Ocorrência de dermatófitos em tegumento de bovinos e ovinos hígidos / Occurrence of dermatophytes in healthy cattle and sheep tegument / Ocurrencia de dermatofitos en tegumento de bovinos y ovinos hígidos

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a prevalência de dermatófitos em tegumento de bovinos e ovinos hígidos e a sua capacidade de transmissão e desenvolvimento da doença. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de pelo e descamações de 90 bovinos e 90 ovinos hígidos. Essas amostras foram semeadas em meio DTM e ágar Sabouraud Dextrose enriquecido com extrato de levedura, tiamina, antibióticos (estreptomicina e cloranfenicol) e suplementado de cicloheximida, sendo essas incubadas a 35 oC por 10 dias. As culturas positivas foram avaliadas macro e microscopicamente e, os fungos foram identificados por métodos bioquímicos. Verificou-se que as espécies isoladas com maior frequência, nos bovinos, foram T. mentagrophytes e M. gypseum. Nos ovinos, foi constatada maior ocorrência do agente T. verrucosum, seguido por T. mentagrophytes e M. gypseum. Houve também isolamento de M. canis, porém, em um número reduzido de amostras. Assim, concluiu-se que o tegumento de bovinos e de ovinos hígidos apresentou incidência elevada de dermatófitos de diferentes espécies, em amostras coletadas durante o período chuvoso do ano. Por isso, em animais jovens ou naqueles submetidos a elevados níveis de estresse e, consequente queda da resposta imunológica, o risco de desenvolvimento da dermatofitose e da transmissão dos dermatófitos neste período são eminentes.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatophytes in healthy cattle and sheep teguments, and their ability to transmit and develop diseases. Samples of fur and flaking from 90 healthy cattle and 90 healthy sheep were collected. These samples were plated on DTM medium and Sabouraud Dextrose agar supplemented with yeast extract, thiamine, antibiotics (streptomycin and chloramphenicol) enhanced with cycloheximide. They were then incubated at 35 °C for 10 days. Positive cultures were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and fungi were identified by biochemical methods. It was found that the most frequent species isolated in cattle were T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. In sheep, a higher occurrence of the agent T. verrucosum could be observed, followed by T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. There was also the isolation of M. canis, but in a small number of samples. Thus, it could be concluded that the tegument of healthy cattle and sheep showed high incidence of dermatophytes from different species in samples collected during the rainy season of the year. Therefore, in young animals, in those subjected to high levels of stress and consequent drop in immune response, there is eminent risk of developing dermatophytosis and transmission of dermatophytes in this period.(AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido verificar la prevalencia de dermatofitos en tegumento de bovinos y ovinos hígidos y su capacidad de transmisión y desarrollo de la enfermedad. Para ello, se recolectó muestras de pelo y descamaciones de 90 bovinos y 90 ovinos hígidos. Esas muestras fueron sembradas en medio DTM y agar Sabouraud Dextrosis enriquecida con extracto de levadura, tiamina, antibióticos (estreptomicina y cloranfenicol) y suplementado de cicloheximida, siendo esas incubadas a 35ºC durante 10 días. Los cultivos positivos fueron evaluados macro y microscópicamente y los hongos fueron identificados por métodos bioquímicos. Se verificó que las especies aisladas con mayor frecuencia, en los bovinos, fueron T. mentagrophytes y M. gypseum. En los ovinos, se constató mayor ocurrencia del agente T. verrucosum, seguido por T. mentagrophytes y M. gypseum. También hubo aislamiento de M. canis, sin embargo, en un número reducido de muestras. Así, se concluyó que el tegumento de bovinos y de ovinos hígidos presentó una elevada incidencia de dermatofitos de diferentes especies, en muestras recogidas durante el período lluvioso del año. Por lo tanto, en animales jóvenes o en aquellos sometidos a altos niveles de estrés y, consecuente caída de la respuesta inmunológica, el riesgo de desarrollo de la dermatofitosis y de la transmisión de los dermatofitos en este período son eminentes.(AU)

Ocorrência de dermatófitos em tegumento de bovinos e ovinos hígidos / Occurrence of dermatophytes in healthy cattle and sheep tegument / Ocurrencia de dermatofitos en tegumento de bovinos y ovinos hígidos

