Metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma in a cat

Biliary neoplasms are uncommon in cats and affect older animals. A 12-year-old female crossbreed cat showed prostration, lethargy, apathy, and severe jaundice. Ultrasonography showed distention of the gallbladder associated with severe obstruction of the bile ducts with thickening of the biliary wall, forming amorphous masses of irregular contour and heterogeneous appearance directed to the lumen measuring up to 2 cm. Necropsy showed a gallbladder with a yellowish and soft nodule measuring 3 × 3 cm, compressing the extrahepatic bile duct, occluding the passage of bile. There were also firm, yellowish multifocal to coalescing nodules in the liver, ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm, affecting 10% of the organ, in addition to lungs with firm, yellowish multifocal nodules ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 cm, affecting 20% of the organ. Histologically, gallbladder and bile ducts had malignant epithelial neoplastic proliferation, which was organized into multiple papillary and ductal projections, separated by moderate fibrovascular stroma compatible with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. The liver and lungs also contained neoplastic structures with a ductal appearance and papilliform projections identical to those observed in the gallbladder. The immunohistochemical examination (IHC) showed intense positive staining of epithelial neoplastic cells for pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and no staining for vimentin (Clone V9). The diagnosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma with metastasis in the liver and lungs was established based on the clinical, macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings.(AU)

Cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma in a goat

Apocrine neoplasms are rare in goats. This report describes an apocrine adenocarcinoma in a 5-year-old female Boer goat with an ulcerated, exophytic, multilobulated mass on the left dorsolateral cervical area. Histologically, the dermis was effaced and expanded by a poorly demarcated epithelial neoplasm with desmoplasia. Neoplastic cells were arranged in acini with papillary projections into the lumen and had cuboidal or columnar, eosinophilic, occasionally vacuolated cytoplasm. Nuclei were round and had finely stippled chromatin with one nucleolus. Neoplastic cells contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)­positive and diastase­resistant, alcian blue­positive cytoplasmic granules. There were 6 mitoses in 2.37 mm2 (equivalent to 10 FN22/40X fields). Histologic and histochemical features in the current case were consistent with a cutaneous apocrine gland adenocarcinoma.(AU)

Acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung in a cat: case report / Adenocarcinoma acinar pulmonar primário em gato: relato de caso

Among the diseases that cause dyspnea in felines, primary pulmonary neoplasia is rare and tends to affect senile cats. This study reports the case of a seven teen year old FeLV infected cat who was diagnosed acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung and kidney metastasis. It presented prostration and anorexia and was hospitalized with dyspnea and pleural effusion. Chest radiography indicated increased radiopacity in the cranial portion of the right hemithorax, compatible with presence of intrathoracic mass and the cytologic analysis of pleural effusion suggested feline infectious peritonitis. The animal died two days after, and the definitive diagnosis was concluded after necropsy and histopathological examination. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma should be included with differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in cats, especially the elderly.

Entre as doenças que causam dispneia em felinos, a neoplasia pulmonar primária é rara e costuma acometer gatos senis. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar o caso de um felino, de 17 anos, portador do vírus da leucemia felina, diagnosticado com adenocarcinoma acinar pulmonar primário com metástase no rim e na pleura parietal. O paciente apresentava histórico inespecífico, sendo as principais queixas prostração e anorexia, e foi internado apresentando dispneia e efusão pleural. A radiografia torácica indicou aumento da radiopacidade na porção cranial do hemitórax direito, compatível com presença de neoformação intratorácica. A citologia da efusão foi sugestiva de peritonite infecciosa felina. O animal veio a óbito dois dias após o atendimento inicial e o diagnóstico definitivo foi determinado por meio da necropsia e da avaliação histológica. O adenocarcinoma pulmonar deve ser incluído como diagnóstico diferencial de doenças respiratórias em gatos, principalmente idosos.

Adenocarcinoma de saco anal com metástase vertebro-medular em um Cocker Spaniel / Anal sac adenocarcinoma with vertebromedullary metastasis in a Cocker Spaniel

Background: Several neoplasms can affect the perianal region, being the hepatic adenoma and the anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC), which is considered the most frequent. The ASAC is a malignant neoplasm originating from the secretory epithelium of the perianal apocrine glands and is rarely seen in veterinary medicine. The ASAC occurs mainly in adult to elderly canines with high metastasis rates. Patients may be asymptomatic or manifest discomfort and behavioral changes. In the presence of metastasis, the most frequent clinical signs are inappetence, coughing, dyspnea, and colorectal obstruction. Given this scenario, this paper aims to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic examination, and necropsy findings of a Cocker Spaniel with ASAC and metastasis in the vertebral body, spinal cord, and cauda equina. Case: A 8-year-old neutered male Cocker Spaniel (12 kg of body mass) with a clinical history of non-ambulatory paraparesis was evaluated. The patient also presented tenesmus, difficulty to defecate, and the presence of nodules in the anal sac area. On the neurological examination, asymmetrical changes compatible with injury between L4-S3 were found. A complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and imaging exams such as plain radiography, abdominal ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were requested. Blood count revealed anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. The liver showed increased echogenicity and thickened pancreas in the abdominal US scan. A slightly heterogeneous, vascularized mass with irregular borders was identified in the topographic region of the sublumbar lymph nodes; MRI images demonstrated an expansile formation in the ventral region of the lumbosacral spine, corresponding to the sublumbar lymph nodes and interruption of the cerebrospinal fluid at L5, suggestive of compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina. A presumptive diagnosis of perianal neoplasm with metastasis was made based on the complementary exams. The dog was referred to necropsy, which revealed a 4 cm tumor in the perianal region that invaded the pelvic canal. Multifocal nodules were present on the lung surface, liver, and kidneys, suggesting metastasis. On the cross-section of the spine, one could note the presence of the tumor in the vertebral bodies, spinal cord, and cauda equina from L5 to S3. Even with histopathological evaluation of the tumor, only the immunohistochemical analysis allowed us to confirm the anal sac adenocarcinoma. Discussion: Adenomas and carcinomas are perianal gland neoplasms common in adult and elderly male dogs; the Cocker Spaniel breed is among the most affected. The clinical signs presented by the patient, such as tenesmus and difficulty in adopting the posture of defecation, are common, although neurological changes are rare. As for metastasis, carcinomas of the perianal region present high chances of metastasis to organs including the liver, kidneys, and lungs, both lymphatically and hematogenously, but few studies have related these factors to neurological alterations due to metastasis. We concluded that metastases from carcinomas to the spine must be considered a possible differential diagnosis in cases of patients presenting clinical signs that are compatible with spinal cord compression and a history of previous neoplasm.

