NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 can reduce the damage of pancreatic and intestinal barrier function in mice with acute pancreatitis

Purpose: Abnormal activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can lead to the occurrence and progression of acute pancreatitis. This study investigated the protective effect of MCC950 on pancreatitis mice. Methods: Eighteen mice were randomly divided into control group, severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group and SAP+MCC950 group. Serum interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the pathological damage. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and tight junction proteins in the small intestine and pancreas. Results: MCC950 could reduce the levels of IL-6 and IL-1ß in SAP mice. After treatment with MCC950, the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pancreas of SAP mice were significantly reduced and the pathological damage to the pancreas and intestine was alleviated. Compared with the control group, the expression of tight junction protein (ZO-1,occludin and claudin-4) in the intestinal mucosa of SAP mice was decreased, and the expression of claudin-4 and occludin were upregulated after MCC950 treatment. Conclusions: MCC950 can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and significantly reduce the inflammatory response and delay the process of pancreatitis. It has therapeutic potential in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Eurytrema coelomaticum infection: correlation between parasite burden and impairment of pancreatic exocrine enzyme secretion / Eurytrema coelomaticum: correlação entre carga parasitária e insuficiência pancreática exócrina

Eurytrema coelomaticum is a trematode reported in the pancreatic ducts of ruminants. It is conjectured that may cause disorders in the pancreas, as well as digestive and metabolic processes dependent on them. This study, determined if there is an impairment of exocrine pancreatic function, and correlated it with parasite burden. Pancreas, blood, and fecal samples were collected from 119 bovines at a abattoir. Stool samples were subjected to the gelatin and x-ray film digestion tests (to detect the presence of trypsin in feces). Using blood samples, the following biochemical tests were performed: amylase, lipase, glucose, fructosamine, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and globulins. Analyses were correlated with pancreatic parasite burden. Cattle with a high parasitic load presented higher incidence of negative tests in both gelatin digestion and x-ray film digestion tests (P < 0.001) when compared to non-parasitized animals and those with a low parasitic load. Changes in those tests only occurred if the parasitemia was moderate or severe. The activity of the amylase and lipase enzymes was significantly higher in animals with low parasitemia (P < 0.05), compared to non-parasitized animals and with a high parasitic burden. In this study, in cases of high parasitemia, negative results were observed in both gelatin and x-ray film in the feces digestion tests. However, the low infection of E. coelomaticum, higher levels of serum amylase and lipase that also indicated loss of pancreatic exocrine functions were reported.

Eurytrema coelomaticum, um trematódeo de ductos pancreáticos de ruminantes. Conjectura-se que possa ocasionar transtornos nas funções pancreáticas, mais especificamente nos processos digestivos e metabólicos dependentes destas. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi determinar se há comprometimento da função pancreática exócrina, correlacionado-a a carga parasitária. Foram utilizados pâncreas e respectivas amostras de sangue e fezes de 119 bovinos. As amostras de fezes foram submetidas aos testes de digestão da gelatina em tubo e digestão de filme radiográfico, ambos para detecção de tripsina nas fezes. Foram realizados os seguintes exames bioquímicos em amostras de sangue: amilase, lipase, glicemia, frutosamina, colesterol, triglicerídeos, proteínas totais, albumina e globulinas. Após isto, as análises bioquímicas foram correlacionadas com a quantidade numérica de parasitas encontrados no pâncreas (post-mortem). Houve maior quantidade de testes negativos (digestão do filme radiográfico e prova de digestão da gelatina) nos animais com alta carga parasitária (P < 0.001), quando comparados aos animais não parasitados e com baixa carga parasitária. Portanto, os exames supracitados se alteram somente se a quantidade de parasitas for moderada ou severa. As atividades das enzimas amilase e lipase foram significativamente maiores nos animais que apresentavam baixa parasitemia (P < 0.05), em comparação com os animais com alta carga parasitária e não parasitados. Conclui-se que em quadros de alta parasitemia há alteração significativa nos testes de digestão nas fezes, e que em quadros de baixa parasitemia há alterações significativas nos valores de amilase e lipase séricas, ambos comprovando alterações pancreáticas importantes, de acordo com o quadro de parasitemia.

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in a dog

Background: Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND), hepatocutaneous syndrome (HCS), metabolic epidermal necrosis (MEN), and necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) are useful terms to describe a disease that likely has a multifactorial etiopathogenesis. SND is a rare and fatal disease characterized by skin lesions and liver disease. Common skin lesions include hyperkeratosis, fissures, erosion, ulceration, crusting, exudation from the paws, face, perianal regions, and pressure points. This case report aimed to report the case of a bitch that developed the rare Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis disease, emphasizing the clinical signs of the disease, and the importance of complementary exams such as abdominal ultrasound and skin biopsy for the definitive diagnosis. Case: A 9-year-old, mixed-breed, neutered female was referred for clinical examination with 5 months history of hyperkeratosis and ulceration of the paw pads, presenting pain, lameness and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a liver with heterogeneous echotexture, mixed echogenicity, irregular and poorly delimited margins with hypoechoic nodules throughout like honeycombs. The gallbladder was visualized with a moderately thick layer. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of SND. Skin biopsies showed an increase in thickness of the epidermis due to irregular hyperplasia and proliferation of keratinocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis, pallor of the spinous layer of the epidermis and important parakeratosis. Due to the progression of the disease, significant worsening of the patient's clinical condition and pain, associated with the impossibility of cure, the animal was submitted to euthanasia. A necropsy was performed to allow assessment of the liver and pancreas. The biopsies showed a severe proliferative chronic hepatitis, steatosis and cholestasis associated with pancreatitis and necrotic multifocal proliferative fibrinopurulent areas in the pancreas. Discussion: Clinical signs such as lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, as well as the dermatological signs presented by this bitch are nonspecific clinical signs and require a deeper clinical, pathological and histopathological diagnostic investigation to reach the diagnosis of this disease. The definitive diagnosis is made on the basis of a characteristic honeycomb pattern in the liver or associated with a neoplastic finding in the pancreas on ultrasound examination and confirmed by histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies. Palliative treatment with corticosteroid anti-inflammatories, improvement in feed quality, with higher nutritional and protein intake and intravenous amino acid supplementation are suggested by some authors as treatment alternatives. However, not all owners can afford a costly lifetime treatment. With the progressive worsening of the condition, many owners opt for euthanasia as a way to shorten the suffering of the animal. This decision is not an easy one to make. Despite the poor prognosis of the disease, treatment options should be tried by veterinarians and owners prior to the option of euthanasia. However, new affordable nutritional and pharmacological strategies to treat or control the disease are needed in order to improve quality of life of SND patients.

