Copper sulfate and arginine supplements on performance, thyroid hormones and blood biochemistry of broilers fed with canola meal-based diets / Avaliação da suplementação com sulfato de cobre e arginina sobre o desempenho, hormônios tireoidianos e bioquímica sanguínea de frangos alimentados com dietas à base de canola

The present evaluated the effects of copper sulfate solution (CSS) and arginine powder (Arg) supplements on performance, thyroid hormones and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens fed with canola meal (CM)-based diets. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3 × 3 factorial and 9 treatments, corresponding to 3 levels of CSS (0, 125 and 250 mg/kg) and 3 levels of Arg (0, 0.1 and 0.2%) (n = 45 per treatment). Feeds were offered ad libitum for 21 days, from 22 to 42 days of age. Feed efficiency was significantly affected by the dietary addition of 250 mg/kg CSS and 0.2% Arg, and by the CSS × Arg interaction. CM supplemented with CSS improved the thyroid gland status and increased the plasma levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Birds fed diets supplemented with 0.2% Arg had lower blood glucose level than the other treatments. The addition of 250 mg/kg CSS and 0.2% Arg reduced the stress caused by the rapid growth of broilers, also increasing the overall bird welfare.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com solução de sulfato de cobre (SSC) e arginina em pó (Arg) sobre o desempenho, hormônios tireoidianos e bioquímica sanguínea de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas à base de canola DC. O desenho experimental foi completamente casualizado com fatorial 3 × 3 e nove tratamentos correspondentes a três níveis de inclusão de SSC (0, 125 e 250 mg/kg) e três níveis de Arg (0, 0,1 e 0,2%) (n = 45 para cada tratamento). As rações foram oferecidas ad libitum por 21 dias, de 22 até 42 dias de idade. A eficiência alimentar foi significativamente afetada pela adição de 250 mg/kg de SSC e 0,2% de Arg, assim como pela interação SSC × Arg. A suplementação da DC com SSC melhorou os parâmetros da glândula tireoide e aumentou os níveis plasmáticos de triiodotironina e tiroxina. As aves alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com 0,2% de Arg apresentaram menor nível de glicose sanguínea do que as dos demais tratamentos. A adição de 250 mg/kg de SSC e 0,2% de Arg reduz o estresse causado pelo rápido crescimento dos frangos, além de melhorar as condições gerais de bem estar das aves.

Clinical, hematological, blood gasometric and electrolytic changes in dogs receiving whole blood transfusions

Blood transfusion is a tool capable of saving lives. Patients undergoing blood transfusion usually present several alterations in the acid-base and electrolyte balance, aggravating the condition of critically ill patients. Some studies have demonstrated haematological alterations in certain species that received whole blood transfusions, however, few studies have evaluated acid base and electrolyte changes in dogs undergoing whole blood haemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, hematological, blood gas and electrolyte changes in anemic dogs after whole blood transfusion. Twenty nine dogs transfused due to anemia were enrolled in the study. Donors blood was collected in a transfusion bag containing citrate phosphate adenine dextrose and stored up to 24 h. Blood collections and evaluations were made before and 24 h after the transfusion. Data distribution normality was tested by the Shapiro Wilk Test. The means of the variables were compared by paired t-test. It was observed an increase in diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate (P < 0.05). There was a not significant increase in systolic blood pressure, temperature, and a reduction in respiratory rate per minute. Erythrocyte, haemoglobin and haematocrit averages were significantly increased after blood transfusion (P < 0.05). It was observed a reduction in the mean values of pH (P < 0.05), potassium (P > 0.05) and ionized calcium (P > 0.05) and an increase in the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) (P < 0.001), bicarbonate (P > 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.05). The probable cause of anemia was monocytic ehrlichiosis (14/29), visceral leishmaniasis (1/29), babesiosis (1/29), co-infection of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum (2/29), co-infection of E. canis and Babesia vogeli (1/29). It was not possible to determine the etiology of the anemia in ten dogs. Heart rate significantly reduced after transfusion, probably because of the increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte values. It may be justified by the displacement of extravascular fluid to the intravascular space. Mean values of systolic blood pressure were slightly elevated before transfusion and remained elevated afterwards, while diastolic and mean arterial pressure increased significantly after transfusion. These changes may be due to the morbid condition and may be influenced by many other factors. Haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte values increased significantly after transfusion, according to what was observed in other studies. The significant reduction in pH and increase in pCO2 reflects the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis to increase ventilation, leading to pCO2 reduction and changes in pH. The reduction in pH due to the contact of the collected blood with conservative solutions is one of the main changes thar occurs during blood storage. It was described significantly lower pH in dogs' whole blood samples stored for more than 24 h in vacutainer plastic containing CPDA-1. We may assume there was no intense pH reduction in the present study because the bags were stored for up to 24 h. Although not statistically significant, the increase of pO2 mean reflects the improvement of tissue oxygen perfusion. It was observed a significant increase in sodium ions. The mean sodium ion concentration before transfusion was very close to the maximum reference value. Hyperkalaemia was not observed, nor was there significant reduction of potassium ions after transfusion. Several studies report hyperkalaemia and transfusion-associated cardiac arrests in humans, associated with infusion of large volumes of blood. Whole blood transfusion increased erythrogram values and did not negatively affect the electrolyte or acid-base status, representing a safe and useful tool in the intensive care of small animals.(AU)

Plasma metabolite changes in anestrous dairy cows with negative energy balance identified using 1H NMR technology / [Alterações do metabólito plasmático em vacas leiteiras com balanço energético negativo identificado usando a tecnologia 1H NMR]

