Description of two new species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Bolivian Amazon

Two new species of Bujurquina are described from the Bolivian Amazon basin. The first new species inhabits the Beni River drainage and is distinguished from its congeners in the combination of the following characters: longer snout, deeper head, body and caudal peduncle, shorter pectoral fin, more scales in the E1 series, discontinuous longitudinal band, bars 5 and 6 not fused, preopercular spot and coloration pattern on flank scales absent. The second new species inhabits the Mamoré and Iténez river drainages, and differs from its congeners in the combination of the following characteristics: longer and deeper head, longer snout and pectoral fin, deeper caudal peduncle, fewer scales in the E1 series and lower lateral line, preopercular spot absent, bars 6 and 7 separated from longitudinal band and discontinuous longitudinal band. An identification key for species reported from Bolivia and complementary morphological data for B. oenolaemus and B. vittata are presented.

Se describen dos especies nuevas de Bujurquina para la cuenca Amazónica de Bolivia. La primera nueva especie habita la cuenca del Río Beni y se distingue de sus congéneres en la combinación de los siguientes caracteres: hocico más largo, cabeza, cuerpo y pedúnculo caudal más bajos, aleta pectoral más corta, mayor número de escamas en la serie E1, banda longitudinal discontinua, barras 5 y 6 no fusionadas, mancha preopercular y patrón de coloración en las escamas de los flancos ausentes. La segunda nueva especie habita las cuencas de los ríos Mamoré e Iténez, y se diferencia de sus congéneres en la combinación de las siguientes características: cabeza más larga y alta, hocico y aleta pectoral más largos, pedúnculo caudal más alto, menor número de escamas de la serie E1 y de la línea lateral inferior, ausencia de la mancha preopercular, barras 6 y 7 separadas de la banda longitudinal y banda longitudinal discontinua. Se presenta una clave de identificación de las especies de Bolivia y datos morfológicos complementarios de B. oenolaemus y B. vittata.

Aural hematomas in small ruminants - clinical features, surgical treatment and outcome

Background: Aural or auricular hematoma is an important and prevalent surgical condition in small animals practice, and commonly reported in companion pets. The condition is characterized by blood accumulation between the pinnae's dermal surface and the underlying perichondrium. In farm animals, most cases present surgical treatment with drainage of serosanguineous fluid from acute cases with clinical evolution ranging from 1 to 5 days. Therefore, the present work reports the clinical features, surgical treatment and outcome of aural hematomas in 3 small ruminants with a chronic evolution (7 to 20 days), detailing the post-surgical complications, such as wound infection and recurrence, and final cosmetic appearance of the pinnae. Cases: Upon physical examination, all animals were alert and presenting a good body condition score. Clinical alteration was restricted to a bilateral (Case 1) or unilateral (Cases 2 & 3) painless, and fluid-filled swelling, presenting doughy consistency masses within the fluid during pinna manipulation. The fluid-filled swellings were located on the concave (Case 1 - left ear & Case 2) and convex (Case 1 - right ear & Case 3) surface of the pinna. No primary pruritic disorders of the pinna were detected, and a diagnosis of traumatic aural hematoma was proposed. Due to the chronicity of the cases, surgical approach was advisable. The small ruminants underwent general anesthesia, and a linear incision over the skin overlying the hematoma was performed (Cases 1 & 2). After removal of blood and fibrin clots, the cavity was flushed and captonated size 0 nylon mattress sutures were performed on either side of the incision, in order to obliterate the dead space. Due to recurrence after 14 days, Case 2 was submitted to a modified surgical approach using a S-shaped incision combined to multiple drainage holes (MDH) using a disposable 6 mm biopsy punch. The same approach has performed in Case 3. Then, size 0 nylon mattress sutures followed by a tight protective pressure and absorbent bandage combined with an Elizabethan collar was applied. Postoperatively, Case 1 presented surgical site infection and the antibiotic was changed after bacterial culture and antibiogram results. Hospital discharge varied from 14 to 19 days' post-surgery. All animals presented some degree of ear retraction and a linear or S-shaped scar on the affected ear, but final cosmetic appearance was satisfactory to all owners. Discussion: Aural or auricular hematomas are a frequent disorder in dogs and cats clinical practice. In sheep, the few reported cases have been associated with pruritic disorders of the pinna, such as ticks infestation and sarcoptic mange. Whilst in goats, traumatic injuries, such as ear tagging and trauma from others goats, are considered the main cause, especially in breeds with pendulous ear. In our cases with chronic evolution (> 7 days), the most important clinical feature was the presence of doughy consistency masses within the fluid, suggesting matured blood and fibrin clots. A linear incision with captonated size 0 nylon mattress sutures was associated to post-surgical complications, such as wound infection and aural hematoma recurrence. Therefore, a S-shaped incision associated to creation of MDH, in order to achieve better drainage, was the chosen approach in the second surgery (Case 2) and on the subsequent patient (Case 3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using the MDH approach in farm animals, that appears to be an effective treatment for chronic aural hematomas in small ruminants.

