The occurrence of rhizobacteria from Paspalum genotypes and their effects on plant growth

This work aimed to isolate and characterize plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from 10 Paspalum genotypes and evaluate the effect of their inoculation on P. regnellii, P. atratum, and P. malacophyllum genotypes. The bacterial population ranged from undetectable to 107 bacterial cells per gram of fresh matter in the Paspalum genotypes. Initially, we isolated 164 bacteria from rhizospheric soil and roots of the Paspalum genotypes using media N-free LG agar plate, semi-solid NFb, and LGI. The isolates were characterized genetically and physiologically. The sequencing of 16S rRNA showed the presence of many genera, and some are new in association with Paspalum. The most common was Bacillus followed by Rhizobium, Paraburkholderia, Enterobacter, Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, Dyadobacter and Acinetobacter. Thirty-eight per cent of isolates produced siderophores, 25 % produced solubilized phosphate, and only 9 % produced indolic compounds. Three greenhouse experiments were performed in randomized blocks with six replicates using representative bacterial strains isolated from P. regnellii, P. malacophyllum and P. atratum cv. Pojuca. We also included strain Sp245 (Azospirillum baldaniorum), uninoculated control, and nitrogen control (150 kg N ha–1). There was an increase of up to 53 % in shoot dry matter in P. regnellii inoculated with strain Sp245 and the shoots accumulated more N. In contrast, only small effects were observed for the other Paspalum genotypes inoculated with PGPR from the host genotypes. This study shows a high diversity of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria and suggests no strain specificity between the bacterial isolates and the Paspalum genotypes.

The occurrence of rhizobacteria from Paspalum genotypes and their effects on plant growth

This work aimed to isolate and characterize plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from 10 Paspalum genotypes and evaluate the effect of their inoculation on P. regnellii, P. atratum, and P. malacophyllum genotypes. The bacterial population ranged from undetectable to 107 bacterial cells per gram of fresh matter in the Paspalum genotypes. Initially, we isolated 164 bacteria from rhizospheric soil and roots of the Paspalum genotypes using media N-free LG agar plate, semi-solid NFb, and LGI. The isolates were characterized genetically and physiologically. The sequencing of 16S rRNA showed the presence of many genera, and some are new in association with Paspalum. The most common was Bacillus followed by Rhizobium, Paraburkholderia, Enterobacter, Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, Dyadobacter and Acinetobacter. Thirty-eight per cent of isolates produced siderophores, 25 % produced solubilized phosphate, and only 9 % produced indolic compounds. Three greenhouse experiments were performed in randomized blocks with six replicates using representative bacterial strains isolated from P. regnellii, P. malacophyllum and P. atratum cv. Pojuca. We also included strain Sp245 (Azospirillum baldaniorum), uninoculated control, and nitrogen control (150 kg N ha−1). There was an increase of up to 53 % in shoot dry matter in P. regnellii inoculated with strain Sp245 and the shoots accumulated more N. In contrast, only small effects were observed for the other Paspalum genotypes inoculated with PGPR from the host genotypes. This study shows a high diversity of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria and suggests no strain specificity between the bacterial isolates and the Paspalum genotypes.

The occurrence of rhizobacteria from Paspalum genotypes and their effects on plant growth

ABSTRACT This work aimed to isolate and characterize plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from 10 Paspalum genotypes and evaluate the effect of their inoculation on P. regnellii, P. atratum, and P. malacophyllum genotypes. The bacterial population ranged from undetectable to 107 bacterial cells per gram of fresh matter in the Paspalum genotypes. Initially, we isolated 164 bacteria from rhizospheric soil and roots of the Paspalum genotypes using media N-free LG agar plate, semi-solid NFb, and LGI. The isolates were characterized genetically and physiologically. The sequencing of 16S rRNA showed the presence of many genera, and some are new in association with Paspalum. The most common was Bacillus followed by Rhizobium, Paraburkholderia, Enterobacter, Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, Dyadobacter and Acinetobacter. Thirty-eight per cent of isolates produced siderophores, 25 % produced solubilized phosphate, and only 9 % produced indolic compounds. Three greenhouse experiments were performed in randomized blocks with six replicates using representative bacterial strains isolated from P. regnellii, P. malacophyllum and P. atratum cv. Pojuca. We also included strain Sp245 (Azospirillum baldaniorum), uninoculated control, and nitrogen control (150 kg N ha1). There was an increase of up to 53 % in shoot dry matter in P. regnellii inoculated with strain Sp245 and the shoots accumulated more N. In contrast, only small effects were observed for the other Paspalum genotypes inoculated with PGPR from the host genotypes. This study shows a high diversity of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria and suggests no strain specificity between the bacterial isolates and the Paspalum genotypes.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria reduce aphid population and enhance the productivity of bread wheat