Avaliação ultrassonográfica das vias biliares em cães e gatos: coletas e análises de registros médicos veterinários / Ultrasonographic evaluation of the bile ducts in dogs and cats: Collections and analyses of veterinary medical records

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar achados ultrassonográficos de cães e gatos diagnosticados com colestase, correlacionando alterações concomitantes com espécies, sexo, idade, peso, sinais clínicos e dilatação das vias biliares. O sistema biliar de pequenos animais é composto pela vesícula biliar e a árvore biliar. Desta forma, os felinos apresentam mais alterações nestas estruturas devido à anatomia diferenciada. A redução do fluxo biliar, conhecida como colestase, ocorre por inúmeras situações, sendo o ultrassom o principal exame diagnóstico empregado na medicina veterinária. Ductos biliares de 4 e 3mm de diâmetro são considerados normais para felinos e caninos, respectivamente. Neste estudo, os sistemas biliares de 41 animais, incluindo felinos e caninos, foram avaliados por ultrassonografia no Setor de Diagnóstico por Imagem do Hospital Veterinário de janeiro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020, demonstrando a presença de cálculos vesicais em ambas as populações, assim como alterações em ducto cístico associados à pancreatite em cães.

This study aimed to evaluate ultrasound findings of dogs and cats diagnosed with cholestasis, correlating concomitant alterations with species, sex, age, weight, clinical signs, and dilation of bile ducts. The biliary system of small animals is composed of the gallbladder and the biliary tree. Thus, the felines show more alterations in these structures due to their differentiated anatomy. The reduction of the bile flow, known as cholestasis, occurs as a result of numerous situations, with ultrasound being the main diagnostic exam applied in veterinary medicine. Bile ducts of 4 and 3mm diameter are considered normal for felines and canines, respectively. In this study, the biliary systems of 41 animals, including felines and canines, were evaluated using ultrasound at the Diagnostic Imaging Sector of the Veterinary Hospital from January 2019 to February 2020, demonstrating the presence of bladder stones in both populations, as well as changes in the cystic duct associated with pancreatitis in dogs.

Canine pancreatitis: the development of the pancreatic inflammatory condition and the clinical-therapeutic approach / Pancreatite canina: o desenvolvimento da condição inflamatória pancreática e a abordagem clínico-terapêutica / Pancreatitis canina: el desarrollo de la condición inflamatoria pancreática y el enfoque clínico-terapéutico

La pancreatitis, aguda o crónica, es una enfermedad grave para los perros, debido a su potencial nocivo y a la existencia de infradiagnóstico. La enfermedad sigue siendo objeto de estudios en cuanto a su fisiopatología y mecanismos terapéuticos, debido a que los signos que presentan los animales son inespecíficos y van desde presentaciones leves a severas. Puede provocar cambios morfofuncionales en el páncreas y órganos adyacentes. El diagnóstico puede ser una tarea muy difícil, ya sea por los síntomas variables y la gravedad de la enfermedad, o por los callejones sin salida experimentados en el momento de los exámenes complementarios. El manejo terapéutico se define en base a los síntomas que presentan los animales, que van desde la infusión de líquidos para reposición de volumen, analgésicos, antieméticos, antibióticos, alimentos especiales, entre otros.

Pancreatitis, acute or chronic, is a serious disease for dogs, due to its harmful potential and the existence of underdiagnosis. The disease is still the target of studies regarding its pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms, because the signs presented by the animals are nonspecific, ranging from mild to severe presentations. It can cause morphofunctional changes in the pancreas and adjacent organs. The diagnosis can be a very difficult task, either due to the variable symptoms and severity of the disease, or the impasses experienced at the time of the complementary exams. Therapeutic management is defined based on the symptoms presented by the animals, ranging from fluid infusion for volume replacement, analgesics, antiemetics, antibiotics, special food, among others.

A pancreatite é uma doença grave para os cães, tanto pelo seu potencial deletério quanto pela existência de subdiagnósticos, e pode ser classificada em aguda ou crônica. A doença ainda é alvo de estudos no que diz respeito a sua patofisiologia e mecanismos terapêuticos, uma vez que os sinais apresentados pelos animais são inespecíficos, variando desde apresentações brandas a graves. Pode causar alteração morfofuncional do pâncreas e órgãos adjacentes. O diagnóstico pode ser uma tarefa bastante difícil, seja pela sintomatologia variável e gravidade da doença como também pelos impasses vivenciados no momento da realização dos exames complementares. O manejo terapêutico é definido com base na sintomatologia apresentada pelos animais, variando desde a infusão de fluidos para reposição volêmica, analgésicos, antieméticos, antibióticos, alimentação especial, entre outros.

Canine pancreatitis: the development of the pancreatic inflammatory condition and the clinical-therapeutic approach / Pancreatite canina: o desenvolvimento da condição inflamatória pancreática e a abordagem clínico-terapêutica / Pancreatitis canina: el desarrollo de la condición inflamatoria pancreática y el enfoque clínico-terapéutico

La pancreatitis, aguda o crónica, es una enfermedad grave para los perros, debido a su potencial nocivo y a la existencia de infradiagnóstico. La enfermedad sigue siendo objeto de estudios en cuanto a su fisiopatología y mecanismos terapéuticos, debido a que los signos que presentan los animales son inespecíficos y van desde presentaciones leves a severas. Puede provocar cambios morfofuncionales en el páncreas y órganos adyacentes. El diagnóstico puede ser una tarea muy difícil, ya sea por los síntomas variables y la gravedad de la enfermedad, o por los callejones sin salida experimentados en el momento de los exámenes complementarios. El manejo terapéutico se define en base a los síntomas que presentan los animales, que van desde la infusión de líquidos para reposición de volumen, analgésicos, antieméticos, antibióticos, alimentos especiales, entre otros.(AU)

