Aerossacolitis and pneumonia in an Indian peafowl caused by Lactobacillus agilis

Background: The peafowl is an ornamental bird that has the habit of eating directly from the earthy soil, which makes thisbird more susceptible to endoparasites. One important endoparasite is Eucoleus contortus, which leads to inflammatoryprocesses that alter the local microbiota, potentializing disease. By the other way, a member of the bird’s microbiota thereis the genus Lactobacillus, but when occurs some imbalance, these bacteria can overgrowth and even cause some infection.This report describes the pathological and microbiological findings of chronic necrotizing pneumonia and aerossacolitiscaused by Lactobacillus agilis in a peafowl, associated with parasitism by E. contortus.Case: A peafowl (Pavo cristatus), adult, male, who lived on a farm with contact with other species of animal, was submittedto post-mortem examination due to sudden death. This animal lived in an extensive system on the property and was the onlyone of its species. During the gross evaluation, the air sacs were filled with solid yellowish crumbly material. The samematerial was observed forming well-defined nodules that occupied > 50% of the lung parenchyma. Histological analysisshowed multiple parabronchi dilated and filled with caseous necrosis, characterized by abundant cellular debris and fibrindeposition. These areas were surrounded by the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and inflammatory infiltrate ofmacrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The air sacs parenchyma showed fibrin deposition and mixedinflammatory infiltrate. Multiple gram-positive bacilli were observed within the caseous foci in Gram-stained slides. Inthe crop and esophageal mucosa, cross-sections of filiform nematodes morphologically compatible with E. contortus wereassociated with chronic inflammatory infiltrate and epidermal hyperkeratosis. A lung section was submitted to GramBrown-Hopps and Ziehl-Neelsen...

Aerossacolitis and pneumonia in an Indian peafowl caused by Lactobacillus agilis

Background: The peafowl is an ornamental bird that has the habit of eating directly from the earthy soil, which makes thisbird more susceptible to endoparasites. One important endoparasite is Eucoleus contortus, which leads to inflammatoryprocesses that alter the local microbiota, potentializing disease. By the other way, a member of the birds microbiota thereis the genus Lactobacillus, but when occurs some imbalance, these bacteria can overgrowth and even cause some infection.This report describes the pathological and microbiological findings of chronic necrotizing pneumonia and aerossacolitiscaused by Lactobacillus agilis in a peafowl, associated with parasitism by E. contortus.Case: A peafowl (Pavo cristatus), adult, male, who lived on a farm with contact with other species of animal, was submittedto post-mortem examination due to sudden death. This animal lived in an extensive system on the property and was the onlyone of its species. During the gross evaluation, the air sacs were filled with solid yellowish crumbly material. The samematerial was observed forming well-defined nodules that occupied > 50% of the lung parenchyma. Histological analysisshowed multiple parabronchi dilated and filled with caseous necrosis, characterized by abundant cellular debris and fibrindeposition. These areas were surrounded by the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and inflammatory infiltrate ofmacrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The air sacs parenchyma showed fibrin deposition and mixedinflammatory infiltrate. Multiple gram-positive bacilli were observed within the caseous foci in Gram-stained slides. Inthe crop and esophageal mucosa, cross-sections of filiform nematodes morphologically compatible with E. contortus wereassociated with chronic inflammatory infiltrate and epidermal hyperkeratosis. A lung section was submitted to GramBrown-Hopps and Ziehl-Neelsen...(AU)

A incidência de aerossaculite na produção de frango de corte / The incidence of airsacculitis in the production of broiler

Esta revisão de literatura foi conduzida com o objetivo de contribuir para o conhecimento a respeito de uma das principais infecções respiratórias que podem acometer os frangos de corte, denominada aerossaculite. Essa patologia é de extrema importância para as empresas avícolas pois, uma vez que causa o acometimento dos sacos aéreos, desencadeia grandes perdas econômicas para o produtor em decorrência da condenação de sua carcaça. Dessa forma, foi discutido a incidência que a aerossaculite tem sobre os sistemas de criação, as principais causas que podem levar a contaminação e a disseminação dessa patogenia e como o produtor pode prevenir a exposição dos animais a essa infecção, visando assim a melhor qualidade e aceitação desse produto no mercado interno e externo.(AU)

This literature review was conducted with the objective of contributing to the knowledge of one of the main respiratory infections that can be accompanied by broilers, called airsacculitis. This pathology is of extreme importance for poultry companies, since it causes the attack of the air sacs, it triggers great economic losses for the producer due to the condemnation of its carcass. Thus, it was discussed the incidence of airsacculitis on breeding systems, as the main causes that can lead to a contamination and a dissemination of the pathogenesis and how the producer can prevent an exposure of the animals to this infection, aiming at the best quality and acceptance of the product in the internal and external market.(AU)

