Enostose múltipla em equino puro sangue de corrida / Enostosis-like lesion in thoroughbred horse

Background: Enostosis like lesions are characterized by areas of intramedullary sclerosis affecting the long bones andtheir presence in any cases may be not associated with lameness. It has a migratory characteristic and, therefore there isthe occurrence of lameness at different sites from the initial lesion. Its etiology is speculative and has been attributed tointraosseous increased pressure, of Havers’ canals compression, stimulation of unmyelinated fibers and circulating plateletaggregates. Diagnosis is made through nuclear scintigraphy and associated with radiographic examination. This paperaims to report a clinical case on the use of scintigraphy for the reference diagnosis of enostosis-type injury and treatmentthrough surgical bone decompression.Case: A 2-year-old thoroughbred mare, weighing 483 kg, with a history of acute lameness of the left pelvic limb associatedwith the no previous signs of trauma and no noteworthy changes in radiographic and ultrasound images, was referred to theHorse Center Veterinary Clinic. In the examination of the locomotor system, the animal presented a 2/5 degree lamenessin a straight line, with accentuated exacerbation of the same after flexion of the left femoro-tibio-patellar joint. In addition,presented a reduction in the caudal phase of the stride and croup asymmetry associated with mild myopenia. The findingsof the scintigraphic exam characterized by intense focal area of hyperconcentration of medullary radiopharmaceutical inthe proximal third of the right third metatarsal, and multiple areas of hyperconcentration in the aspect proximal to thedistal third of the left tibia. In the radiographic images, multifocal radiopaque regions that coincided with the areas ofradiopharmaceutical hyperconcentration were observed. The initial treatment was based on rest, use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and acetylsalicylic acid. In the 60 days...

Osteossarcoma pélvico metastático em cão / Metastatic pelvic osteosarcoma in a dog

Background: Osteosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of bone tissue, with a high prevalence in dogs, especially in large and giant breeds. More commonly, such alterations affect the appendicular skeleton and, to a lesser extent, the axial skeleton. In order to obtain an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to combine cytological and histopathological findings with clinical parameters, imaging exams and macroscopic findings. In the present study, we report a rare case of combined-type pelvic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis in a dog. Case: A 5-year-old intact large male dog of mixed breed, was submitted to clinical care because of an increase in volume of the left perineal region. The cytological evaluation, performed without imaging exams, indicated that it was an undifferentiated sarcoma. An incisional biopsy defined the diagnosis as telangiectatic osteosarcoma, and with progressive clinical worsening, the patient died. Necroscopic examination revealed multiple nodules in the lungs and an irregular mass with a hard to friable consistency. The mass was intensely vascularised and extended craniodorsally from the left ischial tuberosity to the base of the renal fossa. Microscopically, the neoplasm was diagnosed as combined osteosarcoma, consisting of the osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and telangiectatic subtypes. Metastases with a predominance of the chondroblastic subtype were observed in the lungs. Discussion: This is the first report of combined-type canine osteosarcoma in the ischium. The case reported here is unusual, as there are few reports of canine osteosarcoma in the pelvic bones, and there is no concrete information regarding its histological appearance. Osteosarcoma is the most common bone neoplasm in dogs, representing up to 80% of the tumours found in such organs. In the present case, the dog was a large young adult with a higher probability of neoplasm development. A cytopathological examination is a diagnostic method with good sensitivity and specificity that can confirm osteosarcomas. However, in this case, the cytological diagnosis, performed without the information from the imaging exam, indicated that it was an undifferentiated sarcoma, given the impossibility of the architectural assessment of the lesion. Biopsy samples sent for histology may not be representative of the entire tumour, leading to misclassification of the histological type. Therefore, the evaluation of fragments from various sites of the lesions is recommended. Regarding the morphology of osteosarcomas, such neoplasms have the osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, telangiectatic, large cell, and poorly differentiated subtypes. With regard to tumours located in the axial skeleton, no studies have assessed the predominance of a particular morphological type, as well as the incidence of combined-type masses in dogs in this particular location. Such neoplasms are locally aggressive and have a high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the main location for implantation of neoplastic cells. There is no proven evidence of the correlation between morphological presentations and the presence of metastases from osteosarcomas in dogs. The histological type is not a predictive factor for the behaviour of the neoplasm. However, the anatomical location is considered as one of the factors with the greatest influence on the prognosis and metastatic potential. Rib masses are associated with a higher rate of metastases compared to others. The definitive diagnosis of osteosarcomas and its correct subclassification are of great importance in the prognosis of affected patients. These require an approach that considers the clinical findings, imaging examinations, and macroscopic and microscopic alterations.

