Implante percutáneo o mínimamente invasivo de prótesis valvular aórtico (TAVI): una solución creciente para el tratamiento de la estenosis aórtica de pacientes inoperables y de alto riesgo para cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico (RVAO) / Implant percutaneous or minimally invasive aortic valve prosthesis (TAVI): a growing solution for the treatment of aortic stenosis of high risk and inoperable patients for valve replacement surgery Aortic (OAVR)

Aortic stenosis, the most common form of cardiac valve disease in the elderly, has an ominous prognosis, when the degree of stenosis is severe and symptoms develop. Symptoms and survival prognosis can be dramatically improved with open cardiac surgery and valve replacement. However in the presence of severe comorbidities and advanced age the risk of the operation can be extremely high in terms of mortality and postoperative morbidity. In the last decade the development of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) has permitted the effective and safe treatment of these patients in a less invasive procedure involving the insertion and implantation of a valve prosthesis on a beating heart. In this article we describe the procedure characteristics, the selection process of candidates and discuss the results obtained with this technique...

Disección coronaria espontánea posterior a ejercicio: presentación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection after to exercise: a case report and literature review

Spontaneous coronary dissection (SCD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with no risk factors, usually described in young women within delivery period. The test of choice to approach diagnosis is coronary angiography, which could result therapeutic as it achieves myocardial revascularization though angioplasty. Occasionally, complementary radiologic techniques are required for diagnosis, as well as other treatments such as coronary bypass surgery (CBS). The prognosis of successfully revascularized patients is favorable, generally with no recurrence. We report the case of a 25 year-old woman, with no medical records, who experienced two episodes of ACS; first after exercise and two days later while she was at rest,revascularized in our hospital due to a double SCD that required CBS with a propitious evolution and remaining asymptomatic trough a six-year follow up...

Disección coronaria espontánea posterior a ejercicio: presentación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Spontaneous coronary artery dissection posterior to exercise: presentation of a case and bibliographic review

Spontaneous coronary dissection (SCD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with no risk factors, usually described in young women within delivery period. The test of choice to approach diagnosis is coronary angiography, which could result therapeutic as it achieves myocardial revascularization though angioplasty. Occasionally, complementary radiologic techniques are required for diagnosis, as well as other treatments such as coronary bypass surgery (CBS). The prognosis of successfully revascularized patients is favorable, generally with no recurrence. We report the case of a 25 year-old woman, with no medical records, who experienced two episodes of ACS; first after exercise and two days later while she was at rest,revascularized in our hospital due to a double SCD that required CBS with a propitious evolution and remaining asymptomatic trough a six-year follow up. (AU)

Mortalidad post infarto del miocardio en Chile: comparación de los registros de angioplastía primaria versus trombolisis / Mortality in myocardial Infarction in Chile: a comparison from the angioplasty and thrombolysis registries

Antecedentes: Desde el año 2005, se ha implementado en nuestro país un conjunto de políticas públicas para permitir un acceso universal al tratamiento trombolítico a los pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM). Para evaluar sus resultados es importante establecer los estándares locales de las distintas opciones de reperfusión. Objetivos: 1) Comparar la mortalidad precoz y alejada de los pacientes con IAM sometidos a angioplastía primaria (angioplastía) versus los sometidos a trombolisis, en Chile. 2) Establecer los factores de riesgo de mortalidad en estos pacientes. Métodos: Utilizando los registros nacionales de angioplastía (RENAC) y de IAM (GEMI), seleccionamos a todos los pacientes con IAM tratados con angioplastía o trombolisis, durante los años 2003 y 2004. Entre ellos, comparamos mediante prueba de t de Student o chi-cuadrado, según correspondiera, sus características basales y su mortalidad hospitalaria, a 30 días, ya 12 y 24 meses. Además se hizo análisis de regresión logística multivariado para identificar los factores que independientemente se asociaron a mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Resultados: En el estudio se incluyeron 857 pacientes con IAM que recibieron trombolisis y 700 tratados con angioplastía. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en cuanto a edad, sexo, incidencia de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, hiperlipidemia ni antecedentes de IAM previo. La mortalidad fue significativamente menor en los pacientes tratados con angioplastía (HR crudo: 0,65; 95 por ciento IC: 0,49-0,86, p=0,03). La diferencia fue evidente tanto para la mortalidad precoz como para la alejada. Así, alcanzó un 10,6 vs 6,3 por ciento (p <0,01), durante la hospitalización inicial, un 11,2 vs 8,1 por ciento a los 30 días (p <0,01), un 15,3vs 10,6 por ciento (p<0,01) a los 12 meses, y un 21,1 vs 11,7 por ciento a los 24 meses (p<0,001), para trombolisis y angioplastía respectivamente. Otros factores que independientemente se asociaron...