Retrospective evaluation of canine anal sac carcinoma (260 cases) in Brazil: late detection and failures in lymph node evaluation / Avaliação retrospectiva do carcinoma de saco anal canino (260 casos) no Brasil: detecção tardia e falhas na avaliação dos linfonodos

Anal sac neoplasms are common in companion animals, and the epidemiological profile has been extensively described in international studies; however, national data are still lacking. Data on the Brazilian reality of anal sac carcinoma cases' diagnosis and treatment are also scarce. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate cases of canine anal sac carcinoma and assess the profile of involvement, tumor size, and lymphatic invasion at the time of diagnosis. Information was obtained from Vetpat laboratory database, from 260 cases spanning a 12-year period (2010-2021). In histopathological evaluation at the time of diagnosis, data on sex, age, and race were described, as well as tumor size and lymphatic invasion. The presence of metastasis was also assessed in cases where lymph nodes were sampled. Simple descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate the data. Adult and elderly, female, and mixed-breed animals were more involved, indicating differences from international studies that can be attributed to sociocultural factors. In terms of tumor size, it was observed that 93% of the cases had the largest diameter above 2.5cm. Only 7% of the cases had the largest diameter below 2.5cm, demonstrating the often late diagnosis and the importance of rectal palpation examination during the general physical assessment of canine patients, particularly at an advanced age. Regarding lymphatic invasion and affected lymph nodes, 50% of the cases had lymphatic invasion described in the histopathological examination. However, only 5% of the lymph nodes were sent along with the primary tumor, indicating the disease's aggressive behavior but with possible metastases underdiagnosed.

As neoplasias de saco anal possuem incidência importante nos animais de companhia, tendo o seu perfil epidemiológico de acometimento amplamente descrito em estudos internacionais, entretanto dados nacionais ainda são escassos. De modo semelhante, dados acerca da realidade brasileira, associados ao diagnóstico e conduta desses casos, são inexistentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, de forma retrospectiva, os casos de carcinoma de saco anal canino, avaliando o perfil de acometimento, o tamanho tumoral e a invasão linfática no momento do diagnóstico. Foi obtido informações de 260 casos, respectivo a um período de 12 anos (2010-2021), proveniente do banco de dados do laboratório Vetpat. Foram descritos os dados acerca do sexo, idade e raça, bem como o tamanho tumoral e presença de invasão linfática em avaliação histopatológica no momento do diagnóstico. Os casos que cursavam com envio dos linfonodos também foram avaliados quanto a presença de metástase. Os dados foram avaliados mediante análise estatística descritiva simples. Foi encontrado um maior acometimento em animais adultos a idosos, do sexo feminino e sem raça definida, evidenciando diferenças em relação a estudos internacionais, que podem ser atribuídas a fatores socioculturais. Em relação ao tamanho tumoral, observou-se que 93% dos casos apresentavam o maior diâmetro acima de 2,5cm e apenas 7% dos casos apresentavam o maior diâmetro abaixo de 2,5cm, evidenciando o diagnostico frequentemente tardio, bem como a importância do exame de palpação retal durante a avaliação física geral de pacientes caninos, principalmente em idade avançada. Quanto a avaliação da invasão linfática e linfonodos acometidos, 50% dos casos cursavam com invasão linfática descrita em exame histopatológico, entretanto em apenas 5% dos casos os linfonodos foram enviados junto ao tumor primário, evidenciando o comportamento agressivo da doença, porém com metástases possivelmente subdiagnosticadas.