Abstract Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increase plant growth and give protection against insect pests and pathogens. Due to the negative impact of chemical pesticides on environment, alternatives to these chemicals are needed. In this scenario, the biological methods of pest control offer an eco-friendly and an attractive option. In this study, the effect of two plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains (Bacillus sp. strain 6 and Pseudomonas sp. strain 6K) on aphid population and wheat productivity was evaluated in an aphid susceptible (Pasban-90) and resistant (Inqlab-91) wheat cultivar. The seeds were inoculated with each PGPR strain, separately or the combination of both. The lowest aphid population (2.1 tiller1), and highest plant height (85.8 cm), number of spikelets per spike (18), grains per spike (44), productive tillers (320 m2), straw yield (8.6 Mg ha1), and grain yield (4.8 Mg ha1) were achieved when seeds were inoculated with Bacillus sp. strain 6 + Pseudomonas sp. strain 6K. The grain yield of both varieties was enhanced by 35.538.9% with seed inoculation with both bacterial strains. Thus, the combine use of both PGPR strains viz. Bacillus sp. strain 6 + Pseudomonas sp. strain 6K offers an attractive option to reduce aphid population tied with better wheat productivity.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria reduce aphid population and enhance the productivity of bread wheat

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increase plant growth and give protection against insect pests and pathogens. Due to the negative impact of chemical pesticides on environment, alternatives to these chemicals are needed. In this scenario, the biological methods of pest control offer an eco-friendly and an attractive option. In this study, the effect of two plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains (Bacillus sp. strain 6 and Pseudomonas sp. strain 6K) on aphid population and wheat productivity was evaluated in an aphid susceptible (Pasban-90) and resistant (Inqlab-91) wheat cultivar. The seeds were inoculated with each PGPR strain, separately or the combination of both. The lowest aphid population (2.1 tiller−1), and highest plant height (85.8 cm), number of spikelets per spike (18), grains per spike (44), productive tillers (320 m−2), straw yield (8.6 Mg ha−1), and grain yield (4.8 Mg ha−1) were achieved when seeds were inoculated with Bacillus sp. strain 6 + Pseudomonas sp. strain 6K. The grain yield of both varieties was enhanced by 35.5–38.9% with seed inoculation with both bacterial strains. Thus, the combine use of both PGPR strains viz. Bacillus sp. strain 6 + Pseudomonas sp. strain 6K offers an attractive option to reduce aphid population tied with better wheat productivity.(AU)

Polyphasic characterization of bacteria obtained from upland rice cultivated in Cerrado soil

This work aimed to characterize 20 isolates obtained from upland rice plants, based on phenotypic (morphology, enzymatic activity, inorganic phosphate solubilization, carbon source use, antagonism), genotypic assays (16S rRNA sequencing) and plant growth promotion. Results showed a great morphological, metabolic and genetic variability among bacterial isolates. All isolates showed positive activity for catalase and protease enzymes and, 90% of the isolates showed positive activity for amylase, catalase and, nitrogenase. All isolates were able to metabolize sucrose and malic acid in contrast with mannitol, which was metabolized only by one isolate. For the other carbon sources, we observed a great variability in its use by the isolates. Most isolates showed antibiosis against Rhizoctonia solani (75%) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (55%) and, 50% of them showed antibiosis against both pathogens. Six isolates showed simultaneous ability of antibiosis, inorganic phosphate solubilization and protease activity. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene all the isolates belong to Bacillus genus. Under greenhouse conditions, two isolates (S4 and S22) improved to about 24%, 25%, 30% and 31% the Total N, leaf area, shoot dry weight and root dry weight, respectively, of rice plants, indicating that they should be tested for this ability under field conditions.(AU)