New species of Farlowella (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tapajós basin, Pará, Brazil

A new species of stick-catfish Farlowella is described from streams of the lower rio Tapajós drainage, in Pará State, northern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by a naked gular region (vs. gular region with plates) and from most congeners by the presence of five lateral series of plate rows on anterior region of body (vs. four). The new species shows variation in the series of abdominal plates and a discussion on the variation of abdominal plates within Farlowella is made and comments on synapomorphic characters in Farlowellini.(AU)

Uma nova espécie de cascudo-graveto Farlowella é descrita de pequenos igarapés do baixo rio Tapajós, no Estado do Pará, norte do Brasil. A nova espécie é distinta de todas as suas congêneres por uma região gular nua (vs. região gular com placas) e de muitas congêneres pela presença de cinco fileiras de placas laterais na região anterior do corpo (vs. quatro). A nova espécie apresenta variação na série de placas abdominais e é feita uma discussão sobre a variação das placas abdominais dentro de Farlowella e comentários sobre caracteres sinapomórficos em Farlowellini.(AU)

Nasal leiomyosarcoma in a Quarter Horse / Leiomiossarcoma nasal em equino Quarto de Milha

ABSTRACT: We described the clinical and anatomopathological findings observed in a case of nasal leiomyosarcoma in a five-year-old male Quarter Mile horse, whose main complaints were decreased sports performance and bilateral purulent nasal discharge. The nodule was observed in the nasal cavity, obstructing the left nostril and associated with purulent drainage. The nodule was of irregular shape and yellow color, measuring 19.4 cm × 6.9 cm × 4.3 cm in size, with coalescent multifocal areas that were brownish, friable, opaque, and fetid. When cut, the surface was compact, grayish-white, and smooth with yellow, friable, irregular multifocal areas, measuring 1-3.2 cm in diameter. Histopathological examination showed spindle-shaped neoplastic cells, which was negative on Masson's trichromic stain. A diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was established based on the morphotintorial aspects of neoplastic cells and confirmed through immunohistochemistry, with positive immunostaining for antibodies 1A4, HHF35, desmin, and S100. Leiomyosarcoma primarily affects the nasal cavity of horses and should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases that affect the nasal cavity and cause nasal obstruction associated with dyspnea.

RESUMO: Descreve-se os achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos observados em um caso de leiomiossarcoma nasal em um equino, Quarto de Milha, macho, de cinco anos de idade, com queixa principal de diminuição do rendimento esportivo e secreção nasal purulenta bilateral. Na cavidade nasal, observou-se um nódulo obstruindo a narina esquerda associada à secreção purulenta. O nódulo era de superfície irregular, amarelada, brilhante, fibroelástica, medindo 19,4 x 6,9 x 4,3cm de tamanho, com áreas multifocais a coalescente acastanhadas, friáveis, opacas e fétidas. Ao corte, a superfície era compacta, branco-acinzentada e lisa com áreas multifocais amarelas, friáveis e irregulares, medindo 1-3,2 cm de diâmetro. No exame histopatológico foi observado proliferação de células neoplásicas fusiformes, que foram negativas na coloração de Tricrômico de Masson. O diagnóstico de leiomiossarcoma foi estabelecido com base nos aspectos morfotintoriais das células neoplásicas e confirmado através da imuno-histoquímica, no qual houve imunomarcação positiva para os anticorpos 1A4, HHF35, Desmina e S100. O leiomiossarcoma pode afetar primariamente a cavidade nasal de equinos, devendo ser incluído no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que afetam a cavidade nasal e que provocam quadros de obstrução nasal associado a dispneia.

Length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and diet of three fish species (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) in streams of the Pomba River basin, Paraíba do Sul river drainage, Southeastern Brazil

This study aimed to estimate the parameters of length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and diet of three freshwater fish species that inhabit streams in the Pomba River basin (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Fishes were sampled with seine nets (2.0 × 1.20 m, 2 mm mesh size) and dip nets (0.46 × 0.33 m, 2 mm mesh size) from October to December 2018. Measurements were taken for total length (TL - 0.1 cm precision) and total weight (TW - 0.01 g precision). Growth model parameters were estimated. This study provides new length-weight relationship data for Deuterodon intermedius (Eigenmann, 1908), Australoheros paraibae Ottoni & Costa, 2008, and Hypostomus punctatus Valenciennes, 1840. All of them ingested a wide variety of food items, including plant material like algae, animal material such as terrestrial and aquatic insects, and undefined matter such as detritus or mud. The three species showed a higher number of females. Our study provides basic information for functional diversity studies, as well as for future investigations associated with the evaluation of anthropic impacts, either occasional or chronic, on the fish assemblage structure of the Pomba River basin.(AU)

Filling in a biogeographic gap: the first Trichomycteridae from the Parnaíba River basin (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Trichomycterid catfishes have long been considered as absent in the Parnaíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil, in what constitutes their most conspicuous gap in geographic distribution. Herein we report on the first occurrence of the family in that basin. The new species is described from the riacho da Volta, right tributary to the upper rio Parnaíba, Piauí State. It is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of two or three pairs of ribs; 36­38 post Weberian vertebrae; a color pattern composed of round, similar-sized, non-coalescent spots; I,5 pectoral-fin rays; the first haemal arch on the 5th or 6th vertebrae; and the first completely fused (to the tip) haemal spine on the 15th vertebra. A putative autapomorphy is the partial (minimally 50% of their length) or total fusion between the anterior arms of the basipterygium. Preliminary evidence suggests that the new species can be related to northern South American forms, a pattern that fits the general Amazonian relationships of the fishes in the Parnaíba River drainage. Although the new species fills in an important qualitative gap in trichomycterid continental distribution, the taxon is apparently rare and extremely restricted in distribution, with the type series being its only record so far. The paucity of trichomycterids in the Parnaíba remains a puzzling biogeographical phenomenon.(AU)