Pancreatitis, acute or chronic, is a serious disease for dogs, due to its harmful potential and the existence of underdiagnosis. The disease is still the target of studies regarding its pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms, because the signs presented by the animals are nonspecific, ranging from mild to severe presentations. It can cause morphofunctional changes in the pancreas and adjacent organs. The diagnosis can be a very difficult task, either due to the variable symptoms and severity of the disease, or the impasses experienced at the time of the complementary exams. Therapeutic management is defined based on the symptoms presented by the animals, ranging from fluid infusion for volume replacement, analgesics, antiemetics, antibiotics, special food, among others.(AU)

A pancreatite é uma doença grave para os cães, tanto pelo seu potencial deletério quanto pela existência de subdiagnósticos, e pode ser classificada em aguda ou crônica. A doença ainda é alvo de estudos no que diz respeito a sua patofisiologia e mecanismos terapêuticos, uma vez que os sinais apresentados pelos animais são inespecíficos, variando desde apresentações brandas a graves. Pode causar alteração morfofuncional do pâncreas e órgãos adjacentes. O diagnóstico pode ser uma tarefa bastante difícil, seja pela sintomatologia variável e gravidade da doença como também pelos impasses vivenciados no momento da realização dos exames complementares. O manejo terapêutico é definido com base na sintomatologia apresentada pelos animais, variando desde a infusão de fluidos para reposição volêmica, analgésicos, antieméticos, antibióticos, alimentação especial, entre outros.(AU)

Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure / Predisposição à pancreatite aguda em cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave

Patients with acute renal failure often have a negative energy balance, which promotes metabolic changes predisposing to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate laboratory parameters of 30 dogs with severe acute renal failure, to assess their relationship with the possibility of developing acute pancreatitis due to the negative energy balance, and to correlate these findings with the degree of renal failure. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, amylase, total lipase, and canine pancreatic lipase were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with severe acute renal failure. A greater serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and greater activity of pancreatic enzymes, particularly canine pancreatic lipase, as well as a stronger correlation between the latter and serum creatinine concentrations, were related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe acute renal failure. A greater degree of renal failure implied a greater predisposition to acute pancreatitis.(AU)

O portador de insuficiência renal aguda é um paciente que, muitas vezes, encontra-se sob importante condição de balanço energético negativo, gerando alterações metabólicas que predispõem a complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros laboratoriais de trinta cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave, quanto a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de pancreatite aguda em função do balanço energético negativo, e relacioná-los ao grau de gravidade da insuficiência renal. As concentrações séricas de ureia, creatinina, betahidroxibutirato, triglicérides, amilase, lipase total e lipase pancreática canina foram comparadas entre o grupo de cães hígidos e o de cães doentes. Observou-se maior concentração sérica de betahidroxibutirato e maior atividade das enzimas pancreáticas, especialmente da lipase pancreática canina, além de forte correlação entre esta última e a concentração sérica de creatinina, demonstrando a ocorrência de pancreatite aguda em pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda grave. Verificou-se também que quanto mais grave é a insuficiência renal, maior é a predisposição à pancreatite aguda.(AU)

Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure / Predisposição à pancreatite aguda em cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave

Patients with acute renal failure often have a negative energy balance, which promotes metabolic changes predisposing to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate laboratory parameters of 30 dogs with severe acute renal failure, to assess their relationship with the possibility of developing acute pancreatitis due to the negative energy balance, and to correlate these findings with the degree of renal failure. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, amylase, total lipase, and canine pancreatic lipase were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with severe acute renal failure. A greater serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and greater activity of pancreatic enzymes, particularly canine pancreatic lipase, as well as a stronger correlation between the latter and serum creatinine concentrations, were related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe acute renal failure. A greater degree of renal failure implied a greater predisposition to acute pancreatitis.(AU)

O portador de insuficiência renal aguda é um paciente que, muitas vezes, encontra-se sob importante condição de balanço energético negativo, gerando alterações metabólicas que predispõem a complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros laboratoriais de trinta cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave, quanto a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de pancreatite aguda em função do balanço energético negativo, e relacioná-los ao grau de gravidade da insuficiência renal. As concentrações séricas de ureia, creatinina, betahidroxibutirato, triglicérides, amilase, lipase total e lipase pancreática canina foram comparadas entre o grupo de cães hígidos e o de cães doentes. Observou-se maior concentração sérica de betahidroxibutirato e maior atividade das enzimas pancreáticas, especialmente da lipase pancreática canina, além de forte correlação entre esta última e a concentração sérica de creatinina, demonstrando a ocorrência de pancreatite aguda em pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda grave. Verificou-se também que quanto mais grave é a insuficiência renal, maior é a predisposição à pancreatite aguda.(AU)

Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure

ABSTRACT: Patients with acute renal failure often have a negative energy balance, which promotes metabolic changes predisposing to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate laboratory parameters of 30 dogs with severe acute renal failure, to assess their relationship with the possibility of developing acute pancreatitis due to the negative energy balance, and to correlate these findings with the degree of renal failure. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, amylase, total lipase, and canine pancreatic lipase were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with severe acute renal failure. A greater serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and greater activity of pancreatic enzymes, particularly canine pancreatic lipase, as well as a stronger correlation between the latter and serum creatinine concentrations, were related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe acute renal failure. A greater degree of renal failure implied a greater predisposition to acute pancreatitis.

RESUMO: O portador de insuficiência renal aguda é um paciente que, muitas vezes, encontra-se sob importante condição de balanço energético negativo, gerando alterações metabólicas que predispõem a complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros laboratoriais de trinta cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave, quanto a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de pancreatite aguda em função do balanço energético negativo, e relacioná-los ao grau de gravidade da insuficiência renal. As concentrações séricas de ureia, creatinina, betahidroxibutirato, triglicérides, amilase, lipase total e lipase pancreática canina foram comparadas entre o grupo de cães hígidos e o de cães doentes. Observou-se maior concentração sérica de betahidroxibutirato e maior atividade das enzimas pancreáticas, especialmente da lipase pancreática canina, além de forte correlação entre esta última e a concentração sérica de creatinina, demonstrando a ocorrência de pancreatite aguda em pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda grave. Verificou-se também que quanto mais grave é a insuficiência renal, maior é a predisposição à pancreatite aguda.