Growth-promoting bacteria change the development of aerial part and root system of canola / Bactérias promotoras de crescimento alteram o desenvolvimento da parte aérea e sistema radicular da canola

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are soil bacteria that have the ability to colonize the rhizosphere and favor the growth of plants through several mechanisms, such as phytohormone production, biological fixation in nitrogen (BNF), increased efficiency in uptake of nutrients in the soil, and greater tolerance to water stress or disease attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of inoculation of different growth promoting bacteria on the development of canola plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design. Four treatments were evaluated: control - without inoculation, Azospirillum brasilense of strain Ab-V5, Rhizobium sp. strain 8121, and Bacillus sp. strain CM. The height parameter of plants was evaluated weekly, starting at 25 days after sowing (DAS). At the end of the evaluations, at 53 DAS, the length of the main root, the dry mass of the aerial part and the root system were measured. The canola showed a linear increase in height from 25 to 53 DAS. Bacillus sp. negatively influenced the growth of the plants, reducing their height in periods 25, 32 and 39 DAS in relation to the control group. A. brazilense. yielded 2.64 times more dry root mass (0.7 g plant-1) than the control plants (0.3 g plant-1). Even though Rhizobium sp. produced an increase in the length of the main root, this was not reflected in an increment of dry mass in the root system. The greatest development of the root system was provided by A. brazilense.(AU)

As rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (PGPR) são bactérias do solo que possuem a capacidade de colonizar a rizosfera e favorecem o crescimento das plantas através de diversos mecanismos, tais como produção de fitohormônios, a fixação biológica no nitrogênio (FBN), aumento da eficiência na captação de nutrientes do solo, maior tolerância ao stress hídrico ou ao ataque de doenças. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar os efeitos da inoculação de diferentes bactérias promotoras de crescimento sobre o desenvolvimento da parte aérea e sistema radículas de plantas canola. O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação com delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliados quatro tratamentos: controle - sem inoculação, Azospirillum brasilense da estirpe Ab-V5, Rhizobium sp. estirpe 8121, Bacillus sp. estirpe CM. O parâmetro altura de plantas foi avaliado semanalmente, iniciando-se aos 25 dias após a semeadura (DAS). No término das avaliações, aos 53 DAS, foram mensurados o comprimento da raiz principal, a massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. A canola apresentou aumento em altura dos 25 aos 53 DAS. Bacillus sp. influenciou negativamente o crescimento das plantas, reduzindo a altura das mesmas nos períodos 25, 32 e 39 DAS em relação ao controle. A. brazilense proporcionou 2.64 vezes mais massa seca de raízes (0,7 g planta-1) em comparação ao controle (0,3 g planta-1). O Rhizobium sp. apesar de proporcionar aumento no comprimento da raiz principal, este não refletiu em incremento de massa seca no sistema radicular. O maior desenvolvimento do sistema radicular foi proporcionado por A. brazilense.(AU)

Tricalcium phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation by newly isolated Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus CKMV1 from rhizosphere of Valeriana jatamansi and its growth promotional effect

Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus strain CKMV1 was isolated from rhizosphere of Valeriana jatamansi and possessed multiple plant growth promoting traits like production of phosphate solubilization (260 mg/L), nitrogen fixation (202.91 nmol ethylene mL-1 h-1), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (8.1 µg/mL), siderophores (61.60%), HCN (hydrogen cyanide) production and antifungal activity. We investigated the ability of isolate CKMV1 to solubilize insoluble P via mechanism of organic acid production. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) study showed that isolate CKMV1 produced mainly gluconic (1.34%) and oxalic acids. However, genetic evidences for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization by organic acid production have been reported first time for A. aneurinilyticus strain CKMV1. A unique combination of glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) gene and pyrroloquinoline quinone synthase (pqq) gene, a cofactor of gdh involved in phosphate solubilization has been elucidated. Nitrogenase (nif H) gene for nitrogen fixation was reported from A. aneurinilyticus. It was notable that isolate CKMV1 exhibited highest antifungal against Sclerotium rolfsii (93.58%) followed by Fusarium oxysporum (64.3%), Dematophora necatrix (52.71%), Rhizoctonia solani (91.58%), Alternaria sp. (71.08%) and Phytophthora sp. (71.37%). Remarkable increase was observed in seed germination (27.07%), shoot length (42.33%), root length (52.6%), shoot dry weight (62.01%) and root dry weight (45.7%) along with NPK (0.74, 0.36, 1.82%) content of tomato under net house condition. Isolate CKMV1 possessed traits related to plant growth promotion, therefore, could be a potential candidate for the development of biofertiliser or biocontrol agent and this is the first study to include the Aneurinibacillus as PGPR.(AU)