A incidência de aerossaculite na produção de frango de corte / The incidence of airsacculitis in the production of broiler

Esta revisão de literatura foi conduzida com o objetivo de contribuir para o conhecimento a respeito de uma das principais infecções respiratórias que podem acometer os frangos de corte, denominada aerossaculite. Essa patologia é de extrema importância para as empresas avícolas pois, uma vez que causa o acometimento dos sacos aéreos, desencadeia grandes perdas econômicas para o produtor em decorrência da condenação de sua carcaça. Dessa forma, foi discutido a incidência que a aerossaculite tem sobre os sistemas de criação, as principais causas que podem levar a contaminação e a disseminação dessa patogenia e como o produtor pode prevenir a exposição dos animais a essa infecção, visando assim a melhor qualidade e aceitação desse produto no mercado interno e externo.

This literature review was conducted with the objective of contributing to the knowledge of one of the main respiratory infections that can be accompanied by broilers, called airsacculitis. This pathology is of extreme importance for poultry companies, since it causes the attack of the air sacs, it triggers great economic losses for the producer due to the condemnation of its carcass. Thus, it was discussed the incidence of airsacculitis on breeding systems, as the main causes that can lead to a contamination and a dissemination of the pathogenesis and how the producer can prevent an exposure of the animals to this infection, aiming at the best quality and acceptance of the product in the internal and external market.

Mineral supplement with pre- and probiotic improves respiratory immune status in yearling racing Thoroughbred horses: preliminary results / Suplemento mineral com pre-e probiótico melhora a condição imunológica respiratória em cavalos sobreano Puro Sangue Inglês de corrida: resultados preliminares

There are evidences of intestinal flora influence on the airway immune response. However, this information is scarce with regard to horses. The present preliminary study aimed to investigate the effects of a commercial mineral supplement containing probiotics and prebiotics on the respiratory immune response of horses supplemented with them during the first months of stabling and race training. Twelve TB yearlings were examined at the breeding farm at the beginning of the study (June 2016, henceforth M0) and then reexamined one (July 2016, henceforth M1) and five (November 2016, henceforth M2) months after being stabled at a racetrack in Curitiba, Brazil. Clinical and hematological examinations, airway endoscopy, and tracheal wash (TW) cytology were performed. After the initial examination, horses were randomly divided between the treatment group (TG), which received 10 grams of the supplement daily, and the control group (CG). There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical parameters; in the hematological examination, eosinophil count was lower in the TG in M1 as compared with M0 (P = 0.045). Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) improved in the TG during M1 as compared with M0 (P = 0.007). However, on the CG, PLH remained unchanged. Relative number of eosinophils in the TW was 86.1% higher in M1 than M0 for the CG; in the TG; however, eosinophils were absent and remained within normal limits until M2. In conclusion, this study revealed a positive influence of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on the respiratory immune response of young TB race horses. Further investigations are recommended.

As doenças respiratórias são uma grande preocupação em cavalos Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) jovens durante o primeiro ano de treinamento para corrida. Existem evidências da influência da flora intestinal sobre a condição imunológica do organismo, incluindo a resposta de defesa das vias aéreas, porém essas informações são escassas nos cavalos. O presente estudo preliminar teve como objetivo investigar a influência da suplementação com núcleo mineral comercial com probiótico e prebiótico sobre a resposta imunológica respiratória de cavalos PSI durante os primeiros meses de estabulagem e treinamento. Doze cavalos PSI na fase de sobreano, machos e fêmeas, foram examinados ainda no haras (M0) e, um mês (M1) e cinco meses (M5) após estabulação no hipódromo em Curitiba, Brasil. Os cavalos foram submetidos a exames clínico e hematológico, endoscopia das vias aéreas e citologia do lavado traqueal (LT). Após o primeiro exame, os cavalos foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo tratado (GT), que recebeu 10g por dia do suplemento, e grupo de controle (GC). Não houve diferença nos parâmetros clínicos, já no exame hematológico do GT, a contagem de eosinófilos foi menor em M1 quando comparado a M0 (P = 0,045). A hiperplasia folicular linfoide ficou dentro do limite normal e menores no GT em M1 quando comparado a M0 (P = 0.007), o que não ocorreu para o GC. O número relativo de eosinófilos no LT foi 86,1% maior em M1 versus M0 para o GC, enquanto no GT, os eosinófilos estavam ausentes e permaneceram dentro dos limites normais até M2. Concluindo, neste estudo preliminar, evidenciou-se uma influência positiva da suplementação probiótica e prebiótica na resposta imunológica respiratória de cavalos PSI jovens, justificando investigações adicionais.