Pancreatectomia secundária à aderência após ovário-histerectomia em uma cadela - relato de caso / Pancreatectomy secondary to adherence after ovary-histerectomy in a female dog - a case report / Pancreatectomía secundaria a una adherencia después de ovario histerectomía en una perra ­ relato de caso

O procedimento cirúrgico eletivo realizado com maior frequência na rotina veterinária é a ovário-histerectomia (OVH), com isso há uma alta casuística de complicações pós-operatórias. Entre elas, pode-se citar piometra de coto, ligadura acidental de ureter, síndrome do ovário remanescente, formação de granulomas inflamatórios e aderências a órgãos. Os granulomas de coto ovariano são formados, geralmente por um fio de sutura utilizado inadequadamente, ou a um sítio de infecção. Tais granulomas podem levar à aderências, inclusive a órgãos próximos ao sítio cirúrgico. O presente relato refere-se a uma cadela, que apresentou granulomas ovarianos com aderências no pâncreas e em diversos órgãos após a ovário-histerectomia. Para a solução do caso, foi realizado uma celiotomia exploratória para avaliação da cavidade abdominal, retirada das aderências das estruturas e das formações granulomatosas, sendo necessária a realização de uma pancreatectomia parcial para a retirada completa do granuloma. Após a cirurgia, o paciente desenvolveu quadro de pancreatite, uma complicação muito comum em cirurgias pancreáticas. Ainda assim, o resultado foi considerado satisfatório, pois a pancreatite foi solucionada e os granulomas removidos, e até a última revisão pós-operatória, o paciente encontrava-se bem clinicamente. A OVH é uma das cirurgias mais realizadas na rotina médico veterinária, ainda assim é negligenciada em diversos quesitos. Portanto, há a necessidade dessa técnica cirúrgica e suas possíveis complicações serem realizadas de maneira correta e efetiva.(AU)

The most frequently elective surgical procedure performed in the veterinary routine is the ovary hysterectomy (OVH). As such, there is a high number of post-operative complications, which include stump pyometra, accidental ligation of the ureter, remnant ovary syndrome, formation of inflammatory granulomas, and organ adhesions. Ovarian stump granulomas are usually formed by suture which has been improperly used, or to infection. Such granulomas can lead to adhesions, also affecting organs close to the surgical site. This report refers to a female dog that presented ovarian granulomas with adhesions to the pancreas and to several organs after ovary-hysterectomy. In order to solve the case, an exploratory celiotomy was performed to assess the abdominal cavity, removing the adhesions of the structures and granulomatous formations, which required the performance of a partial pancreatectomy for the thorough removal of the granuloma. After surgery, the patient developed pancreatitis, a very common complication in pancreatic surgery. Even so, the result was considered satisfactory, as the pancreatitis was resolved and the granulomas removed and until the last post-operative review, the patient was clinically well. OVH is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in the veterinary medical routine, yet it is neglected in several aspects. Therefore, there is a need for the surgical technique and its possible complications to be performed correctly and effectively.(AU)

El procedimiento quirúrgico electivo que se realiza con mayor frecuencia en la rutina veterinaria es la ovario-histerectomía (OVH), con que existe un elevado número de complicaciones postoperatorias. Estos incluyen piometra del muñón, ligadura accidental del uréter, síndrome de ovario remanente, formación de granulomas inflamatorios y adherencias a órganos. Los granulomas del muñón ovárico se forman por lo general por una sutura mal utilizada o en un sitio de infección. Dichos granulomas pueden provocar adherencias, incluso a órganos cercanos al sitio quirúrgico. El presente informe se refiere a una perra, quien presentó granulomas ováricos con adherencias en el páncreas y en varios órganos tras ovario histerectomía. Para la solución del caso se realizó una celiotomía exploratoria para acceder la cavidad abdominal, removiendo las adherencias de las estructuras y formaciones granulomatosas, requiriendo la realización de una pancreatectomía parcial para la extirpación completa del granuloma. Después de la cirugía, la paciente desarrolló pancreatitis, una complicación muy común en la cirugía pancreática. Aun así, el resultado se consideró satisfactorio, ya que se resolvió la pancreatitis y se retiraron los granulomas, y hasta la última revisión postoperatoria la paciente se encontraba clínicamente bien. La OVH es una de las cirugías que se realizan con mayor frecuencia en la rutina médica veterinaria, pero se descuida en varios aspectos. Por tanto, existe la necesidad de que esta técnica quirúrgica y sus posibles complicaciones se realicen de forma correcta y eficaz.(AU)

Pancreatectomia secundária à aderência após ovário-histerectomia em uma cadela - relato de caso / Pancreatectomy secondary to adherence after ovary-histerectomy in a female dog - a case report / Pancreatectomía secundaria a una adherencia después de ovario histerectomía en una perra ­ relato de caso

O procedimento cirúrgico eletivo realizado com maior frequência na rotina veterinária é a ovário-histerectomia (OVH), com isso há uma alta casuística de complicações pós-operatórias. Entre elas, pode-se citar piometra de coto, ligadura acidental de ureter, síndrome do ovário remanescente, formação de granulomas inflamatórios e aderências a órgãos. Os granulomas de coto ovariano são formados, geralmente por um fio de sutura utilizado inadequadamente, ou a um sítio de infecção. Tais granulomas podem levar à aderências, inclusive a órgãos próximos ao sítio cirúrgico. O presente relato refere-se a uma cadela, que apresentou granulomas ovarianos com aderências no pâncreas e em diversos órgãos após a ovário-histerectomia. Para a solução do caso, foi realizado uma celiotomia exploratória para avaliação da cavidade abdominal, retirada das aderências das estruturas e das formações granulomatosas, sendo necessária a realização de uma pancreatectomia parcial para a retirada completa do granuloma. Após a cirurgia, o paciente desenvolveu quadro de pancreatite, uma complicação muito comum em cirurgias pancreáticas. Ainda assim, o resultado foi considerado satisfatório, pois a pancreatite foi solucionada e os granulomas removidos, e até a última revisão pós-operatória, o paciente encontrava-se bem clinicamente. A OVH é uma das cirurgias mais realizadas na rotina médico veterinária, ainda assim é negligenciada em diversos quesitos. Portanto, há a necessidade dessa técnica cirúrgica e suas possíveis complicações serem realizadas de maneira correta e efetiva.(AU)