Adenocarcinoma pancreático em um gato / Pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a cat

Background: Despite being rare in domestic animals, pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the feline pancreas. Due non-specificity of clinical signs in cats and the late diagnosis of the neoplasm, it is necessary to understand this disease better, to contribute for the knowledge of its early recognition and treatment. Thus, this study aims to report a case of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a cat, focusing on the main clinical aspects, diagnosis, and prognosis of this disease, in addition to the description of the presentation of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Case: A 14-year-old male neutered mixed breed cat, was referred to the Feline Medicine Service (MedFel) of the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias (HCV) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, with a history of hyporexia, constipation and increased abdominal volume for 3 days, besides mild difficulty in locomotion and progressive weight loss in the last 6 months. On the physical examination, the patient was alert, with a body condition score of 6/9; muscle condition score 1/4 and moderate dehydration of 7%. Popliteal lymph nodes were enlarged, and abdominal distension was evident. Around 200 mL of a slightly cloudy, straw-yellow liquid were drained from the abdominal cavity. After draining the fluid, a new abdominal palpation was performed, and there were fecal retention and a palpable mass in the right hypogastric region. The result of the cytological analysis of the fluid was consistent with a protein-rich transudate, suggesting neoplastic effusion of epithelial origin. Hematological and biochemical changes included leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytosis and azotemia. On abdominal ultrasound, the patient had free fluid in the abdominal cavity, and the gallbladder had discreet of biliary sludge. The intestines showed some corrugated segments with other segments lacking definition of its layers, and without peristaltic movements, suggesting intestinal neoplasia. Pancreas and adrenals were not visualized. On the chest X-ray, moderate opacification of lung fields with a diffuse interstitial pattern was observed, suggesting lung metastasis. The patient presented an acute worsening of the clinical condition and the owner requested euthanasia. The patient was referred for necropsy and based on the macroscopic and microscopic changes, the post-mortem diagnosis was metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Discussion: The clinical presentation of cats with exocrine pancreatic neoplasia is nonspecific, as clinical signs are common to several diseases, such as anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss with normal appetite, jaundice, depression, and lethargy. Complementary blood tests also do not provide data that could lead to the suspicion of pancreatic neoplastic disease. In the present case, the diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis was only possible post mortem. The pancreas is a difficult organ to assess adequately using most diagnostic imaging methods, so histopathology is still the method of choice for differentiating pancreatic tissue comorbidities. Therefore, exploratory laparotomy should be instituted to provide tissue samples from the pancreas and its metastases for histopathological diagnosis, whenever ultrasound or other imaging methods indicate suspicious abdominal changes. The literature reports that less than 10% of affected cats treated with complete surgical removal of the mass and chemotherapy alone will survive more than a year, and the average time for untreated cats is only 6 days. The prognosis of this disease is bad and most cats are euthanized, due to rapid clinical worsening. Therefore, diagnosis is essential to determine an adequate prognosis in advanced cases and to support therapeutic decisions or euthanasia.

Viral diseases of sheep in Brazil: a review and current status / Doenças virais em ovinos no Brasil: revisão e status atual

The increase in sheep production is directly related to the health status of the flock. Brazil is one of the largest sheep producers in the world, and the sheep flock is concentrated in southern and northeast regions. Infectious diseases are responsible for severe economic losses resulting from a decrease in milk and meat production, deaths, and cost of treatment. Among infectious diseases, viral diseases are described chiefly in case reports or retrospective studies. This study aimed to review the main features of viral diseases that affect sheep in Brazil and their current situation in the Brazilian territory. We included eight viral diseases described in Brazil: rabies, bluetongue, contagious ecthyma, foot and mouth disease, visna-maedi, enzootic nasal tumor, ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and border disease. We review the etiological, epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings for each agent and included differential diagnoses, information on recommended diagnostic methods to confirm the disease etiology, and control measures. This study served as quick consultation material for field veterinarians for an accurate diagnosis.

O aumento da produção ovina está diretamente relacionado ao status sanitário do rebanho. O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de ovinos, e o rebanho está concentrado nas regiões nordeste e sul do país. As doenças infecciosas são responsáveis por perdas econômicas severas que resultam da diminuição na produção de leite e carne, mortes e custos com tratamentos. Entre os agentes infecciosos, as doenças de origem viral são, em sua maioria, descritas em relatos de caso ou estudos retrospectivos. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar as principais características das doenças virais que afetam ovinos no território brasileiro, e qual sua situação atual. Nós incluímos oito doenças virais diagnosticadas no Brasil: raiva, língua azul, ectima contagioso, febre aftosa, maedi-visna, tumor enzoótico nasal, adenocarcinoma pulmonar ovino, e pestivirose. Revisamos os achados etiológicos, epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de cada agente e incluímos seus respectivos diagnósticos diferenciais, informações acerca dos métodos diagnósticos para confirmação da etiologia da doença e medidas de controle e prevenção. Esse estudo tem o propósito de servir como objetivo servir de material de consulta rápida, especialmente para veterinários de campo realizar um diagnóstico acurado.

Pancreatic cancer orthotopic graft in a murine model

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers with increasing incidence. Even if progress have been made, the five-year overall survival remains lower than 10%. There is a desperate need in therapeutic improvements. In the last two decades, new in-vitro models have been developed and improved, including tridimensional-culture spheroids and organoids. However, animal studies remain mandatory in the upscaling before clinical studies. Orthotopic and syngeneic grafting is a robust model to test a drug efficiency in a tumor and its microenvironment. Methods: We described a method for orthotopic and syngeneic graft of KRAS mutated, p53 wildtype, 8305 cells in a C57BL/6J mouse model. Results: With this microsurgical method, 30 mice were grafted, 24 by a junior and six by a senior, resulting in 95,8 and 100% of (partial and total) successful tumoral implantation, respectively. Twenty mice underwent ultrasound follow-up. It was an efficient method for the tumoral growth evaluation. At day 16 after grafting, 85% of the tumors were detectable by ultrasound, and at day 22 all tumors were detected. Conclusions: The presented method appears to be a robust and reliable method for pre-clinical studies. A junior master student can provide positive results using this technique, which can be improved with training.

