Using peritoneal and blood lactate as predictor of condition type, surgical referral and prognosis in equine colic cases / Uso do lactato peritoneal e sanguíneo como preditor do tipo de afecção, encaminhamento cirúrgico e prognóstico em casos de cólica equina

It is important to investigate fast and accurate equine colic syndrome diagnostic forms. Lactate results from anaerobic glycolysis; high levels of it may indicate intestinal disorders with tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia. The current study aims at investigating whether blood and peritoneal lactate values observed when horses with colic syndrome were hospitalized, were associated with condition type, therapeutic referral, and survival rates. Retrospective analysis was applied to 498 medical records of animals with colic syndrome, at EQUIVET Hospital -SP; 89 cases were herein selected. Based on logistic regression, peritoneal lactate played a more significant part than blood in variables like obstruction type and survival rates. Surgical cases comprised 52.8% of analyzed animals; strangulation changes, 26%; and overall survival, 62.9%. Mean blood and peritoneal lactate level in animals showing strangulation changes reached 5.11 and 7.33mmol/L, whereas non-strangulation cases recorded 3.54 and 3.06mmol/L, respectively. On the other hand, mean blood and peritoneal lactate level recorded for survivors reached 3.43 and 2.42mmol/L, whereas non-survivors recorded 4.84 and 7.13mmol/L, respectively. We concluded that peritoneal lactate measured when horses with colic syndrome were hospitalized was a predictor of condition type, and of animal survival and prognosis. However, blood and peritoneal lactate measurements did not contribute to therapeutic referral.

O estudo de formas diagnósticas rápidas e precisas é importante na síndrome cólica equina. O lactato, produto da glicólise anaeróbica, quando elevado, pode indicar afecções intestinais com hipoperfusão e hipóxia. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se os valores de lactato sanguíneo e peritoneal, na admissão de equinos com síndrome cólica, estão relacionados com o tipo de afecção, com o encaminhamento terapêutico e a sobrevida. Uma análise retrospectiva foi realizada em 498 atendimentos em síndrome cólica, no Hospital EQUIVET-SP, quando 89 casos foram selecionados. A regressão logística indicou que o lactato peritoneal obteve maior significância comparado ao sanguíneo, nas variáveis tipo de obstrução e sobrevida. Casos cirúrgicos foram 52,8%; alterações estrangulativas, 26%; e sobrevivência geral, 62,9%. Em alterações estrangulativas, a média do lactato sanguíneo e peritoneal foi de 5,11 e 7,33mmol/L; em não estrangulativos, 3,54 e 3,06mmol/L. Já os sobreviventes obtiveram 3,43 e 2,42mmol/L, e os não sobreviventes 4,84 e 7,13mmol/L, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a mensuração do lactato peritoneal na admissão de cavalos com cólica foi considerada um preditor do tipo de afecção, bem como da sobrevida e do prognóstico. Porém, as mensurações de lactato sanguíneo e peritoneal não auxiliaram no encaminhamento terapêutico.

Clinical presentation, histological findings, and prognosis in female dogs with mixed mammary neoplasms / Apresentação clínica, achados histológicos e prognóstico em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias mistas