The objective of the present study was to investigate the different plasma metabolites between anestrus and estrus postpartum dairy cows and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention of anestrus in dairy farm cows. In the experiment, one hundred and sixty-seven Holstein dairy cows were selected with similar age and parity. According to the concentration of ß-hydroxybutyric acid, non-esterified fatty acids and glucose in plasma during 14 to 21 days in milk, all dairy cows were determined as having a status of energy balance. According to the results of clinical symptom, rectal and B ultrasound examination at 60 to 90 days postpartum, these cows were divided into twenty estrus and twenty-four anestrus group, other dairy cows were removed. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance technology was utilized to detect the plasma metabolites changes and screen different plasma metabolites between anestrus and estrus cows. Ten different metabolites including alanine, glutamic acid, asparagine, creatine, choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased in anestrous cows compared with estrous cows. Metabolic pathway analyses indicated that differential metabolites were primarily involved in amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. These metabolites and their enrichment pathways indicate that reduced steroid hormone synthesis precursors result in lower levels of estradiol and progesterone and cause anestrus in negative energy balance. These data provide a better understanding of the changes that may affect estrus of postpartum dairy cows at NEB status and lay the ground for further research.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os diferentes metabolitos do plasma entre o cio e o cio pós-parto de vacas leiteiras e fornecer uma base teórica para a prevenção do cio de vacas em fazendas de leite. No experimento, foram selecionadas 127 vacas leiteiras Holstein com idade e paridade similares. De acordo com a concentração de ß- ácido hidroxibutírico, ácidos graxos não esterificados e glicose no plasma entre 14 e 21 dias no leite, todas as vacas leiteiras foram determinadas em estado de equilíbrio energético. De acordo com os resultados dos sintomas clínicos, do exame de ultra-som retal e B aos 60 a 90 dias pós-parto, estas vacas foram divididas em vinte cios e vinte e quatro grupos de cio, outras vacas leiteiras foram removidas. A tecnologia de ressonância magnética nuclear 1H foi utilizada para detectar as alterações dos metabólitos plasmáticos e para triar diferentes metabólitos plasmáticos entre as vacas do cio e do cio. Dez diferentes metabólitos incluindo alanina, ácido glutâmico, asparagina, creatina, colina, fosfocholina, glicerofosfocolina, lipoproteína de baixa densidade e lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade foram significativamente diminuídos nas vacas antróficas em comparação com as vacas estro. As análises da via metabólica indicaram que os metabólitos diferenciais estavam principalmente envolvidos no metabolismo de aminoácidos e glicerofosfolipídios. Estes metabólitos e suas vias de enriquecimento indicam que a redução dos precursores da síntese de hormônios esteróides resulta em níveis mais baixos de estradiol e progesterona e causa anestros no balanço energético negativo. Estes dados fornecem uma melhor compreensão das mudanças que podem afetar o cio das vacas leiteiras pós-parto no estado de NEB e preparam o terreno para mais pesquisas.(AU)

Identifying hydric, electrolytic and acid-base imbalances through traditional and quantitative approaches in dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis / Identificação de desequilíbrios hídricos, eletrolíticos e ácido-base pelas abordagens tradicional e quantitativa em cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica

Vomiting and diarrhea are two important clinical signs that can cause significant electrolytic and acid-base imbalances. The purposes of this study were to characterize hydric, electrolytic and acid-base disorders presented by puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and to compare the traditional and quantitative approaches to acid-base status interpretation. Sixty-one animals with a history of vomiting and/or diarrhea were used in this study and the following tests were performed: complete blood count, total plasma protein concentration and hemogasometry. Mean, standard deviation and Kappa values were calculated. The imbalances characterized by both approaches were: 42 (69%) animals without imbalance, 17 (28%) with metabolic alkalosis and 2 (3%) with metabolic acidosis by the traditional approach and 17 (28%) dogs without imbalance, 26 (43%) with metabolic alkalosis and 18 (29%) with metabolic acidosis by the quantitative approach. The agreement calculated between two approaches coincide in 28 cases, with a moderate Kappa value equivalent to 0.459. The most found imbalances were metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and mild dehydration. Most of acid-base disturbances were not identified by the traditional approach, whereas by the quantitative approach, they were easily determined. Thus quantitative approach proved to be superior in identification of possible acid-base imbalances.(AU)

Vômito e diarreia são dois sinais clínicos importantes, que podem causar desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e ácido-base importantes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar os desequilíbrios hídrico, eletrolítico e ácido-base apresentados por filhotes de cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica e comparar as abordagens de interpretação do equilíbrio ácido-base tradicional e quantitativa. Sessenta e um animais com histórico de vômito e/ou diarreia foram utilizados neste estudo, e os seguintes testes foram realizados: hemograma, concentração de proteína total plasmática e hemogasometria. Média, desvio-padrão e valor de Kappa foram calculados. Os desequilíbrios caracterizados pelas duas abordagens foram: 42 (69%) animais sem desequilíbrio, 17 (28%) com alcalose metabólica e dois (3%) com acidose metabólica, pela abordagem tradicional, e 17 (28%) cães sem desequilíbrio, 26 (43%) com alcalose metabólica e 18 (29%) com acidose metabólica, pela abordagem quantitativa. A concordância calculada entre as duas abordagens coincidiu em 28 casos, com um valor de Kappa moderado, equivalente a 0,459. Os desequilíbrios mais encontrados foram alcalose metabólica, hipocalemia e desidratação leve. A maioria dos distúrbios não foram identificados pela abordagem tradicional, enquanto, pela abordagem quantitativa, foram facilmente determinados. Portanto, a abordagem quantitativa provou-se superior na identificação de possíveis desequilíbrios ácido-base.(AU)

Identifying hydric, electrolytic and acid-base imbalances through traditional and quantitative approaches in dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis / Identificação de desequilíbrios hídricos, eletrolíticos e ácido-base pelas abordagens tradicional e quantitativa em cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica

Vomiting and diarrhea are two important clinical signs that can cause significant electrolytic and acid-base imbalances. The purposes of this study were to characterize hydric, electrolytic and acid-base disorders presented by puppies with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and to compare the traditional and quantitative approaches to acid-base status interpretation. Sixty-one animals with a history of vomiting and/or diarrhea were used in this study and the following tests were performed: complete blood count, total plasma protein concentration and hemogasometry. Mean, standard deviation and Kappa values were calculated. The imbalances characterized by both approaches were: 42 (69%) animals without imbalance, 17 (28%) with metabolic alkalosis and 2 (3%) with metabolic acidosis by the traditional approach and 17 (28%) dogs without imbalance, 26 (43%) with metabolic alkalosis and 18 (29%) with metabolic acidosis by the quantitative approach. The agreement calculated between two approaches coincide in 28 cases, with a moderate Kappa value equivalent to 0.459. The most found imbalances were metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and mild dehydration. Most of acid-base disturbances were not identified by the traditional approach, whereas by the quantitative approach, they were easily determined. Thus quantitative approach proved to be superior in identification of possible acid-base imbalances.(AU)

