent satiety with one of the four experimental diets (SBM-SP, SBM-P, PBM-SP, and PBM-P) in quadruplicate for 30 days. After the last feeding, feces were collected by siphoning hourly and the ADCs of dry matter, protein, and amino acids (AAs) were calculated. Nile tilapia exhibited a high capacity to digest SBM and PBM, with most ADCs exceeding 90 %. The type of reference diet affected the ADCs of protein and AAs on the test ingredients, with the SP reference diet providing the highest ADC, mainly in SBM. Digestibility data generated with a P-type reference diet demonstrated more practical relevance than those generated with an SP-type reference diet. They can be applied in digestibility studies for Nile tilapia.(AU)

Evaluation of Pelleting Mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor) Powder with Chokeberry By-product Meal To improve Duck Production and Meat Quality Traits

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation pelleted Tenebrio molitor (TM) powder with chokeberry by-product (CBP) meal on duck production and meat quality traits. A total of 180 0-day-old Pekin ducks were allocated randomly between three dietary groups viz., control, Treatment 1, and Treatment 2, with three pens per group and twenty birds per pen, characterized by increasing levels of pelleted TM powder with CBP meal in concentration of 0%, 1.5%, and 3%, respectively, and reared until 42 days of age in a completely randomized design. On day 42, the ducks were sacrificed, and breast and thigh muscles were used for meat quality evaluations. Feeding pelleted TM powder with CBP meal resulted in a significant difference in final body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Additionally, a significant difference was observed in the pH of the breast meat samples (p<0.05). As the only significant difference between the breast and thigh meat, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl radical scavenging was influenced significantly by the dietary inclusion of pelleted TM powder with CBP meal (p<0.05). However, the values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and meat color in both breast and thigh meat were insignificant (p>0.05) different among all groups. To conclude, the inclusion of up to 3 % of pelleted TM powder with CBP meal in the diets of ducks did improve the growth production and antioxidant characteristics effects, which could decrease TBARS and reflected by changes in 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl free DPPH radical scavenging values.(AU)

Intake, total apparent digestibility, and microbial efficiency of sheep fed pineapple waste silage in different planes of nutrition

The study aimed to nutritionally evaluate the silage of pineapple crop waste in sheep feeding in different planes of nutrition (L). We used eight growing sheep and four male castrated adults, in individual metabolic cages distributed in a switchback design with two treatments and three periods. The treatments were the different planes of nutrition: L = MEI/Mm, MEI/1.5Mm, and MEI/2.5Mm, in which L = MEI/Mm, MEI is the energy amount of the feed intake and Mm is the maintenance. We performed a digestibility trial of the diet composed of silage of pineapple crop waste, ground corn, and soybean meal. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Nutrient intake behaved linearly according to the increase in the L, except for organic matter, which presented a quadratic behavior. Planes of nutrition did not affect protein and fiber digestible fractions. However, digestible fractions of fat and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) increased with L. The indigestible fractions displayed a quadratic behavior with an increase in the L. Regarding the microbial synthesis efficiency, we observed a linear decrease with the increase in L. Thus, the silage of pineapple crop waste is a feed very rich in NFC. Besides, silage of pineapple crop waste presented a good alternative roughage during forage shortages. Diet inclusion of 2.5x the maintenance does not compromise the sheep performance.(AU)

Grape pomace silage on growth performance, carcass, and meat quality attributes of lambs

Grape pomace is a by-product that can be ensiled and added to animal feed for a sustainable animal production. This study evaluated the effects of grape pomace silage (GPS) on the intake, performance, and carcass and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Twenty-four male lambs (21.5 ± 3.0 kg initial body weight) were distributed into pairs to four diets levels 0, 10, 20, and 30 % of GPS. The addition of grape pomace silage influenced only ether extract (EE) intake linearly without hindering consumption. The diet did not affect performance and meat quality attributes and carcass parameters, with average daily gain (ADG) of 0.235 kg d-¹, feed conversion 4.299, carcass conformation 2.7, compactness index 0.25 kg cm-¹, fat thickness 1.51 mm, loin eye area 13.9 cm², pH 5.79, natural matter moisture 74.05 g 100 g-¹, and crude protein (CP) 19.94 g per 100 g-¹ of dry matter (DM). Grape pomace as could be used as silage in lamb diets with up to 30 % GPS, as the chemical composition of this by-product and the results indicate that GPS did not compromise performance, carcass traits, and meat quality.