Agronomical performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. 'Unica' under inoculation with native rhizobacteria and application of acetyl salicylic acid / Desempenho agronômico da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. 'Unica' sob inoculação com rhizobacterias nativas e aplicação de ácido acetil salicílico

Peru is center of origin of potato and its wild relatives, so it is convenient to develop new technologies of agronomical management with less impact on the ecosystem, as in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in potato is increasing in developing countries. The objective of the work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of potato cv. 'Unica' under inoculation with PGPR rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Andean potatoes and on the effect of the application of acetylsalicylic acid in field conditions of the Peruvian coast. Inoculation of four bacterial isolates were evaluated: Bacillus simplex B13, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bac 15Mb, Azotobacter sp. Azo 16M2 and Pantoea sp. DZ22, as well as a dose of 0.4 mM acetyl salicylic acid as promoter treatments for plant growth versus a control with no inoculation. A randomized complete block design was used in a sandy loam class soil, slightly alkaline, with low organic content and free of salts. There was a relative humidity between 54 and 71%, while the average air temperatures ranged between 13 and 21 ºC in San Vicente de Cañete, Lima (coordinates UTM 18L3540788550372). Inoculated plants with bacterial strains at sowing time and control were evaluated at flowering in plots of 40 plants with three replications for several physiological and productive parameters. Means were separated statistically through Duncan's multiple range test and processed with Infostat software. Inoculation with strain Azotobacter sp. Azo 16M2, showed significant differences (p<0.05) with respect to control without inoculation, increasing tuber yield and commercial tuber weight per hectare and with less damage by the leafminer fly (Liriomyza huidobrensis) vis-à-vis the control. Also application of acetyl salicylic acid showed higher percentage of inflorescences (p<0.05) compared to the control, while statistical differences were not found between bacterial strains...

Peru é o centro de origem da batata e seus parentes silvestres, por isso é conveniente desenvolver novas tecnologias de gestão agronômica com menor impacto no ecossistema, como o uso de pesticidas e fertilizantes químicos em batata está aumentando nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico da cv. 'Unica' sob inoculação com rizobactérias PGPR isoladas da rizosfera de batata andina e pelo efeito da aplicação de ácido acetilsalicílico nas condições de campo da costa peruana. Avaliou-se a inoculação de quatro isolados bacterianos: Bacillus simplex B13, B. amyloliquefaciens Bac 15Mb, Azotobacter sp. Azo 16M2 e Pantoea sp. DZ22 bem como uma dose de 0,4 mM de ácido acetilsalicílico como promotores de tratamentos para o crescimento das plantas versus um controle sem inoculação. Utilizou-se um delineamento em blocos casualizados, em um solo franco-arenoso,  ligeiramente alcalino, de baixo conteúdo orgânico e livre de sais. O clima durante o ensaio apresentou uma umidade relativa entre 54 e 71%, temperaturas médias entre 13 e 21 ºC em San Vicente de Cañete, Lima (coordenadas UTM  18L3540788550372). As plantas foram inoculadas com estirpes bacterianas no momento da semeadura e na floração e os tratamentos foram avaliados em parcelas de 40 plantas com três repetições para diversos parâmetros fisiológicos e produtivos. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através do teste de Duncan e processados com o software Infostat. A inoculação com a estirpe Azo 16M2, apresentou diferenças significativas (p<0,05) em relação ao controle sem inoculação, aumentando a produção de tubérculos e o peso comercial de tubérculos por hectare e com menor dano pela mosca minadora (Liriomyza huidobrensis) em relação ao controle. Também a aplicação de ácido acetilsalicílico apresentou maior porcentagem de inflorescências (p<0,05) em relação ao controle, enquanto que diferenças estatísticas não foram encontradas entre...