Placa bloqueada em fratura tibiotársica de coruja suindara (Tyto furcata): relato de caso / Locking plate in tibiotarsal fracture in a suindara owl: case report

Foi atendida, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Cuiabá, uma coruja suindara (Tyto furcata), resgatada pela Polícia Militar Ambiental, sem histórico, adulta e 400 gramas de peso corporal. A ave apresentava impotência funcional do membro pélvico direito, além de desvio, crepitação e dor na região proximal tibiotársica direita, sem lesão cutânea. Estudo radiográfico revelou fratura diafisária oblíqua curta em tibiotarso direito. A estabilização da fratura foi realizada com placa bloqueada do sistema de 1,5mm, na função de apoio, seis orifícios, com três parafusos monocorticais distais, dois parafusos monocorticais proximais e um parafuso bicortical proximal. Ao 30º dia do pós-operatório, os achados radiográficos de consolidação óssea e o retorno da função do membro permitiram a alta médica. Concluiu-se que o uso de placa bloqueada em função apoio para estabilização de fraturas tibiotársicas simples de coruja suindara oferece resultados satisfatórios.(AU)

An adult suindara owl (Tyto furcata), with no specific history and 400 grams of body weight was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Cuiabá. The patient presented functional impotence in the right pelvic limb, deviation, crepitation and pain in the proximal region in right tibiotarsal, without cutaneous lesions. Radiographs revealed a short oblique diaphyseal fracture at the right tibiotarsus. Fracture stabilization was performed with a 1.5mm locking plate, buttress, six holes; three distal monocortical screws, two proximal monocortical screws and a proximal bicortical screw. On the 30th postoperative day, radiographic revealed bone healing, and the return of limb function allowed medical discharge. It was concluded that the use of locking plates in buttress function to stabilize simple tibiotarsus fractures in suindara owl offers satisfactory results.(AU)

Placa bloqueada em fratura tibiotársica de coruja suindara (Tyto furcata): relato de caso / Locking plate in tibiotarsal fracture in a suindara owl: case report

Foi atendida, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Cuiabá, uma coruja suindara (Tyto furcata), resgatada pela Polícia Militar Ambiental, sem histórico, adulta e 400 gramas de peso corporal. A ave apresentava impotência funcional do membro pélvico direito, além de desvio, crepitação e dor na região proximal tibiotársica direita, sem lesão cutânea. Estudo radiográfico revelou fratura diafisária oblíqua curta em tibiotarso direito. A estabilização da fratura foi realizada com placa bloqueada do sistema de 1,5mm, na função de apoio, seis orifícios, com três parafusos monocorticais distais, dois parafusos monocorticais proximais e um parafuso bicortical proximal. Ao 30º dia do pós-operatório, os achados radiográficos de consolidação óssea e o retorno da função do membro permitiram a alta médica. Concluiu-se que o uso de placa bloqueada em função apoio para estabilização de fraturas tibiotársicas simples de coruja suindara oferece resultados satisfatórios.(AU)

An adult suindara owl (Tyto furcata), with no specific history and 400 grams of body weight was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Cuiabá. The patient presented functional impotence in the right pelvic limb, deviation, crepitation and pain in the proximal region in right tibiotarsal, without cutaneous lesions. Radiographs revealed a short oblique diaphyseal fracture at the right tibiotarsus. Fracture stabilization was performed with a 1.5mm locking plate, buttress, six holes; three distal monocortical screws, two proximal monocortical screws and a proximal bicortical screw. On the 30th postoperative day, radiographic revealed bone healing, and the return of limb function allowed medical discharge. It was concluded that the use of locking plates in buttress function to stabilize simple tibiotarsus fractures in suindara owl offers satisfactory results.(AU)

Considerations on avian fractures / Considerações sobre fraturas em aves / Consideraciones sobre fracturas en aves

La presente revisión tuvo por objetivos describir aspectos relacionados a las fracturas en aves, algunos métodos de inmovilización y las complicaciones de las fracturas. Aunque los principios de reparación de las fracturas en las aves son similares a los de los pequeños animales, existen diferencias que deben considerarse en el momento de la aplicación del método de inmovilización. Las fracturas en aves pueden ser inmovilizadas por medio de la coaptación externa (tallos y vendajes), fijación interna (Clavos, hilos de cerclaje, placas óseas) y fijación externa, entre otros, cada uno con sus ventajas y desventajas. La severidad de la fractura interfiere en la tasa y el curso de la consolidación; sin embargo, la estabilidad clínica puede preceder a la evidencia radiográfica, que es visibilizada entre tercera y sexta semana. Las fracturas en aves tienden a ser expuestas y conminutas, debido a la insuficiente cobertura de tejidos blandos. Cuando están expuestas, las fracturas presentan un alto riesgo de osteomielitis y, consecuentemente, pueden desarrollar unión atrasada o no-unión.

This review aimed to describe aspects of bird fractures, some immobilization techniques and the complications of fractures. Although the principles of fracture repair in birds are similar to those of small animals, there are differences that should be considered during the application of the immobilization method. Fractures in birds can be immobilized by external coaptation (splints and bandages), internal fixation (pins, cerclage wires, bone plates) and external fixation, among others, each one with its own advantages and disadvantages. The severity of the fracture interferes in the rate and course of bone healing; however, clinical stability may precede radiographic evidence, which is visible in 3-6 weeks. Avian fractures tend to be open and comminuted, because of the scarce cover of soft tissues. Open fractures have high risk of developing osteomyelitis and, consequently, may develop delayed union or non-union.

A presente revisão teve por objetivos descrever aspectos das fraturas em aves, alguns métodos de imobilização e as complicações das fraturas. Embora os princípios de reparo da fratura em aves seja similar aos de pequenos animais, existem diferenças que precisam ser consideradas no momento da aplicação do método de imobilização. As fraturas em aves podem ser imobilizadas por meio da coaptação externa (talas e bandagens), fixação interna (pinos, fios de cerclagem, placas ósseas) e fixação externa, entre outros, cada qual com suas vantagens e desvantagens. A severidade da fratura interfere na taxa e curso da consolidação; contudo, a estabilidade clínica pode preceder a evidência radiográfica, que é visibilizada entre 3 e 6 semanas. As fraturas em aves tendem a ser expostas e cominutivas, em virtude da insuficiente cobertura de tecidos moles. Quando expostas, as fraturas apresentam alto risco de osteomielite e, consequentemente, podem desenvolver união atrasada ou não-união.