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a prevalência de dermatófitos em tegumento de bovinos e ovinos hígidos e a sua capacidade de transmissão e desenvolvimento da doença. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de pelo e descamações de 90 bovinos e 90 ovinos hígidos. Essas amostras foram semeadas em meio DTM e ágar Sabouraud Dextrose enriquecido com extrato de levedura, tiamina, antibióticos (estreptomicina e cloranfenicol) e suplementado de cicloheximida, sendo essas incubadas a 35 oC por 10 dias. As culturas positivas foram avaliadas macro e microscopicamente e, os fungos foram identificados por métodos bioquímicos. Verificou-se que as espécies isoladas com maior frequência, nos bovinos, foram T. mentagrophytes e M. gypseum. Nos ovinos, foi constatada maior ocorrência do agente T. verrucosum, seguido por T. mentagrophytes e M. gypseum. Houve também isolamento de M. canis, porém, em um número reduzido de amostras. Assim, concluiu-se que o tegumento de bovinos e de ovinos hígidos apresentou incidência elevada de dermatófitos de diferentes espécies, em amostras coletadas durante o período chuvoso do ano. Por isso, em animais jovens ou naqueles submetidos a elevados níveis de estresse e, consequente queda da resposta imunológica, o risco de desenvolvimento da dermatofitose e da transmissão dos dermatófitos neste período são eminentes.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatophytes in healthy cattle and sheep teguments, and their ability to transmit and develop diseases. Samples of fur and flaking from 90 healthy cattle and 90 healthy sheep were collected. These samples were plated on DTM medium and Sabouraud Dextrose agar supplemented with yeast extract, thiamine, antibiotics (streptomycin and chloramphenicol) enhanced with cycloheximide. They were then incubated at 35 °C for 10 days. Positive cultures were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and fungi were identified by biochemical methods. It was found that the most frequent species isolated in cattle were T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. In sheep, a higher occurrence of the agent T. verrucosum could be observed, followed by T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. There was also the isolation of M. canis, but in a small number of samples. Thus, it could be concluded that the tegument of healthy cattle and sheep showed high incidence of dermatophytes from different species in samples collected during the rainy season of the year. Therefore, in young animals, in those subjected to high levels of stress and consequent drop in immune response, there is eminent risk of developing dermatophytosis and transmission of dermatophytes in this period.(AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido verificar la prevalencia de dermatofitos en tegumento de bovinos y ovinos hígidos y su capacidad de transmisión y desarrollo de la enfermedad. Para ello, se recolectó muestras de pelo y descamaciones de 90 bovinos y 90 ovinos hígidos. Esas muestras fueron sembradas en medio DTM y agar Sabouraud Dextrosis enriquecida con extracto de levadura, tiamina, antibióticos (estreptomicina y cloranfenicol) y suplementado de cicloheximida, siendo esas incubadas a 35ºC durante 10 días. Los cultivos positivos fueron evaluados macro y microscópicamente y los hongos fueron identificados por métodos bioquímicos. Se verificó que las especies aisladas con mayor frecuencia, en los bovinos, fueron T. mentagrophytes y M. gypseum. En los ovinos, se constató mayor ocurrencia del agente T. verrucosum, seguido por T. mentagrophytes y M. gypseum. También hubo aislamiento de M. canis, sin embargo, en un número reducido de muestras. Así, se concluyó que el tegumento de bovinos y de ovinos hígidos presentó una elevada incidencia de dermatofitos de diferentes especies, en muestras recogidas durante el período lluvioso del año. Por lo tanto, en animales jóvenes o en aquellos sometidos a altos niveles de estrés y, consecuente caída de la respuesta inmunológica, el riesgo de desarrollo de la dermatofitosis y de la transmisión de los dermatofitos en este período son eminentes.(AU)

Isolamento e perfil enzimático de cães e gatos com dermatofitose atendidos em hospitais veterinários do Recife, Pernambuco / Isolation and enzymatic profile of dogs and cats with dermatofitosis attended at veterinary hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Os dermatófitos são fungos que podem causar infecções superficiais da pele, cabelo e unhas em humanos e animais. As espécies de dermatófitos mais frequentemente isoladas dos cães e gatos afetados por micoses são Microsporum gypseum e principalmente Microsporum canis. O papel crucial durante o processo de infecção é a produção de enzimas extracelulares essenciais para a invasão e estabelecimento do agente patogênico no tecido do hospedeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar dermatófitos de cães e gatos e avaliar o perfil enzimático dos isolados obtidos. Amostras de pelos e escamas epidérmicas foram coletadas de cães e gatos em instalações veterinárias em Recife/PE, e os isolados foram identificados com base nas características macroscópicas e microscópicas. A análise qualitativa das enzimas urease, protease, lipase, colagenase e fosfolipase foi avaliada a partir dos dermatófitos isolados. Durante 10 meses, um total de 106 animais, que compreendeu de 99 cães e sete gatos com sinais clínicos, independentemente do sexo e raça foram avaliados. Apenas oito animais foram confirmados com dermatofitose, principalmente cães (n=7), sendo seis afetados por M. canis e um por M. gypseum, a raça mais afetada foi Yorkshire (n=3). No entanto, apenas um gato foi confirmado com M. canis. Não foi observada predisposição relacionada ao sexo quanto à ocorrência de dermatofitose nos cães e gatos avaliados. Os dermatófitos isolados apresentaram perfis semelhantes para as enzimas urease, lipase, protease, fosfolipase e colagenase, característica importante em infecções patogênicas. O diagnóstico clínico destas zoonoses com base na confirmação microbiológica e uma compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes é de grande importância para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças fúngicas em animais.(AU)

Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause superficial infections of the skin, hair and nails in man and animals. The most frequent dermatophyte species isolated from dogs and cats are Microsporum gypseum, most notably Microsporum canis. The crucial role during the infection process is the production of extracellular enzymes essential for the invasion and establishment of the pathogen in the host tissue. The objective of this research was to isolate dermatophytes from dogs and cats and evaluate the enzymatic profile of the isolates obtained. Hair samples and epidermal scales were collected from dogs and cats in veterinary facilities in Recife-PE, and the isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The qualitative analysis of the enzymes urease, protease, lipase, collagenase and phospholipase was evaluated from the isolated dermatophytes. During 10 months, a total of 106 animals, comprising of 99 dogs and seven cats with clinical signs, regardless of sex and race were evaluated. Only eight animals were confirmed with dermatophytosis, mostly dogs (n=7), being six affected by M. canis and one by M. gypseum, the race most affected was Yorkshire (n=3). However, only one cat was confirmed with M. canis. No sex-related predisposition was observed regarding the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats evaluated. Isolated dermatophytes showed similar profiles for the enzymes urease, lipase, protease, phospholipase and collagenase, important characteristic for pathogenic infections. The diagnosis of this zoonosis based on microbiological confirmation and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is of great importance for the treatment and prevention of fungal diseases in animals.(AU)

Isolamento e perfil enzimático de cães e gatos com dermatofitose atendidos em hospitais veterinários do Recife, Pernambuco / Isolation and enzymatic profile of dogs and cats with dermatofitosis attended at veterinary hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

