ABSTRACT
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) is an arterial emergency with an overall mortality of 80%-90% secondary to massive hemorrhage. If a patient with RAAA presents in a primary hospital without resolution capacity, survival will depend on early transfer to a center with adequately trained specialists. This article reviews the evidence supporting the centralization of AAAR treatment in qualified centers, specifying the criteria used for the selection of referral centers and the role of a coordinating unit. Our current referral system, which is based primarily on costs, is also described. Patients with AAAR who consult in non-resolving centers should be rapidly transferred to a qualified referral center, following a transfer protocol, and guided by a coordinating unit acting according to technical and established criteria based on results, quality, and costs. Qualified referral centers should have an accredited vascular surgeon and a high institutional aortic surgery volume, adequate infrastructure, endovascular resolution capacity, support services (intensive care, hemodialysis, etc.) and specialized personnel permanently available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aortic Rupture/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Hospital Mortality , HospitalsABSTRACT
Abstract Endovascular embolization of arteries feeding pulmonary sequestrations is a growing therapeutic option. A 51-year-old woman with chest pain and hemoptysis was admitted. During hospitalization she presented 150 mL hemoptysis, hypotension, and hematocrit fell to 23.3%. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed a pulmonary sequestration irrigated by an aneurysmal artery from the abdominal aorta. The patient underwent endovascular coil embolization of the artery feeding the aneurysm and an Amplatzer device was deployed in the proximal third of the sequestration artery. Subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed complete thrombosis of the aberrant artery feeding the aneurysm and absence of irrigation of the pulmonary sequestration. At 56 months follow-up the patient remains asymptomatic, tomography showed involution of the sequestration and complete thrombosis of the aberrant artery. The challenges presented by the different treatment alternatives are discussed.
Resumo A embolização endovascular das artérias que alimentam os sequestros pulmonares é uma opção terapêutica em crescimento. Uma mulher de 51 anos com dor torácica e hemoptise foi internada. Durante a internação, ela apresentou hemoptise de 150 mL, hipotensão e queda do hematócrito para 23,3%. A tomografia computadorizada com contraste confirmou um sequestro pulmonar irrigado por uma artéria aneurismática originária da aorta abdominal. A paciente foi submetida a embolização endovascular da artéria que alimentava o aneurisma com uso de coils e dispositivo Amplatzer no terço proximal da artéria sequestrante. A tomografia subsequente confirmou a trombose completa da artéria aberrante que alimentava o aneurisma e a ausência de irrigação dentro do sequestro pulmonar. No seguimento de 56 meses, a paciente permanecia assintomática, e a tomografia mostrou involução do sequestro e trombose completa da artéria aberrante. Os desafios apresentados pelas diferentes alternativas de tratamento são discutidos neste artigo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic , Endovascular Procedures , Aorta, Abdominal , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/diagnosisABSTRACT
Primary aortoenteric fistula is the spontaneous communication between the lumen of the aorta and a portion of the digestive tract. The most common cause is the erosion of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into the 3rd or 4th portion of the duodenum. It manifests clinically as gastrointestinal bleeding, with or without abdominal pain and a pulsatile abdominal mass on physical exam. Gastrointestinal bleeding is initially recurrent and self-limiting and progresses to fatal exsanguinating hemorrhage. Endoscopic examination diagnoses only 25% of aortoenteric fistulas because these are usually located in the distal duodenum. Contrast computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis is diagnostic in only 60% of cases. We report three cases with this condition. A 67-year-old male presenting with an upper gastrointestinal bleeding. He was operated and a communication between an aortic aneurysm and the duodenum was found and surgically repaired. The patient is well. A 67-year-old male with an abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting with abdominal pain. He was operated and anticoagulated. In the postoperative period he had a massive gastrointestinal bleeding and a new CAT scan revealed an aorto enteric fistula that was surgically repaired. The patient is well. An 82-year-old male with an abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting with hematochezia. A CAT scan revealed a communication between the aneurysm and the third portion of the duodenum, that was surgically repaired. The patient died in the eighth postoperative day.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aortic Diseases , Aortic Rupture , Vascular Fistula/surgery , Vascular Fistula/complications , Vascular Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Intestinal Fistula/complications , Intestinal Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Duodenal Diseases/surgery , Duodenal Diseases/complications , Duodenal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Aorta, Abdominal , Duodenum , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiologyABSTRACT
Background: Chronic limb ischemia can lead to high rates of limb loss and mortality. Open surgery is the gold standard for treatment of distal disease. Endovascular surgery should have less complications with similar outcomes. Aim: To report a cohort of patients with distal arterial disease treated with endovascular surgery at our institution. Material and Methods: Review of angioplasty records of patients undergoing distal lower extremity endovascular procedures between 2016 and 2019. Demographics, comorbidities, form of presentation, type of intervention, perioperative complications, and length of stay were analyzed. The primary outcomes were wound healing, reinterventions and freedom from major amputation. Secondary outcomes were overall survival and amputation-free survival. Results: Forty-eight limbs of 41 patients with a mean age 75 years (78% males) were treated. Ninety-three percent had hypertension, 88% diabetes, 30% chronic kidney disease. 73% presented with major wounds. Plain balloon and drug coated balloon angioplasties were carried out in 65 and 31% of procedures respectively, with no difference in results. In 46% of the cases, only chronic total occlusions were treated. Wound healing was achieved in 85% of procedures and 90% of patients were free from amputation at one year of follow up. Complications were observed in 18% of procedures, perioperative mortality was 2% and one-year survival was 76%. Conclusions: Endovascular therapy achieves high rates of wound healing and freedom from amputation with low perioperative mortality and moderate complication rates.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Peripheral Arterial Disease , Endovascular Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Critical Illness , Limb Salvage , Peripheral Arterial Disease/surgery , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Ischemia/surgery , Amputation, SurgicalABSTRACT
Background: Conventional treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is anticoagulation, bed rest and limb elevation. Proximal DVT patients with persisting edema, pain and cyanosis of extremities despite of conventional therapy may develop ischemia. Direct treatment of thrombosis becomes necessary. Aim: To report our experience with mechanical trombolysis of proximal lower extremity DVT. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of proximal DVT patients treated with thrombolysis between March 2012 and August 2015. Thirteen patients, 14 limbs, median age 34 years (22-85), 8 women, were admitted with pain and swelling of recent onset; one patient with venous gangrene. All patients initially received heparin in therapeutic doses without clinical improvement. Results: In all 13 cases, mechanical thrombolysis was performed using AngioJet®, and associated with single dose thrombolytic agent in 9. Additional angioplasty for residual stenosis was performed in 12 (7 stents) and IVCF were implanted in 8. All patients were subsequently anticoagulated. Early outcomes with disappearance of pain and decrease of edema, with no mortality or bleeding complications. The patient with foot gangrene required amputation. Conclusions: Mechanical thrombolysis with a single dose of a thrombolytic agent is safe and effective in patients with proximal DVT with an unfavorable evolution.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Mechanical Thrombolysis/methods , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Angiography , Heparin/therapeutic use , Stents , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Background: The therapeutic range (TR) of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) for unfractionated heparin (UFH) dosing was established in the 1970 decade. Since then aPTT determination has changed. Current TR may be sub or supra-therapeutic depending on the reagents of the test, and therefore, responsible for complications of therapy. Aim: To establish the TR for UFH dosing in our institution using antifactor Xa analysis as reference standard. Material and Methods: After obtaining an informed consent, 43 blood samples were obtained for aPTT determination and antifactor Xa assay in 23 patients treated with intravenous UFH. Samples were processed at Emergency and Hemostasis Labs. We excluded patients receiving other anticoagulants, with thrombophilia, pregnancy or liver disease. Results: Mean aPTT values in the Hemostasis and Emergency labs were 57.1 ± 18.9 and 56.6 ± 18.3 seconds, respectively (p = 0.77). The squared correlation coefficients between aPTT and antifactor Xa at hemostasis and emergency labs were R2 0.5 and 0.45 respectively, p < 0.001. Using a linear regression analysis, therapeutic aPTT range values in our laboratory were established between 50 and 80 seconds, corresponding to antifactor Xa values of 0.3 to 0.7 IU/mL. Conclusions: According to current recommendations, validation of aPTT determination with reference techniques should be done in every institution.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Factor Xa Inhibitors/blood , Heparin/administration & dosage , Partial Thromboplastin Time/methods , Indicators and Reagents , Nomograms , Reference Standards , Reference Values , Regression Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Background: symptoms predominate. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and appropriate imaging. We report two females, aged 35 and 51 years. One of them presented with a pelvic mass and dyspnea, the other patient had severe cardiac failure on admission. Computed axial tomography scan allowed an accurate preoperative diagnosis on both patients. Successful one stage resection of the tumor was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. Both patients are asymptomatic on follow up at 6 months and 25 years.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Heart Neoplasms/diagnosis , Leiomyomatosis/diagnosis , Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Vascular Neoplasms/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Heart Neoplasms/pathology , Leiomyomatosis/pathology , Pelvic Neoplasms/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vascular Neoplasms/pathology , Vena Cava, Inferior/pathologyABSTRACT
