Exérese tumoral seguida de blefaroplastia no tratamento de carcinoma de células escamosas em pálpebra inferior de equino / Tumoral resection followed by blepharoplasty in squamous cell carcinoma treatment in the lower eyelid of a horse

Background: Equines are routinely subjected to enucleation due to palpebral tumors. Blepharoplasties in horses, especially in the lower eyelid, are rarely performed due to the difficulty of sliding once the tissue around the eyes presents low mobility. Defects involving more than 50% of the lower eyelid is considered challenging after tumor removal. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most reported neoplasm in horses, being very common in regions of the lower eyelid, third eyelid, sclera and or cornea. The aim of this study is to present the Destro VY skin advancement flap as a blepharoplasty technique performed after surgical excision of a SCC, with total commitment of the lower eyelid, completely covering the right eye of a mare. Case: A 8-year-old mare Paint Horse, weighing 420 kg, was referred for evaluation of tumor tissue of 6.0 x 4.0 x 2.0 cm, with nodular and ulcerated appearance, involving the right lower eyelid, in its total extension and completely covering the eye, without adhering to it. Considering the initial suspicion of SCC, the treatment strategy performed was surgical eyelid excision and maintenance of the eye, followed by blepharoplasty as an attempt to reconstruct the eyelid. Under general inhalation anesthesia, the animal was placed in left lateral recumbency, when the surgical region was prepared and local anesthetic block was performed. After antisepsis, a skin incision was made circumscribing the tumor, respecting a margin of 10 mm apart and excision of all visible tumor tissue was performed followed by intralesional ozone therapy. Blepharoplasty was performed to cover the portions of the exposed lacrimal and zygomatic bones, as well as correction of the eyelid aesthetics. For this, Destro VY skin advancement flap was performed for reconstruction of the lower eyelid. An incision of approximately 7 cm in Vshaped skin was performed, and the subcutaneous tissue under the V was dissected, maintaining a central pedicle, responsible for the vascularization of the flap, which was slid, approximately 20 mm, towards the eye. After obtaining the desired skin approximation, Y-suture was performed, covering the exposed bone and reconstructing the lower eyelid. In the postoperative period, local instillation of mitomycin eye drops and systemic meloxicam administration were instituted. The mare had her vision restored, presenting satisfactory morpho functional and aesthetic results and no tumor recurrence during 1-year of follow-up. Discussion: The repair of lower eyelid imperfections is challenging, especially when they have large defects, and there are no reports of performing the Destro VY skin advancement flap technique in horses for lower eyelid reconstruction. In this case, the importance of the blepharoplasty technique is emphasized, avoiding enucleation, preserving horse's vision and aesthetics. In addition, aiming to avoid tumor recurrence, especially if surgical safety margins can not be achieved, other complementary treatments should be associated, including intralesional ozone therapy, mitomycin, an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug, and meloxicam, a COX-2 selective, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, as performed in this study. It is concluded that the use of the Destro VY skin advancement flap technique for reconstruction of the external lamella in cases of SCC in the lower eyelid of horses is a feasible technique, which preserves the animal's vision, as well as aesthetics. The safety margin in the surgical excision of the SCC and the association of complementary therapies in the resolution of the condition are important points also to be considered.

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) as a treatment of a deep stromal ulcer in a dog: case report / Ceratoplastia lamelar anterior profunda(DALK) como tratamento de úlcera estromal profunda em cão: relato de caso

Characterized by the rupture of the corneal epithelium, corneal ulcers threaten ocular integrity, with multifactorial development, such as decreased protection and excessive abrasion applied to the corneal surface. Keratoplasty restores the corneal anatomy, removing the inflamed or infected tissues, in order to promote visual acuity. The technique of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) selectively removes the diseased layers of the cornea, keeping the Descemet membrane and endothelium healthy, reducing the risk of rejection, aimed at tissue recovery. In the present report, a canine, from the Shih Tzu breed, a female, that has not been castrated, 2 years and 6 months old, was treated, she had a history of ocular discomfort and mucous secretion in both eyes. In the ophthalmic examination, keratoconjunctivitis sicca was found in the left eye and ectopic cilia was found in both eyes. With the aid of a fluorescein test, the presence of a deep stromal ulcer affecting the right eye was confirmed. The patient underwent ectopic cilia removal using the wedge resection technique and an allogeneic corneal transplantation using DALK, with only the diseased epithelium and stroma being replaced, reducing the risk of rejection and failures related to surgery. 90 days after the procedure, there was no reaction to the graft, there was complete epithelial repair and maintenance of

Caracterizada pela ruptura do epitélio corneano, as úlceras de córnea ameaçam a integridade ocular, tendo desenvolvimento multifatorial, como a diminuição da proteção e o excesso de abrasão aplicado na superfície da córnea. A ceratoplastia restaura a anatomia corneana, removendo tecidos inflamados ou infectados, com objetivo de promover acuidade visual. A técnica de ceratoplastia lamelar anterior profunda (DALK -deep anterior lamelar keratoplasty) remove seletivamente as camadas doentes da córnea, mantendoa membrana de Descemet e endotélio saudáveis, reduzindo o risco de rejeição, visando recuperação tecidual. No presente relato, um canino, raça Shih Tzu, fêmea não castrada, 2 anos e 6 meses de idade, foi atendido com histórico de desconforto ocular e secreção mucosa em ambos os olhos. No exame oftálmico constatou-se ceratoconjuntivite seca no olho esquerdo e cílios ectópicos em ambos os olhos. Com auxílio do teste de fluoresceína, confirmou-se a presença de úlcera estromal profunda acometendo o olho direito. O paciente foi submetido a remoção dos cílios ectópicos pela técnica de secção em cunha e ao transplante de córnea alógena utilizando a DALK, sendo substituído apenas o epitélio e estroma doentes, reduzindo o risco de rejeição e falhas relacionadas a cirurgia. Após 90 dias do procedimento, constatou-se ausência de reação ao enxerto, completa reparação epitelial e manutenção da função visual com discreta opacidade corneana.

