True hermaphroditism in a Wistar rat

A rare case of true hermaphroditism was observed in a 9-week-old presumed female Wistar rat. This rat did not reveal any untoward clinical signs, food consumption, body weight gain and changes in haemato-biochemical parameters. Grossly, rat showed reduced size of the left ovary and shortened uterine horn. Microscopically, ovotestis was observed in the left ovarian tissue. Ovary consisted of numerous developing follicles at different stages of development with absence of corpora lutea. Developing testis contained seminiferous tubules lined with sertoli cells and sparse spermatogonial population. Left oviduct resembling developing epididymis consisting of tubules embedded in proliferating fibrous connective tissue, lined with multilayered ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Most of them were empty but, few had eosinophilic secretion and some of them contained exfoliated germ cells. Left uterine horn showed increased stromal connective tissue without proliferation of endometrial glands. A histopathological examination of left ovarian tissue implies a case of true hermaphroditism.

Simvastatin improves the healing of infected skin wounds of rats / A sinvastatina melhora a cicatrização de feridas infectadas da pele de ratos

PURPOSE: This study explores the potential of the simvastatin to ameliorate inflammation and infection in open infected skin wounds of rats. METHODS: Fourteen Wistar rats weighing 285±12g were used. The study was done in a group whose open infected skin wounds were treated with topical application of sinvastatina microemulsion (SIM, n=7) and a second group with wounds treated with saline 0.9 percent (SAL, n=7). A bacteriological exam of the wounds fluid for gram positive and gram negative bacteria, the tecidual expression of TNFá and IL-1â by imunohistochemical technique, and histological analysis by HE stain were performed. RESULTS: The expression of TNFa could be clearly demonstrated in lower degree in skin wounds treated with simvastatin (668.6 ± 74.7 ìm²) than in saline (2120.0 ± 327.1 ìm²). In comparison, wound tissue from SIM group displayed leukocyte infiltration significantly lower than that observed in SAL group (p<0.05). Culture results of the samples taken from wound fluid on fourth post treatment day revealed wound infection in only one rat of group simvastatin (SIM), where Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli and Enterobacter sp were isolated. In the rats whose wounds were treated with saline (SAL), polymicrobial infection with more than 100,000 CFU/g was detected in all the wounds. CONCLUSION: In addition to its antiinflammatory properties, the protective effects of simvastatin in infected open skin wounds is able to reduce infection and probably has antibacterial action. The potential to treat these wounds with statins to ameliorate inflammation and infection is promising.(AU)

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo avaliou o potencial da sinvastatina para atenuar a inflamação e a infecção em feridas abertas infectadas de pele de ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 14 ratos Wistar pesando 285±12g. O estudo foi realizado com um grupo de animais cujas feridas abertas infectadas foram tratadas com aplicação tópica de sinvastatina microemulsão (SIM, n=7) e um segundo grupo com feridas tratadas com solução salina 0,9 por cento (SAL n=7). Foi realizado exame bacteriológico do fluido das feridas para detecção de bactérias gram positivas e negativas, a expressão tecidual de TNFá e IL-1â por imunohistoquímica e análise histológica pela coloração H-E. RESULTADOS: A expressão do TNFa pode ser claramente demonstrada em menor grau nas feridas de pele tratadas com sinvastatina (668.6 ± 74.7 ìm²) do que no grupo salina (2120.0 ± 327.1 ìm²). Em comparação, os tecidos das feridas do grupo SIM mostrou infiltração leucocitária significantemente menor do que a observada no grupo SAL (p<0,05). O resultado das culturas realizadas no fluido das feridas no 4º dia de tratamento revelou infecção em apenas um rato do grupo sinvastatina (SIM), onde Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli e Enterobacter sp foram isolados. Nos ratos cujas feridas foram tratadas com solução salina (SAL), infecção polimicrobiana com mais de 100,000 UFC/g foi detectada em todas as feridas. CONCLUSÃO: Além de suas propriedades antiinflamatórias, o efeito protetor da sinvastatina em feridas abertas e infectadas de pele é capaz de reduzir a infecção e provavelmente tem ação antibacteriana. O potencial da droga para atenuar inflamação e infecção de feridas é promissor.(AU)

Effects of simvastatin in abdominal sepsis in rats / Efeitos da sinvastatina na sepse abdominal em ratos