Os bagres tricomicterídeos têm estado surpreendentemente ausentes na bacia do rio Parnaíba, Nordeste do Brasil, no que constitui sua lacuna mais evidente na distribuição. Relatamos a primeira ocorrência da família na bacia. A espécie nova é descrita do riacho da Volta, tributário do lado direito do alto rio Parnaíba em Uruçuí, Piauí. Ela é distinguida de suas congêneres pela combinação de dois ou três pares de costelas; 36­38 vértebras pós weberianas; padrão de coloração composto de manchas arredondas, de tamanhos semelhantes e não coalescentes; I,5 raios nas nadadeiras peitorais; o primeiro arco haemal na 5° ou 6° vértebra, e o primeiro espinho haemal completamente fusionado (até a extremidade) na 15° vértebra. Uma possível autapomorfia é a fusão parcial (mínimo de 50% do seu comprimento) ou total entre os braços anteriores do basiopterígio. Evidências preliminares sugerem que a espécie nova pode estar relacionada com as formas do norte da América do Sul, padrão que se encaixa nas relações amazônicas dos peixes da drenagem do rio Parnaíba. Embora a espécie nova preencha uma importante lacuna na distribuição continental dos tricomicterídeos, o táxon é aparentemente raro e extremamente restrito em distribuição, sendo a série-tipo seu único registro até o momento.(AU)

Ovarian papillary carcinoma in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Neoplasms are among the most impacting disease diagnoses in veterinary medicine and have become increasingly common due to the greater longevity of animals as living conditions improved. The Mongolian gerbil is a small rodent species that has become popular recently. In these animals, the occurrence of neoplastic processes is relatively common, mainly tumors of the ventral gland in males and ovarian tumors in females. This work aims to report an ovarian tumor in a Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards 1867 (Rodentia, Muridae). At the initial presentation, the animal had dyspnea, prostration, and increased abdominal volume in the topography of the right ovary of approximately 2 cm. The animal was submitted to exploratory laparotomy because of the emergency nature of the case and the owners' refusal of additional exams due to financial restrictions. Thus, an ovariohysterectomy was performed, followed by a histopathological examination. The histopathology revealed an ovarian papillary carcinoma affecting both ovaries and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. With surgical removal and drainage of the thoracic fluid, the animal showed good recovery, with general improvement and return to regular activity, with a life expectancy of two years. Currently, the demand for specialized veterinarians for unconventional pets is increasing. This condition allows owners to raise their animals more properly, favoring greater longevity. Knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of diseases in different species is of enormous relevance in establishing the appropriate therapy, improving life quality, and increasing life expectancy in animals' lives.(AU)

Spintherobolus papilliferus in the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin: implications for the biogeography and conservation of an endangered species (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

Spintherobolus papilliferus is an endangered characid endemic of the Atlantic Rainforest, known from sparse locations in the upper rio Tietê basin around the metropolitan area of São Paulo city, and from an affluent of rio Itapanhaú, a coastal stream in Bertioga, São Paulo State. In 2020, S. papilliferus was sampled from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin in Juquitiba, São Paulo State, representing a new distributional record. We compared 17 morphometric and six meristic characters from all specimens with data from the rios Tietê and Itapanhaú. An overlap in the morphological data from the three populations was detected, except for five measure whose values are lower in rio Ribeira de Iguape. MANOVA and LDA revealed that this population differs significantly from the other two, showing shallower body and caudal peduncle, among other features. These morphological differences may be due to environmental selective pressures since rio Ribeira de Iguape drainage is marked by fast waters which can influence the shape of fish bodies over time. DNA-barcoding of all Spintherobolus species corroborate that the rio Ribeira de Iguape population belongs to S. papilliferus. We also present a hypothesis for the disjunct distribution of S. papilliferus involving headwater capture and discuss the implications for the conservation of this endangered species.

Spintherobolus papilliferus é um caracídeo endêmico da Mata Atlântica e ameaçado de extinção, conhecido de localidades esparsas na bacia do alto rio Tietê, região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo, e de um afluente do rio Itapanhaú, um riacho costeiro em Bertioga, Estado de São Paulo. Em 2020, S. papilliferus foi amostrada na bacia do rio Ribeira de Iguape em Juquitiba, São Paulo, representando um novo registro de distribuição. Comparamos 17 caracteres morfométricos e seis merísticos dos exemplares com dados dos rios Tietê e Itapanhaú. Houve sobreposição nos valores dos dados exceto em cinco medidas cujos valores são menores no rio Ribeira de Iguape. MANOVA e LDA revelaram que esta população difere significativamente das demais populações, sendo estes exemplares caracterizados pelas menores alturas do corpo e pedúnculo caudal, dentre outras características. Estas diferenças morfológicas possivelmente decorrem de pressões ambientais, pois a drenagem do rio Ribeira de Iguape possui ambientes de corredeiras velozes que podem influenciar no formato do corpo dos peixes. DNA-barcoding de todas as espécies de Spintherobolus corroborou que a população do rio Ribeira de Iguape pertence à S. papilliferus. Apresentamos também uma hipótese para a distribuição disjunta de S. papilliferus envolvendo captura de cabeceiras e discutimos implicações para a conservação dessa espécie ameaçada.