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) as a treatment of a deep stromal ulcer in a dog: case report / Ceratoplastia lamelar anterior profunda(DALK) como tratamento de úlcera estromal profunda em cão: relato de caso

Characterized by the rupture of the corneal epithelium, corneal ulcers threaten ocular integrity, with multifactorial development, such as decreased protection and excessive abrasion applied to the corneal surface. Keratoplasty restores the corneal anatomy, removing the inflamed or infected tissues, in order to promote visual acuity. The technique of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) selectively removes the diseased layers of the cornea, keeping the Descemet membrane and endothelium healthy, reducing the risk of rejection, aimed at tissue recovery. In the present report, a canine, from the Shih Tzu breed, a female, that has not been castrated, 2 years and 6 months old, was treated, she had a history of ocular discomfort and mucous secretion in both eyes. In the ophthalmic examination, keratoconjunctivitis sicca was found in the left eye and ectopic cilia was found in both eyes. With the aid of a fluorescein test, the presence of a deep stromal ulcer affecting the right eye was confirmed. The patient underwent ectopic cilia removal using the wedge resection technique and an allogeneic corneal transplantation using DALK, with only the diseased epithelium and stroma being replaced, reducing the risk of rejection and failures related to surgery. 90 days after the procedure, there was no reaction to the graft, there was complete epithelial repair and maintenance of(AU)

Caracterizada pela ruptura do epitélio corneano, as úlceras de córnea ameaçam a integridade ocular, tendo desenvolvimento multifatorial, como a diminuição da proteção e o excesso de abrasão aplicado na superfície da córnea. A ceratoplastia restaura a anatomia corneana, removendo tecidos inflamados ou infectados, com objetivo de promover acuidade visual. A técnica de ceratoplastia lamelar anterior profunda (DALK -deep anterior lamelar keratoplasty) remove seletivamente as camadas doentes da córnea, mantendoa membrana de Descemet e endotélio saudáveis, reduzindo o risco de rejeição, visando recuperação tecidual. No presente relato, um canino, raça Shih Tzu, fêmea não castrada, 2 anos e 6 meses de idade, foi atendido com histórico de desconforto ocular e secreção mucosa em ambos os olhos. No exame oftálmico constatou-se ceratoconjuntivite seca no olho esquerdo e cílios ectópicos em ambos os olhos. Com auxílio do teste de fluoresceína, confirmou-se a presença de úlcera estromal profunda acometendo o olho direito. O paciente foi submetido a remoção dos cílios ectópicos pela técnica de secção em cunha e ao transplante de córnea alógena utilizando a DALK, sendo substituído apenas o epitélio e estroma doentes, reduzindo o risco de rejeição e falhas relacionadas a cirurgia. Após 90 dias do procedimento, constatou-se ausência de reação ao enxerto, completa reparação epitelial e manutenção da função visual com discreta opacidade corneana.(AU)

Evaluation of equine (Equus cabbalus) corneal endothelium stored in EUSOL-C® preservation medium / Avaliação do endotélio da córnea de equinos (Equus cabbalus) acondicionado em meio de preservação de córnea Eusol-C®

The objective of this study was evaluate the maintenance of the corneal endothelium of horses in cold EUSOL-C® preservation medium over different periods (seven and 14 days) using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 20 pairs of eyes from horses were analysed. The corneas were divided into four groups of 10 corneas each (G1, G2, G3 and G4): G1 - the samples were kept in the preservation medium for seven days; G3 - the samples were kept in the preservation medium for for 14 days; G2 and G4 were formed by the control corneal buttons of G1 and G3, respectively. The average cell loss observed in G1 was 7.62%, in G2 it was 7.04%, in G3 9.12% and in G4 7.16%. No statistically significant differences were observed between the four groups. It was concluded that the Eusol-C® hypothermic preservation medium provided satisfactory preservation of the corneal endothelium in equine species for up to 14 days.

Objetivou-se avaliar a manutenção do endotélio da córnea de equinos em meio de preservação a frio EUSOL-C® em diferentes períodos de acondicionamento (sete e 14 dias) utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram avaliados 40 bulbos oculares de 20 equinos. Os bulbos oculares foram divididos em quatro grupos (G1, G2, G3 e G4), nos quais: G1 foi composto por 10 botões corneais acondicionados em meio de preservação para córnea Eusol-C® durante sete dias; o G3 foi formado por 10 botões corneais acondicionados em meio de preservação para córnea Eusol-C® durante 14 dias. O G2 e G4 foram formados pelas córneas controle armazenadas imediatamente em glutaraldeído. A média da perda celular observada no G1 foi de 7,62%, no G2 foi de 7,04 %, no G3 foi de 9,12% e o no G4 foi de 7,16%. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os quatro grupos. Foi possível concluir que o meio de preservação hipotérmico Eusol-C® proporcionou de forma satisfatória a preservação do endotélio da córnea na espécie equina durante o período de até 14 dias.