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and morphological characteristics of mixed mammary neoplasms and verify what characteristics affect the prognosis of female dogs with carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas. This was a retrospective study of 67 female dogs that underwent mastectomies and were diagnosed with benign mixed tumors (n=13), carcinomas in mixed tumors (n=44) and carcinosarcomas (n=10). Data regarding the clinical and histological aspects of the neoplasms were collected and the relation with specific survival times, and hazard ratios (HR) in 24 months was calculated. In univariate analysis, the diagnosis of carcinosarcoma (HR 8.26, p=0.006), carcinomatous areas with micropapillary or solid patterns (HR 17.49; p=0. 001) and lymph node metastasis (HR 7.07;p=0.020) were associated with specific survival. In multivariable analysis, only micropapillary or solid pattern (HR=16.34; p=0.007) remained independent factor associated with lower specific survival. Micropapillary or solid carcinomatous patterns were associated with shorter specific survival time (p=0.002) among animals with carcinomas in mixed tumors. Among the carcinosarcomas, lymph node metastasis (p=0.010) was associated with a shorter specific survival time. In conclusion, carcinomas in mixed tumors and carcinosarcomas vary in prognosis depending on the carcinomatous proliferation patterns and spread of the disease.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características clínicas e morfológicas das neoplasias mamárias mistas e verificar quais características interferem no prognóstico de cadelas com carcinomas em tumores mistos e carcinossarcomas. Este foi um estudo retrospectivo de 67 cadelas, que foram submetidas a mastectomias e diagnosticadas com tumores mistos benignos (n = 13), carcinomas em tumores mistos (n = 44) e carcinossarcomas (n = 10). Foram coletados dados sobre os aspectos clínicos e histológicos das neoplasias e a relação com o tempo de sobrevida específica e a razão de risco (OR) em 24 meses foram calculadas. Na análise univariada, o diagnóstico de carcinossarcoma (HR 8,26; p=0,006), as áreas carcinomatosas com padrão micropapilar e sólido (HR 17,49; p= 0,001) e metástase linfonodal (HR 7,07; p=0,020) foram associadas à menor sobrevida específica. Na análise multivariável, apenas o padrão micropapilar ou sólido (HR=16,34; p=0,007) permaneceu como fator independente associado à sobrevida. Proliferações carcinomatosas micropapilares ou sólidas (p = 0,002) foram associadas a tempos de sobrevida específica mais curtos entre os animais com carcinomas em tumor misto. Entre os pacientes com carcinossarcoma, metástases em linfonodos (p = 0,010) foram associadas a um menor tempo de sobrevida específica. Em conclusão, os resultados mostraram que os carcinomas em tumores mistos e os carcinossarcomas podem ter prognóstico variável, dependendo do padrão de proliferação carcinomatosa e da disseminação linfática da doença.

Diagnosing sub-acute rumen acidosis in cows in the post-calving period with digital technologies / [Diagnóstico de acidose ruminal subaguda em vacas no período pós-parto usando tecnologias digitais]

This study aims to determine the relationship between indicators of the motor activity, pH factor, rumen and rectal temperature within 10 days after calving and to analyze the possibility of using the studied parameters as prognostic signs for diagnosing sub-acute rumen acidosis (SARA). The measurements were taken using bolus with sensors designed to monitor cow health. The motor activity, pH factor and ruminal temperature of 10 cows were measured during 10 days at a measurement interval of every 60 seconds. Next, the researchers calculated the average values of the obtained readings, which were divided into 2 groups according to a measurement interval of every 12 hours. Rectal temperature was measured using a veterinary thermometer every 12 hours (at 8 a.m. and at 8 p.m.). As a result, 200 measurements were obtained. Descriptive sampling statistics were calculated using the SPSS Statistics program. An increase in motor activity reduces the pH level of the rumen environment. Lowering the pH factor of the rumen environment leads to an increase in ruminal temperature. There is a positive statistically significant correlation between ruminal and rectal temperature. The nosology of SARA can be predicted by measuring the motor activity and rectal temperature of dairy cows.(AU)

Este estudo visa determinar a relação entre indicadores de atividade motora, fator de pH, temperatura ruminal e retal em até 10 dias após o parto e analisar a possibilidade de utilizar os parâmetros estudados como sinais prognósticos para o diagnóstico de acidose ruminal subaguda (SARA). As medições foram feitas usando bolus com sensores projetados para monitorar a saúde das vacas. A atividade motora, o fator de pH e a temperatura ruminal de 10 vacas foram medidos durante 10 dias em intervalos de medição de 60 segundos. A seguir, os pesquisadores calcularam os valores médios das leituras obtidas, que foram divididos em 2 grupos de acordo com um intervalo de medição a cada 12 horas. A temperatura retal foi medida com um termômetro veterinário a cada 12 horas (às 8h e às 20h). Como resultado, foram obtidas 200 medições. As estatísticas de amostragem descritiva foram calculadas usando o programa SPSS Statistics. Um aumento na atividade motora reduz o nível de pH do ambiente ruminal. A redução do fator de pH do ambiente ruminal leva a um aumento da temperatura ruminal. Existe uma correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa entre a temperatura ruminal e retal. A nosologia com SARA pode ser prevista medindo a atividade motora e a temperatura retal de vacas leiteiras.(AU)