Molecular characterization of Astyanax species (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper Paraguaçu River basin, a hydrographic system with high endemism

Molecular tools have been employed to improve the knowledge about freshwater Neotropical fishes. Such approaches supporting studies of groups including species complexes such as Astyanax, one of the most diversified and taxonomically complex genus of the family Characidae. Here, we employed species delimitation analyses in four Astyanax species described for the upper Paraguaçu River basin, a drainage within Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion with high endemism. We implemented single and multilocus approaches based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear markers. Cytochrome c Oxidase I sequences previously available for Astyanax species were also added to our dataset. The single locus analyses showed A. epiagos, A. rupestris, and A. aff. rupestris as different Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), while A. brucutu and A. lorien were grouped. However, the multilocus approach distinguished these two species and showed congruence for the remaining single locus results. Astyanax aff. rupestris was separated into two MOTUs using both approaches, highlighting the need for an integrative taxonomic revision including A. aff. rupestris. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the diversity of this fish group in the upper Paraguaçu, identifying hidden diversity and reinforcing the relevance of this hydrographic system as a notable hotspot for ichthyofauna biodiversity endemism.(AU)

Ferramentas moleculares têm sido empregadas para melhorar o conhecimento sobre os peixes Neotropicais. Tais abordagens apoiam estudos de grupos que incluem complexos de espécies, como Astyanax, um dos gêneros mais diversificados e taxonomicamente complexos dentro da família Characidae. Neste estudo, nós empregamos análises de delimitação de espécies em quatro espécies de Astyanax recentemente descritas da bacia do alto rio Paraguaçu, uma drenagem dentro da ecorregião Mata Atlântica Nordeste que apresenta alto endemismo. Nós realizamos abordagens de loco único e multilocos baseadas em dois marcadores mitocondriais e um nuclear. Sequências de Citocromo c Oxidase I anteriormente disponíveis para espécies de Astyanax foram adicionadas ao nosso conjunto de dados. As análises de loco único mostraram A. epiagos, A. rupestris e A. aff. rupestris como diferentes Unidades Taxonômicas Operacionais Moleculares (MOTUs), enquanto A. brucutu e A. lorien foram agrupadas. Entretanto, a abordagem multilocos distinguiu estas duas espécies e mostrou congruência com os demais resultados das análises de loco único. Astyanax aff. rupestris foi separada em duas MOTUs usando ambas as abordagens, sugerindo a necessidade de uma revisão taxonômica integrativa incluindo A. rupestris e ambas A. aff. rupestris. Esses achados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da diversidade desse grupo de peixes na bacia do rio Paraguaçu, identificando diversidade oculta e reforçando a relevância desse sistema hidrográfico como um notável hotspot de endemismo da biodiversidade da ictiofauna.(AU)

Non-native freshwater fish from drainages of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

The present study catalogues exotic and allochthonous fish species found in the three main freshwater river drain-ages of Rio Grande do Sul State using records of scientific collections and literature, and discusses the main impacts caused by their introduction in natural environments. Ten exotic species are found in the area, i.e., Clarias gariepinus, Coptodon ren-dalli, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Ictalurus punctatus, Micropterus salmoides, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oreochromis niloticus, belonging to five orders, nine genera and seven fami-lies. These fishes are native from African, Asian, European and North American countries. The eight allochthonous species, i.e., Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Hoplias lacerdae, Megaleporinus macrocephalus, Piaractus mesopota-micus, Pachyurus bonariensis, Serrasalmus maculatus, and Trachelyopterus lucenai, belong to three orders, eight genera, and six families, are native from the Río La Plata basin, that includes the Río Uruguay, and have been all registered in the Laguna dos Patos. Two of these species are further recorded in the Rio Tramandaí system (A. pantaneiro and T. lucenai). The study also pre-sentes a brief history of the first records of exotic species in the state and in the country, and their main vectors of introduction. According to the records of exotic species in scientific collections, the two exotic species with the highest number of records in the country are tilapias Coptodon rendalii (508 records) and Oreochromis niloticus (376 records), and most records occurred in the last two decades. The two carps Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella are the only exotic species recorded in the three main drainage basins of the state. In addition, we warn about the importance of studies about the biology and negative impacts of exotic species over native species on the understanding of management in wild environments.(AU)

Onfaloflebite em bezerra - tratamento com marsupialização da veia umbilical / Omphalophlebitis in a calf - treatment with umbilical vein marsupialization

Background: Omphalophlebitis is characterized as an omphalopathy that affects the umbilical vein. In these cases, ultrasonography can help identify the severity of abdominal lesions and guide the choice of treatment. Marsupialization of the umbilical vein is a surgical procedure indicated in cases where this vessel presents with purulent secretion up to the liver parenchyma. This report describes a case of omphalophlebitis in a calf treated by marsupialization of the umbilical vein. The preoperative and postoperative sonographic findings are also described. Case: A 4-day-old Holstein calf was attended at the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil. On physical examination, the animal was found to be apathetic, with tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, hyperemic mucous membranes, and moderate dehydration. An increase in volume was observed in the umbilical region, with local hyperthermia, firm consistency, and sensitivity to palpation. On deep palpation of the abdomen, a mass originating in the umbilical region and extending cranially was observed, leading to the suspicion of omphalophlebitis. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed external umbilical abscess and omphalophlebitis. Initially, conservative treatment with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs was performed; however, there was no improvement in the clinical picture. Therefore, exploratory celiotomy was performed to remove the umbilical infectious focus. During the procedure, it was verified that the umbilical vein was dilated with a thickened wall until its insertion in the hepatic parenchyma, hence removal of the infected region through a ligature was not possible. Thus, marsupialization of the umbilical vein was performed to create a cutaneous opening for drainage of the purulent contents. In the postoperative period, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs were administered. Dressing of the surgical wound and of the umbilical vein lumen was performed with topical polyvidone at 0.2%. Removal of the stitches was done 14 days postoperatively. Weekly ultrasonographic examinations were performed, which showed a gradual reduction in the diameter of the umbilical vein throughout the postoperative period. Thirty days after the surgical procedure, no further drainage of the purulent content was observed from the umbilical vein, and healing of the stump was demonstrated. After 7 months, a repeat ultrasonography was performed, revealing normal echogenicity and echotexture of the hepatic parenchyma and complete atrophy of the umbilical vein. Discussion: Umbilical vein marsupialization is a surgery rarely described in the literature, and no report has followed the evolution of a case by ultrasonography. The ultrasound examination of the umbilical structures was essential for the definitive diagnosis and choice of surgical treatment. Marsupialization of the umbilical vein was chosen due to the impossibility of ligature of this vessel, which presented with thickened walls and lumen filled with purulent content until its insertion into the liver. Postoperative monitoring via serial ultrasonography examinations allowed follow up of the evolution of the case and animal recovery. At the sonographic reevaluation after 7 months, the findings were unremarkable, indicating complete recovery of the patient. Umbilical marsupialization is a surgical technique that allows complete recovery of calves with severe omphalophlebitis. Ultrasonography is fundamental for the diagnosis of omphalophlebitis and in determining the best therapeutic protocol. Sonographic evaluation during the postoperative period allows follow-up of the progression of lesions in abdominal structures and helps in defining the prognosis.