Vômito e diarreia são dois sinais clínicos importantes, que podem causar desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e ácido-base importantes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar os desequilíbrios hídrico, eletrolítico e ácido-base apresentados por filhotes de cães com gastroenterite hemorrágica e comparar as abordagens de interpretação do equilíbrio ácido-base tradicional e quantitativa. Sessenta e um animais com histórico de vômito e/ou diarreia foram utilizados neste estudo, e os seguintes testes foram realizados: hemograma, concentração de proteína total plasmática e hemogasometria. Média, desvio-padrão e valor de Kappa foram calculados. Os desequilíbrios caracterizados pelas duas abordagens foram: 42 (69%) animais sem desequilíbrio, 17 (28%) com alcalose metabólica e dois (3%) com acidose metabólica, pela abordagem tradicional, e 17 (28%) cães sem desequilíbrio, 26 (43%) com alcalose metabólica e 18 (29%) com acidose metabólica, pela abordagem quantitativa. A concordância calculada entre as duas abordagens coincidiu em 28 casos, com um valor de Kappa moderado, equivalente a 0,459. Os desequilíbrios mais encontrados foram alcalose metabólica, hipocalemia e desidratação leve. A maioria dos distúrbios não foram identificados pela abordagem tradicional, enquanto, pela abordagem quantitativa, foram facilmente determinados. Portanto, a abordagem quantitativa provou-se superior na identificação de possíveis desequilíbrios ácido-base.(AU)

Suplementação com óleos ricos em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados na dieta de leitões na fase de creche: efeitos no desempenho, na resposta inflamatória, no perfil lipídico e no "status" oxidativo / Supplementation with oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet of pigs in the nursery phase: effects on performance, inflammatory response, lipid profile and oxidative "status"

Nos sistemas de produção, os produtos naturais vêm se destacando na substituição a produtos sintéticos, dentre eles podemos ressaltar os óleos vegetais ricos em ácido graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA), que são conhecidos, popularmente, por seus efeitos benéficos. Dessa forma, o objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dos óleos de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) e girassol (Helianthus annus) sobre parâmetros fisiológicos em leitões na fase de creche. Foram utilizados 180 leitões alojados em granja comercial, distribuídos em três grupos (n=60) conforme suplementação alimentar: óleo de pequi, óleo de girassol e controle negativo. Amostras de sangue e o peso dos animais foram obtidos nos intervalos de quatro trocas de rações da fase de creche para avaliação do desempenho, da resposta inflamatória, do perfil lipídico e do "status" oxidativo. Os parâmetros fisiológicos mensurados demonstraram que os óleos interferiram positivamente na resposta inflamatória sistêmica, por meio dos leucócitos totais e da relação neutrófilo/linfócito (P<0,05); no equilíbrio oxidante-antioxidante, por mensuração de óxido nítrico e do malondialdeído (P<0,05); e no metabolismo lipídico, com a avaliação de colesterol total e triglicérides (P<0,05). Por outro lado, esses óleos vegetais interferiram no ganho de peso e no consumo de ração (P<0,05). Assim, concluí-se que a suplementação com óleos de pequi e girassol melhora a saúde dos animais, mas tem impacto negativo no desempenho zootécnico de leitões na fase de creche.(AU)

In production systems, natural products have been outstanding in replacing synthetic products, among them, we can highlight the vegetable oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are popularly known for their beneficial effects. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) oil supplementation on nursery physiological parameters. We used 180 piglets housed in a commercial farm, distributed in 3 groups (n=60) according to food supplementation: pequi oil, sunflower oil and negative control. Blood samples and animal weight were obtained at intervals of four nursery phase rations to evaluate performance, inflammatory response, lipid profile and oxidative status. The physiological parameters measured showed that the oils positively interfered in the systemic inflammatory response through total leukocytes and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05), in the oxidant-antioxidant balance by measuring nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (P<0.05). and lipid metabolism with the assessment of total cholesterol and triglycerides (P<0.05). On the other hand, these vegetable oils interfered with weight gain and feed intake (P<0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation with pequi and sunflower oils improves animal health, but has a negative impact on the piglet's performance in the nursery phase.(AU)

Suplementação com óleos ricos em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados na dieta de leitões na fase de creche: efeitos no desempenho, na resposta inflamatória, no perfil lipídico e no "status" oxidativo / Supplementation with oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet of pigs in the nursery phase: effects on performance, inflammatory response, lipid profile and oxidative "status"

Nos sistemas de produção, os produtos naturais vêm se destacando na substituição a produtos sintéticos, dentre eles podemos ressaltar os óleos vegetais ricos em ácido graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA), que são conhecidos, popularmente, por seus efeitos benéficos. Dessa forma, o objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dos óleos de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) e girassol (Helianthus annus) sobre parâmetros fisiológicos em leitões na fase de creche. Foram utilizados 180 leitões alojados em granja comercial, distribuídos em três grupos (n=60) conforme suplementação alimentar: óleo de pequi, óleo de girassol e controle negativo. Amostras de sangue e o peso dos animais foram obtidos nos intervalos de quatro trocas de rações da fase de creche para avaliação do desempenho, da resposta inflamatória, do perfil lipídico e do "status" oxidativo. Os parâmetros fisiológicos mensurados demonstraram que os óleos interferiram positivamente na resposta inflamatória sistêmica, por meio dos leucócitos totais e da relação neutrófilo/linfócito (P<0,05); no equilíbrio oxidante-antioxidante, por mensuração de óxido nítrico e do malondialdeído (P<0,05); e no metabolismo lipídico, com a avaliação de colesterol total e triglicérides (P<0,05). Por outro lado, esses óleos vegetais interferiram no ganho de peso e no consumo de ração (P<0,05). Assim, concluí-se que a suplementação com óleos de pequi e girassol melhora a saúde dos animais, mas tem impacto negativo no desempenho zootécnico de leitões na fase de creche.(AU)