Evaluation of equine (Equus cabbalus) corneal endothelium stored in EUSOL-C® preservation medium / Avaliação do endotélio da córnea de equinos (Equus cabbalus) acondicionado em meio de preservação de córnea Eusol-C®

The objective of this study was evaluate the maintenance of the corneal endothelium of horses in cold EUSOL-C® preservation medium over different periods (seven and 14 days) using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 20 pairs of eyes from horses were analysed. The corneas were divided into four groups of 10 corneas each (G1, G2, G3 and G4): G1 - the samples were kept in the preservation medium for seven days; G3 - the samples were kept in the preservation medium for for 14 days; G2 and G4 were formed by the control corneal buttons of G1 and G3, respectively. The average cell loss observed in G1 was 7.62%, in G2 it was 7.04%, in G3 9.12% and in G4 7.16%. No statistically significant differences were observed between the four groups. It was concluded that the Eusol-C® hypothermic preservation medium provided satisfactory preservation of the corneal endothelium in equine species for up to 14 days.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a manutenção do endotélio da córnea de equinos em meio de preservação a frio EUSOL-C® em diferentes períodos de acondicionamento (sete e 14 dias) utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram avaliados 40 bulbos oculares de 20 equinos. Os bulbos oculares foram divididos em quatro grupos (G1, G2, G3 e G4), nos quais: G1 foi composto por 10 botões corneais acondicionados em meio de preservação para córnea Eusol-C® durante sete dias; o G3 foi formado por 10 botões corneais acondicionados em meio de preservação para córnea Eusol-C® durante 14 dias. O G2 e G4 foram formados pelas córneas controle armazenadas imediatamente em glutaraldeído. A média da perda celular observada no G1 foi de 7,62%, no G2 foi de 7,04 %, no G3 foi de 9,12% e o no G4 foi de 7,16%. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os quatro grupos. Foi possível concluir que o meio de preservação hipotérmico Eusol-C® proporcionou de forma satisfatória a preservação do endotélio da córnea na espécie equina durante o período de até 14 dias.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos de implantes de membrana amniótica no reparo da córnea em cães com úlceras complicadas / Clinical aspects of amniotic membrane implants in corneal repair in dogs with complicated ulcers

Background: Among numerous disorders treated by veterinary ophthalmology, therapies employed to solve corneal ulcers stand out. Amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective surgical technique for the treatment of complicated corneal ulcers in the dog, with highly satisfactory visual and cosmetic outcomes. However, in veterinary ophthalmology, reports on the use of the amniotic membrane and its corneal reconstructive potential are scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate, for 21 days, the clinical aspects and the effectiveness of transplantation of canine amniotic membrane for corneal healing in two cases of complicated ulcers in dogs. Cases: Two Shih-Tzu dogs were diagnosed with complicated corneal ulcer. They underwent surgical treatment with the use of a glycerin-preserved canine amniotic membrane implant, which was secured on the cornea or the limbus. A surgical microscope at a magnification of 16x was used. The devitalized tissues at the periphery of the ulcer were excised, and multiple layers of amniotic membranes were sutured onto the cornea and near the limbus with interrupted absorbable suture. Protection of the canine amniotic membrane implants was performed with a scarified third eyelid flap, which was attached to the upper eyelid, and maintained for 14 days. During the first 14 days after the procedure, topical treatment with antibiotic eye drops was administered; protease inhibitors were also used. Antibiotics were used systemically for 10 days. Between days 14 and 21 after the transplantation procedure, protease inhibitors, corticosteroids, and lubricant were administered topically. Healing and clinical aspects were evaluated on days 0, 14, and 21. The parameters evaluated were blepharospasm, dazzle and direct pupillary reflexes, and consensual and threat responses. Corneal vascularization, hypopyon, synechia, opacity, and fluorescein dye penetration into the...

Aspectos clínicos de implantes de membrana amniótica no reparo da córnea em cães com úlceras complicadas / Clinical aspects of amniotic membrane implants in corneal repair in dogs with complicated ulcers

Background: Among numerous disorders treated by veterinary ophthalmology, therapies employed to solve corneal ulcers stand out. Amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective surgical technique for the treatment of complicated corneal ulcers in the dog, with highly satisfactory visual and cosmetic outcomes. However, in veterinary ophthalmology, reports on the use of the amniotic membrane and its corneal reconstructive potential are scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate, for 21 days, the clinical aspects and the effectiveness of transplantation of canine amniotic membrane for corneal healing in two cases of complicated ulcers in dogs. Cases: Two Shih-Tzu dogs were diagnosed with complicated corneal ulcer. They underwent surgical treatment with the use of a glycerin-preserved canine amniotic membrane implant, which was secured on the cornea or the limbus. A surgical microscope at a magnification of 16x was used. The devitalized tissues at the periphery of the ulcer were excised, and multiple layers of amniotic membranes were sutured onto the cornea and near the limbus with interrupted absorbable suture. Protection of the canine amniotic membrane implants was performed with a scarified third eyelid flap, which was attached to the upper eyelid, and maintained for 14 days. During the first 14 days after the procedure, topical treatment with antibiotic eye drops was administered; protease inhibitors were also used. Antibiotics were used systemically for 10 days. Between days 14 and 21 after the transplantation procedure, protease inhibitors, corticosteroids, and lubricant were administered topically. Healing and clinical aspects were evaluated on days 0, 14, and 21. The parameters evaluated were blepharospasm, dazzle and direct pupillary reflexes, and consensual and threat responses. Corneal vascularization, hypopyon, synechia, opacity, and fluorescein dye penetration into the...(AU)

Treatment of limbal melanocytoma with full excision and a fresh homologous corneoscleral graft in a dog

Background: Limbal melanoma has been diagnosed in dogs and due to progression may cause vision loss and eyeballremoval. Definitive diagnosis is made through histopathological examination. Therapeutic options include full thicknessresection and repair by homologous corneal tissue, synthetic graft material, and enucleation. In this report, we describe acase of limbal melanocitoma in a dog that has been treated successfully with fresh homologous corneoscleral graft.Case: A 5-year-old female Labrador was referred to the Ophthalmology Veterinary Section of the Federal University ofRio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, with a history of a pigmented mass located on the left eye. Ophthalmicexamination revealed a pigmented mass located at the left temporal limbus with corneal involvement. Surgical excisionfollowed by reconstruction using fresh homologous corneoscleral was recommended. The patient was premedicated withacepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM) and meperidine (20 mg/kg, IM). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (10 mg/kg, IV)and maintained with isoflurane. Atracurium (0.2 mg/kg, IV) was administered to maintain a central eye position. The massand a free margin were removed by full-thickness corneoscleral resection. A corneoscleral graft was harvested from a dogthat had been euthanised for reasons unrelated to this study and sutured with 9-0 polyglactin 910 using a simple interruptedpattern. The mass was immediately fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and submitted for histological sectioning androutine staining. Based on the histopathological analysis it was confirmed limbal melanocytoma. Postoperative treatmentconsisted...