Behavioral changes in dairy calves raised in outdoor holding pens with alternative roofing / Alterações comportamentais de bezerras criadas em bezerreiros tropicais com cobertura alternativa

This study assessed the behavior of dairy calves raised in outdoor holding pens covered with different geosynthetics. Twenty crossbred (Girolando, Jersey and Holstein) dairy calves undergoing weaning were used, with an average initial live weight of 40.6 Kg. A completely randomized block design was used, with a 4 x 3 factorial scheme and 5 repetitions. The roofing materials were polyethylene mesh, drainage geocomposite, nonwoven geotextile and woven geotextile, representing the first factor, and assessment times (8 to 11 a.m., 11:15 a.m. to 2 p.m. and 2:15 to 6 p.m.) the second factor. Environmental variables were analyzed, and the following heat stress indices calculated: black globe-humidity index (BGHI) and equivalent temperature. The average BGHI and equivalent temperature were 79 and 26, respectively. Walking behavior differed between treatments (P<0.05) and was more frequent in the woven geotextile treatment. The most frequent behavior observed throughout the day was lying in the shade (53%), demonstrating the importance of providing artificial shading during this stage of life. When compared to polyethylene mesh, the drainage geocomposite and nonwoven geotextile were better suited to providing shade for dairy calves undergoing weaning in tropical regions.

O trabalho avaliou o comportamento de bezerras leiteiras, criadas em bezerreiros de modelo tropical, contendo diferentes geossintéticos como material de cobertura. Foram avaliadas 20 fêmeas Girolando, Jersey e Holandesa com peso inicial médio de 40,6 Kg durante a fase de aleitamento. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados completos, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 com 5 repetições. Os materiais de cobertura foram: malha de polietileno, geocomposto drenante, geotêxtil não-tecido e geotêxtil tecido foram o primeiro fator e os períodos do dia (08 às 11, 11:15 às 14 e 14:15 às 18 horas) foram o segundo fator. Foram avaliadas as variáveis ambientais e calculados os índices de conforto térmico: índice de temperatura do globo negro e umidade e índice de temperatura equivalente. As médias do índice de temperatura do globo negro e índice de temperatura equivalente foram 79 e 26, respectivamente. O comportamento andando diferiu entre tratamentos (P<0,05), sendo mais frequente no tratamento geotêxtil tecido. A frequência comportamental mais observada ao longo do dia foi deitada à sombra (53%) deixando evidente a importância da disponibilização de sombreamento artificial para essa fase de vida. Os materiais de cobertura geossintéticos Geodrenante e Geotêxtil não-tecido, comparados à malha de polietileno, foram os mais apropriados para a utilização como sombreamento em regiões de clima tropical para bezerras em fase de aleitamento.

Primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Primary lung neoplasms are uncommon in veterinary medicine, and when they develop, they are more frequently observed to be of epithelial origin. Although chondrosarcomas are the second most diagnosed type of neoplasm in dogs at skeletal sites, their development in extraskeletal tissues, including the spleen, aorta, heart, tongue, peritoneum, and lungs, corresponds to approximately only 1% of cases. Therefore, the occurrence of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma is considered very rare in domestic animals. Considering the rare occurrence and scarcity of data regarding its development, the present report describes the clinical and pathological aspects of a case of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a bitch. Case: A 8-year-old mixed-breed bitch, weighing 14.2 kg, was examined at one private veterinary clinic with the principal complaint of prolonged respiratory distress and resistance to exercise. Clinical evaluation revealed tachypnea with expiratory dyspnea due to intense pleural effusion, tachycardia, and diffusely pale mucous membranes. Thoracocentesis was performed with drainage of 1000 mL of modified transudate, and fluid cytology, blood count, and chest radiography were performed. Cytological analysis of the thoracic fluid did not identify neoplastic cells, the blood count showed intense regenerative anemia, and the radiograph showed an extensive area of consolidation in the left caudal lung lobe, compatible with neoplasia. The results of the tests performed, in addition to the evolution of the clinical picture and the impossibility of performing the indicated surgical intervention, culminated in the patient's unfavorable prognosis, followed by euthanasia, necropsy, and histopathological evaluation of the collected material. Necropsy revealed a white neoplastic formation with reddish areas and firm consistency that diffused into the parenchyma of the left caudal lung lobe with invasion of the rib cage, fracture of the fifth and sixth left ribs, diaphragmatic metastasis, intense hydrothorax, and moderate hydroperitoneum. Microscopically, in the histological sections of the lung and diaphragm, poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells with moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and interspersed with them, moderately differentiated chondrocytes surrounded by chondroid matrix, moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, and a low mitotic index culminated in the diagnosis of primary pulmonary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Discussion: Malignant epithelial neoplasms were suspected; however, the histopathological features observed were compatible with primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma. The characteristics of the fluid collected through thoracentesis led to its classification as a modified transudate, which is often associated with neoplastic and hemorrhagic processes; both alterations were present in this case. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma was established based on the histopathological findings since the cell type and distribution observed in the present case were compatible with the typical pattern observed in extraskeletal chondrosarcomas. An unfavorable prognosis is common in cases of primary or metastatic lung neoplasm since, in most cases, the condition is identified in the advanced stages of the disease, making therapeutic management challenging. Given the increase in the number of dog deaths due to neoplasms in recent years, this case report may contribute to a better understanding of the biological behavior of pulmonary chondrosarcoma and assist in the choice of treatment to be adopted when required.