The most frequently elective surgical procedure performed in the veterinary routine is the ovary hysterectomy (OVH). As such, there is a high number of post-operative complications, which include stump pyometra, accidental ligation of the ureter, remnant ovary syndrome, formation of inflammatory granulomas, and organ adhesions. Ovarian stump granulomas are usually formed by suture which has been improperly used, or to infection. Such granulomas can lead to adhesions, also affecting organs close to the surgical site. This report refers to a female dog that presented ovarian granulomas with adhesions to the pancreas and to several organs after ovary-hysterectomy. In order to solve the case, an exploratory celiotomy was performed to assess the abdominal cavity, removing the adhesions of the structures and granulomatous formations, which required the performance of a partial pancreatectomy for the thorough removal of the granuloma. After surgery, the patient developed pancreatitis, a very common complication in pancreatic surgery. Even so, the result was considered satisfactory, as the pancreatitis was resolved and the granulomas removed and until the last post-operative review, the patient was clinically well. OVH is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in the veterinary medical routine, yet it is neglected in several aspects. Therefore, there is a need for the surgical technique and its possible complications to be performed correctly and effectively.(AU)

El procedimiento quirúrgico electivo que se realiza con mayor frecuencia en la rutina veterinaria es la ovario-histerectomía (OVH), con que existe un elevado número de complicaciones postoperatorias. Estos incluyen piometra del muñón, ligadura accidental del uréter, síndrome de ovario remanente, formación de granulomas inflamatorios y adherencias a órganos. Los granulomas del muñón ovárico se forman por lo general por una sutura mal utilizada o en un sitio de infección. Dichos granulomas pueden provocar adherencias, incluso a órganos cercanos al sitio quirúrgico. El presente informe se refiere a una perra, quien presentó granulomas ováricos con adherencias en el páncreas y en varios órganos tras ovario histerectomía. Para la solución del caso se realizó una celiotomía exploratoria para acceder la cavidad abdominal, removiendo las adherencias de las estructuras y formaciones granulomatosas, requiriendo la realización de una pancreatectomía parcial para la extirpación completa del granuloma. Después de la cirugía, la paciente desarrolló pancreatitis, una complicación muy común en la cirugía pancreática. Aun así, el resultado se consideró satisfactorio, ya que se resolvió la pancreatitis y se retiraron los granulomas, y hasta la última revisión postoperatoria la paciente se encontraba clínicamente bien. La OVH es una de las cirugías que se realizan con mayor frecuencia en la rutina médica veterinaria, pero se descuida en varios aspectos. Por tanto, existe la necesidad de que esta técnica quirúrgica y sus posibles complicaciones se realicen de forma correcta y eficaz.(AU)

Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico associado a manifestações neurológicas em cadela da raça Border Collie / Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with neurological manifestations in a Border Collie bitch

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an immune-mediated and multisystemic disorder which etiology is believed to be multifactorial. Its clinical signs vary accordingly to affected organs, cutaneous lesions being the most frequently observed. There are few reports of SLE in dogs with neurological manifestations. Therefore, the aim of this report is to describe a case of SLE in a dog with indicative signs of nervous system involvement. Case: A 6-year-old Border Collie bitch was referred to the Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the University of Uberaba (UNIUBE) with a history of cluster seizures, inappetence and urinary incontinence. Erythema and flaking of nasal plan were noted on physical examination, and splenomegaly on abdominal palpation. Thrombocytopenia and slightly increased ALT were found on blood tests. Ehrlichiosis was suspected and doxycycline was prescribed along with phenobarbital for the control of seizures. In the follow-up visit, the dog was still presenting urinary incontinence, thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. Also, an ulcer on the nasal mucocutaneous junction was observed. The patient went through a neurological examination which indicated thalamocortical lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained for cytology, culture and canine distemper test, and serology tests for leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis were done. No alterations were found in these exams. The histopathology of the nasal lesion was proceeded and showed results consistent with lupus erythematosus. It was prescribed a 15-day course of prednisolone at immunosuppressive dose. The patient showed clinical improvement with this treatment. Azathioprine was started along with gradual removal of prednisolone. After twenty days of discontinuation of this drug, the dog presented epileptic seizures, urinary incontinence, thrombocytopenia, increased ALT and worsened nasal lesion. Prednisolone at immunosuppressive dose was reintroduced and the dose of phenobarbital, increased. One week past this, the patient showed inappetence and an extensive hematoma in the thoracic region. Lab exams confirmed drug-induced acute pancreatitis. All medications were interrupted, the patient was hospitalized, and treatment for pancreatitis was initiated, but the dog passed away. Discussion: For involving multiple body systems and for presenting varied clinical signs, diagnosing SLE can be challenging in clinical routine. The dog from this report was a Border Collie; this breed is considered to be predisposed to this disease. The animal had a history of being exposed to solar radiation for a large part of the day, had dyspigmentation of nasal plan and had no application of sunscreen, predisposing the occurrence of SLE. Neurological signs are uncommon in SLE, but the seizures and the urinary incontinence were the main reasons for the dog's guardian to look for medical assistance. The suspicion for SLE was raised due to cutaneous manifestations and persistent thrombocytopenia along with splenomegaly. Histopathological findings are essential for diagnosing SLE, as well as antinuclear antibody tests. Nonetheless, due to financial limitations, this last test was not performed. Azathioprine is an immunomodulating drug largely used along with glucocorticoids when treating SLE; however, this medication is prone to induce side effects as the ones presented by the dog from this report. Therefore, it is concluded that SLE should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients showing cutaneous, hematological, systemic and neurological manifestations, considering the variety of signs caused by this disorder.(AU)

Partial obstruction and intestinal bleeding secondary to a congenital duodenal diverticulum in a dog