Treatment of limbal melanocytoma with full excision and a fresh homologous corneoscleral graft in a dog

Background: Limbal melanoma has been diagnosed in dogs and due to progression may cause vision loss and eyeballremoval. Definitive diagnosis is made through histopathological examination. Therapeutic options include full thicknessresection and repair by homologous corneal tissue, synthetic graft material, and enucleation. In this report, we describe acase of limbal melanocitoma in a dog that has been treated successfully with fresh homologous corneoscleral graft.Case: A 5-year-old female Labrador was referred to the Ophthalmology Veterinary Section of the Federal University ofRio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, with a history of a pigmented mass located on the left eye. Ophthalmicexamination revealed a pigmented mass located at the left temporal limbus with corneal involvement. Surgical excisionfollowed by reconstruction using fresh homologous corneoscleral was recommended. The patient was premedicated withacepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM) and meperidine (20 mg/kg, IM). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (10 mg/kg, IV)and maintained with isoflurane. Atracurium (0.2 mg/kg, IV) was administered to maintain a central eye position. The massand a free margin were removed by full-thickness corneoscleral resection. A corneoscleral graft was harvested from a dogthat had been euthanised for reasons unrelated to this study and sutured with 9-0 polyglactin 910 using a simple interruptedpattern. The mass was immediately fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and submitted for histological sectioning androutine staining. Based on the histopathological analysis it was confirmed limbal melanocytoma. Postoperative treatmentconsisted...(AU)

Ceratoplastia com recobrimento de terceira pálpebra em felino domésticopara o tratamento de descemetocele com perfuração de córnea / Keratoplasty with covering third eyelid in domestic feline for descemetocele treatment with corneal perforation

Background: Descemetocele is a lesion on the descemets membrane most often caused by very deep ulcerations in the cornea, where the epithelium, basement membrane and stroma layers are exposed, leading to a distortion of the corneal structure. Because it is an injury whose evolution can lead to loss of vision, Descemetocele is considered a surgical emergency because, within the various techniques adopted, there is always an attempt to preserve the ocular bulb. Thus, the adoption of various reconstructive keratoplasty procedures have been described in descemets membrane repair and ocular perforations of varying degrees of extension. In this surgical technique, tissue fragments (autogenous, autologous or xenologous) are usually used, the surgical method being defined according to the degree of injury (partial or total) and the amount of tissue required to be replaced. The aim of this study was to report a case of Keratoplasty with a third eyelid covering for descemetocele correction with corneal perforation in a domestic cat. Case: A 2-year-old feline female was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Amazonia (UNAMA), presenting a traumatic ocular lesion with evolution of more than 25 days, refractory to treatment as eye drops. The ophthalmologic examination revealed presence of extravasated polymerized necrotic tissue in the cornea of the left eye, with Descemetocele as diagnosis. The treatment indicated was Reconstructive Keratoplasty without graft with third eyelid coating. As an anesthetic protocol, MPA was used with acepromazine, ketamine hydrochloride as the inducing agent and isoflurane in mask vaporization for the maintenance of the anesthetic plane. After preparation of the patient, the surgical procedure consisted of excision with a scalpel blade of the necrotic tissue, exposure of the endothelial layer and suture of the cornea with Vincryl®, in a simple discontinuous pattern. […](AU)

Ceratoplastia com recobrimento de terceira pálpebra em felino domésticopara o tratamento de descemetocele com perfuração de córnea / Keratoplasty with covering third eyelid in domestic feline for descemetocele treatment with corneal perforation

Background: Descemetocele is a lesion on the descemet’s membrane most often caused by very deep ulcerations in the cornea, where the epithelium, basement membrane and stroma layers are exposed, leading to a distortion of the corneal structure. Because it is an injury whose evolution can lead to loss of vision, Descemetocele is considered a surgical emergency because, within the various techniques adopted, there is always an attempt to preserve the ocular bulb. Thus, the adoption of various reconstructive keratoplasty procedures have been described in descemet’s membrane repair and ocular perforations of varying degrees of extension. In this surgical technique, tissue fragments (autogenous, autologous or xenologous) are usually used, the surgical method being defined according to the degree of injury (partial or total) and the amount of tissue required to be replaced. The aim of this study was to report a case of Keratoplasty with a third eyelid covering for descemetocele correction with corneal perforation in a domestic cat. Case: A 2-year-old feline female was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Amazonia (UNAMA), presenting a traumatic ocular lesion with evolution of more than 25 days, refractory to treatment as eye drops. The ophthalmologic examination revealed presence of extravasated polymerized necrotic tissue in the cornea of the left eye, with Descemetocele as diagnosis. The treatment indicated was Reconstructive Keratoplasty without graft with third eyelid coating. As an anesthetic protocol, MPA was used with acepromazine, ketamine hydrochloride as the inducing agent and isoflurane in mask vaporization for the maintenance of the anesthetic plane. After preparation of the patient, the surgical procedure consisted of excision with a scalpel blade of the necrotic tissue, exposure of the endothelial layer and suture of the cornea with Vincryl®, in a simple discontinuous pattern. […]

Bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone composite as tissue substitutes in rabbits' cornea / Celulose bacteriana e composto de celulose bacteriana/policaprolactone para substituto tissular na córnea de coelho