Agronomical performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. 'Unica' under inoculation with native rhizobacteria and application of acetyl salicylic acid / Desempenho agronômico da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. 'Unica' sob inoculação com rhizobacterias nativas e aplicação de ácido acetil salicílico

Peru is center of origin of potato and its wild relatives, so it is convenient to develop new technologies of agronomical management with less impact on the ecosystem, as in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in potato is increasing in developing countries. The objective of the work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of potato cv. 'Unica' under inoculation with PGPR rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of Andean potatoes and on the effect of the application of acetylsalicylic acid in field conditions of the Peruvian coast. Inoculation of four bacterial isolates were evaluated: Bacillus simplex B13, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bac 15Mb, Azotobacter sp. Azo 16M2 and Pantoea sp. DZ22, as well as a dose of 0.4 mM acetyl salicylic acid as promoter treatments for plant growth versus a control with no inoculation. A randomized complete block design was used in a sandy loam class soil, slightly alkaline, with low organic content and free of salts. There was a relative humidity between 54 and 71%, while the average air temperatures ranged between 13 and 21 ºC in San Vicente de Cañete, Lima (coordinates UTM 18L3540788550372). Inoculated plants with bacterial strains at sowing time and control were evaluated at flowering in plots of 40 plants with three replications for several physiological and productive parameters. Means were separated statistically through Duncan's multiple range test and processed with Infostat software. Inoculation with strain Azotobacter sp. Azo 16M2, showed significant differences (p<0.05) with respect to control without inoculation, increasing tuber yield and commercial tuber weight per hectare and with less damage by the leafminer fly (Liriomyza huidobrensis) vis-à-vis the control. Also application of acetyl salicylic acid showed higher percentage of inflorescences (p<0.05) compared to the control, while statistical differences were not found between bacterial strains...(AU)

Peru é o centro de origem da batata e seus parentes silvestres, por isso é conveniente desenvolver novas tecnologias de gestão agronômica com menor impacto no ecossistema, como o uso de pesticidas e fertilizantes químicos em batata está aumentando nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico da cv. 'Unica' sob inoculação com rizobactérias PGPR isoladas da rizosfera de batata andina e pelo efeito da aplicação de ácido acetilsalicílico nas condições de campo da costa peruana. Avaliou-se a inoculação de quatro isolados bacterianos: Bacillus simplex B13, B. amyloliquefaciens Bac 15Mb, Azotobacter sp. Azo 16M2 e Pantoea sp. DZ22 bem como uma dose de 0,4 mM de ácido acetilsalicílico como promotores de tratamentos para o crescimento das plantas versus um controle sem inoculação. Utilizou-se um delineamento em blocos casualizados, em um solo franco-arenoso,  ligeiramente alcalino, de baixo conteúdo orgânico e livre de sais. O clima durante o ensaio apresentou uma umidade relativa entre 54 e 71%, temperaturas médias entre 13 e 21 ºC em San Vicente de Cañete, Lima (coordenadas UTM  18L3540788550372). As plantas foram inoculadas com estirpes bacterianas no momento da semeadura e na floração e os tratamentos foram avaliados em parcelas de 40 plantas com três repetições para diversos parâmetros fisiológicos e produtivos. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através do teste de Duncan e processados com o software Infostat. A inoculação com a estirpe Azo 16M2, apresentou diferenças significativas (p<0,05) em relação ao controle sem inoculação, aumentando a produção de tubérculos e o peso comercial de tubérculos por hectare e com menor dano pela mosca minadora (Liriomyza huidobrensis) em relação ao controle. Também a aplicação de ácido acetilsalicílico apresentou maior porcentagem de inflorescências (p<0,05) em relação ao controle, enquanto que diferenças estatísticas não foram encontradas entre...(AU)