Background: Intestinal diverticulum is an abnormality resulting in the formation of a blind-ended saccular pouch that canbe acquired either congenital, true (involving all intestinal layers) or false (involving the mucosa and submucosa), withextraluminal and intraluminal type. In humans, the acquired is more frequent, the colon is the most affected segment followed by duodenum; and majority cases of duodenal diverticula remains asymptomatic, but biliary obstruction, recurrentacute pancreatitis, hemorrhagic ulcer, proximal intestinal obstruction and perforation may occur. The aim of this report isto present a case of a congenital disease in dogs, prone to misdiagnosis due to non-specific clinical signs.Case: An 8-month-old male Boxer was evaluated due to recurrent hyporexia, vomiting, melena and syncope over threemonths with signs of a possible intestinal obstruction. Physical examination showed no abnormalities except for palemucous membranes. Complete blood count revealed anemia and leukocytosis. Platelets and biochemical profiles werenormal. Abdominal ultrasound examination indicated a dilated duodenum, measuring approximately 3.36 cm in diameter,with heterogeneous fluid content and hyperechoic structures with acoustic shadow, peristalsis appeared decreased andnon-progressive. The gastrointestinal positive contrast study was performed to better evaluate abnormalities detected atultrasonography. Images after 30 min of contrast administration demonstrated a marked distension of the duodenum, filledwith contrast and a mildly filled stomach displaced to the left. Sixty min after contrast administration a marked distensionof the entire duodenum, with tortuous aspect and filled with contrast was seen. The caudal duodenal flexure was connectedto a large barium filled saccular structure that measured approximately 7 cm in diameter...

Partial obstruction and intestinal bleeding secondary to a congenital duodenal diverticulum in a dog

Background: Intestinal diverticulum is an abnormality resulting in the formation of a blind-ended saccular pouch that canbe acquired either congenital, true (involving all intestinal layers) or false (involving the mucosa and submucosa), withextraluminal and intraluminal type. In humans, the acquired is more frequent, the colon is the most affected segment followed by duodenum; and majority cases of duodenal diverticula remains asymptomatic, but biliary obstruction, recurrentacute pancreatitis, hemorrhagic ulcer, proximal intestinal obstruction and perforation may occur. The aim of this report isto present a case of a congenital disease in dogs, prone to misdiagnosis due to non-specific clinical signs.Case: An 8-month-old male Boxer was evaluated due to recurrent hyporexia, vomiting, melena and syncope over threemonths with signs of a possible intestinal obstruction. Physical examination showed no abnormalities except for palemucous membranes. Complete blood count revealed anemia and leukocytosis. Platelets and biochemical profiles werenormal. Abdominal ultrasound examination indicated a dilated duodenum, measuring approximately 3.36 cm in diameter,with heterogeneous fluid content and hyperechoic structures with acoustic shadow, peristalsis appeared decreased andnon-progressive. The gastrointestinal positive contrast study was performed to better evaluate abnormalities detected atultrasonography. Images after 30 min of contrast administration demonstrated a marked distension of the duodenum, filledwith contrast and a mildly filled stomach displaced to the left. Sixty min after contrast administration a marked distensionof the entire duodenum, with tortuous aspect and filled with contrast was seen. The caudal duodenal flexure was connectedto a large barium filled saccular structure that measured approximately 7 cm in diameter...(AU)

Successful treatment and management of canine ehrlichiosis-leishmaniosis-heartworm comorbidity

Background: Canine vector borne diseases (CVBD) are common in tropical countries where the climate favors arthropods abundance. Comorbidity with one or more CVBD are reported as clinical complication and worsen prognostic. Canine visceral leishmaniosis (CanL) is an endemic zoonotic disease in Brazil caused by Leishmania infantum, with several restrictions to canine treatment and suggestion of reservoirs euthanasia for disease control. Heartworm (HW) is a helminthic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. It is a chronic heart disease, which can lead to death by congestive heart failure. Canine ehrlichiosis (CE) is caused by Ehrlichia canis bacterial infection with a zoonotic potential and fatal to dogs in acute and chronic presentations. Exposed the above, this study aims to describe a successful treatment and management of a dog with CanL, CE, and HW comorbidity. Case: A 3-year-old male uncastrated black Labrador dog, weighing 35 kg, was admitted to the veterinary clinic due to immunochromatographic CanL positive test performed by municipal zoonosis control center active surveillance. Clinical exam showed a mild shedding, intermittent eye white/yellow discharge and popliteal lymph nodes enlargement. After positive for CanL, veterinary requested more laboratorial exams. IFAT and ELISA were positive for CanL, blood smear showed presence of microfilaria, and bone marrow cytology showed Ehrlichia spp. morulae and microfilaria. Initial treatment prescribed was oral doxycycline, omeprazole, ranitidine, and domperidone for 30 days, and allopurinol and ivermectin until further recommendation. Additionally, repellent collar, repellent spray and vitamin supplement was indicated. After first month, marbofloxacin for 30 days and three doses of immunostimulant drug were administrated. After three months of treatment, dog still positive for heartworm, ehrlichiosis, and CanL. Doxycycline protocol was repeated. Dog became consistently negative for all pathogens one year later with persistent thrombocytopenia but without clinical signs, ergo allopurinol and ivermectin were discontinued. After 4 years of follow up, the animal had an acute pancreatitis and died, with unremarkable total blood count and negative for all pathogens. Discussion: CVBD coinfections are commonly reported as worsen prognostic in endemic regions. The pathogens reported here share a host immunomodulation competence. L. infantum and Ehrlichia spp. downregulates Th1 response, whereas D. immitis increase as Th2 profile. The therapeutic protocol was iniciated by staging CanL. Since the patient had clinical signs, allopurinol was prescribed as a well-established drug for CanL. Marbofloxacin was added due to its high safety drug in clinical improvement of infected dogs with and without renal disease and in vitro effectiveness against L. infantum. Domperidone was used to promote Th1 cytokine profile as INF-γ, IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-α. We used an immunostimulant protocol to favor polarization to the Th1 profile comprised by 30 days of domperidone protocol followed by a vaccine and an immunomodulator. Doxycycline was used successfully for Ehrlichia spp. and HE clearance after 2 treatment courses and 1 year of ivermectin every 15 days. The animal presented intermittent coughing episodes on the first treatment course, but no medical intervention was needed besides exercise restriction. Our report shows the successful management of one dog with CanL, CE and HE comorbidity. This success was possible due to early detection and good therapeutic choice.(AU)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors protectagainst the acute lung injuries resulting from acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Purpose: The research is intended for clarification of the efficacy as well as the underlying mechanism of GSK-3β inhibitors on the advancement of acute lung injuries in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) in rats. Methods: Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1)ANP-vehicle; (2)ANP-TDZD-8;(3)ANP-SB216763;(4)Sham-vehicle;(5)Sham-TDZD-8;(6)Sham-SB216763; Blood biochemical test, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis of rats pancreas and lung tissues were performed. The protein expression of GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9), iNOS, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected in lung tissues by Western-blot. Results: The outcomes revealed that the intervention of GSK-3β inhibitors alleviated the pathological damage of pancreas and lung (P<0.01), reduced serum amylase, lipase, hydrothorax and lung Wet-to-Dry Ratio, attenuated serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0.01), inhibited the activation of NF-κB, and abated expression of iNOS, ICAM-1 and TNF-α protein, but up-regulated IL-10 expression in lung of ANP rats (P<0.01). The inflammatory response and various indicators in ANP-TDZD-8 groups were lower than those in ANP-SB216763 groups. Conclusions: Inhibition of GSK-3β weakens acute lung injury related to ANP via the inhibitory function of NF-κB signaling pathway. Different kinds of GSK-3β inhibitors have different effects to ANP acute lung injury.(AU)