Colonic papillary adenocarcinoma in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Anatomopathological and immunohistochemical features

A captive 17-year-old male crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) presenting clinical signs of hyporexia and constipation for two weeks was found dead. On autopsy, a large and firm mass expanding the large intestine wall and totally obstructing the colon lumen was identified. Histopathology revealed a non-encapsulated poorly demarcated adenocarcinoma composed of cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar epithelium forming papillary projections of variable sizes. The cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells was immunopositive for CK7 and PAN-CK, but negative for VIM and CK20. Immunohistochemistry revealed an immunophenotype different from the enteric adenocarcinomas reported in humans and domestic dogs. This is the first case report of colonic papillary adenocarcinoma in a crab-eating fox.(AU)

Adenocarcinoma em glândula lacrimal de equino / Equine lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma

Background: Lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm, with few descriptions in the literature. Therefore, its etiology and treatment are not well understood. The present study aims to report the case of an equine histologically diagnosed with lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma in the lower eyelid region and third eyelid treated by surgical excision and intralesional chemotherapy. Case: A 17-year-old male mixed-breed equine weighing 300 kg was treated in the large animal clinic and surgery sector of the Federal University of Santa Catarina in the city of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The equine revealed an alert and docile temperament without considerable physiological changes in the physical examination. In the evaluation of the right eye, a tumor mass was observed in the region of the lacrimal gland adhered to the third eyelid and lower eyelid, with a light red ulcerated appearance approximately 7 cm in diameter. Therefore, the surgical excision of the adhered tumor mass was performed, with the subsequent intralesional application of 2 mL of Vincristine Sulfate. In the histopathological evaluation following the surgical excision of the tumor mass, yellowish-white fragments of irregular nodules were observed measuring from 3.5×2.0×1.7 cm to 2.0×0.5×0.3 cm, in addition to microscopy focus clusters of weakly basophilic neoplastic glandular cells, some with a randomly arranged lacy aspect, forming disorganized acinar structures and others showed marking islands of the cells organized in a palisade shape by vascular delicate stroma. The neoplastic cells presented anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, prominent nucleoli sometimes binucleated and with basophilic intracytoplasmic secretory material, delimited by scarce connective tissue. In some areas, there were small foci of infiltrated lymphocytes and plasmocytes and areas of necrosis. The mass was surrounded by connective tissue, where red blood vessels were found outside the vessels (hemorrhage), and mitoses were observed 2 per field at high magnification (40x). After the surgical procedure, it was not possible to follow up and reassess of the patient, so there is no clarification on the possibility of tumor recurrence. Discussion: The case reported is uncommon, being only the second report of adenocarcinoma in the equine lacrimal gland. Therefore, there are few descriptions in the literature about its defined etiology and the best treatment method, although, surgical excision is the method of choice because it is a tumor of high recurrence and invasiveness. In this case, we opted for the exeresis of the tumor mass and later application of chemotherapy, a treatment that was relatively effective, to avoid recurrence and the failure of the technique. In these cases, monitoring the animal after the procedure is recommended, evaluating whether there was tumor recurrence, although this was not possible in the present possible. The third eyelid, lacrimal, and zygomatic salivary glands may be sources of intraorbital neoplasms. These neoplastic processes may have similar histological and behavioral characteristics, and their differentiation is, therefore, problematic. These structures may be differentiated based on the anatomical location, however, clinical appearance and symptoms are identical in most cases. Adenocarcinoma in the equine lacrimal gland is a neoplasm considered rare, so it is important to emphasize an accurate diagnosis through histopathological analyses to differentiate it from other frequent orbital neoplasms in horses, allowing more information about this tumor and establishing different treatment methods.

Adenocarcinoma of the adrenal gland in a female dog / Adenocarcinoma da glândula adrenal em uma cadela / Adenocarcinoma de la glándula suprarrenal en una perra