Background: From 2005, thrombolysis has been made available as a public health policy to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Chile. A comparison with results obtained locally with primary PTCA is relevant Aim: to compare early and late mortality in AMI between thrombolysis and PTCA treatments and to determine risk factors associated to mortality Methods: Data from national registries of PTCA (RENAC) and trombolysis (GEMI) of patients treated from 2003 through 2004 were analyzed. Early (<30day) and late (12 and 24 months) mortality was compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for mortality. Results: 857 patients received thrombolysis and 700 were treated by PTCA. Age, sex, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and prior AMI were similar in both groups. PTCA was associated to lower mortality rates compared to thrombolysis (crude HR 0.65, 95 percent C. I. 0.49-0.86, p= 0.03). Early, 12month and 24month mortality rates for thrombolysis and PTCA treated patients were 10.6 vs. 6.3 percent, , 15.3 vs. 10.6 percent and 21.1 vs. 11.7 percent, respectively (p<0.01). Increased age, female gender and presence of diabetes were independently associated to mortality, overall. Conclusion: Primary PTCA was associated to lower early and late mortality rates compared to thrombolysis in Chilean registry data.

Disfunción eréctil y estudio vascular de arterias cavernosas como factor predictor de cardiopatía coronaria / Erectile dysfunction and vascular study of cavernous arteries like predicting factor of coronary cardiopathy

During the last 15 years there has been increasing evidence demonstrating that erectile dysfunction (ED) due to vascular etiology is a primary manifestation of endothelial damage and that in a high percentage of the affected men it precedes coronary artery disease (CAD). These findings have positionated ED as a significant risk factor for CAD. The association between these pathological entities relies mainly in anatomical factor since the diameter of the cavernosal arteries is 1 to 2 mm and of the coronary arteries 3 to 4 mm. Considering that the physiopathology of the endothelial dysfunction is the same in both diseases, the clinical manifestations (DE) become apparent first in the organ with the smaller arteries. Classically the vascular study of the penis has been done with the color doppler ultrasound of the cavernosal arteries associated with an injection of prostaglandin E2; in the clinical setting this study represents a penile stress test (functional study). A pathological result in the color doppler ultrasound of the cavernosal arteries in patients with DE predicts the presence of CAD with high accuracy. Taking this information in account the specific study of these blood vessels may allow the detection of patients in risk of having CAD, positionating this study as a screnning method for patients in cardiovascular risk.

Resultados clínicos inmediatos y alejados del implante de stents metálicos no recubiertos: ¿Se justifica un reemplazo total por los stents liberadores de drogas? / Acute and long-term clinical results of bare metal coronary stenting

Background: Since the introduction of stents in 1994, improved clinical results have boosted the development of coronary angioplasty in Chile. Drug eluting stents, that have a reduced rate of restenosis, are being increasingly used. Aim: To assess the acute and long-term results of bare metal stent implantation. Patients and Methods: Acute and long-term clinical, procedural and angiographic results were assessed in non acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing coronary stent implantation between August 1996 and December 2003. Results: During the study period, 932 patients aged 30 to 87 years (194 women) had at íeast one stent implanted. Twenty two percent were diabetic, 33 percent had recent myocardial infarction, 53 percent unstable angina and 22 percent stable angina. Angiographic and clinical success were 99.6 percent and 98.2 percent, respectively. In hospital death was 0.5 percent. During a mean follow-up of 19.1 months, all cause mortality was 3.9 percent, cardiac death 1.9 percent and survival free of major cardiac ischemic events was 85.3 percent. Only 6.4 percent of lesions underwent target vessel revascularization (TVR). Independent predictors of TVR were previous surgery, íeft anterior descending artery, small post stent minimum luminal diameter. Ostial location, in-stent restenosis, and younger age were non significant predictors. Conclusions: Acute and long-term results of bare metal stents in this population were excellent. An intriguingly low rate of TVR was seen. Selective bare metal stenting should continue in lesions and patients with a low risk of clinical restenosis.