Nasal leiomyosarcoma in a Quarter Horse / Leiomiossarcoma nasal em equino Quarto de Milha

We described the clinical and anatomopathological findings observed in a case of nasal leiomyosarcoma in a five-year-old male Quarter Mile horse, whose main complaints were decreased sports performance and bilateral purulent nasal discharge. The nodule was observed in the nasal cavity, obstructing the left nostril and associated with purulent drainage. The nodule was of irregular shape and yellow color, measuring 19.4 cm × 6.9 cm × 4.3 cm in size, with coalescent multifocal areas that were brownish, friable, opaque, and fetid. When cut, the surface was compact, grayish-white, and smooth with yellow, friable, irregular multifocal areas, measuring 1-3.2 cm in diameter. Histopathological examination showed spindle-shaped neoplastic cells, which was negative on Masson's trichromic stain. A diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was established based on the morphotintorial aspects of neoplastic cells and confirmed through immunohistochemistry, with positive immunostaining for antibodies 1A4, HHF35, desmin, and S100. Leiomyosarcoma primarily affects the nasal cavity of horses and should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases that affect the nasal cavity and cause nasal obstruction associated with dyspnea.

Descreve-se os achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos observados em um caso de leiomiossarcoma nasal em um equino, Quarto de Milha, macho, de cinco anos de idade, com queixa principal de diminuição do rendimento esportivo e secreção nasal purulenta bilateral. Na cavidade nasal, observou-se um nódulo obstruindo a narina esquerda associada à secreção purulenta. O nódulo era de superfície irregular, amarelada, brilhante, fibroelástica, medindo 19,4 x 6,9 x 4,3cm de tamanho, com áreas multifocais a coalescente acastanhadas, friáveis, opacas e fétidas. Ao corte, a superfície era compacta, branco-acinzentada e lisa com áreas multifocais amarelas, friáveis e irregulares, medindo 1-3,2 cm de diâmetro. No exame histopatológico foi observado proliferação de células neoplásicas fusiformes, que foram negativas na coloração de Tricrômico de Masson. O diagnóstico de leiomiossarcoma foi estabelecido com base nos aspectos morfotintoriais das células neoplásicas e confirmado através da imuno-histoquímica, no qual houve imunomarcação positiva para os anticorpos 1A4, HHF35, Desmina e S100. O leiomiossarcoma pode afetar primariamente a cavidade nasal de equinos, devendo ser incluído no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que afetam a cavidade nasal e que provocam quadros de obstrução nasal associado a dispneia.

Potassium fertilization as salt stress attenuator in sour passion fruit / Adubação potássica como atenuante do estresse salino em maracujazeiro-azedo

Water scarcity associated with irregular rainfall in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil stands out as a limiting factor for agricultural production. Thus, the use of waters with high concentration of salts is an alternative to expand irrigated agriculture in this region. In this context, this study evaluated the water status, intercellular electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange of 'BRS SC1' sour passion fruit as a function of irrigation with water of different levels of salinity and potassium doses. The experiment was carried out in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under field conditions at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Campina Grande in São Domingos - PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, whose treatments were obtained by combining two factors: five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1), associated with four potassium doses (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the recommendation), with three replicates. Water with electrical conductivity greater than 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the relative water content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, CO2 assimilation rate, and instantaneous water use efficiency of 'BRS SC1' sour passion fruit plants. The estimated potassium dose of 85% of the recommendation (equivalent to 293 g per plant per year) mitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of passion fruit 'BRS SC1'.

Water scarcity associated with irregular rainfall in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil stands out as a limiting factor for agricultural production. Thus, the use of waters with high concentration of salts is an alternative to expand irrigated agriculture in this region. In this context, this study evaluated the water status, intercellular electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange of 'BRS SC1' sour passion fruit as a function of irrigation with water of different levels of salinity and potassium doses. The experiment was carried out in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under field conditions at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Campina Grande in São Domingos - PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, whose treatments were obtained by combining two factors: five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 dS m-1), associated with four potassium doses (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the recommendation), with three replicates. Water with electrical conductivity greater than 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the relative water content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, CO2 assimilation rate, and instantaneous water use efficiency of 'BRS SC1' sour passion fruit plants. The estimated potassium dose of 85% of the recommendation (equivalent to 293 g per plant per year) mitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of passion fruit 'BRS SC1'.