Os dermatófitos são fungos que podem causar infecções superficiais da pele, cabelo e unhas em humanos e animais. As espécies de dermatófitos mais frequentemente isoladas dos cães e gatos afetados por micoses são Microsporum gypseum e principalmente Microsporum canis. O papel crucial durante o processo de infecção é a produção de enzimas extracelulares essenciais para a invasão e estabelecimento do agente patogênico no tecido do hospedeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar dermatófitos de cães e gatos e avaliar o perfil enzimático dos isolados obtidos. Amostras de pelos e escamas epidérmicas foram coletadas de cães e gatos em instalações veterinárias em Recife/PE, e os isolados foram identificados com base nas características macroscópicas e microscópicas. A análise qualitativa das enzimas urease, protease, lipase, colagenase e fosfolipase foi avaliada a partir dos dermatófitos isolados. Durante 10 meses, um total de 106 animais, que compreendeu de 99 cães e sete gatos com sinais clínicos, independentemente do sexo e raça foram avaliados. Apenas oito animais foram confirmados com dermatofitose, principalmente cães (n=7), sendo seis afetados por M. canis e um por M. gypseum, a raça mais afetada foi Yorkshire (n=3). No entanto, apenas um gato foi confirmado com M. canis. Não foi observada predisposição relacionada ao sexo quanto à ocorrência de dermatofitose nos cães e gatos avaliados. Os dermatófitos isolados apresentaram perfis semelhantes para as enzimas urease, lipase, protease, fosfolipase e colagenase, característica importante em infecções patogênicas. O diagnóstico clínico destas zoonoses com base na confirmação microbiológica e uma compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes é de grande importância para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças fúngicas em animais.(AU)

Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause superficial infections of the skin, hair and nails in man and animals. The most frequent dermatophyte species isolated from dogs and cats are Microsporum gypseum, most notably Microsporum canis. The crucial role during the infection process is the production of extracellular enzymes essential for the invasion and establishment of the pathogen in the host tissue. The objective of this research was to isolate dermatophytes from dogs and cats and evaluate the enzymatic profile of the isolates obtained. Hair samples and epidermal scales were collected from dogs and cats in veterinary facilities in Recife-PE, and the isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The qualitative analysis of the enzymes urease, protease, lipase, collagenase and phospholipase was evaluated from the isolated dermatophytes. During 10 months, a total of 106 animals, comprising of 99 dogs and seven cats with clinical signs, regardless of sex and race were evaluated. Only eight animals were confirmed with dermatophytosis, mostly dogs (n=7), being six affected by M. canis and one by M. gypseum, the race most affected was Yorkshire (n=3). However, only one cat was confirmed with M. canis. No sex-related predisposition was observed regarding the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats evaluated. Isolated dermatophytes showed similar profiles for the enzymes urease, lipase, protease, phospholipase and collagenase, important characteristic for pathogenic infections. The diagnosis of this zoonosis based on microbiological confirmation and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is of great importance for the treatment and prevention of fungal diseases in animals.(AU)

Isolamento e perfil enzimático de cães e gatos com dermatofitose atendidos em hospitais veterinários do Recife, Pernambuco

ABSTRACT: Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause superficial infections of the skin, hair and nails in man and animals. The most frequent dermatophyte species isolated from dogs and cats are Microsporum gypseum, most notably Microsporum canis. The crucial role during the infection process is the production of extracellular enzymes essential for the invasion and establishment of the pathogen in the host tissue. The objective of this research was to isolate dermatophytes from dogs and cats and evaluate the enzymatic profile of the isolates obtained. Hair samples and epidermal scales were collected from dogs and cats in veterinary facilities in Recife-PE, and the isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The qualitative analysis of the enzymes urease, protease, lipase, collagenase and phospholipase was evaluated from the isolated dermatophytes. During 10 months, a total of 106 animals, comprising of 99 dogs and seven cats with clinical signs, regardless of sex and race were evaluated. Only eight animals were confirmed with dermatophytosis, mostly dogs (n=7), being six affected by M. canis and one by M. gypseum, the race most affected was Yorkshire (n=3). However, only one cat was confirmed with M. canis. No sex-related predisposition was observed regarding the occurrence of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats evaluated. Isolated dermatophytes showed similar profiles for the enzymes urease, lipase, protease, phospholipase and collagenase, important characteristic for pathogenic infections. The diagnosis of this zoonosis based on microbiological confirmation and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is of great importance for the treatment and prevention of fungal diseases in animals.

RESUMO: Os dermatófitos são fungos que podem causar infecções superficiais da pele, cabelo e unhas em humanos e animais. As espécies de dermatófitos mais frequentemente isoladas dos cães e gatos afetados por micoses são Microsporum gypseum e principalmente Microsporum canis. O papel crucial durante o processo de infecção é a produção de enzimas extracelulares essenciais para a invasão e estabelecimento do agente patogênico no tecido do hospedeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar dermatófitos de cães e gatos e avaliar o perfil enzimático dos isolados obtidos. Amostras de pelos e escamas epidérmicas foram coletadas de cães e gatos em instalações veterinárias em Recife/PE, e os isolados foram identificados com base nas características macroscópicas e microscópicas. A análise qualitativa das enzimas urease, protease, lipase, colagenase e fosfolipase foi avaliada a partir dos dermatófitos isolados. Durante 10 meses, um total de 106 animais, que compreendeu de 99 cães e sete gatos com sinais clínicos, independentemente do sexo e raça foram avaliados. Apenas oito animais foram confirmados com dermatofitose, principalmente cães (n=7), sendo seis afetados por M. canis e um por M. gypseum, a raça mais afetada foi Yorkshire (n=3). No entanto, apenas um gato foi confirmado com M. canis. Não foi observada predisposição relacionada ao sexo quanto à ocorrência de dermatofitose nos cães e gatos avaliados. Os dermatófitos isolados apresentaram perfis semelhantes para as enzimas urease, lipase, protease, fosfolipase e colagenase, característica importante em infecções patogênicas. O diagnóstico clínico destas zoonoses com base na confirmação microbiológica e uma compreensão dos mecanismos subjacentes é de grande importância para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças fúngicas em animais.