Evaluation of mean gray values of a cat with chronic renal failure: case report / [Avaliação dos valores médios de cinza em um gato com insuficiência renal crônica: relato de caso]

In this case, a 12-year-old female domestic cat with chronic renal failure (CRF), which had lived longer than the mean survival time for cats with that condition, was monitored to evaluate the effects of treatment and mean gray value (MGV) changes. The cat has lived for nearly four years since the diagnosis. Probiotics have been used as an additional, classical supportive therapy since the beginning of treatment. The temporal changes in renal MGV were statistically evaluated in the last year of the four-year period. The cat had a comfortable existence and good body condition all her life and probiotic therapy may have had a positive influence post-CRF diagnosis. Ultrasonography (US) examination is a commonly used tool for monitoring the CRF situation, but it is not particularly sensitive. Therefore, MGV may be more useful for the quantitative evaluation of the extent of renal failure. Also, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for a long-term clinical evaluation of MGV in a cat with CRF. The aim of this case report was the evaluation of the relationship between MGV and clinical and biochemical changes in a cat with chronic renal failure.(AU)

No presente caso, uma gata doméstica de 12 anos com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC), que viveu mais do que o tempo médio de sobrevivência para gatos nessa condição, foi monitorada para avaliar os efeitos do tratamento e as alterações do valor cinza médio (MGV). A gata viveu quase quatro anos desde o diagnóstico. Os probióticos têm sido usados como uma terapia de suporte clássica adicional desde o início do tratamento. As alterações temporais do MGV renal foram avaliadas estatisticamente no último ano do período de quatro anos. A gata teve uma existência confortável e boas condições corporais durante toda a vida e a terapia com probióticos pode ter tido uma influência positiva após o diagnóstico de IRC. O exame de ultrassonografia (US) é uma ferramenta comumente usada para monitorar a situação da IRC, mas não é particularmente sensível. Portanto, o MGV pode ser mais útil para a avaliação quantitativa da extensão da insuficiência renal. Além disso, até onde se sabe, este é o primeiro relatório de uma avaliação clínica de longo prazo de MGV em um gato com IRC. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi avaliar a relação entre o MGV e as alterações clínicas e bioquímicas em um gato com insuficiência renal crônica.(AU)

Prevalence, risk factors and survival in dogs with myxomatous valve degeneration / [Prevalência, fatores de risco e sobrevivência em cães com degeneração mixomatosa valvar]

The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence, survival time, and risk factors of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs by a retrospective observational cohort study design of a Brazilian veterinary center, admitted from 2012 to 2018 (2.585 days). Considering the 105 dog files confirmed as MMVD, the prevalence of the disease was higher in small-breed dogs with ages from 10 to 19 years (30.3%). The survival time of the dogs at B1 stage (1.854 ± 145 days) was higher than the B2 (1.508+209) and C/D (930 ± 209). Higher risks of death (hazard ratio) were detected in the presence of syncope (2.5), pulmonary crackling (2.0), dyspnea (1.9), and higher values of vertebral heart scale (1.7), radiographic left atrium dimension (1.8), the ACVIM staging (1.7), and the duration of QRS complex (1.05). The results achieved demonstrated higher prevalence of MMVD in old small-breed dogs, associated with longer survival time in the B1 stage of the disease, and higher risk of death related to the presence of clinical signs, such as dyspnea, syncope, and pulmonary crackling, beyond some radiographic, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic variables of heart or atrial enlargement.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência, o tempo de sobrevivência e os fatores de risco da doença mixomatosa valvar mitral (DMVM) em cães, por meio de estudo de coorte observacional retrospectivo, os quais foram atendidos em um centro veterinário de 2012 a 2018 (2.585 dias). Considerando os 105 arquivos de cães com confirmação da DMVM, maior prevalência foi observada em raças pequenas com idades entre 10 e 19 anos (30,3%). O tempo de sobrevivência de cães em estágio B1 (1.854+145 dias) foi superior ao B2 (1.508+209) e ao C/D (930+209). Maior risco de morte (hazard ratio) foi observado na presença de síncope (2,5), crepitação pulmonar (2,0), dispneia (1,9), bem como de valores superiores de VHS (1,7), dimensão radiográfica do átrio esquerdo (1,8), estadiamento ACVIM (1,7) e duração do complexo QRS (1,05). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram maior prevalência de DMVM em cães idosos de raças pequenas, associada a maior tempo de sobrevida no estágio B1 da doença e a maior risco de morte relacionado à presença de sinais clínicos como dispneia, síncope e crepitação pulmonar, além de algumas variáveis radiográficas, ecocardiográficas e eletrocardiográficas de cardiomegalia ou aumento atrial esquerdo.(AU)

Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in dogs diagnosed with cutaneous lymphoma / [Níveis séricos do receptor solúvel de interleucina-2 (sIL-2R) e antígeno do câncer 125 (CA 125) em cães diagnosticados com linfoma cutâneo]

Marcadores sorológicos são rotineiramente utilizados na prática clínica para o estadiamento de linfomas e para a determinação de seu prognóstico em humanos. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre sua utilização em cães, mesmo os linfomas sendo neoplasias com alta prevalência nessa espécie. No presente estudo, as concentrações séricas do receptor solúvel de interleucina-2 (sIL-2R) e do antígeno do câncer 125 (CA 125) foram mensurados em 10 cães saudáveis e em 15 cães com linfoma cutâneo, utilizando-se o kit ELISA canino e a leitura em um Stat Fax modelo 2100 (sIL-2R), bem como o kit ELISA humano e a leitura pelo ELISYS UNO humano (CA 125). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) nas concentrações dos marcadores entre os grupos. Além disso, os resultados não apontaram significância clínica no estadiamento tumoral e estabelecimento do prognóstico em cães diagnosticados com linfoma cutâneo.(AU)

Determination of the reference interval of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and its efficiency, CRP and albumin as prognostic markers in dogs / Determinação do intervalo de referência e da eficiência da relação proteína C-reativa/albumina, PCR e albumina como marcadores prognósticos em cães

The objective of this research was to creates a reference interval for C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) in the canine species and to analyze the potential of CRP, albumin and the relationship between both, to serve as indicators of disease severity, length of hospital stay (LoS) and mortality in this species. For this, an outcome study was conducted in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in southern Brazil. One hundred ninety dogs were included randomly, without distinction of gender, age, or breed, from June 2013 to November 2016. Plasma was collected from them and analyzed for assessment of CRP and albumin. The reference range stipulated for CAR in dogs was 0.36-0.60, as determined by the confidence interval of mean resamplings (in percentiles). The frequencies mean, and standard deviations of the variables, correlation analysis, and comparative analysis (Kruskal-Wallis in α = 5%) were calculated. Elevation (above reference) of CAR was determined to be proportional to the severity of the underlying disease, and CRP means were reasonable. Besides, hypoalbuminemia was indicative of systemic disease, but not of severity. Thus, CAR was a better marker of disease severity than were CRP and albumin, analyzed separately. Concerning LoS, there was a positive correlation with CAR (p<0.01) in patients, and the same was not observed with CRP and albumin. Concerning mortality, hypoalbuminemia was the only marker valid in animals with a critical illness (p=0.04). In conclusion, CAR is a better marker of disease severity and LoS in dogs than are CRP and albumin analyzed separately.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar um intervalo de referência para a relação proteína C reativa (PCR)/albumina (R:PCR/ALB) na espécie canina e analisar o potencial de PCR, albumina e a relação entre ambas como indicadores de gravidade de doença, tempo de internação (TI) e mortalidade nesta espécie. Para isso, um estudo foi realizado em um Hospital Veterinário Escola no sul do Brasil. Cento e noventa cães foram incluídos aleatoriamente, sem distinção de sexo, idade ou raça, de junho de 2013 a novembro de 2016. O plasma foi coletado e analisado para avaliação da PCR e albumina. O intervalo de referência estipulado para o R:PCR/ALB em cães foi de 0,36-0,60, conforme determinado pelo intervalo de confiança da média das reamostragens (em percentis). Foram calculadas as frequências, médias e desvios-padrões das variáveis, análises de correlação e análises comparativas (Kruskal-Wallis em α = 5%). Notou-se elevação (acima da referência) da R:PCR/ALB proporcional à gravidade da doença de base, sendo normais as médias da PCR. Adicionalmente, a hipoalbuminemia foi indicadora de doença sistêmica, mas, não de gravidade. Dessa forma, a R:PCR/ALB foi melhor indicadora de gravidade de doença do que a PCR e albumina, analisadas separadamente. Em relação ao TI, houve correlação positiva com a R:PCR/ALB (p<0,01) em doentes, não sendo observado o mesmo com a PCR e albumina. Em relação à mortalidade, a hipoalbuminemia foi a única marcadora válida em animais com doenças críticas (p=0,04). Conclui-se, portanto, que a R:PCR/ALB é melhor marcadora de gravidade de doença e TI em cães do que a PCR e albumina analisadas separadamente.(AU)

