ABSTRACT
Introduction: Comprehensive tobacco-free school policy benefits everyone by reducing exposure to second-hand smoking and creating a system that reinforces tobacco-free norm and attitudes, which in turn affect tobacco use having an impact on the health of the community. Objective: This study aims to assess the perception of teachers on tobacco free school environments and factors supporting it. Methods: A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used for the selection of schools with selection probability proportional to enrolment size followed by stratified random sampling of government and private schools. Data were collected from 559 secondary school teachers using a structured questionnaire. Results: Estimation indicated that 48.3% (95% CI: 44.5%, 52.6%) of the teachers were less supportive and 51.7% (95% CI: 47.4%, 55.5%) were more supportive for smoking free school. Logistic regression analysis revealed that non tobacco user teachers were more likely to be supportive (OR=1. 891, 95% CI: 1.197, 2.986) for tobacco free school. However, no statistically significant association was found between perceived supportive tobacco free school and age, sex, level of education, type of school and family size (p>0.05). Exposure to second hand smoking and curriculum content of tobacco issues were not significantly related with tobacco free school. Conclusion: Comprehensive school based programme with participation of school personnel and community can effectively implement tobacco free school programmes.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study is to determine the validity of an original patient symptom diary in recording symptoms of posterior vitreous detachment [PVD]. In this prospective cohort study, all patients presenting to the Hotel Dieu hospital emergency eye clinic between September 2008 and July 2009 diagnosed with acute PVD were offered enrollment in the study. Patients were given the Queen's University posterior vitreous detachment patient diary at the initial visit after detailed eye examination, assessment of risk factors for retinal tears and detachments and a thorough explanation of their presenting complaints to record their symptoms related to PVD. At a random point during their six-week follow up, the patients were verbally asked the same questions being recorded in the diary over the phone. At the six-week follow up visit, the diaries were collected and the verbal results were compared with the written results. There was substantial to near perfect agreement between the verbal questions and written answers. Cohen's kappa scores for flash frequency, flash intensity, floater frequency, and floater type were 0.6229, 0.6389, 0.6495, and 0.8603, respectively. The Queen's University posterior vitreous detachment patient diary is a useful tool for investigating the quantity, quality and change in symptoms of patients presenting with PVD in the first 6 weeks of initial presentation
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Medical Records , Prospective Studies , Cohort StudiesABSTRACT
La presente publicación analiza las remuneraciones, honorarios e incentivos del personal de salud que labora en los establecimientos del Minsa y EsSalud, teniendo en cuenta que ambos empleadores, concentran alrededor del 90% de la fuerza laboral en salud y que los resultados serán de utilidad en ambas instituciones, para identificar inequidades, así como brindar insumos para sustentar propuestas de mejoras salariales y de incentivos, que permitan contribuir en motivar a los trabajadores a mejorar su desempeño y en su adherencia para laborar en zonas deprimidas y de menor desarrollo.