Hemangiossarcoma pouco diferenciado grau II em seio nasal esquerdo de cão: relato de caso / Grade II poorly differentiated hemangiosarcoma in the left nasal sinus of dog: case report

Hemangiossarcoma é um câncer com alto poder de malignidade e metástase, tendo origem em células endoteliais de vasos sanguíneos, é frequentemente encontrado em baço, pele e raramente em cavidade nasal de cães. Foi atendido um cão, SRD, de 13 anos, com secreção nasal hemorrágica em narina esquerda e aumento de volume dorsal ao nariz que se estendia até seio frontal, com exoftalmia de globo ocular esquerdo, tendo se instalado de forma aguda. Pela radiografia de crânio nas projeções latero-lateral obliqua e dorso ventral, observou-se lise óssea dos seios nasal, frontal e orbital. Colhido material para Citopatologia, o diagnóstico presuntivo foi osteossarcoma. A fim de se planejar o ato cirúrgico, realizou se a tomografia computadorizada de crânio, que evidenciou formação na cavidade nasal esquerda, com expansão até o osso orbital, sem acometimento de linfonodos regionais. A fim de se avaliar a hemostasia e possibilidades de tromboembolismo no pós-cirúrgico, realizou-se o tromboelastograma e o paciente tinha possibilidades de realizar trombo. Ele foi operado com sucesso, removida a maior parte da massa tumoral e utilizada a eletroquimioterapia no leito cirúrgico. O diagnóstico histopatológico foi hemangiossarcoma pouco diferenciado grau 2. O paciente recebeu tratamento com anti-coagulante nos dias seguintes, teve uma recuperação satisfatória e iniciou-se a quimioterapia adjuvante com doxorubicina após 1 mês da cirurgia, entretanto, ele apresentou quadro de sangramento difuso compatível com CID e veio a óbito. Os hemangiossarcomas são raros na cavidade nasal de cães e parece adotar um pior comportamento nesta região, quando comparado ao baço e pele, inclusive com possibilidade de síndrome para-neoplásica. O trombolestograma tem se mostrado um exame importante para avaliação do equilíbrio hemostático no controle as doenças neoplásicas.

Hemangiosarcoma is a cancer with high power of malignancy and metastasis, originating in endothelial cells of blood vessels, it is often found in the spleen, skin and rarely in the nasal cavity of dogs. A dog, SRD, 13 years old, was treated with hemorrhagic nasal discharge in the left nostril and increase in volume dorsal to the nose that extended to the frontal sinus, with exophthalmos of the left eyeball, which had been installed acutely. On the skull X-ray in the lateral oblique and dorsal-ventral projections, bone lysis of the nasal, frontal and orbital sinuses was observed. After collecting material for cytopathology, the presumptive diagnosis was osteosarcoma. In order to plan the surgical act, a computed tomography scan of the skull was performed, which showed formation in the left nasal cavity, with expansion up to the orbital bone, without involvement of regional lymph nodes. In order to assess hemostasis and possibilities of thromboembolism in the postoperative period, a thromboelastogram was performed and the patient had possibilities of having a thrombus. He was successfully operated on, removing most of the tumor mass and using electrochemotherapy in the surgical bed. The histopathological diagnosis was grade 2 poorly differentiated hemangiosarcoma. The patient received treatment with anticoagulants in the following days, had a satisfactory recovery and adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin was started 1 month after surgery, however, he presented compatible diffuse bleeding. with ICD and died. Hemangiosarcomas are rare in the nasal cavity of dogs and seem to have a worse behavior in this region when compared to the spleen and skin, including the possibility of paraneoplastic syndrome. The thrombolestogram has been shown to be an important test for evaluating the hemostatic balance in the control of neoplastic diseases.

Neuropatia periférica focal associada ao linfoma em cães / Focal peripheral neuropathy associated with lymphoma in dogs

Background: Peripheral neuropathies result in sensory, motor or autonomic dysfunctions due to impairment of peripheral spinal or cranial nerves. Neoplasms such as lymphoma are cited as one of the many aetiological causes and it mayaffect the nerve directly, by compression, or indirectly (paraneoplastic) by remote action of the neoplasm located in anextra-neural site. This study aimed to report two cases of cranial nerve neuropathy (trigeminal and facial) associated withcanine lymphoma, contributing to a better understanding of its paraneoplastic effects on the nervous system, as well asthe diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.Cases: Two cases of canine lymphoma associated with possible signs of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy were attendedat the Veterinary Hospital from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HV UFMG). Case 1. A spayed mixed breedbitch, with lethargy and unilateral exophthalmos. Brain computed tomography revealed a retrobulbar mass and cytology wasdiagnostic for extranodal lymphoma. Subsequent to computed tomography, the dog was presented with hypotrophy of thefacial musculature and difficulty in grasping food, consistent with trigeminal nerve palsy, which resolved after institutionof the 19-week chemotherapy protocol from the University of Wisconsin. Nevertheless, disease reccurred and a rescueprotocol was initiated. Case 2. A female Dalmatian, spayed, was diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma, after cytologyof the left mandibular lymph node. Chemotherapy was initiated with the same protocol of the previous case. However,the disease progressed and it was observed facial asymmetry with ptosis of the left eyelid, pina and lips, in addition todifficulty in grasping food, suggesting facial and trigeminal cranial nerve palsy. Clinical signs resolved after institutionof a rescue chemotherapy protocol. However, in both cases, disease progression and poor clinical condition resulted in...