Resultados tardíos del tratamiento percutáneo de la reestenosis intrastent con el uso de stents con drogas: un estudio colaborativo / Percutaneous treatment of intra stent restenosis using drug eluting stents: late results in a multicenter study

Introducción. La proliferación neointimal es la causa de la reestenosis coronaria intra stent (RIS). Recientemente, el implante de stents liberadores de drogas (DES) ha emergido como una alternativa efectiva de tratamiento endovascular. Material y método. Seleccionamos pacientes con RIS de stents no recubiertos tratados con DES en forma consecutiva en 3 centros chilenos. Luego del alta los pacientes fueron seguidos por al menos 12 meses. Resultados. De 21 pacientes (19 por ciento mujeres) entre 47 y 91 años tratados por al menos una lesión coronaria con RIS, 33,3 por ciento eran diabéticos y 14,3 por ciento tenían cirugía coronaria previa. Se presentaron de preferencia con síndromes coronarios agudos y la mayoría tenía enfermedad de 1 vaso (71,4 por ciento). Se trató sólo 1 lesión con RIS, implantándose en 15 pacientes DES recubierto con Sirolimus y en 6 con Paclitaxel. El largo promedio de stent implantado fue de27,7 mm (13-51 mm). Se obtuvo éxito en todos los casos y no hubo complicaciones isquémicas intrahospitalarias. Durante el seguimiento, sólo 2 pacientes presentaron reestenosis intrastent y uno de ellos, un anciano, falleció en forma súbita en el seguimiento. El 90 por ciento se mantuvo libre de eventos isquémicos en el seguimiento. Conclusión. El implante de DES aparece como una alternativa efectiva en el tratamiento de la RIS.

Background. Neointimal proliferation causes coronary intrastent restenosis (ISR). Recently, drug eluting stents(DES) have emerged as an effective therapeutic approach to treat ISRMethods. Consecutive patients from 3 centers with in stent restenosis after bare metal stent implantation were treated with DES. Patients were followed for 12 months after discharge.Results. Of 21 patients (19 percent females), 47 to 91 years old, with one or more intrastent restenosis, diabetes was present in 33 percent and previous coronary artery surgery in 14 percent. Most patients presented with acute coronary syndromes and 71 percent had single vessel disease. Only one lesion in each patient was treated with DES implantation, 15 with paclitaxel and 6 with sirolimus stents. Mean stent length was 27.7 mm (13-51). The procedure was successful in all patients and no ischemic complications were observed prior to discharge. During follow up 2 patients developed new intra stent restenosis and one of them died suddenly. 90 percent of patients were free from ischemic events at the end of follow up. Conclusion. DES appears to be an effective therapy to treat intra stent restenosis.

Análisis comparativo de las características clínico-angiográficasy de los resultados inmediatos y tardíos de stents liberadores de drogas vs. no liberadores / Immediate and late clinical an angiographic results of coronary stent implantation: comparison of drug eluting versus bare metal stents

Introducción: La reducción de la reestenosis intrastent ha permitido una gran aceptación de los stents liberadores de drogas (DES). El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar nuestra experiencia clínica inicial con DES y compararla con aquellos que sólo recibieron BMS (stents no liberadores de drogas). Materiales y Métodos: Se compararon 71 pacientes tratados con DES (Cypher® = 32 o Taxus® = 39) con 903 pacientes tratados sólo con BMS. Además del análisis clínico y angiográfico detallado, se efectuó seguimiento clínico de a lo menos 6 meses. Resultados: Los pacientes tratados con DES con mayor frecuencia eran más complejos y tenían características clínicas y angiográficas desfavorables. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la tasa de éxito angiográfico (100 vs. 99,2 por ciento) ni en las complicaciones isquémicas intrahospitalarias (1,3 vs. 0 por ciento). En el seguimiento los tratados con DES tuvieron menor recurrencia de la angina (8,7 vs. 19,0 por ciento), revascularización del vaso tratado (0 vs. 7,5 por ciento) y menos eventos isquémicos (4,4 por ciento vs. 14,6 por ciento). Conclusiones: A pesar de su empleo en pacientes con características clínicas y angiográficas desfavorables, los DES lograron un mejor resultado a largo plazo en comparación con los BMS.