Considerations on avian fractures / Considerações sobre fraturas em aves / Consideraciones sobre fracturas en aves

La presente revisión tuvo por objetivos describir aspectos relacionados a las fracturas en aves, algunos métodos de inmovilización y las complicaciones de las fracturas. Aunque los principios de reparación de las fracturas en las aves son similares a los de los pequeños animales, existen diferencias que deben considerarse en el momento de la aplicación del método de inmovilización. Las fracturas en aves pueden ser inmovilizadas por medio de la coaptación externa (tallos y vendajes), fijación interna (Clavos, hilos de cerclaje, placas óseas) y fijación externa, entre otros, cada uno con sus ventajas y desventajas. La severidad de la fractura interfiere en la tasa y el curso de la consolidación; sin embargo, la estabilidad clínica puede preceder a la evidencia radiográfica, que es visibilizada entre tercera y sexta semana. Las fracturas en aves tienden a ser expuestas y conminutas, debido a la insuficiente cobertura de tejidos blandos. Cuando están expuestas, las fracturas presentan un alto riesgo de osteomielitis y, consecuentemente, pueden desarrollar unión atrasada o no-unión.(AU)

This review aimed to describe aspects of bird fractures, some immobilization techniques and the complications of fractures. Although the principles of fracture repair in birds are similar to those of small animals, there are differences that should be considered during the application of the immobilization method. Fractures in birds can be immobilized by external coaptation (splints and bandages), internal fixation (pins, cerclage wires, bone plates) and external fixation, among others, each one with its own advantages and disadvantages. The severity of the fracture interferes in the rate and course of bone healing; however, clinical stability may precede radiographic evidence, which is visible in 3-6 weeks. Avian fractures tend to be open and comminuted, because of the scarce cover of soft tissues. Open fractures have high risk of developing osteomyelitis and, consequently, may develop delayed union or non-union.(AU)

A presente revisão teve por objetivos descrever aspectos das fraturas em aves, alguns métodos de imobilização e as complicações das fraturas. Embora os princípios de reparo da fratura em aves seja similar aos de pequenos animais, existem diferenças que precisam ser consideradas no momento da aplicação do método de imobilização. As fraturas em aves podem ser imobilizadas por meio da coaptação externa (talas e bandagens), fixação interna (pinos, fios de cerclagem, placas ósseas) e fixação externa, entre outros, cada qual com suas vantagens e desvantagens. A severidade da fratura interfere na taxa e curso da consolidação; contudo, a estabilidade clínica pode preceder a evidência radiográfica, que é visibilizada entre 3 e 6 semanas. As fraturas em aves tendem a ser expostas e cominutivas, em virtude da insuficiente cobertura de tecidos moles. Quando expostas, as fraturas apresentam alto risco de osteomielite e, consequentemente, podem desenvolver união atrasada ou não-união.(AU)

Diâmetro biparietal fetal por ultrassonografia como ferramenta para estimar a idade gestacional em cadelas da raça buldogue francês / Fetal biparietal diameter by ultrassonography as a tool for estimating gestational age in bitches of the French Bulldog race

O acompanhamento gestacional por ultrassonografia permite avaliar o desenvolvimento do concepto e estimar a idade gestacional (IG). No entanto, a fórmula de Nyland e Mattoon para cálculo da IG foi desenvolvida no Beagle. Cães braquicefálicos como o Buldogue Francês apresentam maior predisposição à distocia, o que torna ainda mais importante a correta estimativa da IG. Objetivou-se avaliar a fórmula de Nyland e Mattoon para datar a IG em Buldogue Francês. Cinco cadelas foram submetidas à ultrassonografia abdominal aos 55 dias pós-inseminação. Foi mensurado o diâmetro biparietal (DBP) fetal e aplicado na fórmula. Os resultados foram expressos na forma de média e erro padrão. O DBP foi de 2,14±0,02 e a IG correspondeu a 52 dias. A fórmula não tem confiabilidade para estimar a IG nesta raça.

The ultrasound gestational follow-up allows the evaluation of the development of the concept and the estimation of gestational age (GI). However, the Nyland and Mattoon formula for calculating the GI was developed in the Beagle. Brachycephalic dogs such as the French Bulldog have a greater predisposition to dystocia, which makes the correct estimation of GI even more important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Nyland and Mattoon formula for dating GI in French Bulldog. Five bitches were submitted to abdominal ultrasound at 55 days post-insemination. The fetal biparietal diameter (DBP) was measured and applied in the formula. The results were expressed as mean and standard error. DBP was 2.14±0.02 and IG corresponded to 52 days. The formula has no reliability to estimate GI in this breed.