Neuropatia periférica focal associada ao linfoma em cães / Focal peripheral neuropathy associated with lymphoma in dogs

Background: Peripheral neuropathies result in sensory, motor or autonomic dysfunctions due to impairment of peripheral spinal or cranial nerves. Neoplasms such as lymphoma are cited as one of the many aetiological causes and it mayaffect the nerve directly, by compression, or indirectly (paraneoplastic) by remote action of the neoplasm located in anextra-neural site. This study aimed to report two cases of cranial nerve neuropathy (trigeminal and facial) associated withcanine lymphoma, contributing to a better understanding of its paraneoplastic effects on the nervous system, as well asthe diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.Cases: Two cases of canine lymphoma associated with possible signs of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy were attendedat the Veterinary Hospital from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HV UFMG). Case 1. A spayed mixed breedbitch, with lethargy and unilateral exophthalmos. Brain computed tomography revealed a retrobulbar mass and cytology wasdiagnostic for extranodal lymphoma. Subsequent to computed tomography, the dog was presented with hypotrophy of thefacial musculature and difficulty in grasping food, consistent with trigeminal nerve palsy, which resolved after institutionof the 19-week chemotherapy protocol from the University of Wisconsin. Nevertheless, disease reccurred and a rescueprotocol was initiated. Case 2. A female Dalmatian, spayed, was diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma, after cytologyof the left mandibular lymph node. Chemotherapy was initiated with the same protocol of the previous case. However,the disease progressed and it was observed facial asymmetry with ptosis of the left eyelid, pina and lips, in addition todifficulty in grasping food, suggesting facial and trigeminal cranial nerve palsy. Clinical signs resolved after institutionof a rescue chemotherapy protocol. However, in both cases, disease progression and poor clinical condition resulted in...(AU)

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary metastasis of carcinoma mammary solid grade III in a dog: case report / Osteopatia hipertrófica associada à metástase pulmonar de carcinoma mamário sólido grau III de malignidade em um cão: relato de caso

The hypertrophic osteopathy is a syndrome characterized by bone proliferation as a consequence of lung disease, such as metastatic nodules. The diagnosis is based on radiography of the appendicular bones evidencing the proliferation. Mammary neoplasms are the ones that affect dogs the most and, their malignant variants, frequently metastasize. The present report describe the case of a bitch with carcinoma mammary solid grade III of malignancy that presented pulmonary metastasis and, consequently, developed hypertrophic osteopathy. Due to advanced stage of the neoplasm the patient was submitted to euthanasia. In this way, the osteopathy can act as a sinalizer for the veterinarian for pulmonary diseases, especially metastatic nodules.

A osteopatia hipertrófica é uma síndrome caracterizada por proliferação óssea em consequência de doença pulmonar, como nódulos metastáticos. O diagnóstico é baseado na radiografia dos ossos apendiculares evidenciando a proliferação. As neoplasias mamárias são as que mais acometem os cães e, suas variantes malignas, frequentemente metastatizam. O presente relato apresenta o caso de uma cadela com carcinoma mamário sólido grau III de malignidade que apresentou metástase pulmonar e, em decorrência, desenvolveu a osteopatia hipertrófica. Devido o estágio avançado da neoplasia, a paciente foi submetida à eutanásia. Desse modo, a osteopatia pode atuar como um sinalizador para o médico veterinário para doenças pulmonares, sobretudo nódulos metastáticos.

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with pulmonary metastasis of carcinoma mammary solid grade III in a dog: case report / Osteopatia hipertrófica associada à metástase pulmonar de carcinoma mamário sólido grau III de malignidade em um cão: relato de caso

The hypertrophic osteopathy is a syndrome characterized by bone proliferation as a consequence of lung disease, such as metastatic nodules. The diagnosis is based on radiography of the appendicular bones evidencing the proliferation. Mammary neoplasms are the ones that affect dogs the most and, their malignant variants, frequently metastasize. The present report describe the case of a bitch with carcinoma mammary solid grade III of malignancy that presented pulmonary metastasis and, consequently, developed hypertrophic osteopathy. Due to advanced stage of the neoplasm the patient was submitted to euthanasia. In this way, the osteopathy can act as a sinalizer for the veterinarian for pulmonary diseases, especially metastatic nodules.(AU)

A osteopatia hipertrófica é uma síndrome caracterizada por proliferação óssea em consequência de doença pulmonar, como nódulos metastáticos. O diagnóstico é baseado na radiografia dos ossos apendiculares evidenciando a proliferação. As neoplasias mamárias são as que mais acometem os cães e, suas variantes malignas, frequentemente metastatizam. O presente relato apresenta o caso de uma cadela com carcinoma mamário sólido grau III de malignidade que apresentou metástase pulmonar e, em decorrência, desenvolveu a osteopatia hipertrófica. Devido o estágio avançado da neoplasia, a paciente foi submetida à eutanásia. Desse modo, a osteopatia pode atuar como um sinalizador para o médico veterinário para doenças pulmonares, sobretudo nódulos metastáticos.(AU)

Sertolioma difuso em cão criptorquídico / Diffuse sertolioma in a criptorquidic dog

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de sertolioma associado a criptorquidia em um cão Poodle de 8 anos que apresentava uma massa na região inguinal há aproximadamente 8 meses de evolução e histórico prévio compatível com síndrome de feminilização. Constatou-se considerável aumento de volume no testículo criptorquídico (esquerdo). O animal foi submetido a orquiectomia no testículo criptorquídico e apresentou boa recuperação. O exame histopatológico revelou se tratar de sertolioma difuso, possivelmente com manifestação sistêmica de alopecia simétrica bilateral não pruriginosa associada à ocorrência do tumor. Após a castração, houve progressiva e completa remissão da dermatopatia com posterior cura clínica do paciente.