Microalgal production under mixotrophic conditions using cheese whey as substrate

Microalgae are known for producing various biotechnological products. Moreover, they absorb nutrients from dairy wastewater, grow well, and accumulate valuable compounds faster. In this study, photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation with different initial lactose concentrations present in cheese whey (CW) were established to investigate their effect on cell concentration (Xm, mg L-1), cell productivity (Px, mg L-1day-1), and specific cell growth (µmax, day-1) of Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella tertiolecta,and Tetradesmus obliquus. The biomass production of C. vulgaris(Xm= 1,520 ± 30.3 mg L-1, Px = 147 ± 3.00 mg L-1, and µmax= 0.150 ± 0.00 mg L-1) in mixotrophic culture with 10.0 g L-1 of lactose, the main constituent of CW, was notably enhanced by 55% in comparison with their photoautotrophic cultures, whereas a lower effect of these lactose concentrations on cell growth was observed in T. obliquus and D. tertiolecta. Thus, mixotrophic cultivation of C. vulgarisusing CW as a carbon and energy source could be considered a feasible alternative to obtain high value-added biomass.(AU)

Potential of Soy Gum Emulsification in Starter Diets for Broiler Chickens

This study evaluated the viability of using soy gum (residue from soy processing to obtain degummed oil) as an emulsifier in starter diets for broilers (1 to 21 days). For this, 600 1-day-old male broilers (Cobb® 500) were randomly assigned in a factorial arrangement (3 x 4), with three levels of gum inclusion (0, 1.25, and 2.5%) and four levels of soybean oil (0,1.3, 2.6, and 3.9%), with 5 replicates of 10 birds each. At 7, 14, and 21 days of age, we analyzed the performance parameters, pancreatic lipase activity and digestibility coefficients. Inclusion of soy gum improved (p<0.05) the performance and the digestibility coefficient of the ether extract, increased (p<0.05) the levels of AME and AMEn. The higher inclusion of gum (2.5%) as an emulsifier resulted in improved performance, showing the best values of feed conversion, with increased ether extract digestibility, increased AME content of the diets, and a lower requirement for pancreatic lipase in micelle formation.(AU)

Physiological parameters of F1 Holstein × Zebu cows fed with banana peel / Parâmetros fisiológicos de vacas F1 Holandês × Zebu alimentadas com inclusão de casca de banana

The objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels of banana peel inclusion on the physiological variables of lactating F1 Holstein × Zebu cows. Ten cows distributed in two 5 × 5 Latin squares were used. Five experimental diets were tested: sorghum silage (control group); and the addition of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% of banana peel to replace sorghum silage. The experiment lasted 80 days. The environmental and physiological variables of the animals were measured. The Black Globe-Humidity Index presented an alert situation in the morning shift and a dangerous situation in the afternoon shift. The respiratory rate was not influenced by the levels of banana peel inclusion (P > 0.05) in the morning shift. However, it was influenced (P < 0.05) in the afternoon shift. The levels of banana peel inclusion in the diet did not affect the rectal temperature. Under the study environmental conditions, the level of up to 60% of banana peel replacing sorghum silage did not alter the physiological variables of thermoregulation in F1 Holstein × Zebu cows.

Objetivou-se avaliar níveis de inclusão da casca de banana sobre as variáveis fisiológicas de vacas F1 Holandesas × Zebu em lactação. Foram utilizadas 10 vacas distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 5×5. Sendo cinco dietas experimentais: silagem de sorgo (grupo controle); e a inserção de 15, 30, 45 e 60% da casca de banana em substituição a silagem de sorgo. O experimento teve duração de 80 dias. Mensuraram-se as variáveis ambientais e fisiológicas dos animais. O índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade encontrada no turno matutino apresentou uma situação de alerta e no turno vespertino uma situação perigosa. A frequência respiratória foi influenciada pelos níveis de inclusão de casca de banana no turno vespertino. A temperatura retal não foi influenciada pelos níveis de inclusão de casca de banana na dieta. Sob as condições ambientais estudadas, o nível de até 60% de casca de banana, em substituição a silagem de sorgo, não alterou as variáveis fisiológicas de termorregulação em vacas F1 Holandesas × Zebu.