In order to test the performance of bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone composite (BC/PCL) and pure bacterial cellulose (BC) as tissue substitutes in rabbits' cornea, a superficial ulcer containing 5mm in diameter and 0.2mm deep was made in the right cornea of 36 rabbits, then a interlayer pocket was created from the basis of this ulcer. Twelve rabbits received BC/PCL membrane and 12 were treated with BC membranes, both membranes with 8mm in diameter. The remaining rabbits received no membrane constituting the control group. The animals were clinically followed up for 45 days. Three animals of each group were euthanized at three, seven, 21, and 45 days after implantation for histological examination of the cornea along with the implant. Clinical observation revealed signs of moderate inflammatory process, decreasing from day 20th in the implanted groups. Histology showed absence of epithelium on the membranes, fibroplasia close to the implants, lymph inflammatory infiltrate with giant cells, collagen disorganization, with a predominance of immature collagen fibers in both groups with implants. Although inflammatory response is acceptable, the membranes used does not satisfactorily played the role of tissue substitute for the cornea during the study period.(AU)

Com objetivo de testar o desempenho do compósito celulose bacteriana/policaprolactona (CB/PCL) e da celulose bacteriana pura (CB) como substitutos teciduais em córnea de coelhos, foi realizada uma úlcera superficial de 5 mm de diâmetro e 0,2 mm de profundidade na córnea direita de 36 coelhos, criando-se um bolso interlamelar a partir da base dessa úlcera. Doze animais receberam a membrana do compósito CB/PCL e 12 foram tratados com membranas de CB, ambas com 8 mm de diâmetro, os coelhos restantes não receberam nenhuma membrana, constituindo o grupo controle. Os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente até 45 dias. Três animais de cada grupo sofreram eutanásia aos três, sete, 21 e 45 dias após o implante das membranas para análise histológica da córnea juntamente com o implante. À observação clínica, houve sinais de processo inflamatório moderado, diminuindo a partir do 20º dia nos grupos implantados. A histologia demonstrou ausência de epitélio sobre as membranas, fibroplasia próxima aos implantes, infiltrado inflamatório linfo-histiocitário com células gigantes, desorganização do colágeno, com predominância de fibras imaturas de colágeno em ambos os grupos com implantes. Embora a resposta inflamatória seja aceitável, as membranas utilizadas não desempenharam satisfatoriamente o papel de substituto tecidual para a córnea, no período estudado.(AU)

Lamellar keratoplasty in rabbits using an allogeneic free omental graft and omentum-derived mesenchymal cells associated with the canine amniotic membrane / Ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos usando enxerto de omento alógeno livre e células mesenquimais omentais associadas com membrana amniótica canina

The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic effects in rabbits of lamellar keratoplasty using allogeneic omentum associated with canine amniotic membrane (AM). Rabbits were divided into two groups: one received the allogeneic free omental graft covered with the AM (OM-graft group), while the other received the AM graft containing omental mesenchymal cells (OM-cell group). Clinical signs were evaluated on different postoperative days. After the clinical assessments, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, marker for proliferation). Both groups showed chemosis, blepharospasm, eye discharge, hyperemia, and corneal opacity/edema. Neovascularization was observed in the OM-cell group. Histopathological evaluation revealed epithelial islands within the stroma of OM-cell samples. Thirty days after surgery, complete corneal re-epithelialization had occurred in both groups. The OM-cell group showed more Ki-67 positive cells. The free omentum and its cells, combined with the AM, contributed to corneal repair, a process that was completed 30 days after lamellar keratoplasty.

Objetivou-se, com a pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos clínicos e microscópicos da associação do omento de coelho com a membrana amniótica (AM) canina, na ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos. Dois grupos foram constituídos: um recebeu enxerto de omento alógeno livre, recoberto por AM (grupo OM- graft); o outro recebeu enxerto de AM contendo células mesenquimais derivadas do omento (grupo OM-cell). Manifestações clínicas foram avaliadas em diferentes tempos de pós-operatórios. Após as avaliações clínicas, coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia e córneas foram colhidas para histopatologia e imunohistoquímica (Ki-67, marcador de proliferação). Relativamente às manifestações clínicas, ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais de quemose, blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, hiperemia e opacidade/edema. Neovascularização foi observada no grupo OM-cell. Avaliações à histopatologia mostraram que uma amostra de OM-cell apresentou ilhas de epitélio dentro do estroma. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, observou-se reepitelização corneal completa, em OM-graft e OM-cell. O grupo OM-cell apresentou mais células positivas para Ki-67. O omento livre e suas células, associados à AM, contribuíram para a reparação corneal, que se completou após 30 dias de ceratoplastia lamelar.

Lamellar keratoplasty in rabbits using an allogeneic free omental graft and omentum-derived mesenchymal cells associated with the canine amniotic membrane / Ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos usando enxerto de omento alógeno livre e células mesenquimais omentais associadas com membrana amniótica canina

The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic effects in rabbits of lamellar keratoplasty using allogeneic omentum associated with canine amniotic membrane (AM). Rabbits were divided into two groups: one received the allogeneic free omental graft covered with the AM (OM-graft group), while the other received the AM graft containing omental mesenchymal cells (OM-cell group). Clinical signs were evaluated on different postoperative days. After the clinical assessments, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, marker for proliferation). Both groups showed chemosis, blepharospasm, eye discharge, hyperemia, and corneal opacity/edema. Neovascularization was observed in the OM-cell group. Histopathological evaluation revealed epithelial islands within the stroma of OM-cell samples. Thirty days after surgery, complete corneal re-epithelialization had occurred in both groups. The OM-cell group showed more Ki-67 positive cells. The free omentum and its cells, combined with the AM, contributed to corneal repair, a process that was completed 30 days after lamellar keratoplasty.(AU)