The present work aimed to report a case of a Sertoli cell tumor associated with cryptorchidism in a Poodle dog of eight years old, that presented a mass in the inguinal region eight months ago. The previous history and evolution time were compatible with testicular feminization syndrome. It was observed a considerable increase in volume of the affected testis (left). The animal was submitted to an orchiectomy of the cryptorchidic testis and presented a good recovery. The histopathological examination revealed a diffuse sertolioma, and possibly the systemic manifestation of non-pruriginous bilateral symmetric alopecia was related to the presence of the tumor.

Sertolioma difuso em cão criptorquídico / Diffuse sertolioma in a criptorquidic dog

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de sertolioma associado a criptorquidia em um cão Poodle de 8 anos que apresentava uma massa na região inguinal há aproximadamente 8 meses de evolução e histórico prévio compatível com síndrome de feminilização. Constatou-se considerável aumento de volume no testículo criptorquídico (esquerdo). O animal foi submetido a orquiectomia no testículo criptorquídico e apresentou boa recuperação. O exame histopatológico revelou se tratar de sertolioma difuso, possivelmente com manifestação sistêmica de alopecia simétrica bilateral não pruriginosa associada à ocorrência do tumor. Após a castração, houve progressiva e completa remissão da dermatopatia com posterior cura clínica do paciente.(AU)

The present work aimed to report a case of a Sertoli cell tumor associated with cryptorchidism in a Poodle dog of eight years old, that presented a mass in the inguinal region eight months ago. The previous history and evolution time were compatible with testicular feminization syndrome. It was observed a considerable increase in volume of the affected testis (left). The animal was submitted to an orchiectomy of the cryptorchidic testis and presented a good recovery. The histopathological examination revealed a diffuse sertolioma, and possibly the systemic manifestation of non-pruriginous bilateral symmetric alopecia was related to the presence of the tumor.(AU)

Timoma canino associado à miastenia gravis / Canine thymoma associated to myasthenia gravis

Background: Thymomas are epithelial neoplasms of the thymus, although lymphocyte infiltration is common. Histological features are not sufficient to define its biological behaviour, which is dependent of clinical criteria of invasiveness and resectability. Myasthenia gravis may happen as a paraneoplastic syndrome in up to 47% of canine thymomas. This article aims at reporting a case of thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis in a dog, emphasizing the morphological, phenotypical and therapeutical aspects.Case: A 7-year-old, male Labrador, was presented with a history of acute dyspnea and exercise intolerance. The physical examination revealed a “red-brick” mucousa, tachycardia and cardiac and pulmonar hypofonese. Chest radiographs revealed an area of increased radiopacity in the cranial mediastinum without a plane of separation to the heart. The eccodopplercardiogram exam identified a poorly delimited mass adjacent to the base of the heart, measuring 9.5x6.8cm. Computed tomography demonstrated it as an expansive neoformation (9.5x6.5x7.8cm). Mass was removed through intercostal thoracotomy and the removed tissue was submitted to histopathology with a diagnosis compatible with type AB thymoma (mixed). Immunohistochemistry was positive for AE1/AE3 citokeratin in 90% of epithelial cells, confirming tumour origin. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes were positive for CD79a (70%) and CD3 (20%). The proliferation index (Ki-67 imunolabeling) was 60%. About 45 days after surgery the patient was presented with generalized muscle weakness and regurgitation, with confirmed megaesophagus on chest X-ray. Treatment with pyridostigmine was initiated because of suspected myasthenia gravis, and complete remission of the neurological signs occurred within a month. A chemotherapeutic protocol with carboplatin was then instituted. After four sessions, a new thoracic radiograph revealed tumour recurrence in the cranial mediastinum.[...]

Timoma canino associado à miastenia gravis / Canine thymoma associated to myasthenia gravis

Background: Thymomas are epithelial neoplasms of the thymus, although lymphocyte infiltration is common. Histological features are not sufficient to define its biological behaviour, which is dependent of clinical criteria of invasiveness and resectability. Myasthenia gravis may happen as a paraneoplastic syndrome in up to 47% of canine thymomas. This article aims at reporting a case of thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis in a dog, emphasizing the morphological, phenotypical and therapeutical aspects.Case: A 7-year-old, male Labrador, was presented with a history of acute dyspnea and exercise intolerance. The physical examination revealed a “red-brick” mucousa, tachycardia and cardiac and pulmonar hypofonese. Chest radiographs revealed an area of increased radiopacity in the cranial mediastinum without a plane of separation to the heart. The eccodopplercardiogram exam identified a poorly delimited mass adjacent to the base of the heart, measuring 9.5x6.8cm. Computed tomography demonstrated it as an expansive neoformation (9.5x6.5x7.8cm). Mass was removed through intercostal thoracotomy and the removed tissue was submitted to histopathology with a diagnosis compatible with type AB thymoma (mixed). Immunohistochemistry was positive for AE1/AE3 citokeratin in 90% of epithelial cells, confirming tumour origin. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes were positive for CD79a (70%) and CD3 (20%). The proliferation index (Ki-67 imunolabeling) was 60%. About 45 days after surgery the patient was presented with generalized muscle weakness and regurgitation, with confirmed megaesophagus on chest X-ray. Treatment with pyridostigmine was initiated because of suspected myasthenia gravis, and complete remission of the neurological signs occurred within a month. A chemotherapeutic protocol with carboplatin was then instituted. After four sessions, a new thoracic radiograph revealed tumour recurrence in the cranial mediastinum.[...](AU)