Rhizobacterial characterization for quality control of eucalyptus biogrowth promoter products

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains from special formulations have been used to optimize eucalyptus cutting production. To undertake quality control for the formulated products, the rhizobacterial strains should be characterized to assess their purity and authentication. In the present study, we characterized nine strains of rhizobacteria, including three Bacillus subtilis (S1, S2 and 3918), two Pseudomonas sp. (MF4 and FL2), P. putida (MF2), P. fulva (Ca), Frateuria aurantia (R1), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (CIIb). The strains were differentiated by colony morphology after 24 h of incubation in three different solid state culture media (glucose-nutritive agar, 523 medium and yeast extract-mannitol agar), sensitivity to a panel of 28 antibiotics (expressed according to the formation of inhibition halos of bacterial growth in the presence of antibiotics), and PCR-RFLP profiles of the 16S rDNA gene produced using nine restriction enzymes. It was possible to differentiate all nine strains of rhizobacteria using their morphological characteristics and sensitivity to antibiotics. The molecular analysis allowed us to separate the strains CIIb, FL2 and R1 from the strains belonging to the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas. By using these three methods concomitantly, we were able to determine strain purity and perform the authentication.(AU)

Management of blight of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) caused by Drechslera bicolor

Sweet or bell pepper is a member of the Solanaceae family and is regarded as one of the most popular and nutritious vegetable. Blight, in the form of leaf and fruit blight, has been observed to infect bell pepper crops cultivated at the horticulture farm in Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, India. Based on disease severity, we attempted to curb this newly emerged problem using different fungicides, plant extracts, bio-control agents, and commercial botanicals against the fungus in laboratory and pot experiments. Bio-control agent Trichoderma viride and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolate Neist-2 were found to be quite effective against bell pepper blight. All evaluated fungicides, botanicals, commercial botanicals, and bio-control agents in vitro were further studied as seed dressers and two foliar sprays at ten days interval in pot experiments. The combinations of Vitavax, PGPR isolate Neist-2, and Mehandi extract were found to be very effective against bell pepper blight followed by Vitavax, T. viride, and Mehandi extract used individually. All treatments in the pot experiments were found to significantly reduce seedling mortality and enhance plant biomass of bell pepper. Thus, these experimental findings suggest that a better integrated management of bell pepper blight could be achieved by conducting field trials in major bell pepper- and chilli-cultivated areas of the state. Besides fungicides, different botanicals and commercial botanicals also seem to be promising treatment options. Therefore, the outcome of the present study provides an alternate option of fungicide use in minimizing loss caused by Drechslera bicolor.(AU)

Search for endophytic diazotrophs in barley seeds

Eight endophytic isolates assigned to Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, and Bacillus genera according to pheno-genotypic features were retrieved from barley seeds under selective pressure for nitrogen-fixers. Genetic relationships among related isolates were investigated through RAPD. Six isolates displayed nitrogen-fixing ability, while all could biosynthesize indolacetic acid in vitro and showed no antibiosis effects against Azospirillum brasilense Az39, a recognized PGPR.

Bioinformatics based structural characterization of glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) gene and growth promoting activity of Leclercia sp. QAU-66

Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.1. 5.2) is the member of quinoproteins group that use the redox cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinoine, calcium ions and glucose as substrate for its activity. In present study, Leclercia sp. QAU-66, isolated from rhizosphere of Vigna mungo, was characterized for phosphate solubilization and the role of GDH in plant growth promotion of Phaseolus vulgaris. The strain QAU-66 had ability to solubilize phosphorus and significantly (p < 0.05) promoted the shoot and root lengths of Phaseolus vulgaris. The structural determination of GDH protein was carried out using bioinformatics tools like Pfam, InterProScan, I-TASSER and COFACTOR. These tools predicted the structural based functional homology of pyrroloquinoline quinone domains in GDH. GDH of Leclercia sp. QAU-66 is one of the main factor that involved in plant growth promotion and provides a solid background for further research in plant growth promoting activities.