In production systems, natural products have been outstanding in replacing synthetic products, among them, we can highlight the vegetable oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are popularly known for their beneficial effects. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) oil supplementation on nursery physiological parameters. We used 180 piglets housed in a commercial farm, distributed in 3 groups (n=60) according to food supplementation: pequi oil, sunflower oil and negative control. Blood samples and animal weight were obtained at intervals of four nursery phase rations to evaluate performance, inflammatory response, lipid profile and oxidative status. The physiological parameters measured showed that the oils positively interfered in the systemic inflammatory response through total leukocytes and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05), in the oxidant-antioxidant balance by measuring nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (P<0.05). and lipid metabolism with the assessment of total cholesterol and triglycerides (P<0.05). On the other hand, these vegetable oils interfered with weight gain and feed intake (P<0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation with pequi and sunflower oils improves animal health, but has a negative impact on the piglet's performance in the nursery phase.(AU)

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Full-Fat Canola Seeds on Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Antioxidant Status of Laying Japanese Quails

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different levels of full-fat canola seeds (FFCS) on productive performance, blood metabolites and antioxidant status of laying Japanese quails. A total of 360, 8-week-old quails were divided into a completely randomize design with 4 dietary experimental groups and three pens each, each pen containing 30hens. The experimental groups were fed iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets supplemented with FFCS at levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg diet. The experiment lasted 16 weeks. All supplemented groups showed significant effects in the final body weight (g), hen feed consumption (g/hen/day), egg mass (g egg/hen/day) and hen-day egg production (%). However, egg weight (g) at 8-12 weeks of age reduced significantly. Moreover, feed conversion ratio (g feed/g egg), did not alter among groups. Egg quality criteria were not affected by FFCS supplementationexcept for the egg shape index which decreased significantly at 10 and 15% FFCS groups. Serum total protein, albumen, uric acid, creatinine, hepatic enzyme activities, triiodothyronine, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterolconcentrations were not altered. However, serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol showed significant reduction in all treated groups. Furthermore, serum glutathione peroxidase level was greatly influencedin supplemented groups, while malondialdehyde level reduced significantly. In conclusion, FFCS inclusion in Laying Japanese quail diets up to 15% enhanced the laying performance, blood lipids profile and anti-oxidative status. Thus, it can be regarded as alternative sources of energy and protein in poultry rations.(AU)

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Full-Fat Canola Seeds on Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Antioxidant Status of Laying Japanese Quails

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different levels of full-fat canola seeds (FFCS) on productive performance, blood metabolites and antioxidant status of laying Japanese quails. A total of 360, 8-week-old quails were divided into a completely randomize design with 4 dietary experimental groups and three pens each, each pen containing 30hens. The experimental groups were fed iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets supplemented with FFCS at levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg diet. The experiment lasted 16 weeks. All supplemented groups showed significant effects in the final body weight (g), hen feed consumption (g/hen/day), egg mass (g egg/hen/day) and hen-day egg production (%). However, egg weight (g) at 8-12 weeks of age reduced significantly. Moreover, feed conversion ratio (g feed/g egg), did not alter among groups. Egg quality criteria were not affected by FFCS supplementationexcept for the egg shape index which decreased significantly at 10 and 15% FFCS groups. Serum total protein, albumen, uric acid, creatinine, hepatic enzyme activities, triiodothyronine, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterolconcentrations were not altered. However, serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol showed significant reduction in all treated groups. Furthermore, serum glutathione peroxidase level was greatly influencedin supplemented groups, while malondialdehyde level reduced significantly. In conclusion, FFCS inclusion in Laying Japanese quail diets up to 15% enhanced the laying performance, blood lipids profile and anti-oxidative status. Thus, it can be regarded as alternative sources of energy and protein in poultry rations.

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico sérico de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) de vida livre nos biomas Mata Atlântica e Caatinga / Hematological and serum biochemical profile of free-living capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes

Devido à ausência de estudos sobre capivaras na região Nordeste do Brasil, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sanidade desses roedores de vida livre em três áreas dos biomas Mata Atlântica (2) e Caatinga (1) do estado de Pernambuco, por meio da determinação de parâmetros da hematologia e bioquímica sérica. De novembro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017, foram capturados 21 animais, dos quais foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação hematológica (eritrograma, leucograma e plaquetometria) e bioquímica sérica (atividade enzimática, perfil proteico, energético e mineral). A maioria dos parâmetros esteve dentro dos valores de normalidade para a espécie, embora alguns apresentassem diferenças estatisticamente significativas de acordo com a área de estudo (hemoglobina, hematócrito, VCM, CHCM, eosinófilos, fosfatase alcalina, proteína total, albumina, ácido úrico, creatinina, lactato, sódio e magnésio) e o sexo dos animais (ácido úrico). Os parâmetros obtidos são apresentados como referência e atestam a sanidade e o bom estado nutricional de populações de capivaras nos biomas Mata Atlântica e Caatinga da região Nordeste do Brasil. As informações aportadas neste estudo pioneiro na região Nordeste contribuem para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a ecofisiologia e a conservação in situ de capivaras.(AU)

Due to the lack of studies about capybaras in the northeast region of Brazil, the objective of this study was to evaluate the health status of free-ranging capybaras in three areas of Atlantic Forest (2) and Caatinga (1) biomes in Pernambuco state, through the determination of hematological and serum biochemical parameters. From November 2016 to December 2017, 21 animals were captured and blood samples were collected for the hematological (erythrogram, leukogram and platelet counts) and serum biochemistry (enzymatic activity, protein, energy and mineral profile) evaluation. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were within the normal range for the species, but some presented statistically significant variations according to the study area (hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, eosinophils count, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, lactate, sodium and magnesium) and sex of the animals (uric acid). The parameters obtained are presented as reference and attest to the health and good nutritional status of populations of capybaras in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes of northeastern Brazil. The information provided in this pioneering study in the northeast region contributes to increased knowledge about the ecophysiology and in situ conservation of capybaras.(AU)

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico sérico de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) de vida livre nos biomas Mata Atlântica e Caatinga / Hematological and serum biochemical profile of free-living capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes

Devido à ausência de estudos sobre capivaras na região Nordeste do Brasil, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sanidade desses roedores de vida livre em três áreas dos biomas Mata Atlântica (2) e Caatinga (1) do estado de Pernambuco, por meio da determinação de parâmetros da hematologia e bioquímica sérica. De novembro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017, foram capturados 21 animais, dos quais foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação hematológica (eritrograma, leucograma e plaquetometria) e bioquímica sérica (atividade enzimática, perfil proteico, energético e mineral). A maioria dos parâmetros esteve dentro dos valores de normalidade para a espécie, embora alguns apresentassem diferenças estatisticamente significativas de acordo com a área de estudo (hemoglobina, hematócrito, VCM, CHCM, eosinófilos, fosfatase alcalina, proteína total, albumina, ácido úrico, creatinina, lactato, sódio e magnésio) e o sexo dos animais (ácido úrico). Os parâmetros obtidos são apresentados como referência e atestam a sanidade e o bom estado nutricional de populações de capivaras nos biomas Mata Atlântica e Caatinga da região Nordeste do Brasil. As informações aportadas neste estudo pioneiro na região Nordeste contribuem para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a ecofisiologia e a conservação in situ de capivaras.(AU)

Due to the lack of studies about capybaras in the northeast region of Brazil, the objective of this study was to evaluate the health status of free-ranging capybaras in three areas of Atlantic Forest (2) and Caatinga (1) biomes in Pernambuco state, through the determination of hematological and serum biochemical parameters. From November 2016 to December 2017, 21 animals were captured and blood samples were collected for the hematological (erythrogram, leukogram and platelet counts) and serum biochemistry (enzymatic activity, protein, energy and mineral profile) evaluation. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were within the normal range for the species, but some presented statistically significant variations according to the study area (hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, eosinophils count, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, lactate, sodium and magnesium) and sex of the animals (uric acid). The parameters obtained are presented as reference and attest to the health and good nutritional status of populations of capybaras in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes of northeastern Brazil. The information provided in this pioneering study in the northeast region contributes to increased knowledge about the ecophysiology and in situ conservation of capybaras.(AU)

One-step laparoscopic abomasopexy versus abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa to treat left abomasal displacement in dairy cows

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to compare the clinical and metabolic results obtained by use of one-step laparoscopic abomasopexy and right paralumbar fossa abomasopexy for the treatment of left displaced abomasum in dairy cows. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly placed in two groups: G1, with 15 animals treated by one-step laparoscopic abomasopexy; and G2, with 15 animals treated by right paralumbar fossa ventral abomasopexy. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, base excess (BE), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) strong ion difference (SID), anion gap (AG), glucose, -hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured before (M0) and 24 (M1), 48 (M2) and 72 (M3) hours following surgery. Laparotomy was statistically faster than laparoscopy. Hypochloremia was observed only in G2 at M0. Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia were observed in both groups at M0, increasing after surgery. Metabolic alkalosis in both groups before surgery was characterized by high bicarbonate, pCO2, and BE, which decreased in subsequent time points, as well as blood pH. Glucose was statistically increased and NEFA and BHBA were statistically decreased in G2 compared to G1. In G1, NEFA and BHBA decreased significantly following surgery. Both surgical techniques restored abomasal flow and feed intake in both groups. Based in acid-base status, one-step laparoscopy showed no additional advantage in comparison with abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa.

RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou comparar as técnicas de abomasopexia por laparoscopia em um passo e abomasopexia por laparotomia pelo flanco direito, no tratamento do deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda (DAE) em vacas leiteiras quanto a recuperação clínica no pós-operatório, utilizando parâmetros clínicos, metabólicos e eletrolíticos. Trinta vacas Holandesas preto e brancas foram distribuídas de forma aleatória em dois grupos: G1 com 15 animais tratados pela técnica de abomasopexia em um passo; e G2, com 15 animais tratados pela abomasopexia por laparotomia pelo flanco direito. Foram mensuradas as concentrações séricas de sódio, potássio, cloro, bicarbonato, excesso de base (BE), pH sanguíneo, pressão parcial de gás carbônico (pCO2), diferença de íons fortes (SID), ânion gap AG), glicose, -hidroxibutirato (BHBA) e ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA). As variáveis foram mensuradas antes da operação e 24, 48 e 72 horas após operação. A laparotomia foi estatisticamente mais rápida do que a laparoscopia no tratamento do DAE. Hipocloremia foi observada somente nas vacas do G2 antes da cirurgia. Alcalose metabólica em ambos os grupos antes da operação foi caracterizada pelo aumento do bicarbonato, pCO2 e BE, os quais diminuíram significativamente nos momentos subsequentes, assim como o pH sanguíneo. A concentração de glicose apresentou aumento significativo no G2 em comparação ao G1, enquanto o BHBA e o NEFA estavam estatisticamente diminuídos. Ambas as técnicas restauraram o fluxo abomasal e o consumo de alimentos em ambos os grupos. Baseado no equilíbrio ácido-base, a técnica de laparoscopia não demonstrou vantagens sobre a técnica cirúrgica tradicional.

Different sources of sulfur in diets of adult cats on the urinary parameters and acid-base balance / Efeitos da adição de diferentes fontes de enxofre na dieta de gatos adultos em parâmetros urinários e equilíbrio ácido-básico

Urolithiasis is a common disorder in the veterinary clinic and is considered as one of the most frequently cause of morbidity. This disorder is closely associated with urinary pH and nutrition plays a key role in the control of this disease, because through dietary manipulation it is possible to modify the urinary pH. Sulfur is considered macroelement with a strong influence on the acid-base status and may be crucial to control urinary pH in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of addition of different sources of sulfur (S) in the diet of cats on the urinary parameters and acid-base balance. Forty-two healthy adult cats were divided into 3 groups, and each group of 14 cats received 7 diets in a complete randomized block design. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), DL-methionine (DLM) and methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) were added to a control diet in two levels (1.28g S/kg and 2.56g S/kg) to formulate 6 other experimental diets. The acid-base balance was evaluated by hemogasometry in samples of venous blood. The DLM at the highest level and MHA differed of the control diet in relation to urinary pH (P 0.05). Calcium sulfate; although, not differentiated from the control diet, has been shown to alter urinary pH despite its zero electrolyte balance. Apparently, the alkalizing effect of calcium was not sufficient to avoid sulfate acidification of the urine. Treatments showed no alteration of the acid-base balance of the animals and no affect the consumption of the diets.(AU)