Background: There has been considerable enthusiasm for drug eluting stents (DES) in coronary angioplasty due to the lower restenosis rate associated to their use. Aim: To compare clinical and angiographic results of DES implantation, compared to traditional bare metal stents (BMS) Methods: 71 patients who received DES (Cypher® = 32; Taxus® = 39) were compared to 903 patients who had received BMS. Detailed clinical and angiographic evaluation and 6 month follow up data were analyzed. T test and X2 analysis were used for comparisons. Results: Compared to the BMS group, the DES group had complex clinical (diabetes mellitus, family history, active smokers) and agiographic findings (lower ejection fraction, longer lesions) in a greater proportion of cases (p < 0.05 vs BMS). The immediate angiographic success rate did not differ between groups (100 percent vs 99.2 percent, respectively). Acute ischemic complications occurred in 1.3 percent in DES patients compared to 0 percent in BMS (pNS). At follow-up, angina recurrence (8.7 percent vs 19 percent, p < 0.043), need for revascularization (0 percent vs 7.5 percent, p < 0.02) and new ischemic events (4.4 percent vs 14.6 percent, p < 0.02) were lower in DES as compared to BMS patients. Conclusion: In spite of the greater clinical and angiographic complexity, patients with DES had better long term clinical results than patients who received BMS.

Resultados alejados de la angioplastía coronaria en Chile en elRegistro Nacional de Angioplastía Coronaria (RENAC) 2001-2002 / Long-term results of coronary angioplasty in Chile according to the National Registry of Angioplasty (RENAC)

Introducción: En el año 2004 publicamos los resultados intrahospitalarios del primer registro chileno de angioplastía coronaria (AC), RENAC. Sin embargo, la información nacional sobre los resultados alejados de la AC en Chile hasta la fecha ha sido escasa y parcelar. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados alejados de la angioplastía coronaria en pacientes sin infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) en el país. Pacientes y métodos: Seis de los 10 centros participantes en el RENAC entre junio de 2001 y octubre de 2002 efectúan seguimiento clínico alejado de sus pacientes. Resultados: De un total de 892 pacientes sin IAM sometidos a AC y dados de alta vivos, se obtuvo seguimiento clínico en 744 (83,3 por ciento) y en 772 (86,5 por ciento) sólo de su estado vital. La mayoría había presentado un síndrome coronario agudo y en el 88,7 por ciento fueron sometidos a angioplastía de un vaso. El 84,8 por ciento de las 936 lesiones fueron tratadas con stents. Se obtuvo éxito angiográfico en el 97,2 por ciento de las lesiones y clínico en un 97,6 por ciento de los pacientes. Al cabo de un seguimiento promedio de 21 meses, la mortalidad cardíaca fue de 0,9 por ciento y la total de 1,7 por ciento. Se efectuó una nueva revascularización del vaso tratado en el 5,5 por ciento de los pacientes. La sobrevida libre de eventos isquémicos mayores fue de 90,0 por ciento. Conclusiones: Los resultados extrahospitalarios de pacientes sin IAM y sometidos a AC en Chile muestran una baja mortalidad cardíaca, una baja frecuencia de revascularización del vaso tratado y una alta sobrevida libre de eventos isquémicos.

Background: In 2004 we published the in-hospital results of the first Chilean coronary angioplasty registry (RENAC). To date the long-term results of coronary angioplasty in Chile is scant. Aim: To assess the long-term results of coronary angioplasty in patients without acute myocardial infarction in Chile. Patients and Methods: Six out of 10 participating centers in RENAC between June 2001 and October 2002, providedclinical follow-up of their patients. Results: A total of 892 patients without acute myocardial infarction underwent angioplasty and were discharged alive. In 744 (83,3 percent) patients clinical follow-up was obtained and in 772 (86,5 percent) only vital status could be ascertained. Most patients underwent one vessel angioplasty (88,7 percent) for an acute coronary syndrome. Stent implantation was performed in 84,8 percent of the 936 treated coronary lesions. Angiographic success was obtained in 97,2 percent of lesions and clinical success in 97,6 percent of patients. After an average follow-up of 21 months, cardiac and all cause mortality were 0,9 and 1,7 percent. Target vessel revascularization was performed in 5,5 percent and survival free of cardiac ischemic events was 90,0 percent Conclusions: Long-term results of coronary angioplasty in patients without an acute myocardial infarction shows low rates of cardiac death, target vessel revascularization and a high survival free of cardiac ischemic events.