Mineral supplement with pre- and probiotic improves respiratory immune status in yearling racing Thoroughbred horses: preliminary results / Suplemento mineral com pre-e probiótico melhora a condição imunológica respiratória em cavalos sobreano Puro Sangue Inglês de corrida: resultados preliminares

There are evidences of intestinal flora influence on the airway immune response. However, this information is scarce with regard to horses. The present preliminary study aimed to investigate the effects of a commercial mineral supplement containing probiotics and prebiotics on the respiratory immune response of horses supplemented with them during the first months of stabling and race training. Twelve TB yearlings were examined at the breeding farm at the beginning of the study (June 2016, henceforth M0) and then reexamined one (July 2016, henceforth M1) and five (November 2016, henceforth M2) months after being stabled at a racetrack in Curitiba, Brazil. Clinical and hematological examinations, airway endoscopy, and tracheal wash (TW) cytology were performed. After the initial examination, horses were randomly divided between the treatment group (TG), which received 10 grams of the supplement daily, and the control group (CG). There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical parameters; in the hematological examination, eosinophil count was lower in the TG in M1 as compared with M0 (P = 0.045). Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) improved in the TG during M1 as compared with M0 (P = 0.007). However, on the CG, PLH remained unchanged. Relative number of eosinophils in the TW was 86.1% higher in M1 than M0 for the CG; in the TG; however, eosinophils were absent and remained within normal limits until M2. In conclusion, this study revealed a positive influence of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on the respiratory immune response of young TB race horses. Further investigations are recommended.(AU)

As doenças respiratórias são uma grande preocupação em cavalos Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) jovens durante o primeiro ano de treinamento para corrida. Existem evidências da influência da flora intestinal sobre a condição imunológica do organismo, incluindo a resposta de defesa das vias aéreas, porém essas informações são escassas nos cavalos. O presente estudo preliminar teve como objetivo investigar a influência da suplementação com núcleo mineral comercial com probiótico e prebiótico sobre a resposta imunológica respiratória de cavalos PSI durante os primeiros meses de estabulagem e treinamento. Doze cavalos PSI na fase de sobreano, machos e fêmeas, foram examinados ainda no haras (M0) e, um mês (M1) e cinco meses (M5) após estabulação no hipódromo em Curitiba, Brasil. Os cavalos foram submetidos a exames clínico e hematológico, endoscopia das vias aéreas e citologia do lavado traqueal (LT). Após o primeiro exame, os cavalos foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo tratado (GT), que recebeu 10g por dia do suplemento, e grupo de controle (GC). Não houve diferença nos parâmetros clínicos, já no exame hematológico do GT, a contagem de eosinófilos foi menor em M1 quando comparado a M0 (P = 0,045). A hiperplasia folicular linfoide ficou dentro do limite normal e menores no GT em M1 quando comparado a M0 (P = 0.007), o que não ocorreu para o GC. O número relativo de eosinófilos no LT foi 86,1% maior em M1 versus M0 para o GC, enquanto no GT, os eosinófilos estavam ausentes e permaneceram dentro dos limites normais até M2. Concluindo, neste estudo preliminar, evidenciou-se uma influência positiva da suplementação probiótica e prebiótica na resposta imunológica respiratória de cavalos PSI jovens, justificando investigações adicionais.(AU)

Detecting the effect of Umckaloabo/EPs®7630 liquid extract after its therapeutic purposed usage in calves showing symptoms of respiratory tract infection

Background: Respiratory tract diseases are commonly seen in beef cattle. Young calves are affected with many respiratory pathogens. Viral pathogens are particularly seen. There are many causative factors, e.g. environmental conditions, immune system of calves. Therefore, alternative treatments are needed for viral respiratory infections. The purpose of the current study was to investigate effectiveness of Umckaloabo/EPs®7630 liquid extract in some bovine viral pathogens of young beef calves.Materials, Methods & Results: Antibody presence in terms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3) was searched in blood serum samples of 40 Holstein calves aged 6 months and over showing respiratory tract infection symptoms. All animals were found seronegative in terms of other factors except BRSV. Out of 20 BRSV seropositive calves, 10 of them were classified as control group and the other ten as testing group. BRSV antibody titers were also detected in blood samples of both groups on day 0. Umckaloabo/EPs®7630 liquid extract was given through oral route to animals in testing group according to their weights for 14 days morning, noon and night. No application was performed on animals in control group. BRSV antibody titers were detected in blood samples of animals in both groups taken on days 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th. At the end of day 14th, BRSV antibody titer increased in 9 out of 10 animals (90%) in testing group that were given Umckaloabo/EPs® 7630 liquid extract while one of them (10%) showed no variability. BRSV antibody titer increased in 6 out of 10 animals (60%) in control group while it decreased in one of them (10%) and 3 of them (30%) showed no variability.[...]