The aim of this article is to describe a case of adrenocortical neoplasm with manifestation of hyperadrenocorticism. Adrenocortical tumors originate from different types of cells and present varied clinical manifestations, which can be functional or non-functional. Adenocarcinomas are autonomous and functional in most cases, leading to excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, regardless of pituitary control. They corroborate the occurrence of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) due to interference in the synthesis of cortisol. Clinical signs can be observed, as polyuria, compensatory polydipsia, polyphagia, blood pressure alterations, cardiac, renal and endocrine dysfunctions, among others. Diagnosis can be made in various ways, such as urinary cortisol measurements, adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests, and imaging tests and histopathology. This article reports the case of a 13-year-old mixed-breed female dog with signs of polyuria and polydpsia. After discarding the initial diagnoses (diabetes mellitus and/or renal alterations), HAC was suspected, with further tests being performed. The test results showed an increase in the adrenal region, and adrenalectomy and hormone replacement with trilostane were recommended. The diagnosis of HAC was confirmed by histopathology as HAC secondary to adrenal gland adenocarcinoma. The patient also developed diabetes mellitus during postoperative treatment with prednisone, which made it necessary to discontinue the medication.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever um caso de neoplasia adrenocortical com manifestação de hiperadrenocorticismo. Tumores adrenocorticais são originados de diversos tipos de células e apresentam manifestação clínica variada, podendo ser funcionais ou não funcionais. Os adenocarcinomas são autônomos e funciona na maioria dos casos, levando a secreção excessiva de glicocorticóides, independente do controle da hipófise. Eles corroboram com a ocorrência de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) por interferência na síntese de cortisol. Os sinais clínicos observados podem ser poliúria, polidipsia compensatória, polifagia, alterações pressóricas, disfunções cardíacas, renais e endócrinas, entre outros. Estas manifestações clínicas podem se apresentar de forma isolada ou associada. O diagnóstico pode ser obtido de diversas formas, como dosagens de cortisol urinário, estimulação de hormônio adrenocorticotrópico, testes de supressão com baixa dose de dexametasona e por testes de imagem. No entanto, o diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se no uso da histopatologia. Este artigo relata o caso de uma fêmea sem raça definida, de 13 anos de idade, com sinais de poliúria e polidpsia. Após o descarte dos diagnósticos iniciais (diabetes mellitus e/ou alterações renais). suspeitou-se de HAC, com a realização de novos exames. Os resultados dos exames evidenciaram aumento da região adrenal, sendo recomendada a adrenalectomia e reposição hormonal com trilostano. O diagnóstico de HAC foi confirmado pela histopatologia como sendo HAC secundário a adenocarcinoma de glândula adrenal. A paciente desenvolveu ainda um quadro de diabetes mellitus durante o tratamento com prednisona no pós-operatório, sendo necessário interromper a medicação.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir un caso de neoplasia adrenocortical con manifestación de hiperadrenocorticismo. Los tumores adrenocorticales se originan a partir de diferentes tipos de células y presentan una variada manifestación clínica, que puede ser funcionante o no funcionante. Los adenocarcinomas son autónomos y funcionales en la mayoría de los casos, lo que lleva a una secreción excesiva de glucocorticoides, independientemente del control pituitario. Corroboran la aparición de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) al interferir con la síntesis de cortisol. Los signos clínicos observados pueden ser poliuria, polidipsia compensatoria, polifagia, alteraciones de la presión arterial, disfunciones cardíacas, renales y endocrinas, entre otras. Estas manifestaciones clínicas pueden presentarse de forma aislada o en asociación. El diagnóstico se puede obtener de varias maneras, como mediciones de cortisol urinario, estimulación con hormona adrenocorticotrópica, pruebas de supresión con dosis bajas de dexametasona y pruebas de imagen. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico definitivo se basa en el uso de la histopatología. Este artículo reporta el caso de una perra mestiza de 13 años con signos de poliuria y polidipsia. Tras descartar los diagnósticos iniciales (diabetes mellitus y/o alteraciones renales), se sospechó HAC, realizándose nuevas pruebas. Los resultados de los exámenes mostraron un aumento en la región suprarrenal, por lo que se recomendó adrenalectomía y reemplazo hormonal con trilostano. El diagnóstico de CAH se confirmó por histopatología como CAH secundaria a adenocarcinoma de la glándula suprarrenal. La paciente también desarrolló diabetes mellitus durante el tratamiento con prednisona en el postoperatorio, siendo necesario suspender la medicación.

Association between vitamin D and malignant mammary tumors in obese female dogs

Overweight and obesity are known risk factors that are involved in the development and aggressiveness of breast tumors in women. In situations of obesity, local and systemic inflammation may worsen the prognosis of oncological patients. Moreover, hypovitaminosis D increases the risk of breast tumors in women. In female dogs, low vitamin D levels have been found in cases of lymphoma, osteosarcoma and mast cell tumor. The present study aimed to make correlations between body fat composition and serum 25(OH)D concentration in female dogs with mammary tumors. Two experimental groups were formed: healthy female dogs (n = 12; control group) and female dogs with mammary tumors (n = 11). An analysis on body composition was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) equipment. In the tumor group, multicentric nodules were most prevalent (63,6%), with diameters of up to 8.2 cm. The most frequent histopathological diagnosis was tubular carcinoma (45.5%), and 9.1% presented metastases in axillary lymph nodes. The mean 25(OH)D concentration in the female dogs with mammary tumors (37.6 ng mL-1) was lower than the level in the control group (65.4 ng mL-1). Multivariate statistical analysis showed that elderly female dogs with malignant mammary tumors and high body fat levels presented lower 25(OH)D concentrations than those of the control group. It was concluded that female dogs with higher body adiposity presented mammary tumors of higher aggressivity, and that the higher the fat percentage was in the female dogs with malignant mammary tumors, the lower their vitamin D concentration was.(AU)

Oral adenocarcinoma observed in Boa constrictor maintained in captivity / Adenocarcinoma papilífero oral em jiboia (Boa constritor) mantida em cativeiro

Information on neoplasms in animals has increased over time, and these studies have helped in the management of reptiles that present tumors. There are similar incidences of neoplasms between homeothermic and ectothermic animals. Furthermore, there are usually more than one type of tumor present. The treatment of wild animals afflicted with cancer usually happens late, contributing to their low life expectancy. Thus, the present work aimed to describe an infrequent case of oral tumor in Boa constrictor. The tumor was observed in an adult female animal, raised in an exhibition area of the Zoo and Botanical Park of the Emílio Goeldi Museum, located in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil. Macroscopically, the mass presented morphologically with an irregular, multilobulated surface, color that varied from white to grey, hemorrhagic areas and its extension was 3.9 x 2.3 cm. The neoplasm was surgically removed, and the histopathological evaluation revealed an adenocarcinoma, with a papillary-like development pattern and a moderate degree of differentiation. The animal died three months after diagnosis due to starvation. The necropsy showed that there was tumor recrudescence and no metastases. Given the impossibility of surgical removal with a greater margin of safety, and adjuvant therapies, this condition favoured the resurgence of the neoplasm. This compromised the animal's ability to feed and consequently lead to death. Malignant neoplasms in reptiles may have an unfavourable clinical evolution for the maintenance of life, requiring specific therapeutic care such as chemotherapy. Scientific contributions on tumors in these animals are essential for the medical treatment of wild animals, and the conservation of wild species.(AU)