The dermatitis by Caparinia tripilis and Microsporum , in african pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) in Romania first report

Abstract Investigations were conducted on a case of generalized dermatitis in an African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), purchased as a pet. Clinical examination revealed restlessness, agitation, itching and scratching, large alopecic areas, skin congestion and thin whitish scabs. Five skin lesions were scraped and the samples were collected for laboratory tests. Microscopy revealed the presence of the mite Caparinia tripilis (Acari: Psoroptidae). A dermatophyte belonging to Microsporum genus was also isolated by culture on specific media. Selamectin spot-on and enilconazole washes were used for treatment, resulting in skin healing and spines growing. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Caparinia tripilis dermatitis in a hedgehog in Romania.

Resumo Foram conduzidas investigações em um caso de dermatite generalizada em um ouriço pigmeu Africano (Atelerix albiventris), comprado como animal de estimação. O exame clínico revelou inquietação, agitação, coceira e arranhadura, grandes áreas alopécicas, congestão da pele e escamas finas e esbranquiçadas. Cinco lesões de pele foram raspadas, e as amostras coletadas para exames laboratoriais. A microscopia revelou a presença do ácaro Caparinia tripilis (Acari: Psoroptidae). Um dermatófito pertencente ao gênero Microsporum também foi isolado por cultura em meio específico. Para o tratamento foram utilizadas aplicação tópica com selamectina e lavagens com enilconazol, resultando na cicatrização da pele e no crescimento dos espinhos. Possivelmente este é o primeiro caso relatado de dermatite por Caparinia tripilis em um ouriço na Romênia.

The dermatitis by Caparinia tripilis and Microsporum, in african pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) in Romania - first report / Dermatite induzida por Caparinia tripilis e Microsporum em ouriço pigmeu africano (Atelerix albiventris), na Romênia - primeiro registro

Investigations were conducted on a case of generalized dermatitis in an African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), purchased as a pet. Clinical examination revealed restlessness, agitation, itching and scratching, large alopecic areas, skin congestion and thin whitish scabs. Five skin lesions were scraped and the samples were collected for laboratory tests. Microscopy revealed the presence of the mite Caparinia tripilis (Acari: Psoroptidae). A dermatophyte belonging to Microsporum genus was also isolated by culture on specific media. Selamectin spot-on and enilconazole washes were used for treatment, resulting in skin healing and spines growing. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Caparinia tripilis dermatitis in a hedgehog in Romania.(AU)

Foram conduzidas investigações em um caso de dermatite generalizada em um ouriço pigmeu Africano (Atelerix albiventris), comprado como animal de estimação. O exame clínico revelou inquietação, agitação, coceira e arranhadura, grandes áreas alopécicas, congestão da pele e escamas finas e esbranquiçadas. Cinco lesões de pele foram raspadas, e as amostras coletadas para exames laboratoriais. A microscopia revelou a presença do ácaro Caparinia tripilis (Acari: Psoroptidae). Um dermatófito pertencente ao gênero Microsporum também foi isolado por cultura em meio específico. Para o tratamento foram utilizadas aplicação tópica com selamectina e lavagens com enilconazol, resultando na cicatrização da pele e no crescimento dos espinhos. Possivelmente este é o primeiro caso relatado de dermatite por Caparinia tripilis em um ouriço na Romênia.(AU)

Dermatophytes in cats without dermatopathies in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, Brazil / Dermatófitos em gatos sem dermatopatias na região metropolitana de Florianópolis, Brasil

Background: Dermatophytes are infectious agents responsible for dermatophytosis, an important worldwide zoonosis. Cats are considered potential hosts and reservoir of these fungi, especially Microsporum canis. The prevalence in cats without dermatopathies varies according to the region, climate and animal husbandry. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of dermatophytes in cats without clinical signs of dermatopathy in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, situated in the coast of Southern Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 198 samples were obtained from cats without dermatopathies domiciled in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis. The collections were made through vigorous hair brushing throughout the body of the animal, using a sterile toothbrush. Mycological culture was performed onto Sabouraud Agar Chloramphenicol-Cyclohexamide (SCC), and incubated at 25-27C for 21-28 days. The diagnosis was based on the macro and micromorphological characteristics of the isolated dermatophyte. One hundred and ten samples (55.6%) were collected in veterinary clinics and 88 (44.4%) in multiple household cats (average 11). The frequency of dermatophytes corresponded to 3.0% (6/198). Only the genus Microsporum was observed with predominance of M. canis (66.7%), followed by M. gypseum (33.3%). Saprotrophic fungi were observed in 94.4% of the cultures and [...]

Dermatophytes in cats without dermatopathies in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, Brazil / Dermatófitos em gatos sem dermatopatias na região metropolitana de Florianópolis, Brasil

Background: Dermatophytes are infectious agents responsible for dermatophytosis, an important worldwide zoonosis. Cats are considered potential hosts and reservoir of these fungi, especially Microsporum canis. The prevalence in cats without dermatopathies varies according to the region, climate and animal husbandry. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of dermatophytes in cats without clinical signs of dermatopathy in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, situated in the coast of Southern Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 198 samples were obtained from cats without dermatopathies domiciled in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis. The collections were made through vigorous hair brushing throughout the body of the animal, using a sterile toothbrush. Mycological culture was performed onto Sabouraud Agar Chloramphenicol-Cyclohexamide (SCC), and incubated at 25-27C for 21-28 days. The diagnosis was based on the macro and micromorphological characteristics of the isolated dermatophyte. One hundred and ten samples (55.6%) were collected in veterinary clinics and 88 (44.4%) in multiple household cats (average 11). The frequency of dermatophytes corresponded to 3.0% (6/198). Only the genus Microsporum was observed with predominance of M. canis (66.7%), followed by M. gypseum (33.3%). Saprotrophic fungi were observed in 94.4% of the cultures and [...](AU)