Diâmetro biparietal fetal por ultrassonografia como ferramenta para estimar a idade gestacional em cadelas da raça buldogue francês / Fetal biparietal diameter by ultrassonography as a tool for estimating gestational age in bitches of the French Bulldog race

O acompanhamento gestacional por ultrassonografia permite avaliar o desenvolvimento do concepto e estimar a idade gestacional (IG). No entanto, a fórmula de Nyland e Mattoon para cálculo da IG foi desenvolvida no Beagle. Cães braquicefálicos como o Buldogue Francês apresentam maior predisposição à distocia, o que torna ainda mais importante a correta estimativa da IG. Objetivou-se avaliar a fórmula de Nyland e Mattoon para datar a IG em Buldogue Francês. Cinco cadelas foram submetidas à ultrassonografia abdominal aos 55 dias pós-inseminação. Foi mensurado o diâmetro biparietal (DBP) fetal e aplicado na fórmula. Os resultados foram expressos na forma de média e erro padrão. O DBP foi de 2,14±0,02 e a IG correspondeu a 52 dias. A fórmula não tem confiabilidade para estimar a IG nesta raça.(AU)

The ultrasound gestational follow-up allows the evaluation of the development of the concept and the estimation of gestational age (GI). However, the Nyland and Mattoon formula for calculating the GI was developed in the Beagle. Brachycephalic dogs such as the French Bulldog have a greater predisposition to dystocia, which makes the correct estimation of GI even more important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Nyland and Mattoon formula for dating GI in French Bulldog. Five bitches were submitted to abdominal ultrasound at 55 days post-insemination. The fetal biparietal diameter (DBP) was measured and applied in the formula. The results were expressed as mean and standard error. DBP was 2.14±0.02 and IG corresponded to 52 days. The formula has no reliability to estimate GI in this breed.(AU)

Comparison of subcutaneous inflammatory response to commercial and engineered zinc hydroxyapatite implants in rabbits / Comparação da resposta inflamatória subcutânea aos implantes de hidroxiapatita comercial e modificada com zinco em coelhos

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as a biomaterial for bone repair and metallic prostheses coating. The main limitations of the current commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite compounds include high cost and decreased availability, especially for veterinary medicine purposes. Additionally, it is thought that HA biocompatibility and bioactivity could be enhanced by the addition of metal compounds. The objective of this work was to compare the subcutaneous tissue response of commercial and engineered hydroxyapatite obtained from the bovine femur diaphysis mixed with different concentrations of hexa-hydrated Zinc Nitrate in rabbits. Twenty-Five New Zealand female rabbits were used. Five treatments were done according to HA composition (commercial HA, no Zn-HA, 0.1M Zn, 0.2M Zn, and 0.3M Zn). Each treatment was evaluated at five time-points (8, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days post-implantation). Histopathologic analysis was performed to assess inflammation by polymorphonuclear cells infiltration, neovascularization, and fibrosis. Results obtained in this work suggest that general inflammation decreased after 60 days of implantation regardless of Zn concentration. Fibrosis score was increased in the commercial HP compared to control and Zn-hydrated HA. This paper shows that bovine hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible material regardless of nitrate Zinc concentration and has the same properties of commercial hydroxyapatite.(AU)

A hidroxiapatita (HA) é amplamente utilizada como biomaterial para reparo ósseo e revestimento de próteses metálicas. As principais limitações dos atuais compostos comerciais de hidroxiapatita sintética incluem alto custo e menor disponibilidade, especialmente para fins de medicina veterinária. Além disso, acredita-se que a biocompatibilidade e a bioatividade da HA poderiam ser aumentadas pela adição de compostos metálicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a resposta tecidual subcutânea de hidroxiapatita comercial e da obtida da diáfise do fêmur bovino misturada com diferentes concentrações de nitrato de zinco hexa-hidratado em coelhos. Foram utilizadas 25 coelhas fêmeas Nova Zelândia. Cinco tratamentos foram feitos de acordo com os compostos de HA (HA comercial, no Zn-HA, 0,1M Zn, 0,2M Zn e 0,3M Zn). Cada tratamento foi avaliado em cinco momentos (oito, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a implantação). A análise histopatológica foi realizada para avaliar a inflamação por infiltração de células polimorfonucleares, neovascularização e fibrose. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que a inflamação geral diminuiu após 60 dias de implantação, independentemente da concentração de Zn. O escore de fibrose foi aumentado na HA comercial comparada com o controle e com a HA hidratada com Zn. Este trabalho mostra que a hidroxiapatita bovina é um material biocompatível independentemente da concentração de nitrato de zinco e possui as mesmas propriedades da hidroxiapatita comercial.(AU)

Comparison of subcutaneous inflammatory response to commercial and engineered zinc hydroxyapatite implants in rabbits / Comparação da resposta inflamatória subcutânea aos implantes de hidroxiapatita comercial e modificada com zinco em coelhos

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as a biomaterial for bone repair and metallic prostheses coating. The main limitations of the current commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite compounds include high cost and decreased availability, especially for veterinary medicine purposes. Additionally, it is thought that HA biocompatibility and bioactivity could be enhanced by the addition of metal compounds. The objective of this work was to compare the subcutaneous tissue response of commercial and engineered hydroxyapatite obtained from the bovine femur diaphysis mixed with different concentrations of hexa-hydrated Zinc Nitrate in rabbits. Twenty-Five New Zealand female rabbits were used. Five treatments were done according to HA composition (commercial HA, no Zn-HA, 0.1M Zn, 0.2M Zn, and 0.3M Zn). Each treatment was evaluated at five time-points (8, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days post-implantation). Histopathologic analysis was performed to assess inflammation by polymorphonuclear cells infiltration, neovascularization, and fibrosis. Results obtained in this work suggest that general inflammation decreased after 60 days of implantation regardless of Zn concentration. Fibrosis score was increased in the commercial HP compared to control and Zn-hydrated HA. This paper shows that bovine hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible material regardless of nitrate Zinc concentration and has the same properties of commercial hydroxyapatite.(AU)