Estudos de neoplasias malignas e benignas em animais tem crescido ao longo do tempo, e os seus registros tem auxiliado no manejo de répteis que apresentam tumores. Descreve-se na literatura que há incidências semelhantes de neoplasmas entre animais homeotérmicos e ectotérmicos, e que estes geralmente apresentam mais de um tipo de tumoração. O tratamento de pacientes silvestres oncológicos geralmente acontece de forma tardia contribuindo para sua baixa sobrevida. Deste modo o presente trabalho objetivou descrever um caso infrequente de neoplasia oral em Boa constrictor. A casuística ocorreu num animal adulto, fêmea, criada em recinto de exposição do Parque Zoobotânico do Museu Emílio Goeldi, localizado em Belém, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Macroscopicamente a massa apresentou morfologicamente com superfície irregular, multilobulada, coloração que variou de branca a cinza, áreas hemorrágicas e sua extensão de 3,9 x 2,3cm. A neoplasia foi removida cirurgicamente e a avaliação histopatológica revelou um adenocarcinoma, com padrão de desenvolvimento do tipo papiliforme e grau moderado de diferenciação. O animal foi a óbito três meses pós-diagnóstico por inanição. A necropsia demonstrou que havia recrudescência do neoplasma e ausência de metástases. Diante da impossibilidade da remoção cirúrgica com maior margem de segurança, e terapias adjuvantes, tal condição favoreceu o ressurgimento da neoplasia, comprometendo a alimentação e consequentemente levando ao óbito. Conclui-se que neoplasias malignas em répteis podem ter uma evolução clínica desfavorável a manutenção da sua vida necessitando de cuidados terapêuticos específicos como quimioterapia. As contribuições cientificas sobre processos neoplásicos nesses animais são fundamentais para a clínica médica de animais silvestres além de contribuir para a conservação de espécies silvestres.(AU)

Carcinoma tubulopapilífero em porquinho-da- índia (Cavia porcellus): relato de caso / Tubulopapilliferous carcinoma in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): case report

Os roedores são pets comuns nas residências das pessoas, dentre os quais destacam-se o porquinho-da-índia, rato twister e a cobaia doméstica como animais de estimação populares na atualidade. Dentre as enfermidades que podem acometer esses animais estão as diferentes categorias de neoplasias, sobre as quais existem poucos estudos e relatos publicados. Tendo isso em mente, percebe-se a necessidade de incentivar pesquisas sobre o tema, visto que o estudo de neoplasias em roedores pode fornecer informações a respeito das causas e formas de tratamento do câncer não só para estes animais, mas também para outras espécies, incluindo seres humanos. Diante do cenário exposto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de carcinoma tubulopapilífero em um porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Sorocaba (HOVET/UNISO). Após a retirada cirúrgica da neoplasia o paciente recuperou bem e recebeu alta veterinária.

Rodents are common pets in people's homes, among which the guinea pig, twister rat and domestic guinea pig stand out as popular pets today. Among the diseases that can affect these animals are the different categories of neoplasms, on which there are few studies and published reports. With this in mind, there is a need to encourage research on the subject, since the study of neoplasms in rodents can provide information about the causes and forms of cancer treatment not only for these animals, but also for other species, including humans. In view of the above scenario, this article aims to report a case of tubulopapillary carcinoma in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Sorocaba (HOVET /UNISO). After surgical removal of the neoplasm, the patient recovered well and was discharged from the veterinary hospital.

Adenocarcinoma de la glándula suprarrenal en una perra / Adenocarcinoma of the adrenal gland in a female dog / Adenocarcinoma da glândula adrenal em uma cadela

El objetivo de este artículo es describir un caso de neoplasia adrenocortical con manifestación de hiperadrenocorticismo. Los tumores adrenocorticales se originan a partir de diferentes tipos de células y presentan una variada manifestación clínica, que puede ser funcionante o no funcionante. Los adenocarcinomas son autónomos y funcionales en la mayoría de los casos, lo que lleva a una secreción excesiva de glucocorticoides, independientemente del control pituitario. Corroboran la aparición de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) al interferir con la síntesis de cortisol. Los signos clínicos observados pueden ser poliuria, polidipsia compensatoria, polifagia, alteraciones de la presión arterial, disfunciones cardíacas, renales y endocrinas, entre otras, estas manifestaciones clínicas pueden presentarse de forma aislada o en asociación. El diagnóstico se puede obtener de varias maneras, como mediciones de cortisol urinario, estimulación con hormona adrenocorticotrópica, pruebas de supresión con dosis bajas de dexametasona y pruebas de imagen. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico definitivo se basa en el uso de la histopatología. Este artículo reporta el caso de una mujer mestiza de 13 años con signos de poliuria y polidipsia. Tras descartar los diagnósticos iniciales (diabetes mellitus y/o alteraciones renales), se sospechó HAC, realizándose nuevas pruebas. Los resultados de los exámenes mostraro