Dermatophytes in Cats without Dermatopathies in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, Brazil

Background: Dermatophytes are infectious agents responsible for dermatophytosis, an important worldwide zoonosis. Cats are considered potential hosts and reservoir of these fungi, especially Microsporum canis. The prevalence in cats without dermatopathies varies according to the region, climate and animal husbandry. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of dermatophytes in cats without clinical signs of dermatopathy in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, situated in the coast of Southern Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 198 samples were obtained from cats without dermatopathies domiciled in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis. The collections were made through vigorous hair brushing throughout the body of the animal, using a sterile toothbrush. Mycological culture was performed onto Sabouraud Agar Chloramphenicol-Cyclohexamide (SCC), and incubated at 25-27C for 21-28 days. The diagnosis was based on the macro and micromorphological characteristics of the isolated dermatophyte. One hundred and ten samples (55.6%) were collected in veterinary clinics and 88 (44.4%) in multiple household cats (average 11). The frequency of dermatophytes corresponded to 3.0% (6/198). Only the genus Microsporum was observed with predominance of M. canis (66.7%), followed by M. gypseum (33.3%). Saprotrophic fungi were observed in 94.4% of the cultures and 5.6%

The dermatitis by Caparinia tripilis and Microsporum , in african pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) in Romania first report

Abstract Investigations were conducted on a case of generalized dermatitis in an African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), purchased as a pet. Clinical examination revealed restlessness, agitation, itching and scratching, large alopecic areas, skin congestion and thin whitish scabs. Five skin lesions were scraped and the samples were collected for laboratory tests. Microscopy revealed the presence of the mite Caparinia tripilis (Acari: Psoroptidae). A dermatophyte belonging to Microsporum genus was also isolated by culture on specific media. Selamectin spot-on and enilconazole washes were used for treatment, resulting in skin healing and spines growing. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Caparinia tripilis dermatitis in a hedgehog in Romania.

Resumo Foram conduzidas investigações em um caso de dermatite generalizada em um ouriço pigmeu Africano (Atelerix albiventris), comprado como animal de estimação. O exame clínico revelou inquietação, agitação, coceira e arranhadura, grandes áreas alopécicas, congestão da pele e escamas finas e esbranquiçadas. Cinco lesões de pele foram raspadas, e as amostras coletadas para exames laboratoriais. A microscopia revelou a presença do ácaro Caparinia tripilis (Acari: Psoroptidae). Um dermatófito pertencente ao gênero Microsporum também foi isolado por cultura em meio específico. Para o tratamento foram utilizadas aplicação tópica com selamectina e lavagens com enilconazol, resultando na cicatrização da pele e no crescimento dos espinhos. Possivelmente este é o primeiro caso relatado de dermatite por Caparinia tripilis em um ouriço na Romênia.

Isolation of dermatophytes from the hair coat of healthy Persian cats without skin lesions from commercial catteries located in São Paulo metropolitan area, Brazil

Background: The study of the epidemiological chain of dermatophytosis, particularly those related to zoophilic fungi, is extremely important because of its frequent occurrence, the high infectivity of the agent, and its anthropozoonotic character. In all latitudes, asymptomatic cats are considered the main reservoirs and sources of dermatophyte infection. The study aimed to characterize the frequency of dermatophyte infection and the potential risk of microsporic infection to the owners and to possible buyers of apparently healthy Persian cats from commercial catteries of São Paulo, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Fur samples were obtained from 61 clinically healthy Persian cats, which were devoid of typical cutaneous lesions and had negative results in Woods lamp examination. The average age of the cats was 37.7 months; 18 (29.5%) of them were males and 43 (70.5%) were females. The cats were from commercial catteries located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo state capital. Samples were obtained using the technique of Mariat & Adam using a square (25 cm2 ) of sterile carpet rubbed across the surface of the hair-coat and skin. People who had close contact with the animals were asked whether they had had typical ringworm lesions in the recent past or at the time of sample collection. The material collected was pressed onto Petri dishes containing agar [...](AU)

Isolation of dermatophytes from the hair coat of healthy Persian cats without skin lesions from commercial catteries located in São Paulo metropolitan area, Brazil

Background: The study of the epidemiological chain of dermatophytosis, particularly those related to zoophilic fungi, is extremely important because of its frequent occurrence, the high infectivity of the agent, and its anthropozoonotic character. In all latitudes, asymptomatic cats are considered the main reservoirs and sources of dermatophyte infection. The study aimed to characterize the frequency of dermatophyte infection and the potential risk of microsporic infection to the owners and to possible buyers of apparently healthy Persian cats from commercial catteries of São Paulo, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: Fur samples were obtained from 61 clinically healthy Persian cats, which were devoid of typical cutaneous lesions and had negative results in Woods lamp examination. The average age of the cats was 37.7 months; 18 (29.5%) of them were males and 43 (70.5%) were females. The cats were from commercial catteries located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo state capital. Samples were obtained using the technique of Mariat & Adam using a square (25 cm2 ) of sterile carpet rubbed across the surface of the hair-coat and skin. People who had close contact with the animals were asked whether they had had typical ringworm lesions in the recent past or at the time of sample collection. The material collected was pressed onto Petri dishes containing agar [...]