Frecuencia y características de la resistencia a aspirina en pacientes cardiovasculares chilenos / Frequency and characteristics of aspirin resistance in Chilean cardiovascular patients

Background: Studies performed in Anglo-Saxon countries show that 5 percent of patients are resistant to the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. Aim: To assess the prevalence of aspirin resistance in a sample of Chilean cardiovascular patients and its association with clinical and laboratory characteristics. Patients and Methods: Ninety nine patients (30 women, 63n10 years) treated for stable cardiovascular diseases with aspirin 100-325 mg/day were studied. Clinical and basic coagulation variables were assessed. Platelet aggregation was studied with platelet rich plasma using three different agonists in an optical aggregometer. Aspirin resistance was defined as an aggregation >20 percent with arachidonic acid and an aggregation >70 percent with ADP or collagen. Results: Eleven patients (11.11 percent, 95 percent CI= 4.95-17.27 percent) complied with both criteria and were classified as aspirin resistant. Current smoking was more common in aspirin resistant patients (63.6 vs 29.6 percent, p=0.039). Conclusions: Aspirin resistance was found in a significant proportion of cardiovascular patients and was more common among current smokers.

Práctica contemporánea de la angioplastia coronaria en Chile: informe final del Registro Nacional de Angioplastia Coronaria (RENAC) 2001-2002 / Final report of the Chilean National Coronary Angioplasty Registry (RENAC)

Background:Coronary angioplasty was introduced in Chile in 1982, but only after the introduction of stents it became commonplace. However, the results of this procedure at the national level remain largely unknown. Aim: To assess the results and characteristics of coronary angioplasty and develop a national registry in Chile (RENAC). Patients and Methods: All centers performing angioplasty were invited to contribute prospectively with the clinical, angiographic, procedural characteristics and results of all consecutive coronary angioplasty procedures attempted between June 2001 and October 2002. Results: In 10 centers, 1768 lesions were treated in 1484 procedures (22.98 percent in women). Mean age was 60.8±11.3 years old. Diabetes was found in 21.8 percent, hypertension in 60.2 percent, dyslipidemia in 52.0 percent, active smoking in 40.0 percent, renal failure in 6.2 percent. Myocardial infarction was recent in 28.4 percent and acute in 19.7 percent. Forty eight percent of patients had unstable angina and 15.5 percent had stable angina. Fifty three percent of patients had single vessel disease and 71 percent, normal left ventricular eyection fraction. One vessel was treated in 90.6 percent of patients and 81.7 percent of lesions were treated with stents, 17.9 percent only with baloon and in 0.4 percent with atherectomy. Angiographic success was obtained in 95.2 percent. Clinical success was obtained in 92.2 percent, and 95.1 percent in patients without acute myocardial infarction. Overall inhospital death was 2.2 percent. In patients without myocardial infarction, the figure was 1.1 percent. Conclusions: Coronary angioplasty in Chile is performed mostly for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Stents are the most frequently used devices. The high success, low mortality and complications observed are comparable to North American registries (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 913-22).

Fibrilación auricular focal: características clínicas y resultado de la ablación con radiofrecuencia / Results of radiofrequency ablation in focal atrial fibrillation

Background: Atrial fibrillation can originate in arrhythmogenic foci coming from the pulmonary veins. Patients with atrial fibrillation, initiated from triggering foci, can be treated with radiofrequency ablation. Aim: To report the results of radiofrequency ablation in patients with focal atrial fibrillation. Patients and methods: Thirteen patients with focal atrial fibrillation (8 male, aged 19 to 60 years old) are reported. Twelve had frequent crises refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Two had also flutter and tachycardia. One had a permanent atrial fibrillation lasting five years. Two had ventricular dysfunction and left atrial dilatation. The triggering focus was identified during the electrophysiological study, by the precocity of the potential that initiated the atrial fibrillation. Results: All patients had early atrial extrasystolic beats, isolated or repetitives, that preceded atrial fibrillation. During the electrophysiological study, 18 foci (3 in the right and 15 in the left atrium all in pulmonary veins) were identified. Radiofrequency ablation had immediate success in 11 patients. In 5, a flutter was also ablated. One patient had a sinus dysfunction after the procedure and atrial fibrillation was not eliminated. In this and other patient in whom the procedure failed, a pacemaker was implanted and the atrioventricular node was blocked. In a follow up, ranging from 4 to 31 months, eight patients are asymptomatic and 3 recidivated. No complications have been detected. Conclusions: Patients with focal atrial fibrillation have common clinical and electrocardiographic features. Radiofrequency ablation of the triggering focus is possible and effective in most cases

Ablación septal alcohólica percutánea en la miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva: ¿una alternativa real a la miectomía quirúrgica? / Percutaneous alcoholic septal ablation in obstructive hypertrofic cardiomyopathy: a real alternative to surgical miectomy?

