Functional near infrared imaging of college students on speech fluency tasks in traumatized / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The study aims to explore the neural mechanism of cognitive differences in college students with posttraumatic stress disorder under verbal fluency task based on functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), so as to provide neuroimaging support for the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD).@*Methods@#Posttaumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Combat(PCL-C) was used to screen the subjects, including 21 students in PTSD group (PCL-C≥38) and 30 students in control group from September to Novenber in 2020. A 53 channel near infrared spectroscopy device was used to collect cerebral blood oxygen signals under the verbal fluency task, and correlation analysis, Mann Whitney U test and independent sample t test were performed on the results.@*Results@#The difference in the total average score of PCL-C Scale between PTSD group and the control group(46.38±6.96，25.57±6.09) was statistically significant ( t=11.33, P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Avg-HbO in left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe was negatively correlated with PCL-C Score ( r=-0.37, P <0.05). Mann Whitney U test showed that in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (Ch6), the Avg-HbO change in PTSD group [0.19(-0.09, 0.86)mmol/(L〖KG*7〗·mm)] was significantly lower than the control group [0.79( 0.37 , 1.47)mmol/(L ·mm)] ( Z=2.16, P <0.05), which was statistically significant.@*Conclusions@#The degree of PTSD was negatively correlated with the index of oxygenated hemoglobin in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, and the oxygenated hemoglobin content in the PTSD group was lower than that in the normal group. In the future, fNIRS may be used to collect blood oxygen signals from the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe in cognitive tasks to provide imaging evidence for the identification of PTSD.

Glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia treatment inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through inhibition of Nrf2 signaling pathway / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effects of glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia(GSDH)treatment on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), so to provide an experimental support for improving the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs. Methods The cell injury model was established by hypoxia (1% O

Research advances in the treatment of liver failure with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes / 中华肝脏病杂志

Liver failure is a serious clinical syndrome in which multiple pathogenic factors exceed the liver's self-repair capability, resulting massive hepatocellular necrosis, rapid disease progression and high mortality. Liver transplantation is the most effective method for the treatment of liver failure, but it has disadvantages, such as insufficient liver donor and high cost. The clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in liver failure have been validated, but its application has been limited to certain extent. Cell-free-based therapies, especially mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, has become a research hotspot in recent years. This paper reviews the research advances in the treatment of liver failure with the use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes.

Near infrared spectroscopy assessed oxygenated hemoglobin with sleep quality among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess brain oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy Hb) activation in college students with different sleep quality under the verbal fluency task (VFT), so as to better provide a theoretical basis for the neural mechanism for sleep quality improvement of college students.@*Methods@#A simple random sampling method was used to investigate 96 college students from one university during 2020 and 2021. According to the results of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), participants were divided into 3 groups: good sleep quality group( n =45), moderate group( n =33), and poor group( n =18). The 53 channel near infrared spectroscopy to collect cerebral blood oxygen signals under the VFT task. Association between oxygenated hemoglobin with sleep quality was analyzed.@*Results@#About 18.75% of college students reported sleep quality problems, including long sleep latency (0.97±0.97) and poor subjective sleep quality (0.96±0.72). There was a significant negative correlation between PSQI score and average oxygenated hemoglobin (Avg HbO) index of dorsolateral prefrontal lobe ( r =-0.23, P =0.03). The Avg HbO index differed significantly between good and poor sleep quality groups on dorsolateral prefrontal lobe( P =0.05).@*Conclusion@#This study verified that there is a positive correlation between sleep quality and cognitive ability among college students. The fNIRS technique could accurately collect blood oxygen signals from dorsolateral prefrontal lobe during cognitive tasks, which proves to be an effective tool for identifying sleep quality of college students.

Identification and characterization of a novel elastase inhibitor from Hirudinaria manillensis / 中国天然药物

A large number of protease inhibitors have been found from leeches, which are essential in various physiological and biological processes. In the curret study, a novel elastase inhibitor was purified and characterized from the leech of Hirudinaria manillensis, which was named HMEI-A. Primary structure analysis showed that HMEI-A belonged to a new family of proteins. HMEI-A exerted inhibitory effects on elastase and showed potent abilities to inhibit elastase with an inhibition constant (K

Total Panax notoginseng saponin inhibits balloon injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in rat carotid artery models by suppressing pERK/p38 MAPK pathways