Detecting the effect of Umckaloabo/EPs®7630 liquid extract after its therapeutic purposed usage in calves showing symptoms of respiratory tract infection

Background: Respiratory tract diseases are commonly seen in beef cattle. Young calves are affected with many respiratory pathogens. Viral pathogens are particularly seen. There are many causative factors, e.g. environmental conditions, immune system of calves. Therefore, alternative treatments are needed for viral respiratory infections. The purpose of the current study was to investigate effectiveness of Umckaloabo/EPs®7630 liquid extract in some bovine viral pathogens of young beef calves.Materials, Methods & Results: Antibody presence in terms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3) was searched in blood serum samples of 40 Holstein calves aged 6 months and over showing respiratory tract infection symptoms. All animals were found seronegative in terms of other factors except BRSV. Out of 20 BRSV seropositive calves, 10 of them were classified as control group and the other ten as testing group. BRSV antibody titers were also detected in blood samples of both groups on day 0. Umckaloabo/EPs®7630 liquid extract was given through oral route to animals in testing group according to their weights for 14 days morning, noon and night. No application was performed on animals in control group. BRSV antibody titers were detected in blood samples of animals in both groups taken on days 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th. At the end of day 14th, BRSV antibody titer increased in 9 out of 10 animals (90%) in testing group that were given Umckaloabo/EPs® 7630 liquid extract while one of them (10%) showed no variability. BRSV antibody titer increased in 6 out of 10 animals (60%) in control group while it decreased in one of them (10%) and 3 of them (30%) showed no variability.[...](AU)

Equine influenza in Brazil / A influenza equina no Brasil

Equine influenza virus (EIV) (H3N8 and H7N7) is the causative agent of equine influenza, or equine flu. The H7N7 subtype has been considered to be extinct worldwide since 1980. Affected animals have respiratory symptoms that can be worsened by secondary bacterial respiratory infection, thereby leading to great economic losses in the horse-breeding industry. In Brazil, equine influenza outbreaks were first reported in 1963 and studies on hemagglutination antibodies against viral subtypes in Brazilian horses have been conducted since then. The objective of the present review was to present the history of the emergence of EIV around the world and in Brazil and the studies that have thus far been developed on EIV in Brazilian equines.(AU)

O vírus da influenza equina (EIV) (H3N8 e H7N7) é o agente causador da influenza equina, ou gripe equina. O subtipo viral H7N7 é considerado como mundialmente extinto desde 1980. Os animais afetados têm sintomas respiratórios característicos que podem ser agravados por uma infecção respiratória bacteriana secundária causando grandes prejuízos no ramo equestre. No Brasil, os surtos da EI têm sido relatados desde 1963 e desde então vem sendo efetuados estudos sobre a presença de anticorpos hemaglutinantes contra os subtipos virais nos equídeos brasileiros. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar um histórico sobre o surgimento do EIV no mundo e no Brasil destacando os estudos conduzidos no Brasil até o momento acerca da infecção pelo EIV nos equídeos brasileiros.(AU)

Influência da amônia proveniente da cama aviária sobre o bem-estar de frangos de corte / Influence of ammonia from the litter on broiler chicken welfare

The growth of the Brazilian poultry industry must associate productivity increase to improvements in the welfare to optimize poultry performance and meet the demand of external market about origin of their food. The reuse of litter for several fl ocks is a practice that aims to reduce costs and waste, but it is necessary to evaluate the quality of the substrate and its absorptive capacity. The objective of this study was to review the conditions infl uencing the quality of poultry litter and volatilization of ammonia on broiler welfare. On the litter are deposited nitrogen excreta of broiler, which are decomposed by microorganisms generating ammonia. The humidity in the litter favors the growth of these microorganisms and increases the ammonia content in the environment which can cause injuries such as foot pad dermatitis, characterized by ulceration in the foot pad and digital; keratoconjunctivitis, affecting cornea and causing potential blindness; and respiratory infections due to degeneration of cilia responsible for the mechanical protection of the airways. It is concluded that it is important to manage the litter and that it can be reused since ammonia concentration is controlled to reduce economic losses, increase productivity and reduce the incidence of foot, eye and respiratory lesions, increasing animal welfare.