Objetivou-se, com a pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos clínicos e microscópicos da associação do omento de coelho com a membrana amniótica (AM) canina, na ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos. Dois grupos foram constituídos: um recebeu enxerto de omento alógeno livre, recoberto por AM (grupo OM- graft); o outro recebeu enxerto de AM contendo células mesenquimais derivadas do omento (grupo OM-cell). Manifestações clínicas foram avaliadas em diferentes tempos de pós-operatórios. Após as avaliações clínicas, coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia e córneas foram colhidas para histopatologia e imunohistoquímica (Ki-67, marcador de proliferação). Relativamente às manifestações clínicas, ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais de quemose, blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, hiperemia e opacidade/edema. Neovascularização foi observada no grupo OM-cell. Avaliações à histopatologia mostraram que uma amostra de OM-cell apresentou ilhas de epitélio dentro do estroma. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, observou-se reepitelização corneal completa, em OM-graft e OM-cell. O grupo OM-cell apresentou mais células positivas para Ki-67. O omento livre e suas células, associados à AM, contribuíram para a reparação corneal, que se completou após 30 dias de ceratoplastia lamelar.(AU)

Bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone composite as tissue substitutes in rabbits' cornea / Celulose bacteriana e composto de celulose bacteriana/policaprolactone para substituto tissular na córnea de coelho

In order to test the performance of bacterial cellulose/polycaprolactone composite (BC/PCL) and pure bacterial cellulose (BC) as tissue substitutes in rabbits' cornea, a superficial ulcer containing 5mm in diameter and 0.2mm deep was made in the right cornea of 36 rabbits, then a interlayer pocket was created from the basis of this ulcer. Twelve rabbits received BC/PCL membrane and 12 were treated with BC membranes, both membranes with 8mm in diameter. The remaining rabbits received no membrane constituting the control group. The animals were clinically followed up for 45 days. Three animals of each group were euthanized at three, seven, 21, and 45 days after implantation for histological examination of the cornea along with the implant. Clinical observation revealed signs of moderate inflammatory process, decreasing from day 20th in the implanted groups. Histology showed absence of epithelium on the membranes, fibroplasia close to the implants, lymph inflammatory infiltrate with giant cells, collagen disorganization, with a predominance of immature collagen fibers in both groups with implants. Although inflammatory response is acceptable, the membranes used does not satisfactorily played the role of tissue substitute for the cornea during the study period.(AU)

Com objetivo de testar o desempenho do compósito celulose bacteriana/policaprolactona (CB/PCL) e da celulose bacteriana pura (CB) como substitutos teciduais em córnea de coelhos, foi realizada uma úlcera superficial de 5 mm de diâmetro e 0,2 mm de profundidade na córnea direita de 36 coelhos, criando-se um bolso interlamelar a partir da base dessa úlcera. Doze animais receberam a membrana do compósito CB/PCL e 12 foram tratados com membranas de CB, ambas com 8 mm de diâmetro, os coelhos restantes não receberam nenhuma membrana, constituindo o grupo controle. Os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente até 45 dias. Três animais de cada grupo sofreram eutanásia aos três, sete, 21 e 45 dias após o implante das membranas para análise histológica da córnea juntamente com o implante. À observação clínica, houve sinais de processo inflamatório moderado, diminuindo a partir do 20º dia nos grupos implantados. A histologia demonstrou ausência de epitélio sobre as membranas, fibroplasia próxima aos implantes, infiltrado inflamatório linfo-histiocitário com células gigantes, desorganização do colágeno, com predominância de fibras imaturas de colágeno em ambos os grupos com implantes. Embora a resposta inflamatória seja aceitável, as membranas utilizadas não desempenharam satisfatoriamente o papel de substituto tecidual para a córnea, no período estudado.(AU)

ESTUDO ULTRASSONOGRÁFICO DA PERFUSÃO RENAL EM CADELAS COM CARCINOMA MAMÁRIO TRATADAS COM CARPROFENO POR LONGOS PERÍODOS

A córnea atua como principal elemento refrativo do olho, para tal tem que manter-se transparente. O endotélio corneal é um peça chave para essa manutenção, possuindo mecanismos como a bomba de Na+ e K+ que ajudam a garantir a desturgescência corneal. Descompensações endoteliais constituem uma importante indicação de transplante da córnea, uma vez que as células endoteliais corneais apresentam limitada capacidade proliferativa. Entretanto, transplantes são procedimentos cirúrgicos complicados e de elevado custo. Alternativas e coadjuvantes medicamentosos vêm sendo estudadas. O fucoidam é uma substância que, dentre outras propriedades, promove migração e proliferação celular, portanto objetivou-se, com a presente pesquisa, avaliar seus efeitos sobre a morfologia, a ploidia e o metabolismo de células endoteliais da córnea de coelhos, após criolesão experimental. Para tal, foram realizadas avaliações quanto à morfologia e viabilidade celular empregando-se dupla marcação com corantes vitais (alizarina vermelha e azul de tripan) e ultraestrutural pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e de varredura. Outrossim, avaliou-se a morfometria in vivo e in vitro de seguintes parâmetros: número de células, densidade, hexagonalidade e coeficiente de variação celulares. Estudou- se o metabolismo dessas células empregando-se a imunofluorescência com observação em confocal dos anticorpos Ki-67, Na+K+/ATPase, n-Caderina e Zo-1, conjugados com Alexafluor-488. Visando-se a conseguirem conhecimentos adicionais relativos à atividade nuclear durante o processo de cicatrização do endotélio corneal na presença de fucoidam foram analisados, a partir da reação de feulgen, perímetro e área nucleares, além da supraorganização da cromatina. A criolesão ensejou piora de todos parâmetros morfométricos, com diminuição das células, densidade celular, do percentagem de células padrão com 6 lados e aumento no coeficiente de variação, a retomada aos valores normais com o decorrer do tempo foi melhor em olhos tratados com fucoidam. Nas córneas que não receberam fucoidam observou-se células desvitalizadas em todo decorer do tempo de avaliação. Houve diminuição da expressão das proteínas de junção celular (n-Caderina e Zo-1) logo após a lesão e aumento progressivo no decorrer do tempo, em contrapartida o contrário ocorreu com Ki-67, revelando aumento na proliferação celular após lesão e baixa das expressão das demais proteínas, com notável estimulação na presença do fucoidam. As características do comportamento nuclear, como descompactação da cromatina na presença do fucoidam puderam ratificar essa proliferação. O fucoidam atuou na modulação à reparação cicatricial, revelando cicatrizes menos opacas, estimulando a proliferação celular e mediando a expressão das proteínas de ligação e atuando na proteção contra morte celular.