A hidroxiapatita (HA) é amplamente utilizada como biomaterial para reparo ósseo e revestimento de próteses metálicas. As principais limitações dos atuais compostos comerciais de hidroxiapatita sintética incluem alto custo e menor disponibilidade, especialmente para fins de medicina veterinária. Além disso, acredita-se que a biocompatibilidade e a bioatividade da HA poderiam ser aumentadas pela adição de compostos metálicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a resposta tecidual subcutânea de hidroxiapatita comercial e da obtida da diáfise do fêmur bovino misturada com diferentes concentrações de nitrato de zinco hexa-hidratado em coelhos. Foram utilizadas 25 coelhas fêmeas Nova Zelândia. Cinco tratamentos foram feitos de acordo com os compostos de HA (HA comercial, no Zn-HA, 0,1M Zn, 0,2M Zn e 0,3M Zn). Cada tratamento foi avaliado em cinco momentos (oito, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a implantação). A análise histopatológica foi realizada para avaliar a inflamação por infiltração de células polimorfonucleares, neovascularização e fibrose. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que a inflamação geral diminuiu após 60 dias de implantação, independentemente da concentração de Zn. O escore de fibrose foi aumentado na HA comercial comparada com o controle e com a HA hidratada com Zn. Este trabalho mostra que a hidroxiapatita bovina é um material biocompatível independentemente da concentração de nitrato de zinco e possui as mesmas propriedades da hidroxiapatita comercial.(AU)

Método de dissecação da sexta vértebra lombar do rato Winstar / Method of dissection of the sixth vertebra lumbar winstar mouse

A dissecação tem importância fundamental no aprendizado da Anatomia Topográfica, na capacitação das habilidades, no desenvolvimento de várias condutas clínicas e no campo da pesquisa experimental. A dissecção na área da anatomia é o ato de explorar, através de cortes ou extração, para possibilitar a visualização anatômica dos órgãos e regiões que existem em seres animais e assim possibilitar o seu estudo. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento e a descrição da técnica de retirada da sexta vértebra lombar. Essa prática poderá aumentar as habilidades de dissecção dos alunos envolvidos, bem como, produzir material ilustrativo em arquivo para ilustração de trabalhos científicos e a realização de medidas especificas trazidas dos conceitos antropométricos relacionados nas vértebras. Todos os princípios éticos sobre experimentação e manipulação animal foram respeitados pelas regras do Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais, da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), sob o protocolo nº 1122178 de 05/10/2017. Foram utilizados 2 ratos machos albinos da linhagem Wistar, com aproximadamente 60 dias de vida e peso médio de 250g±50g, provenientes do centro de climatização da UECE. Os animais eram mantidos em ciclo claro/escuro (12h/12h), em ambiente com temperatura controlada entre 22 a 25 °C, e com ração e água ad libitum. Como observado na descrição da nossa metodologia de dissecação, todo o tecido ósseo da vertebra L6 pode ser explorado, bem como, a suposição de análises comparativas quanto as propriedades físicas aplicadas à coluna vertebral, durante exercícios físicos ou processos degenerativos. Com essa técnica de retirada da sexta vertebra lombar do rato, conseguimos viabilizar o uso das vertebras na pesquisa experimental. Assim foram realizadas algumas medidas morfometrias como: distância entre os processos transversos, distância entre o corpo vertebral e o processo espinhoso, largura do corpo vertebral, altura do...(AU)

Dissection is of fundamental importance in the learning of Topographic Anatomy and in the training of the skills and development of several clinical conducts and in the field of experimental research. Dissection in the area of the anatomy is the act of exploring, through cuts or extraction, to allow the anatomical visualization of the organs and regions that exist in animal beings and thus enable their study. To demonstrate the technique of removal of the sixth lumbar vertebra, as well as to increase the dissecting abilities of the students involved, to produce illustrative material in an archive for illustration of scientific work and to carry out specific measures brought about by the anthropometric concepts related to the vertebrae. All the ethical principles on animal experimentation and manipulation were respected by the rules of the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará (UECE) under protocol # 1122178 of 10/5/2017. Two Wistar male albino rats with approximately 60 days of life and average weight of 250g±50g were used from the UECE air conditioning center. The animals were kept in a light / dark cycle (12h / 12h), in a temperature controlled environment between 22 to 25 °C, and with feed and water ad libitum. With this technique of removal of the sixth lumbar vertebra of the rat, we were able to make vertebrae viable in the experimental research. Thus, we perform some average morphometries such as: Distance between the transverse processes, distance between the vertebral body and the spinal process, vertebral body width, vertebral body height, vertebral disc area (mm). As observed in the description of our the entire bone tissue of the L6 vertebra can be explored, as well as the assumption of comparative analyzes of physical properties applied to the spine during physical exercises or degenerative processes.(AU)

Método de dissecação da sexta vértebra lombar do rato Winstar / Method of dissection of the sixth vertebra lumbar winstar mouse