The aim of this article is to describe a case of adrenocortical neoplasm with manifestation of hyperadrenocorticism. Adrenocortical tumors originate from different types of cells and present varied clinical manifestations, which can be functional or non-functional. Adenocarcinomas are autonomous and functional in most cases, leading to excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, regardless of pituitary control. They corroborate the occurrence of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) due to interference in the synthesis of cortisol. Clinical signs can be observed, as polyuria, compensatory polydipsia, polyphagia, blood pressure alterations, cardiac, renal and endocrine dysfunctions, among others. Diagnosis can be made in various ways, such as urinary cortisol measurements, adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests, and imaging tests and histopathology. This article reports the case of a 13-year-old mixed-breed female dog with signs of polyuria and polydpsia. After discarding the initial diagnoses (diabetes mellitus and/or renal alterations), HAC was suspected, with further tests being performed. The test results showed an increase in the adrenal region, and adrenalectomy and hormone replacement with trilostane were recommended. The diagnosis of HAC was confirmed by histopathology as HAC secondary to adrenal gland adenocarcinoma. The patient also develope

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever um caso de neoplasia adrenocortical com manifestação de hiperadrenocorticismo. Tumores adrenocorticais são originados de diversos tipos de células e apresentam manifestação clínica variada, podendo ser funcionantes ou não funcionantes. Os adenocarcinomas são autônomos e funcionantes na maioria dos casos, levando a secreção excessiva de glicocorticóides, independente do controle da hipófise. Eles corroboram com a ocorrência de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) por interferência na síntese de cortisol. Os sinais clínicos observados podem ser poliúria, polidipsia compensatória, polifagia, alterações pressóricas, disfunções cardíacas, renais e endócrinas, entre outros, estas manifestações clínicas podem se apresentar de forma isolada ou associada. O diagnóstico pode ser obtido de diversas formas, como dosagens de cortisol urinário, estimulação de hormônio adrenocorticotrópico, testes de supressão com baixa dose de dexametasona e por testes de imagem. No entanto, o diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se no uso da histopatologia. Este artigo relata o caso de uma fêmea sem raça definida, de 13 anos de idade, com sinais de poliúria e polidpsia. Após o descarte dos diagnósticos iniciais (diabetes mellitus e/ou alterações renais), suspeitou-se de HAC, com a realização de novos exames. Os resultados dos exames evidenciaram aumento da região adrenal, sendo recomenda

Quality indicators in colonoscopy: observational study in a supplementary health system

Purpose: Colorectal cancer is responsible for 9.4% of cancer deaths, and low polyp detection rate and cecal intubation rate increase the risks of interval colorectal cancer. Despite several population studies that address colonoscopy quality measures, there is still a shortage of these studies in Latin America. The aim of this study was to assess quality indicators in colonoscopy, enabling future strategies to improve colorectal cancer prevention. Methods: An observational retrospective study, in which all colonoscopies performed in 11 hospitals were evaluated through a review of medical records. Information such as procedure indication, colorectal polyp detection rate, cecal intubation rate, quality of colonic preparation, and immediate adverse events were collected and analyzed. Results: In 17,448 colonoscopies performed by 86 endoscopists, 57.9% were in patients aged 50 to 74 years old. Colon preparation was adequate in 94.4% procedures, with rates of cecal intubation and polyp detection of 94 and 36.6%, respectively. Acute adverse events occurred in 0.2%. In 53.9%, high-definition imaging equipment was used. The procedure location, colon preparation and high-definition equipment influenced polyp detection rates (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The extraction and analysis of electronic medical records showed that there are opportunities for improvement in colonoscopy quality indicators in the participating hospitals.

Non jaagsiekte retrovirus associated adenosquamous lung carcinoma in a goat

An 11-year-old pet goat presented a clinical history of acute respiratory distress with ultrasound diagnosis of wide lung injury. The animal was euthanized due to welfare reasons. At necropsy, it was found pleural effusion and adhesion on the right cranioventral thoracic region. The right cranial and middle lung lobes were firm and light gray with a neocavity containing purulent exudate. From the middle lobe, there was a nodular proliferation occupying alveolar spaces, densely cellular and composed by cuboid-columnar epithelial cells arranged in papillae and acini (60%), as well as polygonal cells arranged in nests with squamous differentiation (40%). Marked pleomorphism, anisocytosis and anisocariosis were also noted. A total of 39 mitosis figures for ten fields at 400x magnification were counted. Lung samples were negative for jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV) by PCR. Immunostaining for TTF1 and P53 occurred in zones of adenomatous and squamous differentiation, respectively. In MIB-1, 14% (82/594) of immunolabeled cells were observed in the squamous component. In conclusion, the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics confirmed the diagnosis of a pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma, without JSRV involvement, in goat species.(AU)

Carcinoma prostático em gato - relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Prostatic carcinoma in a cat - case report and literature review / Carcinoma prostático en un gato - reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

A neoplasia prostática em gatos é rara e pouco descrita na literatura. Não é um tumor andrógeno dependente, e a castração não ajuda na prevenção ou no tratamento. Técnicas ultrassonográficas e radiográficas evidenciarão compressão uretral ou retal na posição da neoplasia, e para diagnóstico definitivo deve-se realizar exame histopatológico. Não há protocolo terapêutico eficaz estabelecido, e o tratamento cirúrgico não costuma ser efetivo no controle da evolução do quadro, já que é de caráter maligno, agressivo e com altas taxas de metástases. Relata-se o caso de um gato macho, castrado, sem raça definida, de pelo curto, 10 anos, com histórico de disquesia, fezes em fita, hematuria e normorexia. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi realizado por meio de ultrassonografia; no entanto, devido à caracteristica obstrutiva apresentada pela neoplasia, assim como ao prognóstico de reservado a ruim em relação às alternativas terapêuticas, optou-se pela eutanásia, e não foi evidenciada nenhuma metástase.(AU)