Introducción: Las endoprótesis actuales para tratar aneurismas aórticos (AAA) requieren introductores de alto diámetro (18-25F) y se sustentan excluyendo el aneurisma, mediante la fuerza radial de stents metálicos. Objetivo: prótesis Ovation (TriVascular, EEUU) con aquellas disponibles en el mercado. Material y Método: Entre Noviembre 2009 y Agosto 2010 tratamos 47 AAA. En 10 pacientes usamos Ovation (Grupo 1). Grupo Control (2): diez pacientes tratados contemporáneamente con endoprótesis comerciales. Ovation es tri-modular, de PTFE y nitinol con un stent barbado para fijación supra-renal. Sella bajo las arterias renales mediante 2 anillos llenados con un polímero durante el implante. Usa introductor 13-15F. Usa-Philips-Allura (Best, Holanda). Comparamos: duración del procedimiento, hospitalización y complicaciones. Utilizamos test de Fisher exacto y t de student no pareado. Resultados: Éxito técnico 100 por ciento. Sin diferencia entre grupos (edad, sexo, tamaño AAA, riesgo ASA, laboratorio preoperatorio). Tiempo operatorio (hrs): 2,12 +/- 0,7 vs. 2,0 +/- 0,6 (NS). Estadía postoperatoria (hrs): 44,5 +/- 10,7 vs 49,5 +/- 32,0 (NS). El cuello del AAA y la permanencia en UTI fueron más cortos en grupo 1 (p= 0,035 y 0,0451). Seguimiento (4,5-12 meses) sin eventos adversos, endofugas tipo I ni III, ni re-intervenciones. Conclusiones: Los resultados con Ovation a corto plazo son comparables con los de otras endoprótesis, cumpliendo con estándares de eficacia y seguridad. Ovation navega por vasos pequeños, permite un despliegue preciso y sellado efectivo en cuellos > 7 mm, ampliando el tratamiento endovascular del AAA.
Background. Current endografts used in treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), use large (18-25F) delivery systems. Graft fixation and aneurysm sealing is obtained by a proximal stent, requiring an aortic neck >15 mm. Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of Ovation endograft (TriVascular, USA) with standard endografts. Methods. Between November 2009 and August 2010 we treated 47 AAA. In 10 patients we used Ovation (Group 1). Ten patients treated during the same period with commercially available endografts were used as controls (Group (2). The Ovation endo-prosthesis is tri-modular, made of PTFE andnitinol with low profile (13-15F) and has a barbed suprarenal stent for fixation. Sealing is obtained independently through 2 inflatable rings filled with a biocompatible polymer during the procedure. Implantation followed the standard procedure through femoral exposure, using the Philips Allura imaging equipment (Best, Netherlands). Procedure duration, length of stay (LOS) and complications were compared between groups. Fisher exact test and unpaired Students t test were used for comparisons. Results. Results. Technical success was 100 percent. We observed no difference between groups (age, sex, AAA size, ASA risk, preoperative lab work). Procedure time (hrs) was 2,12 +/- 0,7 vs. 2,0 +/- 0,6 (NS), LOS (hrs) was 44,5 +/- 10,7 vs. 49,5 +/- 32,0 (NS) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Aneurysm neck length and ICU stay were shorter in Group 1 (p= 0,035 and 0,0451 respectively). During a 12 month follow up no adverse events, type I or III endoleak, or secondary interventions have occurred. Conclusion. Results with Ovation are comparable to other endografts currently available, achieving the same standards of efficacy and safety. Its highly flexible delivery system allows navigation through small vessels, easy deployment and effective sealing of AAA with necks > 7 mm, broadening the span of patients suitable for endovascular treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Blood Vessel Prosthesis , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Length of Stay , Pilot Projects , Postoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
Objetivo: La cirurgía endovascular se ha estabelecido como uma opción eficaz en el tratamiento de la enfermedad oclusiva aterosclerótica de las arterias iliacas. Sin embargo, el uso de estos procedimientos para tratar otro tipo de lesiones aún no ha sido bien estudiado. Nuestro objetivo es analizar indicaciones y resultados del uso de endoprótesis en lesiones ilicas no oclusivas. Material y métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente los registros de 14 pacientes consecutivos, todos hombres, 61,6 años de edad en promedio (rango: 25-80) tratados por vía endovascular entre 2001 y 2006 por lesiones iliacas no oclusivas. El estudio pre y posoperatorio incluyó tomografía computada. El procedimiento se efectuó en quirófano, utilizando un angiógrafo digital. Se usó acceso femoral insertando endoprótesis tubulares. Resultados: En 11 pacientes se asoció embolazación de arteria hipogástrica ipsilateral. Las patologías tratadas fueron: ocho aneurismas ateroscleróticos, 3 disecciones, 2 lesiones traumáticas y un pseudoaneurisma anastomótico...
Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Aneurysm/surgery , Aneurysm/complications , Aneurysm/diagnosis , Iliac Artery/injuries , Iliac Artery/pathology , Tomography/methods , TomographyABSTRACT
El pseudoaneurisma de troncos supraórticos y la embolia arterial por proyectil son lesiones traumáticas infrecuentes con uma elevada morbimortalidad associada. El diagnóstico de estas lesiones requiere un alto índice de sospecha clínica, ya que con frecuencia pueden pasar inadvertidas en la evaluación inicial, presentando complicaciones o secuelas de solución compleja. El estudio de imágenes es fundamental para planificar la mejor estrategia terapéutica. La tomografia helicoidal multicorte permite obtener información con mínimo riesgo en apcientes hemodinámicamente estables.Se presenta un caso clínico de lesión torácica por bala que determinó un pseudoaneurisma del tronco braquiocefálico y una embolia axilar derecha por proyectil. Se revisa la literatura sobre estas patologias.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Embolism/complications , Embolism/diagnosis , Aneurysm, False/complications , Aneurysm, False/diagnosis , Wounds, Gunshot/complicationsABSTRACT
Los vólvulos del intestino grueso constituyen una causa frecuente de obstrucción intestinal. Sin embargo, aún permanece controversial el tratamiento quirúrgico al que deben ser sometidos. El objetivo de este trabajoes evaluar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de este tipo de enfermos. Se realiza en forma retrospectiva una revisión de las historias clínicas de 24 pacientes que ingresaron a nuestro hospital con el diagnóstico de vólvulo de intestino grueso, entre los anos 1987-1992. En ellos se evaluó los síntomas, distribución por sexo y edad, exámenes complementarios, tratamientos realizados y sus resultados. La edad promedio fue de 70,8 años (16-91), 11 hombres (46 por ciento) y 13 mujeres (54 por ciento). Los signos y síntomas principales de consulta fueron dolor, distensión abdominal y vómitos. El estudio empleado con mayor frecuencia fue la Rx.Abd.simple, que mostró dilatación de asas intestinales y niveles hidroaéreos. El 83,3 por ciento correspondió a vólvulos del sigmoides y 16,7 por ciento a ciego. Se operaron 19 casos (79 por ciento), en dosse realizó sólo descompresión endoscópica, 2 casos tuvieron resolución espontánea y un caso falleció sin cirugía previa. Todos los vólvulos de ciego fueron intervenidos, realizándose sólo desvolvulación en 1 caso, con buena evolución, en los otros tres casos se realizó hemicolectomía derecha, efectuándose anastomosis inmediata sólo en 2 de ellos. Un vólvulo de ciego falleció por sepsis. En los casos de sigmoides, la cirugía frecuente fue el Hartmann, luego desvolvulación con o sin pexia. La mortalidad de éste grupo fue de 4 casos (19 por ciento). Hubo complicaciones postoperatorias en el 42 por ciento siendo la más frecuente la neumopatía. Se concluye que los vólvulos de intestino grueso, a pesar de los progresos en el cuidado postoperatorio, sigue siendo un problema grave y de díficil manejo, con alta morbimortalidad. La cirugía debe indicarse en forma inmediata en los casos de ciego, sospecha de necrosis de asa y ante la imposibilidad de descompresión endoscópica. Recomendamos la resección sin anastomosis primaria