Influence of urbanization on stream fish assemblages in three microbasins in the Upper Paraná River Basin / Influência da urbanização em assembleias de peixes de riachos em três microbacias na bacia do Alto Rio Paraná

The colonization pattern of fish assemblages in streams is often studied in the context of environmental filters. On the other hand, when fish assemblages are subjected to anthropogenic effects, variables associated with environmental quality assume more importance. Therefore, this work evaluated the richness and composition of fish from streams sampled at different urbanization levels, aiming to determine any direct effects on the structure of fish assemblages. To accomplish this, samples were collected from 2003 to 2011 at 31 sites distributed among 3 microbasins in the Rio Ivinhema Basin, Alto Rio Paraná. Based on environmental variables, physicochemical of the water and analysis of the use and occupation of the soil, the microbasins were classified into different urbanization levels (low, medium and high). A total of 4,320 individuals were sampled, out of which 57 fish species were recorded. Sampled sites with medium urbanization level presented higher richness compared to sampled sites with high urbanization level which presented lower richness. Species richness in these sites was explained mainly by water temperature and water velocity. Results confirmed that urbanization does directly affect environmental integrity, which, in turn, can lead to the homogenization of stream assemblages.

Estudos sobre assembleias de peixes em riachos enfatizam o papel dos filtros ambientais associados ao padrão de colonização das assembleias, por outro lado, quando a assembleia está sujeita aos efeitos antropogênicos, as variáveis ambientais associadas à qualidade ambiental assumem maior importância. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a riqueza e a composição de peixes de riachos amostrados em diferentes níveis de urbanização, buscando evidenciar se o efeito reflete diretamente na estrutura das assembleias. As amostragens foram realizadas em 31 locais distribuídos em três microbacias na bacia Rio Ivinhema, Alto Rio Paraná, no período de 2003 a 2011. Com base nas variáveis ambientais, físico-químicos da água e análise do uso e ocupação do solo as microbacias foram classificadas em diferentes níveis de urbanização (baixo, médio e alto). Foram amostrados um total 4.320 indivíduos, dos quais foram registradas 57 espécies de peixes. Os locais amostrados com influência média da urbanização apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies, entretanto, os locais amostrados com alta influência da urbanização apresentaram menor riqueza de espécies. Dessa forma, constatamos que a urbanização influencia diretamente na integridade ambiental, que pode levar a homogeneização das assembleias de riachos.

Influence of urbanization on stream fish assemblages in three microbasins in the Upper Paraná River Basin / Influência da urbanização em assembleias de peixes de riachos em três microbacias na bacia do Alto Rio Paraná

The colonization pattern of fish assemblages in streams is often studied in the context of environmental filters. On the other hand, when fish assemblages are subjected to anthropogenic effects, variables associated with environmental quality assume more importance. Therefore, this work evaluated the richness and composition of fish from streams sampled at different urbanization levels, aiming to determine any direct effects on the structure of fish assemblages. To accomplish this, samples were collected from 2003 to 2011 at 31 sites distributed among 3 microbasins in the Rio Ivinhema Basin, Alto Rio Paraná. Based on environmental variables, physicochemical of the water and analysis of the use and occupation of the soil, the microbasins were classified into different urbanization levels (low, medium and high). A total of 4,320 individuals were sampled, out of which 57 fish species were recorded. Sampled sites with medium urbanization level presented higher richness compared to sampled sites with high urbanization level which presented lower richness. Species richness in these sites was explained mainly by water temperature and water velocity. Results confirmed that urbanization does directly affect environmental integrity, which, in turn, can lead to the homogenization of stream assemblages.(AU)

Estudos sobre assembleias de peixes em riachos enfatizam o papel dos filtros ambientais associados ao padrão de colonização das assembleias, por outro lado, quando a assembleia está sujeita aos efeitos antropogênicos, as variáveis ambientais associadas à qualidade ambiental assumem maior importância. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a riqueza e a composição de peixes de riachos amostrados em diferentes níveis de urbanização, buscando evidenciar se o efeito reflete diretamente na estrutura das assembleias. As amostragens foram realizadas em 31 locais distribuídos em três microbacias na bacia Rio Ivinhema, Alto Rio Paraná, no período de 2003 a 2011. Com base nas variáveis ambientais, físico-químicos da água e análise do uso e ocupação do solo as microbacias foram classificadas em diferentes níveis de urbanização (baixo, médio e alto). Foram amostrados um total 4.320 indivíduos, dos quais foram registradas 57 espécies de peixes. Os locais amostrados com influência média da urbanização apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies, entretanto, os locais amostrados com alta influência da urbanização apresentaram menor riqueza de espécies. Dessa forma, constatamos que a urbanização influencia diretamente na integridade ambiental, que pode levar a homogeneização das assembleias de riachos.(AU)

Pneumotórax secundário a bolha pulmonar em cão / Pneumothorax secondary to a pulmonary bullae in a dog

Background: Pulmonary bullae are thin-walled cavitary lesions within the subpleural parenchyma. They are a result of thedestruction, dilatation and coalescence of bordering alveoli and their rupture is the most common cause of pneumothoraxin dogs. Radiographic and CT imaging are excellent tools for identifying and quantifying pneumothorax. Surgical treatment is considered standard for treatment of pneumothorax consequential to pulmonary bullae. The aim of this report wasto describe a case of pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary bullae in a dog.Case: A 5-year-old male crossbreed dog, weighing 11.5 kg, was presented to the Uberaba’s Veterinary Hospital due to becoming easily tired in the previous 3 weeks, and its worsening in the last 2 days by presenting panting. The dog’s guardiandid not witness any traumas, but informed that the animal resided with other 14 dogs and also that it frequently collidedthe thorax against the door when it came down from the bed. Physical examination showed diaphragmatic breathing,inspiratory dyspnea and stridor lung sound. Thoracocentesis revealed presence of air in the pleural cavity and pneumothorax. Radiographic images confirmed this condition. The dog stayed in the hospital and chest drains were placed. Sincethe amount of sucked air did not reduce with time and due to the emergence of subcutaneous emphysema, the dog wentthrough exploratory thoracotomy that revealed impairment of the right caudal lung lobe, proceeding to lobectomy. Thedog stayed in the hospital with chest drains until the contents of the suctions reduced significantly. With the removal ofthe drains, the dog was sent home and had a full recovery. Histopathology of the impaired lung revealed pulmonary bullae.Discussion: The dog from this report presented clinical signs consistent with pneumothorax, such as dyspnea, diaphragmaticbreathing and exercise intolerance. Radiography of the chest region revealed...