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: dermatological aspects and associated dermatoses / Leishmaniose visceral canina: aspectos dermatológicos e dermatoses associadas

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania chagasi (syn. L. infantum). The dog is the main reservoir for this infectious agent in the urban environment. Among the various systemic signs of viscerotropic infection by L. chagasi, cutaneous lesions, including exfoliative dermatitis, cutaneous ulcers and nodules, alopecia, papular or pustular dermatitis, and onychogryphosis, are the most common in dogs. This study aimed to describe the major cutaneous lesions, evaluate the skin parasite L. chagasi by PCR, and investigate the main dermatoses associated with this zoonosis. Materials, Methods & Results: This study evaluated 50 seropositive dogs of various breeds and sizes for VL by ELISA and IFA and for the dermatological signs associated with VL. Moreover, molecular analysis of skin fragments was performed with primers 150 and 152 for the genus Leishmania, and the species was verified as L. chagasi with RV1 and RV2 primers. Deep skin scraping for mites and fungal culture analysis were performed in all dogs. Of the 50 dogs, 15 (30%) were free of systemic or cutaneous signs; however, changes in skin and annexes were observed in 35 (70%) dogs. Thirty-one dogs (62%) presented infection with dermatophytes, 26 (83.9%) with Microsporum sp., and 5 (16.1%) with Trichophyton sp.; only one dog showed parasitism by Sarcoptes scabiei. A statistically [...](AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: dermatological aspects and associated dermatoses / Leishmaniose visceral canina: aspectos dermatológicos e dermatoses associadas

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania chagasi (syn. L. infantum). The dog is the main reservoir for this infectious agent in the urban environment. Among the various systemic signs of viscerotropic infection by L. chagasi, cutaneous lesions, including exfoliative dermatitis, cutaneous ulcers and nodules, alopecia, papular or pustular dermatitis, and onychogryphosis, are the most common in dogs. This study aimed to describe the major cutaneous lesions, evaluate the skin parasite L. chagasi by PCR, and investigate the main dermatoses associated with this zoonosis. Materials, Methods & Results: This study evaluated 50 seropositive dogs of various breeds and sizes for VL by ELISA and IFA and for the dermatological signs associated with VL. Moreover, molecular analysis of skin fragments was performed with primers 150 and 152 for the genus Leishmania, and the species was verified as L. chagasi with RV1 and RV2 primers. Deep skin scraping for mites and fungal culture analysis were performed in all dogs. Of the 50 dogs, 15 (30%) were free of systemic or cutaneous signs; however, changes in skin and annexes were observed in 35 (70%) dogs. Thirty-one dogs (62%) presented infection with dermatophytes, 26 (83.9%) with Microsporum sp., and 5 (16.1%) with Trichophyton sp.; only one dog showed parasitism by Sarcoptes scabiei. A statistically [...]

Isolation of dermatophytes from 50 asymptomatic domestic cats treated at the Federal University of Mato Grosso Veterinary Hospital in Cuiabá, MT / Isolamento de dermatófitos em 50 felinos assintomáticos atendidos no HOVET-UFMT, em Cuiabá

Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a zoonotic disease caused by complex fungi that grow as hyphae and attach to the skin, hair and nails or claws. About 40 species of fungi of the genera Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp. and Epidermophyton spp. are considered dermatophytes, and Microsporum canis is the genus most commonly isolated from cats. This study investigated the occurrence of dermatophytes in cats without clinical signs of skin diseases. The study involved the physical examination of 50 clinically healthy cats and the collection of samples for direct examination and fungal culture at a university veterinary hospital. The resulting data were evaluated by the chi-square association test. Of the 50 cats, 11 (22%) presented dermatophytes, with a predominance of Microsporum spp. The other 39 animals were diagnosed for non-dermatophytic fungi. Sex, breed and the presence of contactants showed no statistical difference, although there was a predominance of adult animals. The high dermatophyte infection rate confirms that cats without clinical signs can harbor these fungi, acting as asymptomatic carriers, contaminating the environment and increasing the infection rate. This study confirms that cats without clinical signs can be carriers of ringworm, which underscores the importance of the adoption of control methods even for clinically healthy animals.

Dermatofitose é uma zoonose causada por fungos complexos que crescem como hifas e se fixam na pele superficial, pelo e unhas. Existem cerca de 40 espécies de fungos pertencentes aos gêneros Microsporum, Trichophyton e Epidermophyton, considerados dermatófitos e, destes, o mais isolado em gatos é o Microsporum canis. Este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de dermatófitos em felinos, ausentes de sinais clínicos de dermatopatias. Em Hospital Veterinário Universitário, 50 gatos clinicamente saudáveis foram avaliados e submetidos ao exame físico, coleta de amostra para exame direto e cultura fúngica. Os dados foram avaliados por Teste de Associação Qui-quadrado. Dos 50 gatos, 11 (22%) apresentaram dermatófitos, com predomínio de Microsporum spp. Os outros 39 animais foram diagnosticados para fungos não dermatófitos. Não foi observada diferença estatística para sexo, raça ou presença de contactantes, mas houve predomínio de animais adultos. A elevada taxa de infecção por dermatófitos confirma que felinos sem sinais clínicos podem albergar estes fungos, agindo como carreadores assintomáticos e, consequentemente, contaminando o ambiente e elevando a taxa de infecção. Este trabalho confirma que gatos sem sinais clínicos podem ser portadores de dermatofitose, fato que evidencia a importância de adoção de método de controle, mesmo em animais clinicamente saudáveis.