Dietary supplementation of Agaricus bisporus stalk meal on growth performance, carcass and organ traits, meat quality, cecum mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts and intestinal histology in broiler chickens / Efeitos da suplementação dietética de farelo de caule de Agaricus bisporus no desempenho de crescimento, características de carcaça e órgãos, qualidade da carne, contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas cecais e histologia intestinal em frangos de corte

Effects of dietary Agaricus bisporus mixture or stalk or cap on growth performance, carcass components and some meat quality parameters, mesophilic aerobic bacterial counts, and intestinal histomorphology in broiler chickens were investigated. Two hundred and forty one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates, each including 15 birds. Chickens were fed with basal diet (C), mushroom mixture (MM, 10 g stalk+10 g cap/kg diet), mushroom stalk (MS, 20 g/kg diet) and mushroom cap (MC, 20 g/kg diet). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved (P < 0.01) by dietary MS while feed intake (FI) decreased (P < 0.01) in all treatment groups compared to control. However, body weight gain (BWG) was decreased (P < 0.01) by MC inclusion. Mushroom supplemented groups had higher (P < 0.05) mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the cecum. MS inclusion increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum (P < 0.01) and villus height in the ileum (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P < 0.05). MC increased (P < 0.01) crypt depth in the jejunum. There were no statistical differences among groups for carcass components (P > 0.05). The L* values were decreased (P < 0.01) in thigh meat but increased (P < 0.01) in breast meat by mushroom inclusion. The a* values were decreased (P < 0.01) and b* values were increased (P < 0.05) in both thigh and breast meat with mushroom addition to diet. The obtained results indicated that A. bisporus stalk meal at an inclusion level of 20 g/kg of diet had favourable effects on growth performance with higher feed efficiency, improved intestinal morphology with higher villus height and increased meat quality of broiler chickens.

Foram investigados os efeitos da mistura dietética de Agaricus bisporus ou talo ou tampa sobre o desempenho de crescimento, componentes da carcaça e alguns parâmetros de qualidade da carne, contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesofílicas e histomorfologia intestinal em frangos de corte. Duzentos e quarenta frangos de corte Ross 308 de um dia de idade foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais com quatro repetições, cada um incluindo 15 aves. Galinhas alimentadas com dieta basal (C), mistura de cogumelos (MM, 10 g caule + 10 g cap / kg de dieta), caule de cogumelo (MS, 20 g / kg dieta) e cogumelo (MC, 20 g / kg dieta). A taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR) foi melhorada (P < 0.01) por MS dietético enquanto o consumo de ração (FI) diminuiu (P < 0.01) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o controle. No entanto, o ganho de peso corporal (BWG) foi diminuído (P < 0.01) pela inclusão de MC. Os grupos suplementados com cogumelos apresentaram maiores (P < 0.05) bactérias aeróbias mesofílicas no ceco. A inclusão de MS aumentou a proporção entre a largura das vilosidades e a profundidade da cripta no jejuno (P < 0.01) e o comprimento das vilosidades no íleo (P < 0.01) e jejuno (P < 0.05). MC aumentou (P < 0.01) a profundidade de cripta no jejuno. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos nos componentes da carcaça (P > 0.05). Os valores L * diminuíram (P < 0.01) na carne da coxa, mas aumentaram (P < 0.01) na carne de peito com a inclusão de cogumelos. Os valores de a* diminuíram (P < 0.01) e os valores de b* aumentaram (P < 0.05) em ambas as coxas e peitos pela adição de cogumelos à dieta. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a farinha de colmo de A. bisporus com um nível de inclusão de 20 g / kg de dieta teve efeitos favoráveis no desempenho do crescimento com maior eficiência alimentar, melhorou a morfologia intestinal com maior comprimento de vilosidade e aumentou a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte.