Paraneoplastic hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary neoplasms / Anormalidades hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemostáticas de origem paraneoplásica em fêmeas caninas com neoplasia mamária

Paraneoplastic laboratory abnormalities are identified in several types of cancers in dogs and cats. In veterinary medicine, particularly in mammary cancer, there are few studies that correlate abnormal laboratory findings with tumor type and staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities and correlate them with mammary tumor staging in female dogs with mammary cancer. Blood samples from 24 female dogs were evaluated, and the hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic parameters were correlated with tumor staging obtained by physical examination, imaging exams, and histopathological surgical biopsies. The groups were organized according to tumor staging: group 1 (stages I and II), group 2 (stage III), and group 3 (stages IV and V). Anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and low blood urea were observed. The variables MCHC, TPP, and RDW were correlated with tumor staging with no clinical relevance. Thrombin time and fibrinogen were significant between the groups in the coagulation test, being associated with tumor staging. The findings suggest influence of the proinflammatory cytokines released during tumor growth.(AU)

Alterações laboratoriais de origem paraneoplásica são identificadas em diversos tipos de câncer de cães e gatos. Na medicina veterinária, existem poucos estudos que correlacionam os achados laboratoriais anormais com o tipo e estadiamento tumorais, principalmente em cadelas com neoplasia mamária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemostáticas em cadelas com neoplasia mamária e relacioná-las com o estadiamento tumoral. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 24 fêmeas caninas, e os parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e hemostáticos obtidos foram relacionados com o estadiamento tumoral, realizado através do exame físico, exames de imagem e avaliação histopatológica após remoção cirúrgica. Os grupos foram organizados de acordo com o estadiamento tumoral em: Grupo 1 (estádios I e II), grupo 2 (estádio III) e grupo 3 (estádios IV e V). Observou-se anemia, leucocitose neutrofílica, monocitose, eosinofilia, trombocitose, hipoalbuminemia, hipocalcemia, hipoglicemia e diminuição de ureia sanguínea. As variáveis CHCM, PPT e RDW foram relacionadas com o estadiamento tumoral, porém sem relevância clínica. Nos testes de coagulação, o TT e o fibrinogênio apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos, sendo associado com estadiamento tumoral. Os resultados sugerem influência das citocinas pró-inflamatórias liberadas durante o crescimento do tumor.(AU)

Paraneoplastic hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities in female dogs with mammary neoplasms / Anormalidades hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemostáticas de origem paraneoplásica em fêmeas caninas com neoplasia mamária

Paraneoplastic laboratory abnormalities are identified in several types of cancers in dogs and cats. In veterinary medicine, particularly in mammary cancer, there are few studies that correlate abnormal laboratory findings with tumor type and staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities and correlate them with mammary tumor staging in female dogs with mammary cancer. Blood samples from 24 female dogs were evaluated, and the hematological, biochemical, and hemostatic parameters were correlated with tumor staging obtained by physical examination, imaging exams, and histopathological surgical biopsies. The groups were organized according to tumor staging: group 1 (stages I and II), group 2 (stage III), and group 3 (stages IV and V). Anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and low blood urea were observed. The variables MCHC, TPP, and RDW were correlated with tumor staging with no clinical relevance. Thrombin time and fibrinogen were significant between the groups in the coagulation test, being associated with tumor staging. The findings suggest influence of the proinflammatory cytokines released during tumor growth.(AU)

Alterações laboratoriais de origem paraneoplásica são identificadas em diversos tipos de câncer de cães e gatos. Na medicina veterinária, existem poucos estudos que correlacionam os achados laboratoriais anormais com o tipo e estadiamento tumorais, principalmente em cadelas com neoplasia mamária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e hemostáticas em cadelas com neoplasia mamária e relacioná-las com o estadiamento tumoral. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 24 fêmeas caninas, e os parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e hemostáticos obtidos foram relacionados com o estadiamento tumoral, realizado através do exame físico, exames de imagem e avaliação histopatológica após remoção cirúrgica. Os grupos foram organizados de acordo com o estadiamento tumoral em: Grupo 1 (estádios I e II), grupo 2 (estádio III) e grupo 3 (estádios IV e V). Observou-se anemia, leucocitose neutrofílica, monocitose, eosinofilia, trombocitose, hipoalbuminemia, hipocalcemia, hipoglicemia e diminuição de ureia sanguínea. As variáveis CHCM, PPT e RDW foram relacionadas com o estadiamento tumoral, porém sem relevância clínica. Nos testes de coagulação, o TT e o fibrinogênio apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos, sendo associado com estadiamento tumoral. Os resultados sugerem influência das citocinas pró-inflamatórias liberadas durante o crescimento do tumor.(AU)

Osteopatia hipertrófica secundária a osteossarcomacondroblástico extraesquelético em um cão / Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma in a dog

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals’ osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...]