The cornea as the main refractive element of the eye, which has to remain transparent. The corneal endothelium is a key piece for this maintenance, having mechanisms such as the Na + and K + pump that help to ensure corneal dysurgescence. Endothelial decompensations are an important indication for corneal transplantation, since the corneal endothelial cells have limited proliferative capacity. However, transplants are complicated and expensive surgical procedures. Alternatives and drug coadjuvants have been studied. Fucoidam is a substance that, among other properties, promotes cell migration and proliferation, therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate its effects on the morphology, ploidy and metabolism of rabbit cornea endothelial cells after experimental cryoinjury. For this, evaluations were made for morphology and cell viability using double labeling with vital dye (alizarin red and tripan blue) and ultrastructural analysis by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Morphometry (in vivo and in vitro) of the following parameters were also evaluated: cell number, cell density, hexagonality and coefficient of variation. The metabolism of these cells was studied using immunofluorescence with confocal observation of the Ki-67, Na + K + / ATPase, n- Caderin and Zo-1 antibodies, conjugated to Alexafluor-488. In order to obtain additional knowledge regarding the nuclear activity during the healing process of the corneal endothelium in the presence of fucoidam were analyzed, from the feulgen reaction, nuclear perimeter and area, in addition to the chromatin supraorganization. Cryoinjury resulted in worsening of all morphometric parameters, with cell decrease, cell density, the percentage of standard cells with 6 sides and increase in coefficient of variation, the recovery to normal values with time was better in eyes treated with fucoidam. In the corneas that did not receive fucoidam devitalised cells were observed throughout the evaluation time. There was a decrease in the expression of the cellular junction proteins (n-Caderin and Zo-1) shortly after injury and progressive increase over time, whereas the opposite occurred with Ki-67, revealing increased cell proliferation after injury and low expression of the other proteins, with remarkable stimulation in the presence of fucoidam. The characteristics of nuclear behavior, such as the decomposition of chromatin in the presence of fucoidam, could confirm this proliferation. Fucoidam has been involved in modulation of scar repair, revealing less opaque scars, stimulating cell proliferation and mediating the expression of binding proteins, and acting to protect against cell death.

Microbiological profile of donor corneas stored for tectonic transplantation purposes in rabbits / Microbiologia de amostras de bancos de córneas destinadas a transplantes, em coelhos

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiota of donor rabbit corneas stored for tectonic transplantation purposes. Swabs from both corneas of 20 rabbits were carefully collected and submitted to microorganism isolation and identification. After this first swab collection, rabbits were euthanized for reasons other than this project and the eyes were enucleated. The corneas were collected and stored to compose the cornea tissue bank. Corneas were stored in a 0.3% tobramycin solution at -20ºC. After 30 days, the corneas were thawed at room temperature and removed from the antibiotic. New swabs were obtained from the corneas and submitted to microorganism isolation and identification. Gram positive organisms were predominant in the rabbit corneal flora before storage and the Staphylococcus sp. was the most common microorganism isolated from those samples. No growth was observed on the samples collected after storage. The methods used for collection and storage of the corneas were efficient to constitute a sterile donor corneal tissue bank.(AU)

Analisaram-se córneas armazenadas para transplantes tectônicos usando-se suabes coletados de 20 coelhos, visando ao isolamento e à identificação de microrganismos. Após a coleta das amostras, os coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia, por razões alheias ao estudo, e enucleados. As córneas foram coletadas e armazenadas a fim de se constituir o banco de córneas. O armazenamento deu-se em solução de tobramicina 0,3% a -20ºC, por 30 dias. Após esse período, as córneas foram descongeladas à temperatura ambiente e removidas da solução de antibiótico. Novos suabes foram coletados e submetidos ao isolamento e à identificação dos microrganismos. A flora corneal mostrou-se predominantemente composta por bactérias Gram positivas, sendo o Staphylococcus sp. o mais identificado. Não se verificou crescimento de colônias bacterianas ou fúngicas nas amostras após o armazenamento. Considerando-se a maneira como a pesquisa foi concebida e as injunções do meio em que ela foi realizada, há como admitir, pela ausência de crescimento microbiano nas amostras armazenadas, que a técnica de armazenamento empregada é segura para a estocagem de córneas destinadas a transplantes.(AU)

Transposição do ducto parotídeo em cão: relato de caso / Parotid duct transposition in dog: case report / Transpocisión del ducto parotídeo en un perro: relato de caso

La transposición del ducto parotídeo es un procedimiento quirúrgico utilizado como alternativa al tratamiento de la queratoconjuntivitis sicca que es refractaria al tratamiento clínico. Esta abordaje quirúrgica es realizada por medio de la transposición del ducto parotídeo de la cavidad oral para el fórnix conjuntival inferior, permitiendo la sustitución de la lágrima por la saliva. Un canino de 2 años de edad, sin raza definida, porte grande, fue atendido por el servicio de oftalmología del Laboratorio de Oftalmología comparada del Hospital Veterinario da Universidade Federal do Paraná y diagnosticado con queratoconjuntivitis sicca severa probablemente de causa neurogénica. Como el paciente demostró ser refractario al tratamiento clínico instituído previamente, se optó por el procedimiento quirúrgico mencionado anteriormente, utilizando el abordaje transcutáneo (abierto). A pesar de las consecuencias, que incluyeron epífora, blefaritis y deposición de minerales en la córnea, el procedimiento fue bien sucedido, permitiendo la lubricación de la superficie ocular.(AU)