Tríade felina / Feline triad

A tríade felina é uma síndrome que envolve o desenvolvimento concomitante de colangite, pancreatite e doença inflamatória intestinal (DII). Os gatos têm condições anatômicas que os predispõem ao desenvolvimento dessas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto e relatar um caso de tríade felina. Gata de 14 anos, castrada e sem raça definida, foi atendida em uma clínica particular na cidade de Fortaleza -Ceará. Na ananese, o responsável se queixou dos sinais clínicos de vômito, anorexia, apatia, letargia, ausência de defecação e icterícia. Foi realizada biópsia do fígado, duodeno e pâncreas por laparotomia exploradora. A análise histopatológica desses órgãos revelou a presença de colangite esclerosante crônica acentuada, pancreatite crônica leve e DII crônica. O paciente não resistiu às complicações do quadro clínico e morreu dois dias após a avaliação clínica. Métodos invasivos, como laparotomia exploradora para biópsia incisional, ainda são, apesar do custo e do risco anestésico envolvidos, os meios mais adequados para obter amostras para exame histopatológico e para fazer um diagnóstico definitivo se houver suspeita de tríade felina.(AU)

The feline triad is a syndrome that involves the concomitant development of cholangitis, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cats have anatomical conditions that pre-dispose them to the development of these diseases. The objective of this work was toper form a literature review on the subject and report a feline triad case. A 14-year-old female cat, spayed and with no defined breed was attended in a private clinic in the city of Fortaleza- Ceará. In the anamnesis, the guardian complained of the symptoms of vomiting, anorexia, apathy, lethargy, absence of defecation and jaundice. It was performed a biopsy of liver, duodenum and pancreas by exploratory laparotomy. The histopathological analysis of these organs revealed the presence of marked chronic sclerosing cholangitis, mild chronic pancreatitis and chronic IBD. The patient did not withstand the complications of the clinical condition and came to death two days after clinic evaluation. Invasive methods such as exploratory laparotomy for incisional biopsy are still, despite the cost and anesthetic risk involved, the most appropriate means to obtain samples for histopathological examination and to make a definitive diagnosis if feline triad is suspected.(AU)

Pancreatic multifocal necrosis in female cat: case report / Necrose multifocal pancreática em gata: relato de caso

Pancreatitis is the inflammatory process of the exocrine pancreas, with necrosis and fibrosis as the main structural alterations. Felines may present the acute and chronic forms of the disease. A domestic, female, undefined feline (srd) was taken to a Private Veterinary Hospital in the city of Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. The animal had signs of apathy, prostration, inappetence, anorexia and bilateral exposure of the third eyelid. After the physical examination, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical exams. Abdominal ultrasonography was also requested, where reverberation was detected in the region of the intestinal loop, hyperechogenicity of the duodenal wall and reverberation of the pancreas. According to the results of the blood tests and ultrasonographic findings, we opted for exploratory laparotomy. During the surgical procedure a pancreatic fragment was collected for histopathological analysis. The histopathologic result was compatible with moderate multifocal pancreatic necrosis. Therefore, was instituted antibiotic therapy with Enrofloxacin (5 mg / kg, BID, IM for 5 days), analgesia with Tramadol Hydrochloride (2 mg/kg, BID, IV for 4 days) and Betamethasone (0.3 mg/kg, SID, IV). After the beginning of treatment with corticosteroid, the animal began to improve and eat. Many cases are diagnosed as acute or chronic pancreatitis only due to changes in pancreatic enzymes and ultrasonographic changes in the pancreas, using histopathological examination, which is a more instructive technique. It is very likely that pancreatic necrosis is not a pathology of low incidence, but rather poorly diagnosed due to difficulties in performing a biopsy.

A pancreatite é o processo inflamatório do pâncreas exócrino, tendo a necrose e a fibrose como principais alterações estruturais. Felinos podem apresentar as formas aguda e crônica da doença. Foi levado a um Hospital Veterinário Particular na cidade de Guarulhos, estado de São Paulo, um felino doméstico, fêmea, sem raça definida (srd). O animal apresentava sinais de apatia, prostração, inapetência, anorexia e exposição bilateral da terceira pálpebra. Após o exame físico, foi feita coleta de sangue para realização de exames hematológicos e bioquímicos. Foram solicitados ainda ultrassonografia abdominal, onde foi detectada reverberação em região de alça intestinal, hiperecogenicidade de parede duodenal e reverberação de pâncreas. De acordo com os resultados dos exames de sangue e os achados ultrassonográficos, optou-se pela laparotomia exploratória. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi coletado um fragmento pancreático para análise histopatológica. O resultado do histopatológico foi compatível com necrose pancreática multifocal moderada. Sendo assim, foi instituída antibióticoterapia com Enrofloxacina (5 mg/kg, BID, IM, durante 5 dias), analgesia com Cloridrato de Tramadol (2 mg/kg, BID, IV, durante 4 dias) e Betametasona (0,3 mg/kg, SID, IV). Após o início do tratamento com corticosteróide, o animal começou a apresentar melhora, voltando a se alimentar. Muitos casos são diagnosticados como pancreatite aguda ou crônica apenas por conta das alterações em enzimas pancreáticas e alterações ultrassonográficas em pâncreas, lançando mão do exame histopatológico, que é uma técnica mais elucidativa. Muito provável que a necrose pancreática não seja uma patologia de baixa incidência, e sim, pouco diagnosticada, devido às dificuldades em se realizar biópsia.