La ablación del septum interventricular en la cardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva mediante la administración de alcohol en una rama septal de la descendente anterior es un procedimiento percutáneo que determina un infarto localizado al septum alto. Esto logra disminuir tanto los gradientes de reposo como provocados en el tracto de salida del ventrículo izquerdo. Los síntomas disnea, angina, y síncope de esfuerzo pueden ser aliviados. La cuidadosa elección de los pacientes, el mayor desarrollo y conocimiento de las técnicas, en particular la incorporación de la ecocardiografía de contraste han permitido utilizar este procedimiento en un número creciente de pacientes con excelentes resultados. Se logra una reducción significativa de los gradientes y síntomas. La mayor morbilidad la constituye los transtornos de conducción y la necesidad de implantar un marcapaso entre el 5-10 por ciento de los pacientes. La mortalidad es comparable a la cirugía y fluctúa entre 0 y 4 por ciento

Estudio comparativo de la angioplastia coronaria en pacientes con diabetes: resultados clínicos y angiográficos inmediatos y evolución clínica en el primer año / Comparative study of coronary angioplasty in diabetic patients: clinical and angiographic results and clinical evolution at 1 year of follow up

Background: The success of revascularization procedures for coronary artery disease could be lower in diabetic patients. Aim: To report the results of coronary angioplasty in diabetic and non diabetic patients. Patients and methods: All angioplasty procedures performed between 1996 and 1999 were recorded. Demographic data, procedure details, hospital outcome and evolution at one year of follow up were analyzed. Results: During the study period, 358 patients were treated; of these, 79 were diabetics. Despite the greater severity of coronary lesions among diabetic patients the clinical success of the procedure was 92.4 percent in diabetics and 91.8 percent in non diabetics. Hospital mortality was 1.3 pecent in diabetics and 0.7 percent in non diabetics. Major complications occurred in 3.8 percent of diabetics and 3.2 percent in non diabetics. One year survival was 95.9 percent for diabetics and 98 percent in non diabetics. There were five late cardiac deaths among non diabetics and 3 among diabetics during the year of follow up. The frequency of new revascularization procedures was 4.3 percent in diabetics and 8.3 percent in non diabetics. Event-free survival was 95.6 percent in diabetics and 89.2 percent in non diabetics. Conclusions: Results of angioplasty were similar in diabetic and non diabetic patients in terms of hospital outcome and late follow-up

Infarto agudo del miocardio por oclusión total del tronco común de arteria coronaria izquierda tratado con revascularización percutánea endoluminal: caso clínico / Acute myocardial infarction caused by total occlusion of the left main coronary artery treated with percutaneous endoluminal revascularization: report of case

We report a 43 years old female who developed an intense precordial pain and arterial hypotension. The patient was admitted to the emergency room in cardiogenic shock. An emergency angiography revealed a total occlusion of the left main coronary artery. An endoluminal coronary angioplasty with the placement of two stents was performed and coronary reperfusion TIMI III was achieved. The patient had a good evolution and one month later, a surgical revascularization was done, to avoid new occlusions. She was discharged in good conditions and in functional capacity I

La clasificación de lesiones coronarias de la Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions, predice mejor el éxito de la angioplastía coronaria que la del American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association / Prediction of coronary angioplasty success using different coronary artery lesion scores

Background. The classification of coronary lesion complexity, using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) is a predictor of balloon angioplasty success. Stents have improved results even in complex lesions. Aim. To compare the ACC/ AHA and the new Society for Cardiac Angiography (SCA&I) coronary lesion scores as predictors of angioplasty success. Patients and Methods. Al' consecutive angioplasty procedures (n=346, 456 lesions, 47 per cent stents) were prospectively analized from August 1996 to March 1999. Coronary lesions were classified using the ACC/AHA and SCA&I scores. Angiographic success was assesed and its multivariate predictors determined with logistic regression analysis. Results. According to the ACC/AHA score, angiographic success was 97, 92.7, 93.3, and 82.3 per cent in A, Bl, B2 and C lesions respectively (p=0.013). There only were significant differences in success between C and A, Bl or B2 lesions. According to the SCA&I score success was achieved in 97.3, 97.9, 75.8 and 33.3 per cent in nonCP, CP, nonCO and CO lesions respectively (P<0.001). With the SCA&I score statistically significant differences in angiographic success were found for all lesion score comparisons, except between nonCP and CP lesions. No other variables had predictive value for angiographic success. Conclusions. Coronary angioplasty angiographic success is better predicted by the new SCA&l lesion score than with the ACC/AHA lesion clasification in a group of patiens with frequent use of stents