Determination of the reference interval of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and its efficiency, CRP and albumin as prognostic markers in dogs / Determinação do intervalo de referência e da eficiência da relação proteína C-reativa/albumina, PCR e albumina como marcadores prognósticos em cães

The objective of this research was to creates a reference interval for C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) in the canine species and to analyze the potential of CRP, albumin and the relationship between both, to serve as indicators of disease severity, length of hospital stay (LoS) and mortality in this species. For this, an outcome study was conducted in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in southern Brazil. One hundred ninety dogs were included randomly, without distinction of gender, age, or breed, from June 2013 to November 2016. Plasma was collected from them and analyzed for assessment of CRP and albumin. The reference range stipulated for CAR in dogs was 0.36-0.60, as determined by the confidence interval of mean resamplings (in percentiles). The frequencies mean, and standard deviations of the variables, correlation analysis, and comparative analysis (Kruskal-Wallis in α = 5%) were calculated. Elevation (above reference) of CAR was determined to be proportional to the severity of the underlying disease, and CRP means were reasonable. Besides, hypoalbuminemia was indicative of systemic disease, but not of severity. Thus, CAR was a better marker of disease severity than were CRP and albumin, analyzed separately. Concerning LoS, there was a positive correlation with CAR (p<0.01) in patients, and the same was not observed with CRP and albumin. Concerning mortality, hypoalbuminemia was the only marker valid in animals with a critical illness (p=0.04). In conclusion, CAR is a better marker of disease severity and LoS in dogs than are CRP and albumin analyzed separately.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar um intervalo de referência para a relação proteína C reativa (PCR)/albumina (R:PCR/ALB) na espécie canina e analisar o potencial de PCR, albumina e a relação entre ambas como indicadores de gravidade de doença, tempo de internação (TI) e mortalidade nesta espécie. Para isso, um estudo foi realizado em um Hospital Veterinário Escola no sul do Brasil. Cento e noventa cães foram incluídos aleatoriamente, sem distinção de sexo, idade ou raça, de junho de 2013 a novembro de 2016. O plasma foi coletado e analisado para avaliação da PCR e albumina. O intervalo de referência estipulado para o R:PCR/ALB em cães foi de 0,36-0,60, conforme determinado pelo intervalo de confiança da média das reamostragens (em percentis). Foram calculadas as frequências, médias e desvios-padrões das variáveis, análises de correlação e análises comparativas (Kruskal-Wallis em α = 5%). Notou-se elevação (acima da referência) da R:PCR/ALB proporcional à gravidade da doença de base, sendo normais as médias da PCR. Adicionalmente, a hipoalbuminemia foi indicadora de doença sistêmica, mas, não de gravidade. Dessa forma, a R:PCR/ALB foi melhor indicadora de gravidade de doença do que a PCR e albumina, analisadas separadamente. Em relação ao TI, houve correlação positiva com a R:PCR/ALB (p<0,01) em doentes, não sendo observado o mesmo com a PCR e albumina. Em relação à mortalidade, a hipoalbuminemia foi a única marcadora válida em animais com doenças críticas (p=0,04). Conclui-se, portanto, que a R:PCR/ALB é melhor marcadora de gravidade de doença e TI em cães do que a PCR e albumina analisadas separadamente.(AU)