A dissecação tem importância fundamental no aprendizado da Anatomia Topográfica, na capacitação das habilidades, no desenvolvimento de várias condutas clínicas e no campo da pesquisa experimental. A dissecção na área da anatomia é o ato de explorar, através de cortes ou extração, para possibilitar a visualização anatômica dos órgãos e regiões que existem em seres animais e assim possibilitar o seu estudo. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento e a descrição da técnica de retirada da sexta vértebra lombar. Essa prática poderá aumentar as habilidades de dissecção dos alunos envolvidos, bem como, produzir material ilustrativo em arquivo para ilustração de trabalhos científicos e a realização de medidas especificas trazidas dos conceitos antropométricos relacionados nas vértebras. Todos os princípios éticos sobre experimentação e manipulação animal foram respeitados pelas regras do Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais, da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), sob o protocolo nº 1122178 de 05/10/2017. Foram utilizados 2 ratos machos albinos da linhagem Wistar, com aproximadamente 60 dias de vida e peso médio de 250g±50g, provenientes do centro de climatização da UECE. Os animais eram mantidos em ciclo claro/escuro (12h/12h), em ambiente com temperatura controlada entre 22 a 25 °C, e com ração e água ad libitum. Como observado na descrição da nossa metodologia de dissecação, todo o tecido ósseo da vertebra L6 pode ser explorado, bem como, a suposição de análises comparativas quanto as propriedades físicas aplicadas à coluna vertebral, durante exercícios físicos ou processos degenerativos. Com essa técnica de retirada da sexta vertebra lombar do rato, conseguimos viabilizar o uso das vertebras na pesquisa experimental. Assim foram realizadas algumas medidas morfometrias como: distância entre os processos transversos, distância entre o corpo vertebral e o processo espinhoso, largura do corpo vertebral, altura do...

Dissection is of fundamental importance in the learning of Topographic Anatomy and in the training of the skills and development of several clinical conducts and in the field of experimental research. Dissection in the area of the anatomy is the act of exploring, through cuts or extraction, to allow the anatomical visualization of the organs and regions that exist in animal beings and thus enable their study. To demonstrate the technique of removal of the sixth lumbar vertebra, as well as to increase the dissecting abilities of the students involved, to produce illustrative material in an archive for illustration of scientific work and to carry out specific measures brought about by the anthropometric concepts related to the vertebrae. All the ethical principles on animal experimentation and manipulation were respected by the rules of the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará (UECE) under protocol # 1122178 of 10/5/2017. Two Wistar male albino rats with approximately 60 days of life and average weight of 250g±50g were used from the UECE air conditioning center. The animals were kept in a light / dark cycle (12h / 12h), in a temperature controlled environment between 22 to 25 °C, and with feed and water ad libitum. With this technique of removal of the sixth lumbar vertebra of the rat, we were able to make vertebrae viable in the experimental research. Thus, we perform some average morphometries such as: Distance between the transverse processes, distance between the vertebral body and the spinal process, vertebral body width, vertebral body height, vertebral disc area (mm). As observed in the description of our the entire bone tissue of the L6 vertebra can be explored, as well as the assumption of comparative analyzes of physical properties applied to the spine during physical exercises or degenerative processes.

Osteossarcoma axial intratorácico / Osteosarcoma axial intrathoracic

Background: Bone tumors have a challenging diagnosis and treatment. Osteosarcoma is the name given to a heterogeneous group of malignant, agressive and invasive tumors that often determine bone lysis. Almost all of the animals develop lung metastases, progressing to death. Usually affect the appendicular skeleton, but can also occurs in others areas, although these presentations are rare. Prognosis is always poor. The aim of this paper is to report a case of a dog with osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the sternum, which was diagnosed by computed tomography and histopathologic analysis after excisional biopsy.Case: A male Cocker Spaniel dog, weighing 25 kg, elderly, was examined at the Veterinary Hospital. As main complaint was reported soft swelling on the ventral cervical region causing dyspnea. The patient had previously been medicated with dexamethasone with a significant decrease in the swelling, however recurrence was observed with the cessation of the treatment. Due to the presence of heart murmur, patient underwent to chest radiography and eletrocardiography. Images showed a tumor in the sternal lymph node region, displacing the heart caudally, trachea and esophagus dorsally, causing cranial edema due to a compression of the venous return by the cranial vena cava and subsequent dyspnea. Furosemide (Lasix®) was administered during ambulatorial treatment and prescribed to home, with satisfactory results, with decreased edema and consequent improvement of respiratory symptoms. It was decided to perform computed tomography to better design of the chest structure. The structure located in cranial thoracic region measured about 10.5 cm long x 5.8 cm high x 8.4 cm wide. The patient was undergone to sternotomy to remove the mass that was closely adhered to the sternum and pericardium. The pericardectomy and sternum removal were not performed due to animal being old and present metabolic and cardiopulmonary conditions.[...]