Total Panax notoginseng saponin (TPNS) is the main bioactivity compound derived from the roots and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of TPNS in treating vascular neointimal hyperplasia in rats and its mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, sham (control), injury, and low, medium, and high dose TPNS (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). An in vivo 2F Fogarty balloon-induced carotid artery injury model was established in rats. TPNS significantly and dose-dependently reduced balloon injury-induced neointimal area (NIA) (P<0.001, for all doses) and NIA/media area (MA) (P<0.030, for all doses) in the carotid artery of rats, and PCNA expression (P<0.001, all). The mRNA expression of smooth muscle (SM) α-actin was significantly increased in all TPNS groups (P<0.005, for all doses) and the protein expression was significantly increased in the medium (P=0.006) and high dose TPNS (P=0.002) groups compared to the injury group. All the TPNS doses significantly decreased the mRNA expression of c-fos (P<0.001). The medium and high dose TPNS groups significantly suppressed the upregulation of pERK1/2 protein in the NIA (P<0.025) and MA (P<0.004). TPNS dose-dependently inhibited balloon injury-induced activation of pERK/p38MAPK signaling in the carotid artery. TPNS could be a promising agent in inhibiting cell proliferation following vascular injuries.

Dynamic expression of insulin￣like growth factor 2 during critical period of visual development in lateral geniculate body of mice / 解剖学报

Objective To detect the dynamic expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) in lateral geniculate body (LGB) during the critical period of visual development. Methods Three groups of Kunming mice of different ages were selected for testing, which were 3 weeks old, 5 weeks old and 7 weeks old, twelve in each group. The forepaw-reaching reflex test was used to detect whether the visual function of the mice was normal in each group. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of IGF2 protein and its receptor in the lateral geniculate body of normal mice at week 3, 5 and 7 postnatal, and to analyze the expression of the protein of IGF2 and its receptor in each part of the lateral geniculate body. Results The expression of IGF2 protein in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus decreased significantly at week 5 postnatal and increased significantly at week 7 postnatal, and increased gradually over time at week 5 and week 7 postnatal in the ventral geniculate nucleus. The expression of IGF2 receptor protein in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and ventral nucleus increased significantly at week 5 postnatal, and at week 7 postnatal, the expression of IGF2 receptor decreased to week 3 level in lateral geniculate body of mice. Conclusion The expression of IGF2 and its receptor in lateral geniculate body of mice during critical period of visual development changed dynamically, and the expression patterns of IGF2 and its receptor in different parts of LGB were not completely consistent. The expression of IGF2 and its receptors may be related to the plasticity of visual development in mice.

Progress of researches on global prevalence of Blastocystis hominis human infections and its subtypes / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Blastocystis hominis is a parasite that parasitizes in the intestines of humans and animals, and is closely related to a variety of gastrointestinal diseases such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. B. hominis is distributed worldwide, and the prevalence of B. hominis infections and dominant subgenotypes vary in countries and in regions from the same country. This paper reviews the global prevalence of B. hominis human infections, its subtypes and geographical distribution, so as to provide insights into the understanding of the global epidemiology of B. hominis and the management of B. hominis infections.

Application effect of cardiac remote real-time monitoring system in pre-hospital rescue / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To study application effect of cardiac remote real-time monitoring system in pre-hospital rescue. Methods: A total of 400 patients with coronary heart disease complicated arrhythmia treated in our hospital were selected. They were chronologically and equally divided into routine monitoring group (received routine bedside 12-lead ECG examination and ECG results were checked regularly by physicians and nurses during bedtime) and remote monitoring group (wore cardiac remote monitoring alert reporter, results were recorded by multi-channel simultaneously and auto-delivery mode was activated). Abnormal results recorded by real-time monitoring and time to identify patient's abnormal condition were compared between two groups, and application effect was evaluated. Results: There were no significant difference in percentages of ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, bundle branch block, premature ventricular contraction Lown grade I～II and≥grade III between two groups, P＞0. 05 all. Compared with routine monitoring group, there was significant rise in percentage of patient's abnormal condition identified within 10min (38％ vs. 52％), and significant reductions in percentages of patient's abnormal condition identified within 10～30min (44％ vs. 28％) in remote monitoring group, P＜0. 05 all. Conclusion: Cardiac remote real-time monitoring system possesses the advantages of rapid diagnosis, long transmission distance and simple operation, etc., which is worth extending.