Clinical and ultrasonographic aspects of benign and malignant mammary tumors in female dogs

Background: Mammary neoplasms in dogs are commonly observed in veterinary clinical routine, most of which beingmalignant. Hormonal stimulation, endogenous or exogenous, may possibly influence its development. In addition to clinicalevaluation, ultrasound analysis can provide information about the characteristics of breast lumps. The association betweenclinical-epidemiological and pathological data is important for diagnosis. Therefore, given the importance of this pathologyfor the health of affected dogs, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and ultrasound alterations, along with the factors associated with the development of benign and malignant mammary neoplasms in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: We examined 47 samples from the mammary tumors of 35 female dogs at the Small Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the Santa Cruz State University (UESC). The dogs underwent a completeclinical examination, with clinical staging, via TNM classification, followed by hematological, biochemical, radiologicaland ultrasound, abdominal, and breast exams. Breast ultrasound examination was used to evaluate the shape parameterssuch as, limits, margins or contour, ecotexture, echogenicity, hyperechoic halo, posterior acoustic shading, surroundingchanges, and nodule components. These criteria were associated with the histopathological classification of neoplasms.Epidemiological data was studied through an adapted questionnaire containing information on risk factors associated withbreast cancer. The same questionnaire was applied to tutors of 19, age-matched, female dogs with no history of breastcancer. The results revealed that most female dogs with neoplasia were over eight years of age, with no specific breed andwere not castrated, and 31.4% of them had already been administered with contraceptives during the reproductive period...

PPARG expression in colorectal cancer and its association with staging and clinical evolution

Purpose To evaluate the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma (PPARG) in colorectal tumors and to correlate this data with clinical variables of the patients. Methods We analyzed the gene expression of PPARG in 50 samples of colorectal tumors using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 20 adjacent normal tissue samples as control. The results of these quantifications were correlated with the respective patients medical records clinical information. Results PPARG expression was not different in the tumor tissue compared to the control tissue. Patients older than 60 years, histological type with mucinous differentiation, more advanced staging at the time of diagnosis, and patients who evolved with recurrence of the disease or death did not present higher PPARG expression. Conclusion Expression of PPARGD was not associated with worse prognosis.(AU)

Clinical and ultrasonographic aspects of benign and malignant mammary tumors in female dogs

Background: Mammary neoplasms in dogs are commonly observed in veterinary clinical routine, most of which beingmalignant. Hormonal stimulation, endogenous or exogenous, may possibly influence its development. In addition to clinicalevaluation, ultrasound analysis can provide information about the characteristics of breast lumps. The association betweenclinical-epidemiological and pathological data is important for diagnosis. Therefore, given the importance of this pathologyfor the health of affected dogs, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and ultrasound alterations, along with the factors associated with the development of benign and malignant mammary neoplasms in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: We examined 47 samples from the mammary tumors of 35 female dogs at the Small Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the Santa Cruz State University (UESC). The dogs underwent a completeclinical examination, with clinical staging, via TNM classification, followed by hematological, biochemical, radiologicaland ultrasound, abdominal, and breast exams. Breast ultrasound examination was used to evaluate the shape parameterssuch as, limits, margins or contour, ecotexture, echogenicity, hyperechoic halo, posterior acoustic shading, surroundingchanges, and nodule components. These criteria were associated with the histopathological classification of neoplasms.Epidemiological data was studied through an adapted questionnaire containing information on risk factors associated withbreast cancer. The same questionnaire was applied to tutors of 19, age-matched, female dogs with no history of breastcancer. The results revealed that most female dogs with neoplasia were over eight years of age, with no specific breed andwere not castrated, and 31.4% of them had already been administered with contraceptives during the reproductive period...(AU)

Avaliação da concentração do lactato desidrogenase em cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias / Evaluation of the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase in bitches with mammary gland tumor

The increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity is associated with hypoxia due to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and high metabolic demands. Few studies have evaluated the LDH concentration in canine mammary tumor (CMT). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate serum LDH concentrations in CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work and were divided equally into two groups, with and without CMT. The average concentration of LDH was significantly higher in CMT (424.9±244.4U / L) compared to the control group (299.0±170.3 U / L) and its values were positively correlated with inflammation and / or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.6), tumor size (r=0.5), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.7) and clinical stage (r=0.5).