Osteossarcoma axial intratorácico / Osteosarcoma axial intrathoracic

Background: Bone tumors have a challenging diagnosis and treatment. Osteosarcoma is the name given to a heterogeneous group of malignant, agressive and invasive tumors that often determine bone lysis. Almost all of the animals develop lung metastases, progressing to death. Usually affect the appendicular skeleton, but can also occurs in others areas, although these presentations are rare. Prognosis is always poor. The aim of this paper is to report a case of a dog with osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the sternum, which was diagnosed by computed tomography and histopathologic analysis after excisional biopsy.Case: A male Cocker Spaniel dog, weighing 25 kg, elderly, was examined at the Veterinary Hospital. As main complaint was reported soft swelling on the ventral cervical region causing dyspnea. The patient had previously been medicated with dexamethasone with a significant decrease in the swelling, however recurrence was observed with the cessation of the treatment. Due to the presence of heart murmur, patient underwent to chest radiography and eletrocardiography. Images showed a tumor in the sternal lymph node region, displacing the heart caudally, trachea and esophagus dorsally, causing cranial edema due to a compression of the venous return by the cranial vena cava and subsequent dyspnea. Furosemide (Lasix®) was administered during ambulatorial treatment and prescribed to home, with satisfactory results, with decreased edema and consequent improvement of respiratory symptoms. It was decided to perform computed tomography to better design of the chest structure. The structure located in cranial thoracic region measured about 10.5 cm long x 5.8 cm high x 8.4 cm wide. The patient was undergone to sternotomy to remove the mass that was closely adhered to the sternum and pericardium. The pericardectomy and sternum removal were not performed due to animal being old and present metabolic and cardiopulmonary conditions.[...](AU)

Osteossíntese de rádio e ulna em Gavião Caboclo (Buteogallus meridionalis) / Radius and ulna osteosynthesis in a Savanna Hawk (Buteogallus meridionalis)

Foi atendido um Gavião Caboclo (Buteogallus meridionalis), de vida livre e histórico desconhecido. O paciente apresentava impotência funcional da asa direita e solução de continuidade de aspecto recente envolvendo a região de rádio e ulna direitos caracterizando fratura aberta grau II. Os achados radiológicos foram fratura completa cominutiva de diáfise média de ulna e fratura completa tranversa de diáfise média de rádio. A estabilização da fratura de rádio foi realizada com miniplaca de 1,5mm de 6 orifícios, com 2 parafusos proximais e 2 parafusos distais e, osteossíntese de ulna com placa bloqueada de 2,0mm de 12 orifícios, com 3 parafusos proximais e 2 parafusos distais. Aos 180 dias de pós-operatório, os implantes ortopédicos foram removidos e o paciente recebeu alta. Conclui-se que o emprego de placa bloqueada para tratamento de fraturas abertas em ulna de Gavião Caboclo, pode propiciar adequada consolidação e retorno à função do membro sendo capaz de voar.(AU)

A wild Savanna Hawk (Buteogallus meridionalis) of unknown history, was seen at the veterinary hospital. The patient presented with a dropped right wing and soft tissue damage that appeared to be a recent wound involving the right radius and ulna region, characterizing an open fracture grade II. The radiological findings were a comminuted complete fracture of the ulnar diaphysis and complete transverse fracture of the radial diaphysis. Stabilization of the radius fracture was performed with a 1.5mm miniplate with 6 holes, with 2 proximal screws and 2 distal screws, and ulna osteosynthesis with a 2.0mm locking plate with 12 holes, with 3 proximal screws and 2 distal screws. At 180 postoperative days, the implants were removed and the patient was discharged. The use of locking plate for the treatment of open fractures in ulna of Savanna Hawks may provide adequate healing and return to limb function being able to fly.(AU)

Osteossíntese de rádio e ulna em Gavião Caboclo (Buteogallus meridionalis) / Radius and ulna osteosynthesis in a Savanna Hawk (Buteogallus meridionalis)

Foi atendido um Gavião Caboclo (Buteogallus meridionalis), de vida livre e histórico desconhecido. O paciente apresentava impotência funcional da asa direita e solução de continuidade de aspecto recente envolvendo a região de rádio e ulna direitos caracterizando fratura aberta grau II. Os achados radiológicos foram fratura completa cominutiva de diáfise média de ulna e fratura completa tranversa de diáfise média de rádio. A estabilização da fratura de rádio foi realizada com miniplaca de 1,5mm de 6 orifícios, com 2 parafusos proximais e 2 parafusos distais e, osteossíntese de ulna com placa bloqueada de 2,0mm de 12 orifícios, com 3 parafusos proximais e 2 parafusos distais. Aos 180 dias de pós-operatório, os implantes ortopédicos foram removidos e o paciente recebeu alta. Conclui-se que o emprego de placa bloqueada para tratamento de fraturas abertas em ulna de Gavião Caboclo, pode propiciar adequada consolidação e retorno à função do membro sendo capaz de voar.(AU)

A wild Savanna Hawk (Buteogallus meridionalis) of unknown history, was seen at the veterinary hospital. The patient presented with a dropped right wing and soft tissue damage that appeared to be a recent wound involving the right radius and ulna region, characterizing an open fracture grade II. The radiological findings were a comminuted complete fracture of the ulnar diaphysis and complete transverse fracture of the radial diaphysis. Stabilization of the radius fracture was performed with a 1.5mm miniplate with 6 holes, with 2 proximal screws and 2 distal screws, and ulna osteosynthesis with a 2.0mm locking plate with 12 holes, with 3 proximal screws and 2 distal screws. At 180 postoperative days, the implants were removed and the patient was discharged. The use of locking plate for the treatment of open fractures in ulna of Savanna Hawks may provide adequate healing and return to limb function being able to fly.(AU)

Osteossíntese de rádio e ulna em Gavião Caboclo (Buteogallus meridionalis)

ABSTRACT: A wild Savanna Hawk (Buteogallus meridionalis) of unknown history, was seen at the veterinary hospital. The patient presented with a dropped right wing and soft tissue damage that appeared to be a recent wound involving the right radius and ulna region, characterizing an open fracture grade II. The radiological findings were a comminuted complete fracture of the ulnar diaphysis and complete transverse fracture of the radial diaphysis. Stabilization of the radius fracture was performed with a 1.5mm miniplate with 6 holes, with 2 proximal screws and 2 distal screws, and ulna osteosynthesis with a 2.0mm locking plate with 12 holes, with 3 proximal screws and 2 distal screws. At 180 postoperative days, the implants were removed and the patient was discharged. The use of locking plate for the treatment of open fractures in ulna of Savanna Hawks may provide adequate healing and return to limb function being able to fly.