Pancreatic multifocal necrosis in female cat: case report / Necrose multifocal pancreática em gata: relato de caso

Pancreatitis is the inflammatory process of the exocrine pancreas, with necrosis and fibrosis as the main structural alterations. Felines may present the acute and chronic forms of the disease. A domestic, female, undefined feline (srd) was taken to a Private Veterinary Hospital in the city of Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. The animal had signs of apathy, prostration, inappetence, anorexia and bilateral exposure of the third eyelid. After the physical examination, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical exams. Abdominal ultrasonography was also requested, where reverberation was detected in the region of the intestinal loop, hyperechogenicity of the duodenal wall and reverberation of the pancreas. According to the results of the blood tests and ultrasonographic findings, we opted for exploratory laparotomy. During the surgical procedure a pancreatic fragment was collected for histopathological analysis. The histopathologic result was compatible with moderate multifocal pancreatic necrosis. Therefore, was instituted antibiotic therapy with Enrofloxacin (5 mg / kg, BID, IM for 5 days), analgesia with Tramadol Hydrochloride (2 mg/kg, BID, IV for 4 days) and Betamethasone (0.3 mg/kg, SID, IV). After the beginning of treatment with corticosteroid, the animal began to improve and eat. Many cases are diagnosed as acute or chronic pancreatitis only due to changes in pancreatic enzymes and ultrasonographic changes in the pancreas, using histopathological examination, which is a more instructive technique. It is very likely that pancreatic necrosis is not a pathology of low incidence, but rather poorly diagnosed due to difficulties in performing a biopsy.(AU)

A pancreatite é o processo inflamatório do pâncreas exócrino, tendo a necrose e a fibrose como principais alterações estruturais. Felinos podem apresentar as formas aguda e crônica da doença. Foi levado a um Hospital Veterinário Particular na cidade de Guarulhos, estado de São Paulo, um felino doméstico, fêmea, sem raça definida (srd). O animal apresentava sinais de apatia, prostração, inapetência, anorexia e exposição bilateral da terceira pálpebra. Após o exame físico, foi feita coleta de sangue para realização de exames hematológicos e bioquímicos. Foram solicitados ainda ultrassonografia abdominal, onde foi detectada reverberação em região de alça intestinal, hiperecogenicidade de parede duodenal e reverberação de pâncreas. De acordo com os resultados dos exames de sangue e os achados ultrassonográficos, optou-se pela laparotomia exploratória. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi coletado um fragmento pancreático para análise histopatológica. O resultado do histopatológico foi compatível com necrose pancreática multifocal moderada. Sendo assim, foi instituída antibióticoterapia com Enrofloxacina (5 mg/kg, BID, IM, durante 5 dias), analgesia com Cloridrato de Tramadol (2 mg/kg, BID, IV, durante 4 dias) e Betametasona (0,3 mg/kg, SID, IV). Após o início do tratamento com corticosteróide, o animal começou a apresentar melhora, voltando a se alimentar. Muitos casos são diagnosticados como pancreatite aguda ou crônica apenas por conta das alterações em enzimas pancreáticas e alterações ultrassonográficas em pâncreas, lançando mão do exame histopatológico, que é uma técnica mais elucidativa. Muito provável que a necrose pancreática não seja uma patologia de baixa incidência, e sim, pouco diagnosticada, devido às dificuldades em se realizar biópsia.(AU)

Tríade felina / Feline triad

A tríade felina é uma síndrome que envolve o desenvolvimento concomitante de colangite, pancreatite e doença inflamatória intestinal (DII). Os gatos têm condições anatômicas que os predispõem ao desenvolvimento dessas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto e relatar um caso de tríade felina. Gata de 14 anos, castrada e sem raça definida, foi atendida em uma clínica particular na cidade de Fortaleza - Ceará. Na ananese, o responsável se queixou dos sinis clinicos de vômito, anorexia, apatia, letargia, ausência de defecação e icterícia. Foi realizada biópsia do fígado, duodeno e pâncreas por laparotomia exploradora. A análise histopatológica desses órgãos revelou a presença de colangite esclerosante crônica acentuada, pancreatite crônica leve e DII crônica. O paciente não resistiu às complicações do quadro clínico e morreu dois dias após a avaliação clínica. Métodos invasivos, como laparotomia exploradora para biópsia incisional, ainda são, apesar do custo e do risco anestésico envolvidos, os meios mais adequados para obter amostras para exame histopatológico e para fazer um diagnóstico definitivo se houver suspeita de tríade felina.

The feline triad is a syndrome that involves the concomitant development of cholangitis, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cats have anatomical conditions that pre-dispose them to the development of these diseases. The objective of this work was to perform a literature review on the subject and report a feline triad case. A 14-year-old female cat, spayed and with no defined breed was attended in a private clinic in the city of Fortaleza - Ceará. In the anamnesis, the guardian complained of the symptoms of vomiting, anorexia, apathy, lethargy, absence of defecation and jaundice. It was performed a biopsy of liver, duodenum and pancreas by exploratory laparotomy. The histopathological analysis of these organs revealed the presence of marked chronic sclerosing cholangitis, mild chronic pancreatitis and chronic IBD. The patient did not withstand the complications of the clinical condition and came to death two days after clinic evaluation. Invasive methods such as exploratory laparotomy for incisional biopsy are still, despite the cost and anesthetic risk involved, the most appropriate means to obtain samples for histopathological examination and to make a definitive diagnosis if feline triad is suspected.