Orange peel silage in lamb feeding improves meat fatty acid profile / Silagem de bagaço de laranja na alimentação de cordeiros melhora o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne

Considering its nutritional quality and low cost compared to traditional foods, the orange peel has been used to replace grains in ruminant diets. This research was developed to evaluate the fatty acid profile of meat from lambs finished with diets containing orange peel silage (OPS) in replacement of corn (0, 33, 66 and 100%). Twenty Santa Inês lambs (five replicates per treatment), approximately five months old and body weight of 25.37 ± 1.94 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design and the data obtained compared by the Tukey test at 0.05 of significance. There was a linear increase in the concentration of fatty acid capric (P = 0.026) and a quadratic increase for palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, conjugated linoleic (CLA) and α-linolenic acid, saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, Σn-6, Σn-3 fatty acids and desirable fatty acids in the meat of lambs fed with OPS (P<0.05). The replacement of corn by OPS in 66% in the diet of finishing lambs improves the fatty acid profile of the meat.

Considerando sua qualidade nutricional e baixo custo em relação aos alimentos tradicionais, a casca de laranja vem sendo utilizada em substituição aos grãos na dieta de ruminantes. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida para avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros terminados com dietas contendo silagem de bagaço de laranja (SBL) em substituição ao milho (0, 33, 66 e 100%). Vinte cordeiros Santa Inês (cinco repetições por tratamento), com aproximadamente cinco meses de idade e peso corporal de 25,37 ± 1,94 kg, foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e os dados obtidos comparados pelo teste Tukey a 0,05 de significância. Houve aumento linear na concentração do ácido graxo cáprico (P = 0,026) e de forma quadrática (P<0,05) para o palmítico, palmitoleico, esteárico, oleico, linoleico, linoleico conjugado (CLA) e α-linolênico; dos ácidos graxos saturados, insaturados, monoinsaturados, poliinsaturados, Σn-6, Σn-3 e dos ácidos graxos desejáveis na carne de cordeiros alimentados com SBL. A substituição do milho pela SBL em 66% na dieta de cordeiros em terminação melhora o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne.

Standardized ileal phosphorus digestibility of meat and bone meal and poultry byproduct meal for broilers

Two experiments were conducted using direct method to determine the standardized ileal phosphorus (P) digestibility coefficient (SIPDC) of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry byproduct meal (PBM) for broilers. In the first experiment, three MBM from different batches were evaluated, with four treatments (MBMI, MBMII, MBMIII, and a P-free diet) and nine replicates of seven birds each, totaling 252 birds distributed across a completely randomized design. The P-free diet was used to determine endogenous P losses. Titanium dioxide (5 g kg−1) was used as an indigestible indicator. In the second experiment, three PBM from different batches were evaluated, with 189 birds distributed over three treatments (PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII) and nine replicates of seven birds each. These two experiments were conducted when birds were 19-22 days old. The birds were euthanized to collect the ileal content. Using the P-free diet, endogenous P losses were determined at 94.9 mg kg−1 dry matter intake. Standardized ileal P digestibility of MBMI (0.65) and MBMIII (0.69) was higher compared with MBMII (0.49). The SIPDC determined for three PBM sources were similar and 0.96, 0.96, and 0.93 for PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII, respectively. The present study demonstrates that P in MBM is not as available as it is believed and that the variability between batches should be considered by nutritionists, while PBM can be considered an excellent P source to broiler diets.