O crescimento da avicultura brasileira deve associar aumento de produtividade a melhorias no bem-estar das animal para otimizar o desempenho das aves e atender o mercado consumidor externo que é exigente quanto à procedência de seu alimento. O reaproveitamento da cama por diversos lotes é uma prática que visa diminuir custos e resíduos, mas é necessário avaliar a qualidade desse substrato e sua capacidade absortiva. Neste trabalho foi feita uma revisão a respeito da cama aviária e volatização da amônia sobre o bem-estar de frangos de corte. Na cama são depositados os excretas nitrogenados das aves, que são decompostos por micro-organismos gerando amônia. O aumento de umidade na cama favorece o crescimento desses micro-organismos e eleva o teor de amônia no ambiente, podendo gerar lesões como pododermatite, caracterizada pela ulceração no coxim plantar e digital; ceratoconjuntivite, que afeta a córnea e pode causar cegueira; e infecções respiratórias devido à degeneração dos cílios responsáveis pela proteção mecânica das vias aéreas. Conclui-se que é fundamental manejar bem a cama aviária e é possível reutilizá-la desde que o teor de amônia esteja controlado para diminuir perdas econômicas, aumentar a produtividade e reduzir a incidência de lesões podais, oftálmicas e respiratórias das aves, garantindo aumento de bem-estar animal.

Influência da amônia proveniente da cama aviária sobre o bem-estar de frangos de corte / Influence of ammonia from the litter on broiler chicken welfare

The growth of the Brazilian poultry industry must associate productivity increase to improvements in the welfare to optimize poultry performance and meet the demand of external market about origin of their food. The reuse of litter for several fl ocks is a practice that aims to reduce costs and waste, but it is necessary to evaluate the quality of the substrate and its absorptive capacity. The objective of this study was to review the conditions infl uencing the quality of poultry litter and volatilization of ammonia on broiler welfare. On the litter are deposited nitrogen excreta of broiler, which are decomposed by microorganisms generating ammonia. The humidity in the litter favors the growth of these microorganisms and increases the ammonia content in the environment which can cause injuries such as foot pad dermatitis, characterized by ulceration in the foot pad and digital; keratoconjunctivitis, affecting cornea and causing potential blindness; and respiratory infections due to degeneration of cilia responsible for the mechanical protection of the airways. It is concluded that it is important to manage the litter and that it can be reused since ammonia concentration is controlled to reduce economic losses, increase productivity and reduce the incidence of foot, eye and respiratory lesions, increasing animal welfare.(AU)

O crescimento da avicultura brasileira deve associar aumento de produtividade a melhorias no bem-estar das animal para otimizar o desempenho das aves e atender o mercado consumidor externo que é exigente quanto à procedência de seu alimento. O reaproveitamento da cama por diversos lotes é uma prática que visa diminuir custos e resíduos, mas é necessário avaliar a qualidade desse substrato e sua capacidade absortiva. Neste trabalho foi feita uma revisão a respeito da cama aviária e volatização da amônia sobre o bem-estar de frangos de corte. Na cama são depositados os excretas nitrogenados das aves, que são decompostos por micro-organismos gerando amônia. O aumento de umidade na cama favorece o crescimento desses micro-organismos e eleva o teor de amônia no ambiente, podendo gerar lesões como pododermatite, caracterizada pela ulceração no coxim plantar e digital; ceratoconjuntivite, que afeta a córnea e pode causar cegueira; e infecções respiratórias devido à degeneração dos cílios responsáveis pela proteção mecânica das vias aéreas. Conclui-se que é fundamental manejar bem a cama aviária e é possível reutilizá-la desde que o teor de amônia esteja controlado para diminuir perdas econômicas, aumentar a produtividade e reduzir a incidência de lesões podais, oftálmicas e respiratórias das aves, garantindo aumento de bem-estar animal.(AU)

Occurrence of Chlamydophila felis in a cattery in Osasco city, São Paulo state / Ocorrência de Chlamydophila felis em um gatil na região de Osasco, São Paulo

Chlamydophila felis is associated with upper respiratory tract infections. In the present study, 31 cats from a noncommercial shelter located in Osasco, SP, Brazil, were examined. The cats presented with clinical manifestations, which were classified from grade 1 to 4, with 4 indicating severe manifestations. In total, 16.13% of the cats presented with grade 1 severity of clinical manifestations, 25.81% presented with grade 2, 38.71% presented with grade 3, and 19.35% presented with grade 4. PCR was used to detect C. felis in samples taken from the oral mucosa and ocular conjunctiva of both eyes using sterile, dry cotton swabs. Overall, 58% of the samples were positive for C. felis. Of these animals, none showed clinical manifestations that were classified as grade 1, whereas 5.56% of cats were classified as grade 2, 61.11% were classified as grade 3, and 33.33% were classified as grade 4. The median clinical manifestation intensity score for the first group was 3 and ranged from 2 to 4. In the second group not positive for C. felis, 38.45% of the animals (5/13) presented with manifestations classified as grade 1, 53.85% (7/13) were classified as grade 2, 7.69% (1/13) were classified as grade 3, and no animals were classified as grade 4. The median clinical manifestation intensity score for the second group was 2 and ranged from 1 to 3. In this study, there was a high occurrence of C. felis in animals with clinical manifestations(AU)