RESUMO: Foi atendido um Gavião Caboclo (Buteogallus meridionalis), de vida livre e histórico desconhecido. O paciente apresentava impotência funcional da asa direita e solução de continuidade de aspecto recente envolvendo a região de rádio e ulna direitos caracterizando fratura aberta grau II. Os achados radiológicos foram fratura completa cominutiva de diáfise média de ulna e fratura completa tranversa de diáfise média de rádio. A estabilização da fratura de rádio foi realizada com miniplaca de 1,5mm de 6 orifícios, com 2 parafusos proximais e 2 parafusos distais e, osteossíntese de ulna com placa bloqueada de 2,0mm de 12 orifícios, com 3 parafusos proximais e 2 parafusos distais. Aos 180 dias de pós-operatório, os implantes ortopédicos foram removidos e o paciente recebeu alta. Conclui-se que o emprego de placa bloqueada para tratamento de fraturas abertas em ulna de Gavião Caboclo, pode propiciar adequada consolidação e retorno à função do membro sendo capaz de voar.

Total hemipelvectomy in a cat with osteoblastic osteosarcoma / Hemipelvectomia total em um gato com osteossarcoma osteoblástico

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior.The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge.Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described.No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up. Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the [...](AU)

Total hemipelvectomy in a cat with osteoblastic osteosarcoma / Hemipelvectomia total em um gato com osteossarcoma osteoblástico

Background: Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal tissue that exhibits various histological features and a differentiated biological clinical behavior.The combination of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features is important for diagnosis. Surgical treatment of neoplasms with pelvic involvement is a challenge.Primary bone tumors are rare in cats and are mostly reported in older animals. The objective of this paper was to report the case of a feline subjected to total hemipelvectomy as primary treatment of pelvic OSA; the surgical technique and histological analysis of the tumor are described.No signs of recurrence were seen during seven months of follow-up. Case: A 4-year-old female mixed breed cat weighing 3 kg was presented with a one year history of increased volume on the hip joint region. Palpation of the increased volume on the hip showed a firm, adhered, and painful mass. Radiographic examination of the pelvis in the dorso ventral projection exhibited a severe osteoblastic bone reaction on the proximal femur, as well as marked periosteal reaction of the hip joint with involvement of the acetabulum. A ventral approach total hemipelvectomy technique was adopted for excision of the tumor. The animal was placed on a lateral position and a circumferential skin incision was performed on the ipsilateral limb of the affected hemipelvis, on the [...]

Development and mechanical properties of a locking T-plate / Desenvolvimento e as propriedades mecânicas de uma placa bloqueada em formato de T

This study aimed to develop a locking T-plate and to evaluate its mechanical properties in synthetic models. A titanium 2.7mm T-plate was designed with a shaft containing three locked screw holes and one dynamic compression hole, and a head with two locked screw holes. Forty T-shaped polyurethane blocks, and 20 T-plates were used for mechanical testing. Six bone-plate constructs were tested to failure, three in axial compression and three in cantilever bending. Fourteen bone-plate constructs were tested for failure in fatigue, seven in axial compression and seven in cantilever bending. In static testing higher values of axial compression test than cantilever bending test were observed for all variables. In axial compression fatigue testing all bone-plate constructs withstood 1,000,000 cycles. Four bone-plate constructs failure occurred before 1,000,000 cycles in cantilever bending fatigue testing. In conclusion, the locking T-plate tested has mechanical properties that offer greatest resistance to fracture under axial loading than bending forces.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma placa bloqueada em formato de T e avaliar as propriedades mecânicas em um modelo sintético. Uma placa-T em liga de titânio 2,7mm foi desenhada com uma haste contendo três orifícios para parafusos bloqueados e um orifício para realização de compressão dinâmica. 40 blocos de poliuretano em formato de T e 20 placas-T foram utilizados para os ensaios mecânicos. Seis montagens osso-placa foram testados até a falha, sendo três em força de compressão axial e três em flexão engastada. 14 montagens osso-placa foram testadas até a falha em fatiga, sendo 7 em força de compressão axial e 7 em flexão engastada. No teste estático, os valores mais altos foram observados em todas as variáveis no teste de compressão axial quando comparado à flexão engastada. Já nos testes de fadiga na força de compressão axial, todas as montagens osso-placa resistiram à 1000000 de ciclos. No teste de fadiga em flexão engastada, quatro montagens osso-placa falharam antes de alcançarem 1000000 de ciclos. Em conclusão, a placa-T estudada apresenta propriedades mecânicas que oferecem uma melhor resistência em estabilizar as fraturas na atuação das forças de compressão axial que nas forças de flexão.(AU)