PURPOSE: Statins are widely recognized as hypolipemic drugs, but some studies have observed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, known as pleiotropic. The aims of this work was to study possible anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in abdominal sepsis. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes count were determined in an experimental model of abdominal sepsis, using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. METHODS: Twenty eigth Wistar rats weighing 285±12g were randomly divided in: CLP/Sinvastatin rats (n=7), treated with 10 mg/Kg of oral simvastatin 18 and 2 hs berofe CLP; CLP/Saline group rats (n=7), treated with oral saline; group Sham/Simvastatin (n=7), treated with simvastatin, and group Sham/Saline (n=7), treated with saline. Serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 by ELISA and total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were determined 24 hs after CLP. ANOVA and Tukey test were used considering significant p<0.05. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were respectively 364,8±42pg/mL; 46,3±18pg/mL and 28,4±13pg/mL in CLP/Sinvastatin rats, significantly lower (p<0.05) than in group CLP/Saline (778,5±86pg/ml; 176,9±46pg/ml; 133,6±21 pg/ml, respectively). The same results were observed in total leukocytes and neutrophils counts. CONCLUSION: These results clearly demonstrate that simvastatin is an effective agent that reduces cytokines levels and leukocyte count in sepsis, independently of its well-known lipid-lowering effects. Thus, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors like simvastatin have important anti-inflammatory effects in abdominal sepsis in rats.(AU)

OBJETIVO: As estatinas são agentes reconhecidamente hipolipemiantes. Vários estudos têm revelado que eles têm ações pleiotrópicas, como antiinflamatória e imunomoduladora. Tentando-se entender o papel antiinflamatório da sinvastatina na sepse, foram analisados os níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e contagem de leucócitos em modelo de sepse abdominal por ligadura e punção do ceco (LPC) em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 28 ratos Wistar pesando 285±12g, assim divididos: grupo sepse (n=14), submetidos a LPC e grupo sham (n=14), submetidos a laparotomia e manipulação suave do ceco. No grupo LPC/sinvastatina (n=7) os ratos receberam 10mg/kg de sinvastatina via oral 18 e 2 horas antes da LPC e no grupo LPC/salina (n=7) os ratos receberam injeção oral de solução salina 0,9 por cento. Os animais dos grupos sham/sinvastatina (n=7) e sham/salina (n=7) receberam o mesmo tratamento. Dosagem de TNF-alfa, IL-1beta e IL-6 por ELISA e contagem de leucócitos totais, neutrófilos, linfócitos e eosinófilos foram realizadas em todos os animais. Análise estatística foi feita pelo ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com significância p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Ficou demonstrado que as dosagens de TNF-alfa, IL-1beta e IL-6 atingiram valores de 364,8±42pg/ml; 46,3±18pg/ml e 28,4±13pg/ml no grupo submetido à sepse e tratados com sinvastatina, significantemente mais baixos do que no grupo sepse não tratados (778,5±86pg/ml; 176,9±46pg/ml; 133,6±21 pg/ml, respectivamente). O mesmo ocorreu na contagem de leucócitos totais e neutrófilos. CONCLUSÃO: A sinvastatina mostrou ação anti-inflamatória em ratos Wistar, diminuiu níveis de citocinas e leucócitos, sugerindo uso potencial na prevenção ou atenuação dos efeitos da sepse abdominal.(AU)

True hermaphroditism in a Wistar rat

A rare case of true hermaphroditism was observed in a 9-week-old presumed female Wistar rat. This rat did not reveal any untoward clinical signs, food consumption, body weight gain and changes in haemato-biochemical parameters. Grossly, rat showed reduced size of the left ovary and shortened uterine horn. Microscopically, ovotestis was observed in the left ovarian tissue. Ovary consisted of numerous developing follicles at different stages of development with absence of corpora lutea. Developing testis contained seminiferous tubules lined with sertoli cells and sparse spermatogonial population. Left oviduct resembling developing epididymis consisting of tubules embedded in proliferating fibrous connective tissue, lined with multilayered ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Most of them were empty but, few had eosinophilic secretion and some of them contained exfoliated germ cells. Left uterine horn showed increased stromal connective tissue without proliferation of endometrial glands. A histopathological examination of left ovarian tissue implies a case of true hermaphroditism.