Sucrose reward promotes rats' motivation for cocaine / 生理学报

Caloric diet, such as fat and sugar intake, has rewarding effects, and has been indicated to affect the responses to addictive substances in animal experiments. However, the possible association between sucrose reward and the motivation for addictive drugs remains to be elucidated. Thus, we carried out behavioral tests after sucrose self-administration training to determine the effects of sucrose experience on rats' motivation for cocaine, locomotor sensitivity to cocaine, basal locomotor activity, anxiety level, and associative learning ability. The sucrose-experienced (sucrose) group exhibited higher lever press, cocaine infusion and break point, as well as upshift of cocaine dose-response curve in cocaine self-administration test, as compared with the control (chow) group. Additionally, despite similar locomotor activity in open field test and comparable score in cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, the sucrose group showed higher cocaine-induced locomotor sensitivity as compared with the chow group. The anxiety level and the performance in vocal-cue induced fear memory were similar between these two groups in elevated plus maze and fear conditioning tests, respectively. Taken together, our work indicates that sucrose experience promotes the rats' motivation for cocaine.

Protease inhibitor in scorpion (Mesobuthus eupeus) venom prolongs the biological activities of the crude venom / 中国天然药物

It is hypothesized that protease inhibitors play an essential role in survival of venomous animals through protecting peptide/protein toxins from degradation by proteases in their prey or predators. However, the biological function of protease inhibitors in scorpion venoms remains unknown. In the present study, a trypsin inhibitor was purified and characterized from the venom of scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus, which enhanced the biological activities of crude venom components in mice when injected in combination with crude venom. This protease inhibitor, named MeKTT-1, belonged to Kunitz-type toxins subfamily. Native MeKTT-1 selectively inhibited trypsin with a Kivalue of 130 nmol·L(-1). Furthermore, MeKTT-1 was shown to be a thermo-stable peptide. In animal behavioral tests, MeKTT-1 prolonged the pain behavior induced by scorpion crude venom, suggesting that protease inhibitors in scorpion venom inhibited proteases and protect the functionally important peptide/protein toxins from degradation, consequently keeping them active longer. In conclusion, this was the first experimental evidence about the natural existence of serine protease inhibitor in the venom of scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus, which preserved the activity of venom components, suggests that scorpions may use protease inhibitors for survival.

Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells towards a Nucleus Pulposus-like Phenotype Utilizing Simulated Microgravity In Vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Mesenchymal stern cells (MSCs) were induced into a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype utilizing simulated microgravity in vitro in order to establish a new cell-based tissue engineering treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration.For induction of a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype,MSCs were cultured in simulated microgravity in a chemically defined medium supplemented with 0 (experimental group) and 10 ng/mL (positive control group) of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1).MSCs cultured under conventional condition without TGF-β1 served as blank control group.On the day 3 of culture,cellular proliferation was determined by WST-8 assay.Differentiation markers were evaluated by histology and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).TGF-β1 slightly promoted the proliferation of MSCs.The collagen and proteoglycans were detected in both groups after culture for 7 days.The accumulation of proteoglycans was markedly increased.The RT-PCR revealed that the gene expression of Sox-9,aggrecan and type Ⅱ collagen,which were chondrocyte specific,was increased in MSCs cultured under simulated microgravity for 3 days.The ratio of proteoglycans/collagen in blank control group was 3.4-fold higher than positive control group,which denoted a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype differentiation.Independent,spontaneous differentiation of MSCs towards a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype in simulated microgravity occurred without addition of any external bioactive stimulators,namely factors from TGF-β family,which were previously considered necessary.

Enhancing effect of compound Kusheng injection in combination with chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the enhancing effect of compound Kusheg injection in chemotherapy for patients with stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 286 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in this study. The patients were treated with either compound Kusheng injection in combination with NP (NVB + CBP) chemotherapy (vinorelbine and carboplatin, n = 144), or with NP (NVB + CBP) chemotherapy alone (n = 142). The chemotherapy was performed for 4 cycles of 3 weeks, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated every 2 weeks. The following indicators were observed: levels of Hb, WBC, PLT and T cell subpopulations in blood, serum IgG level, short-term efficacy, adverse effects and quality of life.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gastrointestinal reactions and the myelosuppression in the combination chemotherapy group were alleviated as compared with the chemotherapy alone group, showing a significant difference (P < 0.05). CD(8)(+) cells were markedly declined in the combination chemotherapy group, and the CD(4)(+)/CD(8)(+) ratio showed an elevation trend in the chemotherapy alone group. The KPS scores and serum IgM and IgG levels were higher in the combination chemotherapy group than those in the chemotherapy alone group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The serum lgA levels were not significantly different in the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The compound Kusheng injection plus NP chemotherapy regimen shows better therapeutic effect, reduces adverse effects of chemotherapy and improves the quality of life in patients with stage III and IV NSCLC.</p>