A Chlamydophila felis está associada à infecção de trato respiratório superior. No presente estudo, foram utilizados 31 felinos de um gatil não comercial, localizado em Osasco/SP. Os gatos apresentavam manifestações clínicas, classificadas de 1 a 4, sendo 4 atribuído àqueles que apresentavam pior manifestação clínica. Foi observada a intensidade de manifestação clínica grau 1 em 16,13% dos gatos, a 2 em 25,81%, a 3 em 38,71% e a 4 em 19,35%. A detecção de C. felis foi realizada por técnica de PCR em amostras obtidas com suabes de algodão, seco e estéril, de mucosa oral e de conjuntiva ocular de ambos os olhos. Verificou-se que 58% das amostras para C. felis foram positivas, entre esses animais, nenhum apresentou manifestação clínica classificada como grau 1, o grau 2 foi observado em 5,56% dos gatos, 61,11% para o 3 e 33,33% dos animais apresentava a intensidade 4. Verificou-se que para o primeiro grupo a mediana dos escores de intensidade das manifestações clínicas observadas foi de 3, variando de 2 a 4. No segundo grupo, foi observado 38,45% (5/13) dos animais para a intensidade 1, 53,85% (7/13) para a 2 e 7,69% (1/13) para a 3, nenhum animal deste grupo apresentou o grau 4. Verificou-se para o segundo grupo, a mediana dos escores de intensidade das manifestações clínicas observadas foi de 2, variando de 1 a 3. Neste trabalho foi observada uma elevada ocorrência de C. felis em animais com manifestação clínica(AU)

Aspergillus fumigatus from normal and condemned carcasses with airsacculitis in commercial poultry / Pesquisa de Aspergillus fumigatus em carcaças de frango de corte normais e condenadas por aerossaculite

Carcass inspection is important for the detection of certain diseases and for monitoring their prevalence in slaughterhouses. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in commercial poultry, through mycological and histopathological diagnosis, and to verify the causal association between the aspergillosis diagnosis criteria and condemnation due to airsacculitis in broilers through a case-control study. The study was carried out with 380 samples. Lungs were collected from broilers that were condemned (95) or not condemned (285) due to airsacculitis directly from the slaughter line. Forty-six (12%) lung samples were positive for A. fumigatus in mycological culture. Among all samples, 177 (46.6%) presented histopathological alterations, with necrotic, fibrinous, heterophilic pneumonia; heterophilic pneumonia and lymphoid hyperplasia being the most frequent. Out of the 380 lungs analyzed, 65.2% (30) showed histopathological alterations and isolation of fungi. The statistical analysis (McNemar's chi-square test) indicated a significant association between the presence of histopathological lesions and the isolation of A. fumigatus. Mycological cultivation and histopathological diagnosis increase the probability of detecting pulmonary alterations in birds condemned by the Final Inspection System, which suggests that such diagnostic criteria can improve the assessment and condemnation of birds affected by airsacculitis.(AU)

Nos abatedouros, a inspeção das carcaças é fundamental para a detecção e monitoramento da prevalência de certas doenças. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar a ocorrência de aspergilose causada por Aspergillus fumigatus em aves comerciais através do diagnóstico micológico e histopatológico e verificar a possibilidade de associação causal entre os critérios de diagnóstico de aspergilose e condenação por aerossaculite em frangos de corte através de um estudo de caso-controle. O estudo foi realizado com 380 amostras. Foram coletados pulmões de frangos condenados (95) e não condenados (285) por aerossaculite, diretamente na linha de abate de um frigorífico. Quarenta e seis (12%) amostras de pulmão foram positivas na cultura micológica. Do total de amostras, 177 (46,6%) apresentaram alterações histopatológicas, sendo os mais frequentes pneumonia fibrinoheterofílica necrótica, pneumonia heterofílica e hiperplasia linfóide. Do total de 380 pulmões analisados, 65,2% (30) apresentaram alterações histopatológicas e isolamento fúngico. A relação entre a presença de lesões histopatológicas e isolamento de A. fumigatus testada por McNemar indicou que houve associação significativa entre a presença de alterações histopatológicas e o isolamento de A. fumigatus. O cultivo micológico e o exame histopatológico aumentam as chances de se detectar alterações pulmonares em aves condenadas pelo Sistema de Inspeção Final do que nas aves normais, sugerindo que tais critérios de diagnóstico são eficazes para aprimorar a avaliação e condenação de aves por aerossaculite.(AU)

