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Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (mMCAI) is a critically ill neurological disease, which often leads to the rapid deterioration of neurological function, resulting in consciousness disturbance and even death. Therefore, early identification and judgment of mMCAI to determine the need for lateral craniectomy decompression is essential to improve the survival rate of patients. With the development of neuroimaging technology, some CT and MRI parameters have been able to predict mMCAI. This article reviews the predictive value of CT and MR related parameters to mMCAI.
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Objective To observe the evolution of astrocytes,GDNF,BDNF and Jak-STAT signal pathway after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.Methods Spinal cord ischemia was induced by means of balloon occlusion of the infrarenal aorta for 22 minutes in 54 male New Zealand white rabbits.We assigned rabbits to 9 groups (n =6),one sham group,eight operation groups.The operation process in the sham group was the same as the operation group except the ischemia reperfusion of the spinal cord.At 0 h,1 h,2 h,3 h,8 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after reperfusion,animals were sarcrificed and the spinal cord was removed for histologic,immunohistochemical study and western blotting.Results Normal neurons were decreased with the extension of reperfusion time.Levels of GFAP increased at 3 h and reached a peak at 48 h after reperfusion.GDNF was increased reaching two peaks after injury,the first peak was at 3 h,the second was at 72 h.BDNF level was increased and peaked at 24 h after reperfusion.The expression of p-STAT3 showed a biphasic pattern which peaked at 1h and 48 h.GFAP,GDNF,BDNF were rare and the level of p-STAT3 could be neglected in sham group.Conclusion Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury could induce the activation of astrocytes,the expression of GDNF,BDNF and the activation of JakSTAT signal pathway.They showed different expression rules in this study.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of azithromycin in combination with simvastatin in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension
Methods: Eighty-six patients who developed COPD and pulmonary arterial hypertension and received treatment from August 2013 to October 2014 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using random number table, 43 in each group. Patients in the control group were orally administrated 20 mg of simvastatin, once a day. Patients in the observation group took 0.25g of azithromycin enteric-coated tablets, once a day, besides simvastatin. The treatment course of both groups was six months. Blood gas analysis indexes, forced expiratory volume in first second [FEV1], six minutes walking distance, dyspnea grade and blood lipid parameter were recorded and compared between the two groups
Results: Arterial partial pressure of oxygen [PaO2 ] and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PaCO2 ] of the observation group were [68.13+/-3.03] mmHg and [45.08+/-2.27] mmHg after treatment, respectively. In the control group, the values were [60.01+/-4.72] mmHg and [38.93+/-1.61] mmHg, respectively. The improvement amplitude of the observation group was superior to that of the control group [P<0.05]. FEV1, forced vital capacity [FVC] and 6-minutes walking distance of the observation group were [1.08+/-0.11] L, [2.1+/-0.2] L and [380.34 +/- 31.28] m respectively after treatment, superior to the control group [[0.93+/-0.09] L, [1.7+/-0.1] L] and [302.79+/-29.74] m, and the difference had statistical significance [P<0.05]. The levels of peripheral systolic blood pressure [PSBP] and peripheral diastolic blood pressure [PDBP] of patients in the observation group were both lower than those of the control group, and the difference had statistical significance [P<0.05]
Conclusion: Azithromycin in combination with simvastatin has definite effect in the treatment of COPD in combination with pulmonary arterial hypertension as it can significantly relieve ventilation disturbance, improve lung function, and decrease pulmonary arterial pressure. Hence it is worth clinical promotion
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Objective The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between DKK1 protein expression and lymph node invasion,and prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods From January 2005 to December 2012,78 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were treated with endoscopic resection.Tissue microarray of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and adjacent tissues were done and biochemical indexes were measured before operation.The patients were recruited every 3 months after operation.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the recurrence-free survival curve and the overall survival curve.The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the multivariate analysis and to determine the factors that affect the disease-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS).Results There were significant differences in the expression of GGT,hepatic portal lymph node invasion,Child-Pugh grade,MMP9 and DKK1 protein in the negative and positive expression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(P ＜ 0.05).The positive expression rate of DKK1 protein in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was 35.90％ (28/78),and the positive expression rate of DKK1 protein in hilar cholangiocarcinoma was 14.10％ (11/78).RFS and OS in 78 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were 51.28％ (40/78) and 50.00％ (38/78),41.03 ％ (32/78) and 38.46％ (30/ 78),25.64％ (20/78) and 23.08％ (18/78) after surgery for 1,3 and 5 years,respectively.The results from univariate and multivariate analysis showed that GGT,CA19-9,CEA,tumor size,DKK1 and hilar lymph node invasion were the prognostic factors of OS in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.CEA,tumor size,DKK1 and hilar lymph node involvement were prognostic factors for RFS in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.DKK1 protein expression positive and negative OS curve or RFS curve showed that 5 years after intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients DKK1 protein expression positive and negative OS were 28.20％ and 20.51％;RFS were 24.36％ and 21.79％.Conclusion The expression of DKK1 protein is closely related to lymph node invasion in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.The expression of DKK1 protein is the prognostic factor of OS and RFS in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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The immune system is a complex system involving multiple organs,and it is vulnerable to age,gender,environment and other factors.For a variation normal physiological range,it is a great challenge to evaluate drug-induced immunotoxicity in preclinical safety study.Histomorphologic assessment of the immune system is a recognized cornerstone in the identification of immunotoxicity at present.In this paper,the principles of pathological evaluation for immune system,and pathological evaluation for important immune organs including thymus,spleen,lymph nodes are discussed briefly,so that it is intended to assist toxicity pathologists in the accurate and consistent characterization of intended and unintended drug-induced alterations of the immune system.