Soybean hulls inclusion on silage of wet brewery waste

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean hulls inclusion in the silage of wet brewery waste. The experimental design was randomized in block, where the treatments were constituted by four levels of soybean hulls on the silage (0, 15, 25, and 35%), with three (silos) replicates per treatment. All data collected were subjected to ANOVA and subsequent polynomial regression at 5%. Soybean hulls inclusion caused a linear increase (p < 0.05) in the pH, dry matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and total carbohydrates content of the silage. This inclusion also caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the effluent losses and percentages of crude protein, fats, hemicellulose, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients. Thus, it was concluded that soybean hulls can be used as an additive in the silage of wet brewery waste. Up to 35% of inclusion, there was a significant reduction in the effluent losses, a little increase on pH and enrichment of nutritional content, especially in the dry matter.(AU)

Soybean hulls inclusion on silage of wet brewery waste

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean hulls inclusion in the silage of wet brewery waste. The experimental design was randomized in block, where the treatments were constituted by four levels of soybean hulls on the silage (0, 15, 25, and 35%), with three (silos) replicates per treatment. All data collected were subjected to ANOVA and subsequent polynomial regression at 5%. Soybean hulls inclusion caused a linear increase (p < 0.05) in the pH, dry matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and total carbohydrates content of the silage. This inclusion also caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the effluent losses and percentages of crude protein, fats, hemicellulose, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients. Thus, it was concluded that soybean hulls can be used as an additive in the silage of wet brewery waste. Up to 35% of inclusion, there was a significant reduction in the effluent losses, a little increase on pH and enrichment of nutritional content, especially in the dry matter.

Performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components of lambs fed different levels of crambe meal / Desempenho, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com diferentes teores de farelo de crambe

The goal of this study was to evaluate different levels of crambe meal (0, 330, 670 and 1,000 g kg-1 dry matter [DM]) as a replacement for soybean meal in diets supplied to feedlot lambs, and their effects on performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components. Twenty-four castrated lambs weighing 18.2 kg at the beginning of the experiment were allocated in a completely randomized design. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of the lamb for an average daily gain of 0.200 kg. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 60:40, using Brachiaria dyctioneura hay as roughage. Dry matter intake, feed conversion, average daily gain, carcass traits and non-carcass components were evaluated. There was no effect of different levels of crambe meal replacing soybean meal on performance, carcass traits and non-carcass components, except heart weight. Replacement 1,000 g kg-1 DM of soybean meal protein by crambe meal protein does not affect the performance, carcass traits, or non-carcass components.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar diferentes teores de farelo de crambe (0, 330, 670 e 1000 g kg-1 MS) em substituição ao farelo de soja na ração de ovinos confinados, sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, machos, castrados, com peso médio inicial de 18,2 kg e aproximadamente quatro meses de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As rações foram formuladas para atender as exigências nutricionais para ganho de peso diário de 0, 200 kg dia-1. A proporção volumoso:concentrado foi de 60:40, e o volumoso utilizado foi o feno de Brachiaria dyctioneura. Foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca, conversão alimentar, ganho de peso diário, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça. Não houve efeito dos diferentes teores de substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de crambe sobre as variáveis de desempenho, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça, com exceção do peso do coração. A substituição de 1000 g kg-1 MS da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do farelo de crambe não afeta o desempenho, características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça.(AU)

Yellow grease in sheep diets: intake and digestibility / [Óleo residual de fritura em dietas para ovinos: consumo e digestibilidade]

This study aimed to assess the effects of yellow grease supplementation on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Twenty Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 95 ± 10 d and body weight of 19.29 ± 3.17kg were evaluated in a completely randomized design. The diets were supplemented with oil at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 gkg-1 of dry matter (DM) of the concentrate. The diets were based on roughage and concentrate (50:50). The experimental period lasted 19 d and included 14 adaptation days and five collection days for the total supplied diet, orts, feces, and urine. Supplementation with yellow grease had no significant effect on the intake of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). However, the ether extract (EE) intake increased linearly with supplementation of yellow grease. Moreover, no effect was observed for DM, CP, NDF, and NFC digestibility and nitrogen balance. EE digestibility increased linearly with the yellow grease dietary supplementation. Thus, sheep dietary supplementation with yellow grease may be used at a level of up to 80 gkg-1 of DM of concentrate without impairing nutrient intake and digestibility.(AU)