Pseudomicetoma dermatofítico em felino SRD: relato de caso

O presente trabalho relata um caso de pseudomicetoma dermatofítico, em um gato SRD, quatro anos. O pseudomicetoma dermatofítico é uma forma de dermatofitose em que fungos dermatofílicos formam hifas no tecido dérmico e subcutâneo. As lesões nodulares formadas em consequência de infecção do tecido profundo por dermatofítos é o sintoma mais comum. O dermatófico mais comumente encontrado em felinos é Microsporum canis. No caso, o paciente apresentava lesões fistulizadas, nodulares, com exposição de tecido subcutâneo em ambos os membros anteriores, exudativo, mucopurulento e grumos. Histológicamente foi caracterizada Dermatite piogranulomatosa severa com agregados de hifas pleomórficas (Pseudomicetoma Dermatofitico). (AU)

This paper reports a case of Dermatophytic Pseudomycetoma, in a cat NRD, four years. Dermatophytic Pseudomycetoma is a form of dermatophytosis where in dermatophytes fungal hyphae formed in the dermal and subcutaneous tissue. The nodular lesions formed as a result of deep tissue infection by dermatophytes is the most common symptom. The dermatophyt most commonly found in cats is Microsporum canis. In case, the patient had fistulizadas, nodular, with subcutaneous tissue exposure in both forelimbs, exudative, mucopurulent and lumpy. Histologically was characterized severe dermatitis pyogranulomatous hyphae with pleomorphic aggregates (Dermatophytic Pseudomycetoma). (AU)

Pseudomicetoma dermatofítico em felino SRD: relato de caso

O presente trabalho relata um caso de pseudomicetoma dermatofítico, em um gato SRD, quatro anos. O pseudomicetoma dermatofítico é uma forma de dermatofitose em que fungos dermatofílicos formam hifas no tecido dérmico e subcutâneo. As lesões nodulares formadas em consequência de infecção do tecido profundo por dermatofítos é o sintoma mais comum. O dermatófico mais comumente encontrado em felinos é Microsporum canis. No caso, o paciente apresentava lesões fistulizadas, nodulares, com exposição de tecido subcutâneo em ambos os membros anteriores, exudativo, mucopurulento e grumos. Histológicamente foi caracterizada Dermatite piogranulomatosa severa com agregados de hifas pleomórficas (Pseudomicetoma Dermatofitico).

This paper reports a case of Dermatophytic Pseudomycetoma, in a cat NRD, four years. Dermatophytic Pseudomycetoma is a form of dermatophytosis where in dermatophytes fungal hyphae formed in the dermal and subcutaneous tissue. The nodular lesions formed as a result of deep tissue infection by dermatophytes is the most common symptom. The dermatophyt most commonly found in cats is Microsporum canis. In case, the patient had fistulizadas, nodular, with subcutaneous tissue exposure in both forelimbs, exudative, mucopurulent and lumpy. Histologically was characterized severe dermatitis pyogranulomatous hyphae with pleomorphic aggregates (Dermatophytic Pseudomycetoma).

ESTUDO IN VITRO DA RESPOSTA DE MACRÓFAGOS NA INFECÇÃO COM MICROSPORUM CANIS

Os dermatófitos são fungos importantes para a saúde pública, são transmitidos entre animais e seres humanos causando zoonoses. Microsporum canis é o principal agente das dermatofitoses em cães e gatos. A imunidade inata desempenha importante papel frente à infecção contra dermatófitos; entretanto, existem poucos estudos sobre a relação entre resposta imune inata e M. canis. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade fagocítica, microbicida e imunomoduladora de macrófagos desafiados com microconídios de M. canis. Macrófagos murinos, tratados ou não com LPS (1µg/ml), foram infectados com M. canis na proporção de 0,25:1 (microconídios/macrófagos) e cultivados por 30 min, 1 h, 3 h e 6 h. Após cada intervalo, as lamínulas foram coletadas e coradas por Giemsa, contando-se duzentas células e calculando-se a porcentagem de macrófagos que internalizaram pelo menos um microconídio. O sobrenadante foi coletado para medir os níveis de citocinas e óxido nítrico, e checou-se a viabilidade celular e o perfil dos macrófagos durante a infecção. A porcentagem de fagocitose aumentou no transcorrer do tempo, atingindo o máximo às 6 h. A porcentagem de macrófagos não estimulados com LPS que fagocitaram microconídios foi de 28,0%, 33,5%, 62,5% e 71,5%, respectivamente em 30 min, 1 h, 3 h e 6 h. Nos macrófagos estimulados com LPS esta porcentagem foi de 34,5%, 47,5%, 67,0% e 74,0%, respectivamente nos intervalos de 30 min, 1 h, 3 h e 6 h. A produção de óxido nítrico foi similar em ambos, macrófagos estimulados ou não com LPS. Níveis de TNF aumentaram no transcorrer do tempo em macrófagos desafiados com M. canis estimulados ou não com LPS, quando comparados com macrófagos não infectados (p<0,05). Níveis superiores de IL-6 foram produzidos por macrófagos estimulados com LPS e infectados com M. canis no intervalo de 1 h (p<0,05). A viabilidade celular diminuiu com o tempo, com o pico de morte dos macrófagos às 6 h. O teste de microbicidade mostrou que, mesmo após a fagocitose, os microconídios de M. canis permaneciam viáveis dentro dos macrófagos. Os macrófagos mostraram um perfil M2, o qual produz uma tendência de resposta anti-inflamatória que favorece o crescimento fúngico. Macrófagos apresentaram alta atividade fagocítica frente o M. canis, a qual aumentou quando previamente estimulados com LPS. Estímulo com LPS também aumentou a produção de citocinas, sugerindo uma modulação na resposta à infecção. O aumento na produção das citocinas pró-inflamatórias TNF- e IL-6 que são importantes no recrutamento de novas células fagocíticas e na resolução da infecção, foi observado nos macrófagos desafiados com M. canis. Os resultados sugerem que, apesar dos macrófagos apresentarem atividade fagocítica e produção de citocinas quando desafiados com M. canis, sua viabilidade e a atividade microbicida são prejudicadas, não sendo capazes de controlar a infecção.