Tratamento de sementes com rizobactérias na produção de cebola

Plant association with benefic rhizobacteria can enhance plant growth and diseases biocontrol, reducing production costs and environment pesticides impact. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Epagri, Ituporanga, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil in 2007 to evaluate the effect of microbiolization with rhizobacteria on onion seed 'Bola Precoce' in plants development and bulb yield. The rhizobacteria Pseudomonas spp. (W1, W2, W5, W6), Bacillus megaterium (W7, W19), Pseudomonas alcaligenes (W15), Paenibacillus polymyxa (W18), Bacillus cereus (UFV 040), Pseudomonas putida (UFV 043), were used as inoculants and compared with non treated check. There was influence of rhizobacteria tested on the onion development. The treatment with Pseudomonas spp. (W6) and Bacillus cereus (UFV40) showed significantly increased bulb yield. Yield increases by the rhizobacteria varied from 3% to 48%. Rhizobacteria are promising as bioinoculant, for use in onion production.

A associação de plantas com rizobactérias benéficas pode promover o crescimento vegetal e o biocontrole de doenças, reduzindo custos de produção e diminuindo o impacto dos agrotóxicos no meio ambiente. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de rizobactérias aplicadas às sementes de cebola 'Bola Precoce' no desenvolvimento de plantas e na produção de bulbos, foi conduzido um estudo na Estação Experimental da Epagri de Ituporanga, Santa Catarina, em 2007. Foram avaliadas as rizobactérias Pseudomonas spp. (W1, W2, W5, W6), Bacillus megaterium (W7, W19), Pseudomonas alcaligenes (W15), Paenibacillus polymyxa (W18), Bacillus cereus (UFV 040) e Pseudomonas putida (UFV 043), juntamente com uma testemunha não microbiolizada. Verificou-se que existe influência das rizobactérias testadas no desenvolvimento da cebola. Os isolados que apresentaram melhor rendimento de bulbos foram Pseudomonas spp. W6 e Bacillus cereus UFV40. Os aumentos de rendimento de bulbos em razão das rizobactérias variaram entre 3% e 48%. Essas bactérias promotoras de crescimento apresentam-se promissoras como bioinoculantes para serem utilizados na produção de cebola.

Tratamento de sementes com rizobactérias na produção de cebola

Plant association with benefic rhizobacteria can enhance plant growth and diseases biocontrol, reducing production costs and environment pesticides impact. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Epagri, Ituporanga, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil in 2007 to evaluate the effect of microbiolization with rhizobacteria on onion seed 'Bola Precoce' in plants development and bulb yield. The rhizobacteria Pseudomonas spp. (W1, W2, W5, W6), Bacillus megaterium (W7, W19), Pseudomonas alcaligenes (W15), Paenibacillus polymyxa (W18), Bacillus cereus (UFV 040), Pseudomonas putida (UFV 043), were used as inoculants and compared with non treated check. There was influence of rhizobacteria tested on the onion development. The treatment with Pseudomonas spp. (W6) and Bacillus cereus (UFV40) showed significantly increased bulb yield. Yield increases by the rhizobacteria varied from 3% to 48%. Rhizobacteria are promising as bioinoculant, for use in onion production.

A associação de plantas com rizobactérias benéficas pode promover o crescimento vegetal e o biocontrole de doenças, reduzindo custos de produção e diminuindo o impacto dos agrotóxicos no meio ambiente. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de rizobactérias aplicadas às sementes de cebola 'Bola Precoce' no desenvolvimento de plantas e na produção de bulbos, foi conduzido um estudo na Estação Experimental da Epagri de Ituporanga, Santa Catarina, em 2007. Foram avaliadas as rizobactérias Pseudomonas spp. (W1, W2, W5, W6), Bacillus megaterium (W7, W19), Pseudomonas alcaligenes (W15), Paenibacillus polymyxa (W18), Bacillus cereus (UFV 040) e Pseudomonas putida (UFV 043), juntamente com uma testemunha não microbiolizada. Verificou-se que existe influência das rizobactérias testadas no desenvolvimento da cebola. Os isolados que apresentaram melhor rendimento de bulbos foram Pseudomonas spp. W6 e Bacillus cereus UFV40. Os aumentos de rendimento de bulbos em razão das rizobactérias variaram entre 3% e 48%. Essas bactérias promotoras de crescimento apresentam-se promissoras como bioinoculantes para serem utilizados na produção de cebola.