Root deformation affects mineral nutrition but not leaf gas exchange and growth of Genipa americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding

Abstract Root deformation (RD) caused by errors in the pricking out process are irreversible and very difficult to detect in container-grown seedlings at the time of planting in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of RD on leaf gas exchange, growth, biomass allocation and mineral nutrition of G. americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding. Four-months-old seedlings, with and without RD, were flooded for 42 days and their recovery was evaluated 28 days after soil drainage. There were no significant interactions between RD and soil flooding for all leaf gas exchange, growth and mineral nutrition after soil drainage, with the exception of leaf P concentrations. In plants with no RD, the P concentration in leaves of non-flooded plants was significantly higher than that of plants with RD. Soil flooding and RD did not influence leaf or root N concentrations or whole-plant N content. RD increased the K concentration in the roots, but not in the leaves. Changes in the nutrient concentrations in leaves and roots indicate that RD may affect physiological performance of seedlings after planting in the field.

Resumo A deformação da raiz (RD) causada por erros no processo de repicagem é irreversível e difícil de detectar em mudas produzidas em embalagens no momento do plantio no campo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do RD nas trocas gasosas foliares, crescimento, alocação de biomassa e nutrição mineral de mudas de G. americana na fase de recuperação após o alagamento do solo. Mudas com quatro meses de idade, com e sem RD, foram alagadas por 42 dias e a sua recuperação foi avaliada 28 dias após a drenagem do solo. Não houve interação significativa entre RD e alagamento do solo nas trocas gasosas foliares, crescimento e nutrição mineral após a drenagem, com exceção das concentrações de P foliar. Em plantas sem RD, a concentração de P nas folhas de plantas não alagadas foi significativamente maior que a das plantas com RD. O alagamento do solo e a RD não influenciaram as concentrações de N nas folhas e raízes, e no conteúdo de N na planta inteira. A RD aumentou a concentração de K nas raízes, mas não nas folhas. Alterações nas concentrações de nutrientes nas folhas e raízes indicam que a RD pode afetar o desempenho fisiológico das mudas após o plantio no campo.

Anasarca associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy in cats

Background: Cardiomyopathies are a primary heart disorder and are one of the most causes of heart failure and sudden death in cats. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a diastolic dysfunction resulting from endomyocardial fibrosis, with filling restriction and ventricular distention. In these cases, a poor outcome is expected. Anasarca in animals is often associated with dystocia secondary to congenital changes. In adults, this is a rare condition, since subcutaneous edema in animals with congestive heart failure is an uncommon finding. Therefore, this report describes clinical and pathological findings in an unusual presentation of anasarca in two adult cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Cases: A 12-year-old female mixed breed cat (case 1) and a 6-year-old male mixed-breed cat (case 2) were present on an emergent basis at the veterinary hospital with a history of respiratory distress. Case 1 showed on physical examination intense restrictive mixed dyspnea and lethargy, with muffled heart sounds and respiratory noises in cardiorespiratory auscultation. The cat exhibited abdominal distension resulting from ascites. Generalized subcutaneous edema was evident mainly in the abdominal and submandibular areas and the thoracic and pelvic limbs. In these regions, a positive Godet signal was observed. Thoracic radiography revealed pleural effusion, and the cat underwent fluid drainage on both sides of the thoracic cavity. Drainage material was sent to the laboratory for clinical analysis, which indicated that it was a modified transudate. The clinical signs worsened, and the cat was euthanized. In case 2, physical examination showed severe restrictive mixed dyspnea, lethargy, and low body temperature (< 32°C). Abdominal distension resulting from ascites and generalized edema in the subcutaneous tissue with a positive Godet sign was observed. On cardiorespiratory auscultation, cardiac sounds and breathing noises were muffled. Thoracic radiography revealed pleural effusion. The cat was immediately placed in an incubator for clinical stabilization with oxygen therapy and warm-up. After 2 h of hospitalization, thoracentesis and drainage of cavity fluids were performed, which were classified as modified transudate. The patient remained in critical condition during hospitalization, evolving to death. The two cats were referred for a complete post mortem examination. Grossly, both cats showed distension of the abdomen and marked edema of subcutaneous tissue, mainly in the abdominal, ventral cervical, and thoracic and pelvic members. In the abdominal and thoracic cavities, a moderate amount of serous-free liquid, slightly reddish was observed. The heart of both cats was enlarged, with a globose appearance and a slightly whitish epicardium. The left ventricular endocardium was mild and diffusely thick and whitish, in addition to moderate dilation of the left atrium. Histological analyses of the heart showed in both cats moderate and diffuse proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in the endocardial region. Discussion: Restrictive cardiomyopathy has major importance in feline medicine due to its severity and poor outcome. Pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, and ascites are common findings in cats with congestive heart failure; however, generalized subcutaneous edema is uncommon. To the author's knowledge, there are no published cases in the literature of anasarca in adult cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy. In human cardiology, this presentation is commonly related to congestive heart failure, and it is reported under several conditions, such as restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericarditis. The present study suggests that anasarca should be included in the list of associated clinical signs suggestive of severe congestive heart failure, mainly related to restrictive cardiomyopathy.