Study on the status of cognition among Parkinson' s disease patients in Xi'an / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the characteristics and influencing factors of cognition on patients with Parkinson' s disease (PD) in Xi'an in order to provide evidence for early recognition and treatment of cognitive impairment on PD patients. Methods Clinically defined PD patients from 7 hospitals in Xi'an from Jan. to Apr. 2007 were assessed with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) for whole cognitive function. Furthermore,Fuld object memory test (FOM) was used to assess delayed memory while rapid verbal retrieve (RVR) was used to assess language fluency. Digit span subtest was used to assess attention and building blocks was used to assess visual space function respectively. Results 100 PD patients were recruited,including 52 men and 48 women,from 43 to 86 years old (65.6±17.1). MMSE scores was used as the standard for Recognition,PD with cognitive impairment accounted for 16%. According to MOCA scores,with PD cognitive disturbances accounted for 83%. Ability for calculation,short-term memory,visual space function,abstract capability,attention and language fluency dysfunction were main cognitive disturbances of PD. Analysis from single factor logistic regression showed that education,age of onset and gender were closely related to the occurrence of cognitive impairment on PD patients. Conclusion Cognitive impairment was common in PD. Ability of calculation,short-term memory,visual space function,abstract capability,attention and language fluency dysfunction were main cognitive disturbances of PD. Cognitive impairment of PD was more likely to occur with low degree of education,late onset of PD,and being female.

Influence of different products of platelet membrane glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies used internationally on tests for monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the influence of different platelet membrane glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (McAb) which are common used in laboratories on the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) technique according to the request of 14th International Society of Blood Transfusion Platelet Immunology Workshop. 30 participant laboratories were provided with 10 known human platelet antigen (HPA) antibodies, 1 normal serum, 9 different McAbs (against GPIIb/IIIa, GPIa/IIa, GPIb/IX and GPIV respectively), and the same protocol. Each participant laboratory carried out the test as the protocol to compare the results of different McAbs against the same glycoprotein and submitted the data to organizer. The results indicated that in McAbs against GPIIb/IIIa, AP2, Gi-5 and PL2-73 showed higher mean S/CO than that of others; in GPIa/IIa, MBC202.2 and 143.1 showed higher mean S/CO than that of others; in GPIb/IX, 142.11 and CLB-MB45 (CD42b) showed higher mean S/CO than that of others; as to GPIV, 131.4 showed higher mean S/CO. In conclusion, capture effects of various McAbs are different, so that different products of McAbs exert influences on the sensitivity of MAIPA. To use a panel of McAbs against the same glycoprotein may avoid the false negative results.

The use of antiparkinsonism drugs in 92 cases in Xi' an city / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the treatment status of antiparkinsonism in Xi'an. Methods Six general hospitals were randomly chosen in Xi' an and all Parkinson' s disease (PD) patients were interviewed by questionnaire from Jan. 2007 to Apr. 2007. Results 92 PD outpatients were enrolled in, including 48 males and 44 females, from 43 to 86 years old (mean 65.6±17.1) with duration of the disease from 0.2 to 27.8 years (mean 4.4 ±9.4). The preference of the drug use from the patients were: 40 (43.5%) preferred taking levodopa, 25 (27.2%) with amantadine and/or trihexyphenidyl, 14(15.2%) with levodopa and others, 4(4.4%) with dopamine agonist and others, 2 (2.2%) with other drugs, 7 (7.6%) with no treatment. There were 69 (75.0%) patients onset with resting tremor, 15 (16.3%) with bradykinesia, 6 (6.5%) with rigidity, and 2 (2.2%) with unknown symptoms. There was no startically significant difference in anti-PD drugs among the patients onset with different symptoms (P>0.05). 45 patients appeared the onset of disease before 65 years old and with no dementia, 47 onset after 65 with or without dementia. There was no significant difference of anti-PD drugs between the two groups (P>0.05). Most patients initiated anti-PD treatment with levodopa but few of them chose dopamine agonist. According to the classification of Hoehn & Yahr, 25(27.2%) belonged to Grade Ⅰ, 53(57.6%) to Grade Ⅱ ,8(8.7%) to Grade Ⅲ ,3(3.3%) to Grade Ⅳ and 3 (3.3%) to Grade Ⅴ. There was no significant differences of anti-PD drugs between different grades of the disease (P>0.05). 55.3% of the patients changed their anti-PD drugs randomly during the therapy, but with no relation to their gender, age, educational level, dementia, the number of family members, course of diseases, or the degree of Hoehn & Yahr, frequency and categories of medicine. Conclusion Anti-PD treatment in Xi' an did not strictly follow the standardized protocol, with few patients using dopamine agonist and over 50% of the patients changed their drugs randomly.