Objetivou-se, com o estudo, avaliar os efeitos do óleo residual de fritura, em dietas para ovinos, sob o consumo, a digestibilidade e o balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros Santa Inês, com idade de 95 ± 10 dias e peso corporal de 19,29 ± 3,17kg, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As dietas continham óleo de fritura nas concentrações de 0; 20; 40; 60 e 80gkg-1 da matéria seca (MS) do concentrado. As dietas tinham relação volumoso:concentrado de 50:50. O período experimental foi de 19 dias, incluindo 14 dias em adaptação e cinco dias de coleta do fornecido, das sobras, das fezes e da urina. A suplementação com óleo de fritura não alterou o consumo de MS, proteína bruta (PB), matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF). Entretanto, o consumo de extrato etéreo (EE) aumentou com a inclusão do óleo. Não foi observado efeito na digestibilidade da MS, da PB, da FDN, dos CNF e no balanço de nitrogênio. A digestibilidade do EE aumentou com a inclusão do óleo. Assim, a inclusão de óleo de fritura em dietas para ovinos pode ser utilizada em até 80gkg-1 da MS do concentrado, sem limitar ingestão e digestibilidade dos nutrientes.(AU)

Digestibility of diets with passion fruit by-product estimated through external and internal markers in dairy heifers

This study examined the influence of the external markers chromium oxide (CO), titanium dioxide (TD), isolated, purified and enriched lignin (LIPE®) and isolated, purified, enriched lignin in nanoparticles (NANOLIPE®) as well as the internal markers indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) in diets with inclusion of passion fruit by-product for dairy heifers on the estimation of fecal output and nutrient digestibility. Sixteen Holstein × Zebu crossbred heifers at an average live weight of 363 ± 28 kg were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design where they received diets in which Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay was replaced with passion fruit by-product (0, 12, 24 and 36%, as-fed basis). The CO, LIPE®, NANOLIPE® and iNDF markers did not differ from the total collection method (p > 0.05) in the estimation of fecal output and nutrient digestibility. The TD and iDM markers overestimated, while iADF underestimated fecal output. Under the presented conditions, we recommend using the CO, LIPE®, NANOLIPE® and iNDF markers to estimate fecal output and nutrient digestibility in diets with inclusion of passion fruit by-product for dairy heifers.

Digestibility of diets with passion fruit by-product estimated through external and internal markers in dairy heifers

This study examined the influence of the external markers chromium oxide (CO), titanium dioxide (TD), isolated, purified and enriched lignin (LIPE®) and isolated, purified, enriched lignin in nanoparticles (NANOLIPE®) as well as the internal markers indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) in diets with inclusion of passion fruit by-product for dairy heifers on the estimation of fecal output and nutrient digestibility. Sixteen Holstein × Zebu crossbred heifers at an average live weight of 363 ± 28 kg were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design where they received diets in which Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay was replaced with passion fruit by-product (0, 12, 24 and 36%, as-fed basis). The CO, LIPE®, NANOLIPE® and iNDF markers did not differ from the total collection method (p > 0.05) in the estimation of fecal output and nutrient digestibility. The TD and iDM markers overestimated, while iADF underestimated fecal output. Under the presented conditions, we recommend using the CO, LIPE®, NANOLIPE® and iNDF markers to estimate fecal output and nutrient digestibility in diets with inclusion of passion fruit by-product for dairy heifers.(AU)

Efeitos da inclusão de diferentes níveis do farelo de babaçu na dieta de suínos / Effects of different levels of babaçu bran on the swine diet / Efectos de diferentes niveles de salvado de babaçu en la dieta porcina

O farelo de babaçu tem sido utilizado na agricultura familiar, apesar do desconhecimento de seu valor nutricional. Assim, torna-se necessária a realização de pesquisas para estabelecer padrões de utilização e análises laboratoriais para determinação de suas características nutricionais, a fim de se conhecer seus efeitos na nutrição e crescimento de suínos. Neste contexto, o objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o valor nutricional e o desempenho zootécnico de suínos em crescimento, alimentados com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de babaçu na dieta. O estudo foi conduzido na Unidade Integrada de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (UNIEPE) de Suinocultura do Instituto Federal do Pará (IFPA) campus Marabá Rural. Foram utilizados 16 suínos mestiços com peso inicial de 7,63 ± 1,31 kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro baias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (0%, 10%, 20% e 30%) em quatro repetições. Avaliou-se as variáveis ganho de peso e valor nutricional. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Como resultados constatou-se que a composição nutricional do farelo de babaçu é rico em matéria seca (89,08%) e fibra bruta (46,84%). Além disso, o ganho de peso dos leitões foi influenciado pela inclusão do babaçu na dieta. Essa variável apresentou efeito linear negativo (P<0,05), com coeficiente de determinação (r²) de 0,88. Portanto, foi possível concluir que a adição do farelo de babaçu reduz de forma linear o crescimento de leitões com inclusão de até 30% na dieta.