Osteopatia hipertrófica secundária a osteossarcomacondroblástico extraesquelético em um cão / Hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma in a dog

Background: hypertrophic osteopathy is a periosteum disturb characterized by diffuse new bone formation which leads tosignificant thickening and deformity of members. Secondary in nature, it usually follows large pulmonary lesions such asabscesses and neoplasms. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare and extremely malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Theycomprise approximately 1% of all domestic animals osteosarcomas and develop in the absence of a primary bone lesion.The aim of this paper was to describe a case of hypertrophic osteopathy, involving joints and upper limbs bones includingilium, secondary to a mediastinal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis.Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed dog, weighing 9 kg, was presented with painful limbs, lameness, hind limbsswelling and a four-month history of weight loss. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric periostealreactions on diaphyseal and/or epiphyseal areas of all proximal phalanges; metacarpal, metatarsal, carpal and tarsal bones;radius; ulna; tibia; fibula; humerus; femur and right ilium. An increased soft tissue radiopacity was noted on the lateral sideof the right knee joint. Thoracic radiographies and ultrasonography suggested the presence of a 5-cm neoplasm or abscessin the left caudal lung lobe. At necropsy, the lobe showed a firm and solid, oval white mass measuring 5.2 x 2.9 cm. Anothermass was found in the caudal mediastinum, near the diaphragm, with same color and more irregular aspect, measuring 3.3cm of diameter. Intense periosteal new-bone formation was seen in the entire length of the four limbs bones, characterizedby thickening of the bone surface and formation of irregular trabeculae perpendicular to the cortex. Significant swelling andthickening of the joint capsule was noted in the right knee. There was no microbial growth on aerobic or anaerobic culturesfrom the masses samples sent to culture. [...](AU)

Síndrome Paraneoplásica Gastrintestinal e Relação com Prognóstico em Cães com Mastocitoma Cutâneo: Estudo Retrospectivo entre os anos de 2013 e 2020

Síndrome Paraneoplásica Gastrintestinal e Relação com Prognóstico em Cães com Mastocitoma Cutâneo: Estudo Retrospectivo entre os anos de 2013 e 2020

Síndrome Paraneoplásica Gastrintestinal e Relação com Prognóstico em Cães com Mastocitoma Cutâneo: Estudo Retrospectivo entre os anos de 2013 e 2020

Hipercalcemia humoral maligna secundária a linfoma mediastinal em cães / Malignant humoral hypercalcemia secondary to mediastinal lymphoma in dogs / Hipercalcemia humoral maligna secundaria a linfoma mediastinal en perros

Hipercalcemia é o aumento de cálcio total ou ionizado na corrente sanguínea e é um marcador para algumas doenças como as neoplasias malignas. Quando ocorre o aumento de cálcio secundário a neoplasias, ele se caracteriza como uma síndrome paraneoplásica. Dentre as neoplasias malignas que causam a hipercalcemia, o linfoma aparece em grande porcentagem dos achados clínicos, sendo o linfoma mediastinal o que é mais associado com a hipercalcemia gerando a hipercalcemia humoral maligna. O linfoma mediastinal é associado à produção de células T por envolver o timo e atinge os linfonodos mediastinais. Através da produção de células neoplásicas ocorre o aumento de cálcio no organismo que é resultado da ligação de proteína relacionada ao paratormônio (PTHrP) aos receptores de paratormônio (PTH) causando reabsorção óssea e por síntese de outras substâncias que agem como ativadores de osteoclastos. A melhor forma de combate a hipercalcemia humoral maligna é o uso de protocolos de quimioterapia. É indicado realização de suporte para o excesso de cálcio no organismo, pois o mesmo causa alterações fisiologicamente indesejáveis.(AU)

Hypercalcemia is the high total or ionized calcium in the circulatory system and it is a marker for some diseases such as malignant neoplasms. When neoplastic secondary high calcium occurs, it characterizes as a paraneoplastic syndrome. Among malignant neoplasms that cause hypercalcemia Iynphoma appears in a huge porcent of clinical findigns, which mediastinal Iymphoma is the most hypercalcemia associated generating the malignant humoural hypercalcemia. Mediastinallymphoma is associated with the production of T cells by envolving thymus and reaches the mediastinallymphs. Throughout the production of neoplastic cells high cálcio in the organismo occurs, which is a result of the linkage of the protein related to parathyroid hormone (PTH) with the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH) causing bone resorption and by the synthesis of other substances that work as osteoclast activators. The best way to fight malignant humoural hypercalcemia is to use chemotherapy protocols. The support for calcium excesso is indicated since it causes unwelcoming physiologically altereations.(AU)

Hipercalcemia es el aumento de calcio total o ionizado en la corriente sanguínea y es un marcador para algunas enfermedades como las neoplasias malignas. Cuando ocurre el aumento de calcio secundario a neoplasias, se caracteriza como un síndrome paraneoplásica. Entre las neoplasias malignas que causan la hipercalcemia, el linfoma aparece en un gran porcentaje de lós hallazgos clínicos siendo el linfoma mediastinal lo que es más asociado con la hipercalcemia generando la hipercalcemia humoral maligna. EI linfoma mediastinal está asociado a la producción de células T por envolver el timo y alcanza los ganglios linfáticos mediastínicos. A través de la producción de células neoplásicas ocurre el aumento de calcio en el organismo que es resultado de la unión de proteína relacionada al paratormonio (PTHrP) a los receptores de paratormonio (PTH) causando la reabsorción ósea y por síntesis de otras sustancias que actúan como activadores de osteoclastos. La mejor forma de combatir la hipercalcemia humoral maligna es el uso de protocolos de quimioterapia. Se indica la realización de soporte para el exceso de calcio en el organismo pues el mismo, causa alteraciones fisiológicamente indeseables.(AU)