A urolitíase é uma desordem comum na clínica veterinária, considerada como uma das maiores causas de morbidade. Esta desordem está intimamente associada ao pH urinário sendo que a nutrição desempenha papel fundamental no controle dessa doença, pois através da manipulação dietética é possível modificar o pH urinário. O enxofre é considerado um macroelemento com forte influência no equilíbrio ácido-básico e pode ser crucial para controlar o pH urinário em gatos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes fontes de enxofre (S) na dieta de gatos nos parâmetros urinários e no equilíbrio ácido-básico destes animais. 42 gatos adultos saudáveis foram divididos em 3 grupos e cada grupo de 14 gatos recebeu 7 dietas em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso. O sulfato de cálcio (CaSO4), a DL-metionina (DLM) e a metionina hidróxi-análoga (MHA) foram adicionados a uma dieta controle em dois níveis (1,28g S/kg e 2,56g S/kg) para formular outras 6 dietas experimentais. O equilíbrio ácido-básico foi avaliado por hemogasometria em amostras de sangue venoso. O DLM no teor mais alto e MHA diferiram da dieta controle em relação ao pH urinário (P 0,05). O sulfato de cálcio, embora não tenha diferido da dieta controle, demonstrou alterar o pH urinário apesar do seu equilíbrio eletrolítico nulo. Aparentemente, o efeito alcalinizante do cálcio não foi suficiente para anular a acidificação da urina pelo sulfato. Os tratamentos não apresentaram alteração do equilíbrio ácido-básico dos animais e não afetaram o consumo das dietas experimentais.(AU)

One-step laparoscopic abomasopexy versus abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa to treat left abomasal displacement in dairy cows / Abomasopexia por laparoscopia em um passo em comparação à abomasopexia via laparotomia pelo flanco direito no tratamento do deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda em vacas leiteiras

This study aimed to compare the clinical and metabolic results obtained by use of one-step laparoscopic abomasopexy and right paralumbar fossa abomasopexy for the treatment of left displaced abomasum in dairy cows. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly placed in two groups: G1, with 15 animals treated by one-step laparoscopic abomasopexy; and G2, with 15 animals treated by right paralumbar fossa ventral abomasopexy. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, base excess (BE), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) strong ion difference (SID), anion gap (AG), glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured before (M0) and 24 (M1), 48 (M2) and 72 (M3) hours following surgery. Laparotomy was statistically faster than laparoscopy. Hypochloremia was observed only in G2 at M0. Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia were observed in both groups at M0, increasing after surgery. Metabolic alkalosis in both groups before surgery was characterized by high bicarbonate, pCO2, and BE, which decreased in subsequent time points, as well as blood pH. Glucose was statistically increased and NEFA and BHBA were statistically decreased in G2 compared to G1. In G1, NEFA and BHBA decreased significantly following surgery. Both surgical techniques restored abomasal flow and feed intake in both groups. Based in acid-base status, one-step laparoscopy showed no additional advantage in comparison with abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou comparar as técnicas de abomasopexia por laparoscopia em um passo e abomasopexia por laparotomia pelo flanco direito, no tratamento do deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda (DAE) em vacas leiteiras quanto a recuperação clínica no pós-operatório, utilizando parâmetros clínicos, metabólicos e eletrolíticos. Trinta vacas Holandesas preto e brancas foram distribuídas de forma aleatória em dois grupos: G1 com 15 animais tratados pela técnica de abomasopexia em um passo; e G2, com 15 animais tratados pela abomasopexia por laparotomia pelo flanco direito. Foram mensuradas as concentrações séricas de sódio, potássio, cloro, bicarbonato, excesso de base (BE), pH sanguíneo, pressão parcial de gás carbônico (pCO2), diferença de íons fortes (SID), ânion gap AG), glicose, β-hidroxibutirato (BHBA) e ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA). As variáveis foram mensuradas antes da operação e 24, 48 e 72 horas após operação. A laparotomia foi estatisticamente mais rápida do que a laparoscopia no tratamento do DAE. Hipocloremia foi observada somente nas vacas do G2 antes da cirurgia. Alcalose metabólica em ambos os grupos antes da operação foi caracterizada pelo aumento do bicarbonato, pCO2 e BE, os quais diminuíram significativamente nos momentos subsequentes, assim como o pH sanguíneo. A concentração de glicose apresentou aumento significativo no G2 em comparação ao G1, enquanto o BHBA e o NEFA estavam estatisticamente diminuídos. Ambas as técnicas restauraram o fluxo abomasal e o consumo de alimentos em ambos os grupos. Baseado no equilíbrio ácido-base, a técnica de laparoscopia não demonstrou vantagens sobre a técnica cirúrgica tradicional.(AU)

One-step laparoscopic abomasopexy versus abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa to treat left abomasal displacement in dairy cows / Abomasopexia por laparoscopia em um passo em comparação à abomasopexia via laparotomia pelo flanco direito no tratamento do deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda em vacas leiteiras