Babassu meal has been used in family farming, despite its lack of nutritional value. Furthermore, it is necessary to carry out research to establish usage patterns and laboratory tests to determine their nutritional characteristics, in order to know their effects on the nutrition and growth of their pigs. In this context, or objective of this study, was to evaluate the nutritional value and/or zootechnical performance of growing pigs, fed with different levels of inclusion of babassu meal in the diet. The study was carried out at the Integrated Unit for Training, Research and Extension (UNIEPE) of the Swine Industry of the Federal Institute of Pará (IFPA) Rural campus of Marabá. Sixteen mixed pigs with an initial weight of 7.63 ± 1.31 kg were used, randomly distributed in four pens. The experimental design was internally randomized, with four treatments (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) in four repetitions. Register by varying weight gain and nutritional value. Data are subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial regression at a 5% probability level. As a result, it appears that the nutritional composition of babassu bran is rich in dry matter (89.08%) and crude fiber (46.84%). In addition, the weight gain, two piglets, was influenced by the inclusion of babassu in the diet. This variable has a negative linear effect (P <0.05), with a coefficient of determination (r²) of 0.88. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the addition of babassu meal linearly reduced the growth of piglets with the inclusion of up to 30% of the diet.

La harina de babasú se ha utilizado en la agricultura familiar, a pesar de su falta de valor nutricional. Además, es necesario realizar investigaciones para establecer patrones de uso y pruebas de laboratorio para determinar sus características nutricionales, con el fin de conocer sus efectos en la nutrición y crecimiento de sus cerdos. En este contexto, u objetivo de este estudio, fue evaluar el valor nutricional y / o desempeño zootécnico de cerdos en crecimiento, alimentados con diferentes niveles de inclusión de harina de babasú en la dieta. El estudio se realizó en la Unidade Integrada de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (UNIEPE) de la Industria Porcina del Instituto Federal de Pará (IFPA) Campus Rural de Marabá. Se utilizaron dieciséis cerdos mixtos con un peso inicial de 7,63 ± 1,31 kg, distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro corrales. El diseño experimental fue aleatorizado internamente, con cuatro tratamientos (0%, 10%, 20% y 30%) en cuatro repeticiones. Regístrese variando el aumento de peso y el valor nutricional. Los datos se someten a análisis de varianza y regresión polinomial a un nivel de probabilidad del 5%. Como resultado, parece que la composición nutricional del salvado de babasú es rica en materia seca (89,08%) y fibra cruda (46,84%). Además, la ganancia de peso, dos lechones, se vio influida por la inclusión de babasú en la dieta. Esta variable tiene un efecto lineal negativo (P <0.05), con un coeficiente de determinación (r²) de 0.88. Por tanto, es posible concluir que la adición de harina de babasú redujo linealmente el crecimiento de los lechones con la inclusión de hasta un 30% de la dieta.

Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed pequi pulp flour / Desempenho e qualidade de ovos de galinhas poedeiras alimentadas com farinhada polpa de pequi