Hipercalcemia humoral maligna secundária a linfoma mediastinal em cães / Malignant humoral hypercalcemia secondary to mediastinal lymphoma in dogs / Hipercalcemia humoral maligna secundaria a linfoma mediastinal en perros

Hipercalcemia é o aumento de cálcio total ou ionizado na corrente sanguínea e é um marcador para algumas doenças como as neoplasias malignas. Quando ocorre o aumento de cálcio secundário a neoplasias, ele se caracteriza como uma síndrome paraneoplásica. Dentre as neoplasias malignas que causam a hipercalcemia, o linfoma aparece em grande porcentagem dos achados clínicos, sendo o linfoma mediastinal o que é mais associado com a hipercalcemia gerando a hipercalcemia humoral maligna. O linfoma mediastinal é associado à produção de células T por envolver o timo e atinge os linfonodos mediastinais. Através da produção de células neoplásicas ocorre o aumento de cálcio no organismo que é resultado da ligação de proteína relacionada ao paratormônio (PTHrP) aos receptores de paratormônio (PTH) causando reabsorção óssea e por síntese de outras substâncias que agem como ativadores de osteoclastos. A melhor forma de combate a hipercalcemia humoral maligna é o uso de protocolos de quimioterapia. É indicado realização de suporte para o excesso de cálcio no organismo, pois o mesmo causa alterações fisiologicamente indesejáveis.

Hypercalcemia is the high total or ionized calcium in the circulatory system and it is a marker for some diseases such as malignant neoplasms. When neoplastic secondary high calcium occurs, it characterizes as a paraneoplastic syndrome. Among malignant neoplasms that cause hypercalcemia Iynphoma appears in a huge porcent of clinical findigns, which mediastinal Iymphoma is the most hypercalcemia associated generating the malignant humoural hypercalcemia. Mediastinallymphoma is associated with the production of T cells by envolving thymus and reaches the mediastinallymphs. Throughout the production of neoplastic cells high cálcio in the organismo occurs, which is a result of the linkage of the protein related to parathyroid hormone (PTH) with the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH) causing bone resorption and by the synthesis of other substances that work as osteoclast activators. The best way to fight malignant humoural hypercalcemia is to use chemotherapy protocols. The support for calcium excesso is indicated since it causes unwelcoming physiologically altereations.

Hipercalcemia es el aumento de calcio total o ionizado en la corriente sanguínea y es un marcador para algunas enfermedades como las neoplasias malignas. Cuando ocurre el aumento de calcio secundario a neoplasias, se caracteriza como un síndrome paraneoplásica. Entre las neoplasias malignas que causan la hipercalcemia, el linfoma aparece en un gran porcentaje de lós hallazgos clínicos siendo el linfoma mediastinal lo que es más asociado con la hipercalcemia generando la hipercalcemia humoral maligna. EI linfoma mediastinal está asociado a la producción de células T por envolver el timo y alcanza los ganglios linfáticos mediastínicos. A través de la producción de células neoplásicas ocurre el aumento de calcio en el organismo que es resultado de la unión de proteína relacionada al paratormonio (PTHrP) a los receptores de paratormonio (PTH) causando la reabsorción ósea y por síntesis de otras sustancias que actúan como activadores de osteoclastos. La mejor forma de combatir la hipercalcemia humoral maligna es el uso de protocolos de quimioterapia. Se indica la realización de soporte para el exceso de calcio en el organismo pues el mismo, causa alteraciones fisiológicamente indeseables.

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos do colangiocarcinoma em cães da Região Central do RS

O colangiocarcinoma é considerado um neoplasma hepático primário raro em cães na maior parte do mundo. Entretanto, no Rio Grande do Sul, essa é uma forma muito comum de câncer de fígado. Baseado nessa alta prevalência e, consequentemente, na importância que ela traz para a medicina canina local, o objetivo desta dissertação foi estabelecer os aspectos epidemiológico e clínicos do colangiocarcinoma em cães. Para isso, foram avaliados 66 casos de colangiocarcinomas em cães, diagnosticados entre 2000 e 2018. Machos e fêmeas perfizeram 45,5% e 54,5% dos casos, respectivamente. Cães de raça e cães sem raça definida corresponderam a 63,6% e 36,4% dos casos, respectivamente. Os cães afetados morreram entre 4 e 18 anos de idade. A média de idade de morte foi de 10,9 anos. Cães adultos e idosos perfizeram 31,7% e 68,3% dos casos, respectivamente. A prevalência dos principais sinais clínicos foi a seguinte: inapetência ou anorexia (83,3%), perda de peso progressiva ou caquexia (78,8%), distensão abdominal (34,8%), devido ao efeito massa (31,8%), à ascite (12,1%) e/ou hemoperitônio (16,7%), palidez de mucosas (33,3%), vômito (30,3%), dispneia (28,8%), febre (21,2%), icterícia (19,7%) e diarreia (15,2%). Duas síndromes paraneoplásicas foram descritas pela primeira vez para cães com colangiocarcinoma: hipoglicemia paraneoplásica (7,6%) e síndrome glucagonoma (3%). Os resultados expressos neste artigo permitem concluir que colangiocarcinoma ocorre frequentemente em cães da Região Central do RS, independentemente de sexo, da raça ou da idade, mas é pouco mais frequente em fêmeas e muito mais comum em idosos, ou seja, em cães acima de 10 anos de idade. Os principais sinais clínicos de colangiocarcinoma estão muito mais associados à distensão abdominal pelo efeito massa ou às síndromes paraneoplásicas do que à insuficiência hepática propriamente dita.