This study aimed to compare the clinical and metabolic results obtained by use of one-step laparoscopic abomasopexy and right paralumbar fossa abomasopexy for the treatment of left displaced abomasum in dairy cows. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly placed in two groups: G1, with 15 animals treated by one-step laparoscopic abomasopexy; and G2, with 15 animals treated by right paralumbar fossa ventral abomasopexy. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, base excess (BE), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) strong ion difference (SID), anion gap (AG), glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured before (M0) and 24 (M1), 48 (M2) and 72 (M3) hours following surgery. Laparotomy was statistically faster than laparoscopy. Hypochloremia was observed only in G2 at M0. Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia were observed in both groups at M0, increasing after surgery. Metabolic alkalosis in both groups before surgery was characterized by high bicarbonate, pCO2, and BE, which decreased in subsequent time points, as well as blood pH. Glucose was statistically increased and NEFA and BHBA were statistically decreased in G2 compared to G1. In G1, NEFA and BHBA decreased significantly following surgery. Both surgical techniques restored abomasal flow and feed intake in both groups. Based in acid-base status, one-step laparoscopy showed no additional advantage in comparison with abomasopexy via right paralumbar fossa.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou comparar as técnicas de abomasopexia por laparoscopia em um passo e abomasopexia por laparotomia pelo flanco direito, no tratamento do deslocamento de abomaso à esquerda (DAE) em vacas leiteiras quanto a recuperação clínica no pós-operatório, utilizando parâmetros clínicos, metabólicos e eletrolíticos. Trinta vacas Holandesas preto e brancas foram distribuídas de forma aleatória em dois grupos: G1 com 15 animais tratados pela técnica de abomasopexia em um passo; e G2, com 15 animais tratados pela abomasopexia por laparotomia pelo flanco direito. Foram mensuradas as concentrações séricas de sódio, potássio, cloro, bicarbonato, excesso de base (BE), pH sanguíneo, pressão parcial de gás carbônico (pCO2), diferença de íons fortes (SID), ânion gap AG), glicose, β-hidroxibutirato (BHBA) e ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA). As variáveis foram mensuradas antes da operação e 24, 48 e 72 horas após operação. A laparotomia foi estatisticamente mais rápida do que a laparoscopia no tratamento do DAE. Hipocloremia foi observada somente nas vacas do G2 antes da cirurgia. Alcalose metabólica em ambos os grupos antes da operação foi caracterizada pelo aumento do bicarbonato, pCO2 e BE, os quais diminuíram significativamente nos momentos subsequentes, assim como o pH sanguíneo. A concentração de glicose apresentou aumento significativo no G2 em comparação ao G1, enquanto o BHBA e o NEFA estavam estatisticamente diminuídos. Ambas as técnicas restauraram o fluxo abomasal e o consumo de alimentos em ambos os grupos. Baseado no equilíbrio ácido-base, a técnica de laparoscopia não demonstrou vantagens sobre a técnica cirúrgica tradicional.(AU)

Pregnancy modulates serum proteins, hematological and blood biochemical variables of the Pêga donkey / Prenhez modula as proteínas séricas, variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas sanguíneas do jumento Pêga

Considering the scarcity of information regarding blood parameters of Pêga donkeys (Equus asinus), and the influence of factors such as breed and physiological status on these parameters, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of pregnancy on hematological, blood biochemical and serum protein profiles of the Pêga donkey, using samples from 59 female adult donkeys, 22 pregnant and 37 non-pregnant, kept under field conditions. The parameters measured were counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), basophils, eosinophils, bands, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets; and the levels of packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, urea, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorides, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total, direct and indirect serum bilirubin. Serum protein fractionation was performed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which found 10 proteins: immunoglobulins A and G, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, haptoglobin, 1-acid glycoprotein, 138 kDa (MWP138), 33 kDa (MWP33) and 23 kDa (MWP23) molecular weight proteins. RBC and triglycerides were higher in pregnant females. Urea, Immunoglobulin A, MWP138 and MWP23 concentrations were higher in non-pregnant mares. This study presented differences from previous studies, and some differences in blood variables between pregnant and non-pregnant Pêga donkeys, confirming that pregnancy causes significant metabolic changes, which must be considered in the clinical evaluation of these animals.

Considerando a escassez de informações sobre as variáveis hematológicas dos jumentos Pêga e a influência de fatores como raça e estado fisiológico sobre estes parâmetros, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da prenhez sobre os perfis hematológico, bioquímico sanguíneo e de proteínas séricas de jumentos Pêga, utilizando amostras de 59 jumentas adultas, 22 prenhes e 37 não prenhes, mantidas sob condições de campo. Foram mensuradas as contagens de hemácias, leucócitos, basófilos, eosinófilos, neutrófilos bastonetes, neutrófilos segmentados, linfócitos, monócitos e plaquetas; volume globular, concentração de hemoglobina e os níveis de alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, creatina quinase, gama glutamil transferase, ureia, glicose, colesterol, triglicérides, cálcio total, fósforo, magnésio, cloretos, sódio, potássio, cálcio ionizado, creatinina, proteína total, albumina, bilirrubina total, direta e indireta. O fracionamento de proteínas séricas foi realizado pela eletroforese em gel de acrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE), o qual revelou 10 proteínas: imunoglobulinas A e G, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, haptoglobina, 1-glicoproteína ácida, proteína de peso molecular 138 kDa (PPM138), 33 kDa (PPM33) e 23 kDa (PPM23). A contagem de eritrócitos e os triglicérides séricos foram mais altos para as fêmeas prenhes. As concentrações de ureia, IgA, PPM138e PPM23 foram mais altas para jumentas não prenhes. Houve diferenças em relação a estudos anteriores, e diferenças entre as variáveis sanguíneas de jumentas Pêga prenhes e vazias confirmam que a prenhez causa mudanças metabólicas significantes, as quais devem ser consideradas na avaliação clínica destes animais.

Pregnancy modulates serum proteins, hematological and blood biochemical variables of the Pêga donkey / Prenhez modula as proteínas séricas, variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas sanguíneas do jumento Pêga

Considering the scarcity of information regarding blood parameters of Pêga donkeys (Equus asinus), and the influence of factors such as breed and physiological status on these parameters, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of pregnancy on hematological, blood biochemical and serum protein profiles of the Pêga donkey, using samples from 59 female adult donkeys, 22 pregnant and 37 non-pregnant, kept under field conditions. The parameters measured were counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), basophils, eosinophils, bands, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets; and the levels of packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, urea, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorides, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total, direct and indirect serum bilirubin. Serum protein fractionation was performed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which found 10 proteins: immunoglobulins A and G, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, haptoglobin, 1-acid glycoprotein, 138 kDa (MWP138), 33 kDa (MWP33) and 23 kDa (MWP23) molecular weight proteins. RBC and triglycerides were higher in pregnant females. Urea, Immunoglobulin A, MWP138 and MWP23 concentrations were higher in non-pregnant mares. This study presented differences from previous studies, and some differences in blood variables between pregnant and non-pregnant Pêga donkeys, confirming that pregnancy causes significant metabolic changes, which must be considered in the clinical evaluation of these animals.(AU)