The objective of this study was to evaluatethe effects of including pequi pulp flour (PPF) in laying hendiets onperformance and egg quality.A total of 240 Hisex Brown strain were randomly assigned into 5 groups and were fed diets containing PPF at the level of 0%, 0.125%, 0.250%, 0.375%, and 0.5%. The experiment lasted63 days (3 periods of 21 days).The variables of performance andeggquality were submitted to linear and quadratic regression analysis at the level of 5% probability.Theoutcomes suggest that neither performance nor egg quality wasaffected (p > 0.05) by different levels of PPF.Dietary inclusion ofPPFtested in the present study wasnot sufficient to demonstrate improvement in the productive performance of birdsas well as in egg quality.Because of the lack of responses, additional research is needed to evaluate higher levels of PPF in the diets for laying hens.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da inclusão da farinha de polpa de pequi (FPP) em dietas de galinhas poedeiras sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos. Um total de 240 galinhasHisex Brown foram aleatoriamente atribuídas em 5 grupos e alimentadas com dietas contendo FPPao nível de 0%, 0,125%, 0,250%, 0,375% e 0,500%. O experimento durou 63 dias (3 períodos de 21 dias). As variáveis de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos foram submetidas à análise de regressão linear e quadrática no nível de probabilidade de 5%. Osresultados sugerem que o desempenho ea qualidade dos ovos não foram afetados (p > 0,05) por diferentes níveis de PPF. A inclusão dietética daoFPPtestado no presente estudo não foi suficiente para demonstrar melhora no desempenho produtivo das aves, bem como na qualidade dos ovos. Devido à ausênciade respostas,são necessárias pesquisas adicionais para avaliar níveis mais elevados de FPPemdietas para poedeiras.

Energy value of babassu cake as substitute bulk in sheep diets / Valor energético da torta de babaçu em substituição ao volumoso na alimentação de ovinos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy value of diets containing babassu cake as a replacement for Tifton-85 hay (70, 140, 210, 280 and 350 g kg-¹ dry matter, DM), using the technique of indirect calorimetry. Twenty-five castrated male Santa Inês sheep, with an average body weight of 49.6 + 9.4 kg, were used in a completely randomised design. The trial was carried out in an individual open-flow respirometry chamber for small ruminants, with each animal remaining for 24 hours inside the chamber. Gross energy and net energy intake were not affected by adding the cake. Digestible energy intake and metabolisable energy intake showed a linear response, ranging from 145.44 to 178.40 and from 121.85 to 158.08 kcal kg-0.75 day-¹ respectively. The energy lost through faeces and methane (% of gross energy intake, GEI) showed decreasing linear behaviour, while the caloric increase, in %GEI, showed a quadratic response. The values for digestible energy and metabolisability presented an increasing linear response. The partial efficiency of use of metabolisable energy for maintenance ranged from 0.71 to 0.81, and showed a quadratic response; however, the net energy values did not differ. For every 10 g of added by-product, there was a reduction of 0.31 g of methane per kg of DM intake. The addition of babassu cake to replace up to 350 g kg-¹ DM in sheep diets increases the energy efficiency of the diet and reduces methane emission by the animals.

Objetivou-se avaliar o valor energético de rações contendo torta de babaçu em substituição ao feno de Tifton-85 (70; 140; 210; 280 e 350 g kg-¹ de matéria seca, MS), pela técnica da calorimetria indireta. Foram utilizados 25 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, machos castrados, com peso corporal médio de 49,6 + 9,4 kg, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O ensaio experimental foi realizado em câmara respirométrica individual de fluxo aberto para pequenos ruminantes, permanecendo cada animal por período de 24 horas no interior da câmara. Os consumos de energia bruta e energia líquida não foram influenciados pela inclusão da torta. Os consumos de energia digestível e energia metabolizável apresentaram resposta linear, variando de 145,44 a 178,40 e de 121,85 a 158,08 kcal kg-0,75 por dia, respectivamente. As perdas de energia pelas fezes e pelo metano (% do consumo da energia bruta, CEB) apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente, enquanto o incremento calórico, em %CEB, apresentou resposta quadrática. Os valores de energia digestível e metabolizabilidade apresentaram respostas lineares crescentes. A eficiência parcial de uso da energia metabolizável para mantença variou entre 0,71 a 0,81, com resposta quadrática, porém os valores de energia líquida não diferiram. Para cada 10 g de inclusão de subproduto, houve redução de 0,31 g de metano por kg de MS consumida. A inclusão de torta de babaçu, em substituição ao volumoso, na ração de ovinos, em até 350 g kg-¹ MS, aumenta a eficiência energética da ração e reduz a emissão de metano pelos animais.