Study of corpus callosum in experimental hydrocephalic wistar rats

PURPOSE: Hydrocephalus causes countless cerebral damages, especially on the structures around the ventricles. Hydrocephalic children present deficiencies in the nonverbal skills more than in the verbal skills, and not always revertible with an early treatment. As the corpus callosum has an important role in the nonverbal acquisition it is possible that the injuries in this structure are responsible for the cognitive dysfunctions of these children. This present study tries to establish the alterations caused by hydrocephalus on the corpus callosum of developing Wistar rats, induced by intracisternal injection of kaolin. METHODS : Seven, fourteen and twenty one days after the injection, the animals were killed, and the corpus callosum was dissected and prepared for the study of the axonal fibers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The seven-day old rats in hydrocephalus development presented a delay in myelination in relation to the control rats. With the fourteen-day old rats in hydrocephalus development the corpus callosum showed a recovery of myelin, but with the twenty one-day old rats in hydrocephalus development the axonal fibers were damaged and reduced in number.

OBJETIVO: A hidrocefalia causa inúmeros danos cerebrais, especialmente nas estruturas ao redor dos ventrículos cerebrais. As crianças com hidrocefalia apresentam déficits nas aquisições não verbais mais do que nas verbais, nem sempre revertidos com o tratamento precoce. Como o corpo caloso tem um papel essencial nas aquisições não verbais, é provável que as lesões nesta estrutura estejam envolvidas com as disfunções cognitivas dessas crianças. Este trabalho procura estabelecer as alterações causadas pela hidrocefalia, induzida pela injeção de caulim intracisternal ao corpo caloso de ratos Wistar em desenvolvimento. MÉTODOS: Sete, 14 e 21 dias após a injeção, os animais foram sacrificados, sendo o corpo caloso dissecado e processado para estudo das fibras axonais. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Os ratos com 7 dias de evolução da hidrocefalia apresentaram um atraso na mielinização em relação aos controles. Em ratos com 14 dias de evolução da hidrocefalia, o corpo caloso mostrou recuperação da mielina, mas em ratos com hidrocefalia com 21 dias de evolução, as fibras apresentavam-se lesadas e reduzidas em número.

Study of corpus callosum in experimental hydrocephalic wistar rats

PURPOSE: Hydrocephalus causes countless cerebral damages, especially on the structures around the ventricles. Hydrocephalic children present deficiencies in the nonverbal skills more than in the verbal skills, and not always revertible with an early treatment. As the corpus callosum has an important role in the nonverbal acquisition it is possible that the injuries in this structure are responsible for the cognitive dysfunctions of these children. This present study tries to establish the alterations caused by hydrocephalus on the corpus callosum of developing Wistar rats, induced by intracisternal injection of kaolin. METHODS : Seven, fourteen and twenty one days after the injection, the animals were killed, and the corpus callosum was dissected and prepared for the study of the axonal fibers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The seven-day old rats in hydrocephalus development presented a delay in myelination in relation to the control rats. With the fourteen-day old rats in hydrocephalus development the corpus callosum showed a recovery of myelin, but with the twenty one-day old rats in hydrocephalus development the axonal fibers were damaged and reduced in number.

OBJETIVO: A hidrocefalia causa inúmeros danos cerebrais, especialmente nas estruturas ao redor dos ventrículos cerebrais. As crianças com hidrocefalia apresentam déficits nas aquisições não verbais mais do que nas verbais, nem sempre revertidos com o tratamento precoce. Como o corpo caloso tem um papel essencial nas aquisições não verbais, é provável que as lesões nesta estrutura estejam envolvidas com as disfunções cognitivas dessas crianças. Este trabalho procura estabelecer as alterações causadas pela hidrocefalia, induzida pela injeção de caulim intracisternal ao corpo caloso de ratos Wistar em desenvolvimento. MÉTODOS: Sete, 14 e 21 dias após a injeção, os animais foram sacrificados, sendo o corpo caloso dissecado e processado para estudo das fibras axonais. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Os ratos com 7 dias de evolução da hidrocefalia apresentaram um atraso na mielinização em relação aos controles. Em ratos com 14 dias de evolução da hidrocefalia, o corpo caloso mostrou recuperação da mielina, mas em ratos com hidrocefalia com 21 dias de evolução, as fibras apresentavam-se lesadas e reduzidas em número.