Considerando a escassez de informações sobre as variáveis hematológicas dos jumentos Pêga e a influência de fatores como raça e estado fisiológico sobre estes parâmetros, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da prenhez sobre os perfis hematológico, bioquímico sanguíneo e de proteínas séricas de jumentos Pêga, utilizando amostras de 59 jumentas adultas, 22 prenhes e 37 não prenhes, mantidas sob condições de campo. Foram mensuradas as contagens de hemácias, leucócitos, basófilos, eosinófilos, neutrófilos bastonetes, neutrófilos segmentados, linfócitos, monócitos e plaquetas; volume globular, concentração de hemoglobina e os níveis de alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, creatina quinase, gama glutamil transferase, ureia, glicose, colesterol, triglicérides, cálcio total, fósforo, magnésio, cloretos, sódio, potássio, cálcio ionizado, creatinina, proteína total, albumina, bilirrubina total, direta e indireta. O fracionamento de proteínas séricas foi realizado pela eletroforese em gel de acrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE), o qual revelou 10 proteínas: imunoglobulinas A e G, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, haptoglobina, 1-glicoproteína ácida, proteína de peso molecular 138 kDa (PPM138), 33 kDa (PPM33) e 23 kDa (PPM23). A contagem de eritrócitos e os triglicérides séricos foram mais altos para as fêmeas prenhes. As concentrações de ureia, IgA, PPM138e PPM23 foram mais altas para jumentas não prenhes. Houve diferenças em relação a estudos anteriores, e diferenças entre as variáveis sanguíneas de jumentas Pêga prenhes e vazias confirmam que a prenhez causa mudanças metabólicas significantes, as quais devem ser consideradas na avaliação clínica destes animais.(AU)

Arterial, Mixed Venous or Central Venous Hemogasometry and End Tidal CO2 in Dogs under Different Hemodynamic States

Background: Hemogasometric analysis is used in the interpretation of acid-base balance (ABB) and to access pulmonary ventilation. Already mixed venous oxygen saturation obtained at pulmonary artery correlates with tissue oxygenation. However, both samples can be difficult to access because of the difficulties in arterial and pulmonary catheterization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing the arterial and mixed venous bloods, the end tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and central venous blood in the analysis of pulmonary ventilation, tissue oxygenation and ABB in dogs under different hemodynamic states.Material, Methods & Results: Nine dogs were used with an average weight of 19.6 ± 1.3 kg, anesthetized with isoflurane at 1.4 V% diluted on oxygen 60% (Baseline), and subsequently undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) and the hypodinamic state (Hypo) with isoflurane at 3.5V% and mean arterial pressure (MAP) lower than 50 mmHg and hyperdynamic state (Hyper) by dobutamine infusion at 5 g/kg/min and with MAP 30% higher than baseline. For each time allowed a 15 min of stabilization by each hemodynamic status. Simultaneously were collected samples of 0.6 mL of arterial blood by metatarsal artery, mixed and central venous blood by pulmonary artery and right atrium for hemogasometric analysis. To access lung function we correlated and compared th

Arterial, mixed venous or central venous hemogasometry and end tidal CO2 in dogs under different hemodynamic states

Background: Hemogasometric analysis is used in the interpretation of acid-base balance (ABB) and to access pulmonary ventilation. Already mixed venous oxygen saturation obtained at pulmonary artery correlates with tissue oxygenation. However, both samples can be difficult to access because of the difficulties in arterial and pulmonary catheterization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing the arterial and mixed venous bloods, the end tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (EtCO2 ) and central venous blood in the analysis of pulmonary ventilation, tissue oxygenation and ABB in dogs under different hemodynamic states. Material, Methods & Results: Nine dogs were used with an average weight of 19.6 ± 1.3 kg, anesthetized with isoflurane at 1.4 V% diluted on oxygen 60% (Baseline), and subsequently undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) and the hypodinamic state (Hypo) with isoflurane at 3.5V% and mean arterial pressure (MAP) lower than 50 mmHg and hyperdynamic state (Hyper) by dobutamine infusion at 5 μg/kg/min and with MAP 30% higher than baseline. For each time allowed a 15 min of stabilization by each hemodynamic status. Simultaneously were collected samples of 0.6 mL of arterial blood by metatarsal artery, mixed and central venous blood by pulmonary artery and right atrium for hemogasometric analysis. To access lung function we correlated and compared the EtCO2 values obtained by gas analyzer with expired carbon dioxide pressure in the arterial blood (PaCO2 ), mixed venous blood (PmvCO2 ) and central venous blood (PcvCO2 ). For the interpretation of tissue oxygenation we correlated and compared the values of mixed (SmvO2 ) and central (ScvO2 ) venous oxygen saturation. For the acid-base balance we used the correlation of potencial hydrogen (pH); carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2 ); bicarbonate ion (HCO3-); base excess (BE); […](AU)

Arterial, mixed venous or central venous hemogasometry and end tidal CO2 in dogs under different hemodynamic states

Background: Hemogasometric analysis is used in the interpretation of acid-base balance (ABB) and to access pulmonary ventilation. Already mixed venous oxygen saturation obtained at pulmonary artery correlates with tissue oxygenation. However, both samples can be difficult to access because of the difficulties in arterial and pulmonary catheterization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing the arterial and mixed venous bloods, the end tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (EtCO2 ) and central venous blood in the analysis of pulmonary ventilation, tissue oxygenation and ABB in dogs under different hemodynamic states. Material, Methods & Results: Nine dogs were used with an average weight of 19.6 ± 1.3 kg, anesthetized with isoflurane at 1.4 V% diluted on oxygen 60% (Baseline), and subsequently undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) and the hypodinamic state (Hypo) with isoflurane at 3.5V% and mean arterial pressure (MAP) lower than 50 mmHg and hyperdynamic state (Hyper) by dobutamine infusion at 5 μg/kg/min and with MAP 30% higher than baseline. For each time allowed a 15 min of stabilization by each hemodynamic status. Simultaneously were collected samples of 0.6 mL of arterial blood by metatarsal artery, mixed and central venous blood by pulmonary artery and right atrium for hemogasometric analysis. To access lung function we correlated and compared the EtCO2 values obtained by gas analyzer with expired carbon dioxide pressure in the arterial blood (PaCO2 ), mixed venous blood (PmvCO2 ) and central venous blood (PcvCO2 ). For the interpretation of tissue oxygenation we correlated and compared the values of mixed (SmvO2 ) and central (ScvO2 ) venous oxygen saturation. For the acid-base balance we used the correlation of potencial hydrogen (pH); carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2 ); bicarbonate ion (HCO3-); base excess (BE); […]