Cholangiocarcinoma is considered a rare primary hepatic neoplasm in dogs in most of the world. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, this is a very common form of liver cancer. Based on the high prevalence and, consequently, on the importance it brings to local canine medicine, the objective of this paper is to establish the epidemiological and clinical aspects of cholangiocarcinoma in dogs. For this, 66 cases of cholangiocarcinomas in dogs, diagnosed between 2000 and 2018, were evaluated. Males and females accounted for 45.5% and 54.5% of cases, respectively. Breed dogs and non-breed dogs accounted for 63.6% and 36.4% of cases, respectively. The affected dogs died between 4 and 18 years of age. The mean age of death was 10.9 years. Adult and elderly dogs accounted for 31.7% and 68.3% of the cases, respectively. The prevalence of major clinical signs was as follows: inappetence or anorexia (83.3%), progressive weight loss or cachexia (78.8%), abdominal distension (34.8%) due to the mass effect (31.8 %), ascites (12.1%) and/or hemoperitoneum (16.7%), mucous pallor (33.3%), vomiting (30.3%), dyspnea (28.8%), fever (21.2%), jaundice (19.7%), and diarrhea (15.2%). Two paraneoplastic syndromes are described for the first time for dogs with cholangiocarcinoma: paraneoplastic hypoglycemia (7.6%) and glucagonoma syndrome (3%). The results expressed in this article allow us to conclude that cholangiocarcinoma occurs frequently in dogs in the Central Region of RS, regardless of gender, breed or age, but it is less frequent in females and much more common in the elderly, that is, in dogs above 10 years old. The main clinical signs of cholangiocarcinoma are much more associated with abdominal distension by "mass effect" or paraneoplastic syndromes than with hepatic impairment itself.

Utilização do retalho da prega do flanco para a síntese de excisões cutâneas abdominais - relato de caso / Use of flank flap fold for the synthesis of abdominal cutaneous excisions - case report / Utilización del retrato de la prega del flanco para la síntesis de excisiones cutâneas abdominales - relato de caso

As neoplasias em cães podem apresentar-se de forma desafiadora, podendo resultar em grandes neoplasmas ocupando áreas de difícil extirpação, ocorrendo em alguns casos metástase, hemorragia, síndrome paraneoplásica e até mesmo a morte do animal. Este relato de caso, tem por objetivo descrever o caso de uma fêmea mestiça Pitbull Terrier de 4 anos, que após recidiva de carcinoma de células escamosas, foi submetida a cirurgia reconstrutiva para remoção da neoformação em questão utilizando-se o retalho da prega do flanco para a síntese da excisão, obtendo-se resultado ótimo, sendo então uma opção cirúrgica para neoformações de grandes dimensões.(AU)

Neoplasms in dogs may present in a challenging way, and may result in large neoplasms occupying areas of difficult extirpation, occurring in some cases metastasis, hemorrhage, paraneoplastic syndrome and even death of the animal. This case report aims to describe the case of a 4-year-old female Pitbull Terrier who, after recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma, underwent reconstructive surgery to remove the neoformation in question using the flap of the flank for the synthesis of the excision, obtaining an optimal result, being then a surgical option for large neoformations.(AU)

Las neoplasias en perros pueden presentarse de forma desafiante, pudiendo resultar en grandes neoplasmas ocupando áreas de difícil extirpación, ocurriendo en algunos casos metástasis, hemorragia,síndrome paraneoplásico e incluso la muerte del animal. Este informe de caso, tiene por objetivo describir el caso de una hembra mestiza Pitbull Terrier de 4 anos, que tras recidiva de carcinoma de células escamosas, fue sometida a cirugía reconstructiva para remoción de la neoformación en cuestión utilizando el colgajo de la pliegue del flanco para la síntesis de la excisión, obteniéndose un resultado óptimo, siendo entonces una opción quirúrgica para neoformaciones de grandes dimensiones.(AU)

Utilização do retalho da prega do flanco para a síntese de excisões cutâneas abdominais - relato de caso / Use of flank flap fold for the synthesis of abdominal cutaneous excisions - case report / Utilización del retrato de la prega del flanco para la síntesis de excisiones cutâneas abdominales - relato de caso

As neoplasias em cães podem apresentar-se de forma desafiadora, podendo resultar em grandes neoplasmas ocupando áreas de difícil extirpação, ocorrendo em alguns casos metástase, hemorragia, síndrome paraneoplásica e até mesmo a morte do animal. Este relato de caso, tem por objetivo descrever o caso de uma fêmea mestiça Pitbull Terrier de 4 anos, que após recidiva de carcinoma de células escamosas, foi submetida a cirurgia reconstrutiva para remoção da neoformação em questão utilizando-se o retalho da prega do flanco para a síntese da excisão, obtendo-se resultado ótimo, sendo então uma opção cirúrgica para neoformações de grandes dimensões.

Neoplasms in dogs may present in a challenging way, and may result in large neoplasms occupying areas of difficult extirpation, occurring in some cases metastasis, hemorrhage, paraneoplastic syndrome and even death of the animal. This case report aims to describe the case of a 4-year-old female Pitbull Terrier who, after recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma, underwent reconstructive surgery to remove the neoformation in question using the flap of the flank for the synthesis of the excision, obtaining an optimal result, being then a surgical option for large neoformations.