Parotid duct transposition is an alternative surgical approach for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca when the clinical management has proven unsuccessful. This procedure consists in the transposition of parotid duct from the mouth to the inferior conjunctival fornix to provide lubrification of the eye. A large 2-yearold dog, presented at ophthalmology service of Comparative Veterinary Ophthalmology Laboratory at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca with probably a neurogenic cause and refractory to previous medical treatments. There by, the patient was treated surgically by the afore mentioned technique. Although some of the expected complications appeared, including epiphora, blepharitis and mineral deposition in the cornea, the surgery was successful providing lubrication of the eye.(AU)

A transposição do ducto parotídeo é um procedimento cirúrgico utilizado como alternativa para o tratamento da ceratoconjuntivite seca refratária ao tratamento clínico. Esta abordagem cirúrgica é realizada por meio da transposição do ducto parotídeo da cavidade oral para o fórnice conjuntival inferior, permitindo a substituição da lágrima pela saliva. Um cão de 2 anos de idade, sem raça definida, porte grande, foi atendido pelo serviço de oftalmologia do Laboratório de Oftalmologia Comparada do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná e diagnosticado com ceratoconjuntivite seca severa de provável causa neurogênica. Como o paciente demonstrou ser refratário ao tratamento clínico previamente instituído, optou-se pelo procedimento cirúrgico mencionado, utilizando a abordagem transcutânea (aberta). Apesar das consequências, que incluíram a epífora, blefarite e deposição de minerais na córnea, o procedimento foi bem-sucedido, permitindo a lubrificação da superfície ocular.(AU)

Transposição do ducto parotídeo em cão: relato de caso / Parotid duct transposition in dog: case report / Transpocisión del ducto parotídeo en un perro: relato de caso

La transposición del ducto parotídeo es un procedimiento quirúrgico utilizado como alternativa al tratamiento de la queratoconjuntivitis sicca que es refractaria al tratamiento clínico. Esta abordaje quirúrgica es realizada por medio de la transposición del ducto parotídeo de la cavidad oral para el fórnix conjuntival inferior, permitiendo la sustitución de la lágrima por la saliva. Un canino de 2 años de edad, sin raza definida, porte grande, fue atendido por el servicio de oftalmología del Laboratorio de Oftalmología comparada del Hospital Veterinario da Universidade Federal do Paraná y diagnosticado con queratoconjuntivitis sicca severa probablemente de causa neurogénica. Como el paciente demostró ser refractario al tratamiento clínico instituído previamente, se optó por el procedimiento quirúrgico mencionado anteriormente, utilizando el abordaje transcutáneo (abierto). A pesar de las consecuencias, que incluyeron epífora, blefaritis y deposición de minerales en la córnea, el procedimiento fue bien sucedido, permitiendo la lubricación de la superficie ocular.

Parotid duct transposition is an alternative surgical approach for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca when the clinical management has proven unsuccessful. This procedure consists in the transposition of parotid duct from the mouth to the inferior conjunctival fornix to provide lubrification of the eye. A large 2-yearold dog, presented at ophthalmology service of Comparative Veterinary Ophthalmology Laboratory at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca with probably a neurogenic cause and refractory to previous medical treatments. There by, the patient was treated surgically by the afore mentioned technique. Although some of the expected complications appeared, including epiphora, blepharitis and mineral deposition in the cornea, the surgery was successful providing lubrication of the eye.

A transposição do ducto parotídeo é um procedimento cirúrgico utilizado como alternativa para o tratamento da ceratoconjuntivite seca refratária ao tratamento clínico. Esta abordagem cirúrgica é realizada por meio da transposição do ducto parotídeo da cavidade oral para o fórnice conjuntival inferior, permitindo a substituição da lágrima pela saliva. Um cão de 2 anos de idade, sem raça definida, porte grande, foi atendido pelo serviço de oftalmologia do Laboratório de Oftalmologia Comparada do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná e diagnosticado com ceratoconjuntivite seca severa de provável causa neurogênica. Como o paciente demonstrou ser refratário ao tratamento clínico previamente instituído, optou-se pelo procedimento cirúrgico mencionado, utilizando a abordagem transcutânea (aberta). Apesar das consequências, que incluíram a epífora, blefarite e deposição de minerais na córnea, o procedimento foi bem-sucedido, permitindo a lubrificação da superfície ocular.

Limbal autograft transplantation in a dog with alkali-induced ulceration

A case of a 3-month-old female mongrel dog with a history of apathy and previous contact with an alkaline (sodium hydroxide) is reported. The dog was reluctant to open the right eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed blepharospasm, photophobia, epiphora, discrete chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, and diffuse corneal edema involving the limbus. The fluorescein test was positive and the result of the Schirmer tear test was 32mm min-1. On the basis of these findings the diagnosis was alkali-induced ulceration and limbal autograft transplantation was performed. Corneal vascularization was observed by the third postoperative day, with intensification in vessel number and caliber on subsequent days and small areas of corneal transparency. The present results show that limbal autograft transplantation is a feasible procedure for the therapeutic management of alkali-induced corneal ulcers.

Descreve-se um caso de um animal da espécie canina, fêmea, sem raça definida, de três meses de idade, com histórico de apatia, contato prévio com produto alcalino (hidróxido de sódio) e relutância em abrir o olho direito. Ao exame oftálmico, foram observados blefarospasmo, fotofobia, epífora, quemose discreta, hiperemia conjuntival, e edema corneal difuso com comprometimento do limbo. Foram realizados o teste da fluoresceína positivo e o Teste Lacrimal de Schirmer 32mm min-1. Com base nos achados, firmou-se o diagnóstico de úlcera por álcali e realizou-se transplante autógeno do limbo. No pós-operatório, observou-se vascularização corneal a partir do terceiro dia e sua intensificação, em número e calibre, nos dias subseqüentes. Também foram observadas mínimas áreas de transparência corneal. Os resultados obtidos permitem admitir que o transplante autógeno de limbo é procedimento factível para o manejo da terapia de úlceras de córnea por álcali.