Expression of nucleostemin mRNA and protein in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of nucleostemin (NS) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA and protein expression of NS were detected in 31 mucosal atypical hyperplasia specimens, 62 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens and the matched normal esophageal mucosa samples by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rate of NS protein in normal esophageal mucosa, atypical hyperplasia and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was 17.7% (11/62), 41.9% (13/31) and 69.4% (43/62), respectively. There was a significant difference among the above three groups (chi2 = 33.676, P < 0.01). The expression levels of NS mRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (0.971 +/- 0.121) was significantly higher than that in the atypical hyperplasia (0.913 +/- 0.085) and also in the normal esophageal mucosa (0.866 +/- 0.103; F = 14.829, P < 0.01). The expression level of both NS protein and mRNA was positively correlated with histological grade, infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), but not with age, gender or pathological type (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results indicate that nucleostemin mRNA and protein are over-expressed in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it may be related with its oncogenesis.</p>

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Involving the Bilateral Adrenal Glands on MR Imaging

We report here on a 64-year-old woman with extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the bilateral adrenal glands. Primary adrenal extramedullary plasmacytoma is extremely rare and only three cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the unilateral adrenal gland have currently been reported on. This case is of interest in that the bilateral adrenals were involved. In this article, we present the MRI findings and we briefly review the relevant literature.

Investigation on Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in rodents from forest areas in northeastern China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodents from forest areas in northeastern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR amplification, followed by sequence analysis was carried out. The sequences of 16S rRNA and gltA gene fragment amplified from rodent specimens were compared with corresponding part of the sequences deposited in GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total number of 276 rodents were tested, including 102 in Jilin province, 61 in Helongjiang province and 113 in Inner Mongolia autonomous region. The positive rates were 8.82%, 1.64% and 0.00%, respectively. The infection rate in rodents infected by ticks was 11.30 times higher than that in rodents without ticks (P = 0.002). The S. A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA sequences from rodents in Jilin and Heilongjiang were identical and differed in 3-5 bases compared with the corresponding parts of A. phagocytophilum from America, Sweden and Japan. Compared with the sequences registered in GenBank, the nucleotide sequence of gltA varied from 87%-97% and its deduced amino acid sequence changed from 84%-99%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A. phagocytophilum infection was presented in rodents from Jilin and Heilongjiang province.</p>

Identification of Amur like virus in Apodemus peninsulae and its molecular characteristics in China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To confirm the existence of Amur-like viruses in Apodemus peninsulae in China, and to understand the molecular characteristics of these viruses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total RNA was extracted from lungs of A. peninsulae captured in Jilin of Northeast China with Trizol reagent. Complete S and partial M segments of Amur virus were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses on multiple nucleotide sequences were performed with the Clustal method and DNASTAR software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>383 bp cDNA of M segment and 1696 bp of S segment of Amur like virus were recovered from lung tissue of A. peninsulae, named JilinAP06. The full-length of its S gene comprised of 1696 nucleotides with ORF including 1287 nucleotides and encoding a protein which comprised 429 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis of this sample with other hantaviruses revealed that the complete S and partial M segment sequence of JilinAP06 both were closely related to those Amur viruses such as AP63, AP61, AP1371 and AP1168 found in A. peninsulae from Far East region of Russia and B78 strain, Liu strain and H5 strain, which were all from Chinese patients. The complete S and partial M segment sequence of JilinAP06 had only 81.0% identities with the nucleotide sequences of HV prototype 76-118 strain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Amur-like viruses did exist in A. peninsulae from Northeasern China while A. peninsulae might be the natural reservoir of Amur-like viruses in China and was the important infectious source to HFRS patients which were caused by Amur-like viruses.</p>