Las neoplasias en perros pueden presentarse de forma desafiante, pudiendo resultar en grandes neoplasmas ocupando áreas de difícil extirpación, ocurriendo en algunos casos metástasis, hemorragia,síndrome paraneoplásico e incluso la muerte del animal. Este informe de caso, tiene por objetivo describir el caso de una hembra mestiza Pitbull Terrier de 4 anos, que tras recidiva de carcinoma de células escamosas, fue sometida a cirugía reconstructiva para remoción de la neoformación en cuestión utilizando el colgajo de la pliegue del flanco para la síntesis de la excisión, obteniéndose un resultado óptimo, siendo entonces una opción quirúrgica para neoformaciones de grandes dimensiones.

Quimioterapia metronômica como tratamento adjuvante para o mastocitoma cutâneo em cães

A quimioterapia metronômica é uma modalidade terapêutica onde o agente quimioterápico é administrado em baixas doses, em curtos intervalos e continuamente, diferente da quimioterapia em dose máxima tolerada. Dirigida contra células tumorais e outros tipos de células, como as endoteliais e do sistema imunológico, a metronômica altera o microambiente tumoral e suprime características inatas que apoiam o crescimento dos tumores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar prospectivamente o uso da quimioterapia metronômica com lomustina em pacientes com mastocitoma cutâneo, seus efeitos adversos e comparar com o protocolo de vimblastina e prednisona. Para tanto foram incluídos neste estudo 40 neoplasias obtidas de 32 cães de ambos os sexos e idades variadas, com o diagnóstico citológico e histopatológico de mastocitoma cutâneo, os mesmos foram divididos em dois grupos de forma randomizada. O grupo VP foi tratado com vimblastina na dose de 2mg/m² e prednisona por 12 sessões e o grupo LP foi tratado a metronômica com lomustina na dose de 2,84mg/m²/VO por 4 meses. Quanto à classificação histopatológica dos tumores estudados 67,5% (27/40) das formações mostrou graduação intermediária, correspondendo a grau II/baixo grau. Os efeitos adversos foram avaliados de acordo com os critérios do VCOG. Dos pacientes pertencentes ao grupo VP 62,5% (5/16) apresentaram algum tipo de efeito adverso, sendo os mais frequente os efeitos sob o trato gastrointestinal como: disorexia, anorexia, êmese e diarreia ocorrendo em cinco pacientes (5/16), seguido de leucopenia em três animais (3/16). No grupo LP 50% (8/16) dos pacientes tiveram algum tipo de efeito adverso, o mais comum foi êmese, sendo que apenas um cão apresentou efeito adverso classificado em grau III. Os dois protocolos foram bem tolerados pelos pacientes e não houve significância estatística sobre os efeitos adversos de ambos os grupos (p=0,715). A trombocitose foi a síndrome paraneoplásica mais observada, acometendo 25% de todos os animais (8/32), apresentando significância estatística em relação ao temo de sobrevida global (p=0,000049). A média de sobrevida do grupo VP foi de 404,25 dias (104-815dias) enquanto que do grupo LP foi de 320,25 dias (83-669). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de acordo com o tempo de sobrevida (p=0,662) e o tempo livre de recorrência (p=1). A quimioterapia metronômica com lomustina teve boa aceitação junto aos proprietários dos animais, já que é administrada por via oral e os efeitos adversos foram toleráveis e pouco frequentes.

Metronomic chemotherapy is a therapeutic modality where the chemotherapeutic agent is administered in low doses, continuously for short and regular periods, as opposed to the chemotherapy in maximum tolerated dose. Directed against tumor cells and other cell types, such as endothelial cells and immune system cells, the metronomic chemotherapy alters the tumor microenvironment and suppresses innate features that support the growth of tumors. The aim of this study is to prospectively analyze the use of metronomic chemotherapy with lomustine in patients with mast cell tumors, evaluate the therapeutic action and adverse effects and compare with the chemotherapy protocol with vinblastine and prednisone. For this, 40 neoplasms obtained from 32 dogs of both sexes and varied ages, with cytological and histopathological diagnosis of mast cell tumor, were divided into two groups in a randomized fashion. The VP group was treated with vinblastine at a dose of 2mg/m² and prednisone for 12 sessions and the LP group was treated with metronomic chemotherapy with lomustine at a dose of 2.84mg/m²/ VO for 4 months. Regarding the histopathological classification of the studied tumors, 67.5% (27/40) of the formations showed an intermediate degree, corresponding to grade II / low grade. Adverse effects were assessed according to the VCOG criteria. Of the patients belonging to the VP group 62.5% (5/16) presented some type of adverse effect, being the most frequent the effects under the gastrointestinal tract as: dysorexia, anorexia, emesis and diarrhea occurring in five patients (5/16), Followed by leukopenia in three animals (3/16). In the LP group 50% (8/16) of the patients had some type of adverse effect, the most common was emesis, and only one dog presented grade III adverse effect. The two chemotherapeutic protocols were well tolerated by the patients and there was no statistical significance regarding the adverse effects of both groups (p = 0.715). Thrombocytosis was the most observed paraneoplastic syndrome, affecting 25% of all animals (8/32), presenting statistical significance in relation to the overall survival rate (p = 0.000049). The mean survival time of the PV group was 404.25 days (104-815 days) while the LP group was 320.25 days (83-669). There was no statistical difference between the groups according to the survival time (p = 0.662) and the free time of recurrence (p = 1). Metronomic chemotherapy with lomustine was well accepted by animal owners, since it is administered orally and the adverse effects were tolerable and infrequent.