Prostatic neoplasia in cats is rare and poorly described in the literature. It is not an androgen dependent tumor, and castration does not help in prevention or treatment. Ultrasonographic and radiographic techniques will show urethral or rectal compression in the position of the neoplasm, and for a definitive diagnosis. histopathological examination must be performed. There is no effective therapeutic protocol established, and surgical treatment is not usually effective in controlling the evolution of the condition, since it is malignant, aggressive and has high rates of metastases. The patient in this report is a 10-year-old male, neutered, mixed- breed, short-haired cat, with a history of dyschesia, ribbon-like stools, hematuria and normorexia. The presumptive diagnosis was performed by ultrasound; however, due to the obstructive characteristic presented by the neoplasm, as well as the poor prognosis in relation to the therapeutic alternatives, euthanasia was chosen, and no metastasis was evidenced.(AU)

La neoplasia prostática en gatos es rara y está pobremente descrita en la literatura. No es un tumor dependiente de andrógenos, y la castración no ayuda en la prevención ni en el tratamiento. Las técnicas ultrasonográficas y radiográficas mostrarán compresión uretral o rectal en la posición de la neoplasia, y para un diagnóstico definitivo se debe realizar un examen histopatológico. No existe un protocolo terapéutico eficaz establecido, y el tratamiento quirúrgico no suele ser eficaz para controlar la evolución del cuadro, ya que es maligno, agresivo y presenta altas tasas de metástasis. El paciente de este reporte es un gato macho de 10 años. castrado, mestizo, de pelo corto, con antecedentes de disquesia, heces en cinta. hematuria y normorexia. El diagnóstico presuntivo se realizó por ecografia; sin embargo, debido al carácter obstructivo que presentaba la neoplasia, así como al mal pronóstico en relación a las alternativas terapéuticas, se optó por la eutanasia y no se evidenció metástasis.(AU)

Bone and pulmonary metastasis from a mammary adenosquamous carcinoma in a bitch / Metástase óssea e pulmonar de adenocarcinoma escamoso mamário em cadela

Mammary tumors are the most common in bitches, and bone and pulmonary metastases are not well described. Adenosquamous mammary carcinoma is a rare tumor that can be classified as a type of metaplastic tumor. This report describes the clinical and histopathological findings of this atypical presentation of mammary carcinoma in an 11-year-old, spayed, Poodle. Surgery was performed to remove malignant mammary nodules with a provisional diagnosis of carcinoma on cytologic examination. Thirteen months later, the dog returned showing left pelvic limb lameness that had persisted for 6 months prior to the consultation. The patient showed right pelvic limb lameness and a mass in the same limb. Radiographs of the affected limb revealed a pathological fracture in the femoral diaphysis and proliferation of the periosteum. After clinical staging, a left pelvic limb amputation was performed. A diagnosis of grade II adenosquamous mammary carcinoma was made through histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Although uncommon, bone and pulmonary metastases from mammary tumors, such as adenosquamous carcinoma, can be considered differential diagnoses for bony tumors. This report highlights the aggressive nature and significant metastatic potential of the adenosquamous carcinoma.

Os tumores mamários são os mais comuns em cadelas e as metástases ósseas e pulmonares não são bem descritas. O carcinoma mamário adenoescamoso é um tumor raro que pode ser classificado como um tipo de tumor metaplásico. Este relato descreve os achados clínicos e histopatológicos dessa apresentação atípica de carcinoma mamário em um Poodle de 11 anos de idade, castrado. A cirurgia foi realizada para remover nódulos mamários malignos com diagnóstico provisório de carcinoma no exame citológico. Treze meses depois, a cadela retornou apresentando claudicação do membro pélvico esquerdo que persistia por seis meses antes da consulta. O paciente apresentava claudicação do membro pélvico direito e uma massa no mesmo membro. A radiografia do membro afetado revelou fratura patológica na diáfise femoral, proliferação do periósteo e áreas de osteopenia. Após estadiamento clínico, foi realizada amputação do membro pélvico esquerdo. O diagnóstico de carcinoma adenoescamoso mamário grau II foi feito através da histopatologia e imunohistoquímica. Embora incomuns, as metástases ósseas e pulmonares de tumores mamários, como o carcinoma adenoescamoso, podem ser consideradas diagnósticos diferenciais para tumores ósseos. Este relatório destaca a natureza agressiva e significativo potencial metastático do carcinoma adenoescamoso.

Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma associated with hypertrophic gastropathy resembling Ménétriers disease in an adult Labrador Retriever dog

We describe a case of hypertrophic gastropathy (Ménétriers like disease) with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in a seven-year-old intact female Labrador Retriever dog. The animal suddenly presented with emesis and died. Gross lesions included a marked diffuse thickening of the gastric mucosa and an ulcerated transmural neoplastic mass in the gastric body. Gastric body and fundus were affected by foveolar hyperplasia with loss of chief and parietal cells replaced by mucous cells and marked dilatation of gastric glands. An area of gastric adenocarcinoma with submucosal lymphatic vessels invasion was also present and metastases were observed in the gastric lymph nodes, small intestine, pancreas, lung and liver. Due to its similarity with other gastric proliferative disorders, including this condition in the list of differentials is a necessary step in the diagnostic investigation of canine gastropathies.(AU)