Isolation of Haemophilus parasuis from Diagnostic Samples in the South of Brazil

Haemophilus parasuis is one of the first and most prevalent colonizers of piglets, affecting the swine population from 2 weeks to 4 months of age. In this work, the relative incidence of H. parasuis isolated from swine in the west of Santa Catarina from 2007 to 2010 was investigated. White, flat and non-hemolytic colonies (satellitism growth with Staphylococcus aureus) of approximately 1 mm in length were identified by biochemical tests. Out of 384 samples examined during this period, 32 (8.33%) tested positive to isolation of H. parasuis. In 2007 and 2008 only 1 case of H. parasuis was isolated per year from a total of 62 and 60 samples, respectively. In 2009, 19 cases from 126 (15.08%) and in 2010, 11 cases of H. parasuis were isolated from a total of 136 samples (8.09%). These results suggest a growing incidence of this bacterium in the swine flock in this area.(AU)

Detecção de Herpesvírus Felino do tipo 1 e Chlamydia felis em gatil de superpopulação em São Paulo / Detection of Herpesvirus Feline type 1 and Chlamydia telis in thecattery of overpopulation in São Paulo city / Deteccion de Herpesvirus Felino tipo 1 y Chlamydia telis en un criaderocon sobrepoblación en la ciudad deSão Paulo

Dentre os principais agentes causadores do complexo respiratório dos felinos tem-se o Herpesvírus felino tipo 1 (FHV-1) e a Chlamydia telis. Esta é a principal enfermidade causadora de surtos em abrigos de felinos. Avaliou-se 39 felinos de uma população oscilante em torno de 200 indivíduos, encontrou-se alta ocorrência tanto de FHV-1 como de C. telis. Dentre os fatores de risco que favoreciam a propagação da infecção,foram detectados as baixas condições sanitárias e nutricionais oferecida aos animais. Todos animais do estudo não possuíam raça definida e eram provenientes de resgate de vias públicas, 100% dos animais deste gatil apresentava sinais clínicos do complexo respiratório dos felinos e tanto a morbidade quanto a mortalidade eram elevadas.(AU)

Among the main causes of respiratory complex feline has Herpesvirus feline type 1 (FHV-1)and Chlamydia telis. This is the main disease causing outbreaks in felines shelters. It was evaluated 39 cats from an oscillating population of around 200 individuais, it was found a high rate of both FHV-1 asC. telis. Risk factors favoring the spread of infection were low health and nutritional conditions offered to animais. Ali animais in the study lacked breed and came from rescue roads, 100% of the animais of this cattery presented clinical signs of respiratory complex feline and both morbidity and mortality were high.(AU)

Entre los principales patógenos que causan el complejo respiratorio felino se encuentran el Herpesvirus felino tipo 1 (FHV-1) y la Chlamydia telis. Esta es la principal enfermedad que causa brotes en refugios de felinos, por tanto, en este trabajo fueron evaluados 39 gatos de una población de aproximadamente 200 individuos, encontrán dose una alta ocurrencia de FHV-1 y C. telis. Los factores de riesgo que favorecieron a la propagación de la infección fueron las bajas condiciones sanitarias y nutricionales de los animales. Todos los individuos de este criadero fueron rescatados de las vías públicas, eran de raza desconocida, presentaban signos clínicos dei complejo respiratorio felino y una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad.(AU)

Detecção de Herpesvírus Felino do tipo 1 e Chlamydia felis em gatil de superpopulação em São Paulo / Detection of Herpesvirus Feline type 1 and Chlamydia telis in thecattery of overpopulation in São Paulo city / Deteccion de Herpesvirus Felino tipo 1 y Chlamydia telis en un criaderocon sobrepoblación en la ciudad deSão Paulo

Dentre os principais agentes causadores do complexo respiratório dos felinos tem-se o Herpesvírus felino tipo 1 (FHV-1) e a Chlamydia telis. Esta é a principal enfermidade causadora de surtos em abrigos de felinos. Avaliou-se 39 felinos de uma população oscilante em torno de 200 indivíduos, encontrou-se alta ocorrência tanto de FHV-1 como de C. telis. Dentre os fatores de risco que favoreciam a propagação da infecção,foram detectados as baixas condições sanitárias e nutricionais oferecida aos animais. Todos animais do estudo não possuíam raça definida e eram provenientes de resgate de vias públicas, 100% dos animais deste gatil apresentava sinais clínicos do complexo respiratório dos felinos e tanto a morbidade quanto a mortalidade eram elevadas.