Dermatophytes are important fungi for public health, as they are transmitted between animals and humans causing zoonoses. Microsporum canis is the main agent of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. Innate immunity plays an important role in the establishment of dermatophytic infection; however, there are few studies on the relationship between innate immune response and M. canis. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the phagocytic, microbicidal and immunomodulatory capacity of macrophages challenged with M. canis microconidia. Murine macrophages, treated or not with LPS (1µg /ml), were infected with M. canis in a ratio of 0.25:1 (microconidia/macrophages) and incubated for 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h. After each interval, the coverslips were collected and stained by Giemsa, counting two hundred cells and calculating the percentage of macrophages that internalized at least one microconidium. The supernatant was collected to measure cytokine and nitric oxide levels, and cell viability and macrophage profile during infection were checked. The percentage of phagocytosis increased over time, peaking at 6 h. The percentage of non-stimulated LPS macrophages that phagocytosed microconidia was 28.0%, 33.5%, 62.5%, and 71.5%, respectively at 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, these percentages were 34.5%, 47.5%, 67.0%, and 74.0%, respectively at 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h intervals. Nitric oxide production was similar in both macrophages stimulated or not with LPS. TNF- levels increased over time in macrophages challenged with M. canis stimulated or not with LPS when compared to uninfected macrophages (p <0.05). Higher levels of IL-6 were produced by LPS-stimulated and M. canis-infected macrophages within 1 h (p <0.05). Cell viability decreased over time with macrophages death peak at 6 h. Microbicity test showed that even after phagocytosis, M. canis microconidia remained viable within the macrophages. Macrophages showed an M2 profile, which produces a tendency of anti-inflammatory response that favors fungal growth. Macrophages showed high phagocytic activity against M. canis, which increased when previously stimulated with LPS. LPS stimulation also increased cytokine production, suggesting a modulation in the response to infection. Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- and IL-6, which are important in recruiting new phagocytic cells and resolving the infection, was observed in macrophages challenged with M. canis. The results suggest that, although macrophages present phagocytic activity and cytokine production when challenged with M. canis, their viability and microbicidal activity are impaired and unable to control infection.

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE CULTIVO E DETECÇÃO MOLECULAR PARA DIAGNÓSTICO DE DERMATÓFITOS DIRETAMENTE DO PELAME DE CÃES E DE GATOS

Os dermatófitos são responsáveis pela doença fúngica mais frequente na clínica médica veterinária de pequenos animais: a dermatofitose. Trata-se de uma zoonose de distribuição mundial, caracterizada pela infecção de estruturas queratinizadas, como pele, cabelos, pelame, unhas e garras. O cultivo micológico é o padrão de referência para o diagnóstico dessa micose, no entanto requer aproximadamente 15 dias para um resultado definitivo. Métodos de diagnóstico moleculares baseados em PCR possuem elevada sensibilidade e especificidade, além de proporcionarem resultados entre um a três dias. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a detecção molecular de dermatófitos diretamente de amostras de pelame de cães e de gatos com suspeita de dermatofitose e comparar os resultados obtidos com o método padrão de referência. Foram coletadas 219 amostras de pelame, as quais foram submetidas ao cultivo micológico e à extração de DNA para realização de análise por qPCR. A comparação entre testes mostrou concordância de resultados em 70% das amostras: a qPCR identificou corretamente amostras positivas em cultivo em 34% dos casos, enquanto identificou corretamente amostras negativas em cultivo em 95% dos casos. Além disso, a qPCR foi capaz de detectar dermatófitos em sete amostras negativas em cultivo. A qPCR detectou maior proporção de dermatófitos em amostras de gatos (20%) do que em amostras de cães (13%). Diferentes métodos prévios à extração de DNA (tratamento por congelamento versus sem tratamento) e uso de amostras com diferentes períodos entre coleta e extração de DNA (menor ou igual a um ano versus maior que um ano) foram comparados, observando-se que o uso de amostras frescas associado ao tratamento por congelamento prévio à extração de DNA proporcionou 64% de positividade na qPCR das amostras positivas em cultivo. Ainda, amostras de alta pureza e concentração de DNA apresentaram 82% de positividade na qPCR das amostras positivas em cultivo. A qPCR pode ser utilizada como um teste de triagem inicial prévio ao cultivo micológico. Ainda assim, a técnica molecular desenvolvida deve ser adaptada com a adição de novos métodos juntos à extração a fim de aumentar sua eficácia, podendo se tornar o método de escolha para a detecção de dermatófitos em amostras clínicas no futuro.

Dermatophytes are responsible for the most common fungal disease in small animal veterinary practice: dermatophytosis. It is a worldwide zoonosis characterized by infection of keratinized structures such as skin, hair, fur, nails and claws. Mycological culture is the reference standard for diagnosis of this ringworm, however it requires at least 15 days for a definitive result. PCR-based diagnostic methods are high sensitivity and specificity and provide results within one to three days. The aim of this study was to perform molecular detection of dermatophytes directly from dog and cat fur samples with suspected dermatophytosis and to compare results with reference standard method. A total of 219 fur samples were collected and submitted to mycological culture and DNA extraction for qPCR analysis. Comparison between tests showed results agreement in 70% of samples: qPCR correctly identified positive samples in culture in 34% of cases; while correctly identified negative culture samples in 95% of cases. In addition, qPCR was able to detect dermatophytes in seven negative culture samples. qPCR detected a higher proportion of dermatophytes in cat (20%) than in dog (13%) samples. Different methods prior to DNA extraction (freezing treatment versus untreated) and use of samples with different periods between DNA collection and extraction (less than or equal to one year versus more than one year) were compared: use of fresh samples associated with freezing treatment prior to DNA extraction yielded 64% positivity in qPCR of positive samples in culture. Also, high purity and high amount of DNA samples yielded 82% positivity in qPCR of positive samples in culture. qPCR can be used as initial screening test prior to mycological culture. Nevertheless, this molecular technique developed must be adapted with addition of new methods together with extraction in order to increase its effectiveness and could become the method of choice for dermatophytes detection in clinical samples in future.