Comparison of plant growth-promotion with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis in three vegetables

Our objective was to compare some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) properties of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as representatives of their two genera. Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato), Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), and Amaranthus sp. (African spinach) were inoculated with the bacterial cultures. At 60 days after planting, dry biomass for plants treated with B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa increased 31% for tomato, 36% and 29% for okra, and 83% and 40% for African spinach respectively over the non-bacterized control. Considering all the parameters tested, there were similarities but no significant difference at P 0.05 between the overall performances of the two organisms.

Nosso objetivo foi comparar as propriedades PGPR (rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas) de Bacillus subtilis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Solanum licopersicum (tomate), Asbelmoschus esculentus (ocra) e Amaranthus sp (espinafre africano) foram inoculados com as culturas bacterianas. Após 60 dias de plantio, a biomassa seca das plantas tratadas com B.subtilis e P. aeruginosa aumentou 31% para o tomate, 36% e 29% para ocra, e 83% e 40% para espinafre africano, respectivamente, em comparação com o controle não inoculado. Considerando os parâmetros testados, o desempenho dos dois microrganismos foi similar, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa (p 0,05).

Growth-promoting bacteria change the development of aerial part and root system of canola / Bactérias promotoras de crescimento alteram o desenvolvimento da parte aérea e sistema radicular da canola

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are soil bacteria that have the ability to colonize the rhizosphere and favor the growth of plants through several mechanisms, such as phytohormone production, biological fixation in nitrogen (BNF), increased efficiency in uptake of nutrients in the soil, and greater tolerance to water stress or disease attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of inoculation of different growth promoting bacteria on the development of canola plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design. Four treatments were evaluated: control - without inoculation, Azospirillum brasilense of strain Ab-V5, Rhizobium sp. strain 8121, and Bacillus sp. strain CM. The height parameter of plants was evaluated weekly, starting at 25 days after sowing (DAS). At the end of the evaluations, at 53 DAS, the length of the main root, the dry mass of the aerial part and the root system were measured. The canola showed a linear increase in height from 25 to 53 DAS. Bacillus sp. negatively influenced the growth of the plants, reducing their height in periods 25, 32 and 39 DAS in relation to the control group. A. brazilense. yielded 2.64 times more dry root mass (0.7 g plant-1) than the control plants (0.3 g plant-1). Even though Rhizobium sp. produced an increase in the length of the main root, this was not reflected in an increment of dry mass in the root system. The greatest development of the root system was provided by A. brazilense.

As rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (PGPR) são bactérias do solo que possuem a capacidade de colonizar a rizosfera e favorecem o crescimento das plantas através de diversos mecanismos, tais como produção de fitohormônios, a fixação biológica no nitrogênio (FBN), aumento da eficiência na captação de nutrientes do solo, maior tolerância ao stress hídrico ou ao ataque de doenças. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar os efeitos da inoculação de diferentes bactérias promotoras de crescimento sobre o desenvolvimento da parte aérea e sistema radículas de plantas canola. O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação com delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliados quatro tratamentos: controle - sem inoculação, Azospirillum brasilense da estirpe Ab-V5, Rhizobium sp. estirpe 8121, Bacillus sp. estirpe CM. O parâmetro altura de plantas foi avaliado semanalmente, iniciando-se aos 25 dias após a semeadura (DAS). No término das avaliações, aos 53 DAS, foram mensurados o comprimento da raiz principal, a massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. A canola apresentou aumento em altura dos 25 aos 53 DAS. Bacillus sp. influenciou negativamente o crescimento das plantas, reduzindo a altura das mesmas nos períodos 25, 32 e 39 DAS em relação ao controle. A. brazilense proporcionou 2.64 vezes mais massa seca de raízes (0,7 g planta-1) em comparação ao controle (0,3 g planta-1). O Rhizobium sp. apesar de proporcionar aumento no comprimento da raiz principal, este não refletiu em incremento de massa seca no sistema radicular. O maior desenvolvimento do sistema radicular foi proporcionado por A. brazilense.