Among the main causes of respiratory complex feline has Herpesvirus feline type 1 (FHV-1)and Chlamydia telis. This is the main disease causing outbreaks in felines shelters. It was evaluated 39 cats from an oscillating population of around 200 individuais, it was found a high rate of both FHV-1 asC. telis. Risk factors favoring the spread of infection were low health and nutritional conditions offered to animais. Ali animais in the study lacked breed and came from rescue roads, 100% of the animais of this cattery presented clinical signs of respiratory complex feline and both morbidity and mortality were high.

Entre los principales patógenos que causan el complejo respiratorio felino se encuentran el Herpesvirus felino tipo 1 (FHV-1) y la Chlamydia telis. Esta es la principal enfermedad que causa brotes en refugios de felinos, por tanto, en este trabajo fueron evaluados 39 gatos de una población de aproximadamente 200 individuos, encontrán dose una alta ocurrencia de FHV-1 y C. telis. Los factores de riesgo que favorecieron a la propagación de la infección fueron las bajas condiciones sanitarias y nutricionales de los animales. Todos los individuos de este criadero fueron rescatados de las vías públicas, eran de raza desconocida, presentaban signos clínicos dei complejo respiratorio felino y una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad.

Doença inflamatória das vias aéreas (DIVA) em eqüinos de policiamento: estudo clínico / Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses from the police force: a clinical study

Objetivou-se caracterizar clinicamente a doença inflamatória de vias aéreas (DIVA) em eqüinos de policiamento aparentemente sadios. Utilizaram-se 17 eqüinos adultos machos e fêmeas, com idade entre 11 e 24 anos, sendo que oito constituíram o grupo controle e nove o grupo doente. Todos os animais apresentavam resultados de leucogramas e determinações de fibrinogênio plasmático dentro da normalidade. O grupo controle foi constituído por animais cuja média da contagem diferencial de células nucleadas do lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) apresentou-se dentro da normalidade de acordo com MCGorum et al.(1993) e o grupo doente, segundo Hoffman (2003), caracterizou-se por infiltrado de neutrófilos (>5% e <25%) e de eosinófilos (>1%). Realizaram-se exames físicos, endoscópicos e mensurações da diferença de pressão intrapleural máxima (Ventigrafia). A análise das funções vitais e das mensurações da diferença de pressão intrapleural máxima permitiram verificar, ainda que dentro de valores fisiológicos, diferenças significativas apenas para a temperatura corpórea e freqüência cardíaca. Para os achados do exame físico do trato respiratório, não foi detectada diferença significativa entre os grupos. Em função dos resultados obtidos, a DIVA nos animais de policiamento examinados apresentou manifestações clínicas discretas, podendo ser considerada como quiescente.(AU)

The objective of this study was the clinical characterization of Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD) in apparently healthy horses from the police force. Seventeen adult horses, 11 to 24 years old, of both genders, were used. The control group was formed by 8 animals, and the experimental group, by nine. Leukograms and plasma fibrinogen concentration were inside the normal range in all animals. The control group was formed by animals showing mean nucleated cell differential counts in their bronchoalvelar lavage (BAL) inside the normal range, according to MCGorum et al. (1993). The experimental group, according to Hoffman (2003), was characterized by neutrophil (>5% and <25%) and eosinophil (>1%) infiltrates. Horses were submitted to physical and endoscopic examinations, as well as measurement of maximum intrapleural pressure. Although results were in the normal range for the species, the analysis of vital functions and the difference in maximum intrapleural pressure showed significant differences only for body temperature and heart rates. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the physical examination of the respiratory tract. Based on the results, IAD in animals from the police force showed discrete clinical signs, and the disease may be considered quiescent.(AU)

Ocorrência de Mannheimia haemolytica e de Pasteurella multocida em ovinos sadios e com enfermidade respiratória / Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida occurrence in healthy and affected lambs

Frequency of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in the respiratory tract of lambs in the region of Botucatu, SP, Brazil, was studied. Nasopharingeal and oropharingeal swabs were obtained from 262 animals: 180 from healthy and 82 from animals with respiratory diseases. M. haemolytica was the most prevalent (47 percent), followed by the association of M. haemolytica and P. multocida (27 percent), and P. multocida (11 percent). Animals with respiratory disease presented higher occurrence of P. multocida in the nasopharynx as compared to healthy animals (P<0.05). No significant difference in isolation rate of M. haemolytica, P. multocida, and association of these microorganisms in the oropharynx of healthy and affected animals was observed(AU)