Concentração sérica da proteína C reativa (PCR) em cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias / Serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in bitches whit mammary gland tumor

There is strong evidence that inflammation plays a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis. In human medicine, C-reactive protein (CRP) is frequently used in tests for neoplastic biomarkers, however, few studies are available on the serum concentration of CRP in cases of canine mammary tumors (CMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of CRP in bitches with CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work, which were equally divided into two groups, with and without CMT. Bitches with CMT have higher concentrations of CRP (4.0±1.9mg/L) compared to the control group (1.0±1.2mg/L) and their values were positively correlated with inflammation and/or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.4), tumor size (r=0.6), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.6) and clinical stage (r=0.8).

Concentração sérica da proteína C reativa (PCR) em cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias / Serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in bitches whit mammary gland tumor

There is strong evidence that inflammation plays a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis. In human medicine, C-reactive protein (CRP) is frequently used in tests for neoplastic biomarkers, however, few studies are available on the serum concentration of CRP in cases of canine mammary tumors (CMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of CRP in bitches with CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work, which were equally divided into two groups, with and without CMT. Bitches with CMT have higher concentrations of CRP (4.0±1.9mg/L) compared to the control group (1.0±1.2mg/L) and their values were positively correlated with inflammation and/or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.4), tumor size (r=0.6), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.6) and clinical stage (r=0.8).(AU)

Avaliação da concentração do lactato desidrogenase em cadelas portadoras de neoplasias mamárias / Evaluation of the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase in bitches with mammary gland tumor

The increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity is associated with hypoxia due to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and high metabolic demands. Few studies have evaluated the LDH concentration in canine mammary tumor (CMT). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate serum LDH concentrations in CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work and were divided equally into two groups, with and without CMT. The average concentration of LDH was significantly higher in CMT (424.9±244.4U / L) compared to the control group (299.0±170.3 U / L) and its values were positively correlated with inflammation and / or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.6), tumor size (r=0.5), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.7) and clinical stage (r=0.5).(AU)

Evaluation of hemostasis in female dogs with mammary carcinoma and the influence of clinical stage and histopathological grade

Background: Mammary tumors are frequent in female dogs, and are biologically similar in female dogs and humans.Hemostatic disorders are common in humans with cancer, and the mechanisms that conduct coagulation activation involvetissue and cancer procoagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. Despite the importance of coagulopathy diagnosis thatevaluate hemostasis, veterinarians rarely request such tests in routine clinical oncology. This study aimed to investigate thepossible hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary carcinomas and assess any associations with prognosticfactors for mammary cancer in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 62 female dogs were selected for inclusion in this study regardless of age or breed.The control group consisted of 30 healthy dogs, and the carcinoma group consisted of 32 dogs with a histopathologicaldiagnosis of mammary carcinoma that was free of distant metastases and comorbidities that could interfere with the hemostatic system integrity. The dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into subgroups according to their histologicaltype, histopathological grading, tumor size, and clinical stage of the disease (TNM) to evaluate the relationships betweenthe subgroups and hemostatic parameters (blood platelet counts, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastintime [aPTT], and plasma fibrinogen concentration). The hemostatic parameters were significantly higher in the carcinomagroup than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a strong association between the occurrenceof mammary carcinoma and abnormal hemostatic parameters...

Evaluation of hemostasis in female dogs with mammary carcinoma and the influence of clinical stage and histopathological grade

Background: Mammary tumors are frequent in female dogs, and are biologically similar in female dogs and humans.Hemostatic disorders are common in humans with cancer, and the mechanisms that conduct coagulation activation involvetissue and cancer procoagulant factors and inflammatory cytokines. Despite the importance of coagulopathy diagnosis thatevaluate hemostasis, veterinarians rarely request such tests in routine clinical oncology. This study aimed to investigate thepossible hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary carcinomas and assess any associations with prognosticfactors for mammary cancer in female dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 62 female dogs were selected for inclusion in this study regardless of age or breed.The control group consisted of 30 healthy dogs, and the carcinoma group consisted of 32 dogs with a histopathologicaldiagnosis of mammary carcinoma that was free of distant metastases and comorbidities that could interfere with the hemostatic system integrity. The dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into subgroups according to their histologicaltype, histopathological grading, tumor size, and clinical stage of the disease (TNM) to evaluate the relationships betweenthe subgroups and hemostatic parameters (blood platelet counts, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastintime [aPTT], and plasma fibrinogen concentration). The hemostatic parameters were significantly higher in the carcinomagroup than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is a strong association between the occurrenceof mammary carcinoma and abnormal hemostatic parameters...(AU)

Comparison of the prognostic value of platelet-based prognostic models in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after TACE therapy

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of 17 platelet-based prognostic scores in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after TACE therapy. Methods: In total, 92 patients were divided into death group and survival group according to long-term follow-up results. The AUC was calculated to determine the optimal cut-off values for predicting prognosis. To determine better prognostic models, platelet-based models were analyzed separately after being showed as binary according to cut-off values. Cumulative survival rates of malignant hepatic tumors were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves and differences were analyzed by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify platelet-based prognostic scores associated with overall survival. Results: Univariate analysis showed that APGA, APRI, FIB-4, FibroQ, GUCI, Kings score, Lok index, PAPAS, cirrhosis, number of tumors, vascular cancer embolus, AFP, ALP and APTT were significantly related to prognosis. A multivariate analysis showed that the APGA, number of tumors, ALP and APTT were independently associated with overall survival. Conclusion: This study showed that the APGA, a platelet-based prognostic score, was an independent marker of prognosis in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after TACE and was superior to the other platelet-based prognostic scores in terms of prognostic ability.(AU)

Relationship between serum MMP-9 level and prognosis after radical resection for Hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients

Purpose: To analyze the preoperative serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) undergoing radical resection. Methods: Preoperative serum MMP-9 levels in patients with HC undergoing radical resection were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ROC curve assay was used to analyze the preoperative serum MMP-9 level to determine the most valuable cut-off point. The relationship between MMP-9 and clinicopathological features of HC patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognostic factors, and COX regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting prognosis. Results: Preoperative serum MMP-9 levels were significantly elevated in the death patients compared with the survival patients. The most valuable cut-off point for preoperative serum MMP-9 for prognosis was 201.93 ng/mL. Preoperative serum MMP-9 was associated with Bismuth-Corlette classification) and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that MMP-9, Bismuth-Corlette classification, Lymph node metastasis, Portal vein invasion, Hepatic artery invasion, Liver invasion, Incised margin, and Preoperative biliary drainage were related to prognosis. Cox regression model confirmed that hepatic artery invasion, liver invasion, incised margin, and MMP-9 have the potential to independence predicate prognosis in HC patients. Conclusion: Preoperative serum MMP-9 has high predictive value for prognosis and is an independent influencing factor for the prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.(AU)

Immunohistochemical expression of Galectin-3 in canine tumors

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a protein expressed by both normal and neoplastic cells. It participates in several biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. Although it is known to serve as a valuable prognostic marker in several types of human cancer, there are few reports about its applicability as a marker in the veterinary oncology literature. The aim of the present study was to characterize Gal-3 expression in different types of canine tumors. Fifty-three tissue samples from 22 histologically different types of canine tumors were immunohistochemically evaluated for Gal-3 expression. Variations in the percentage of Gal-3-positive cells, localization of Gal-3 protein, and percentage of Gal-3-positive fibroblasts were observed. These preliminary results showed variable expression of Gal-3 among canine tumors. Further studies are needed in order to investigate the potential of this protein as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target.