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Objective: To observe the activation of microglia and the changing rule of inflammatory cytokine as IL-6, IL-10 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in experimental rabbits after spinal cord ischemia reperfusion (SCIR) injury in order to provide theoretical basis for post-conditioning time. Methods: Rabbit SCIR injury model was established by thoracic aorta balloon occlusion. 54 New Zealand male adult white rabbits were divided into 9 groups: Sham group (the animals received balloon implantation without occlusion), SCIR-0h group (reperfusion was conducted at 0 hour of spinal cord ischemia), SCIR-1h, -2h, -3h, -8h, -24h,-48h and -72h groups. n=6 in each group. The number of normal and apoptosis neurons, the levels of Iba-1, IL-6, IL-10 and NF-κB in spinal tissue were examined and compared among different groups respectively. Results: The number of normal neuron was decreasing with the extended reperfusion time, TUNEL-positive neuron began to increasing in SCIR-8h group and the peak was reached in SCIR-24h group. The expression of Iba-1 began to elevating in SCIR-2h group and the peak was obtained in SCIR-8h group; NF-κB began to rising in SCIR-3h group and the peak was observed in SCIR-8h group; both IL-6 and IL-10 arrived the peak in SCIR-24h group. The expressions of NF-κB, IL-6 and IL-10 were positively related to Iba-1 level. Conclusion: Microglia activation had dynamic changes in experimental SCIR rabbits and the expression levels of NF-κB, IL-6 and IL-10 were positively to microglia activation; post-conditioning time at front and back to microglia activation may reduce neuron injury.
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Objective To explore the curative effect and relative nursing care key points of Nd∶YAG laser assisting the drug treatment for patients with recurrent oral ulcer.Methods Toally 82 patients with recurrent oral ulcer treated in our department were selected and alternately divided into experiment group (41 cases) and control group (41 cases) according to the initial visiting sequence with same gender.The control group used the conventional drug treatment.On the basis of conventional drug treatment,the experiment group additionally used the Nd∶YAG laser radiation therapy.The curative effects of both groups were evaluated after relative treatment for 4 days.Results The total effective rates of curative effects of two groups had significantly statistical differences (P＜0.001).The total effective rate of the experiment group was,significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusions Nd∶YAG laser assisting the drug treatment for the patients with recurrent oral ulcer can significantly increase the total effective rate.The correct nursing services throughout the operative process are the important guarantee of good curative effect.
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Toxicological pathology is a morphological elucidatet ion of tissue damage caused by drug toxicity,including damage type,location,severity grade and prognosis.It provides objective and accurate data to support preclinical drug safety evaluation.Therefore,toxicological pathology plays an important role in drug safety evaluation,and the pathologic data or conclusion often determines the termination or continuation in many drug development projects.In this paper,the characteristic of toxicological pathology,standardized management,the development of new techniques including in situ hybridization,laser scanning cytometry and laser capture microdissection,and related problems in pathology are discussed briefly.
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Objective To investigate the relationships between the parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)DWI at 3.0 Tesla and T staging of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of rectum.Methods Clinical data and MRI findings including con-ventional imaging and IVIM-DWI were collected in a total of 37 patients with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of rectum proven by pathology.The patients were divided into two groups without (staging T1 and T2)or with myometrial invasion (T3 and T4).The D,D? ,f and ADC values of rectal cancer and normal rectal wall were measured and were compared between the lesion and normal rectal wall,between both groups and among different T stages.The relationships of the parameters of IVIM-DWI and ADC values with the T staging of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of rectum were analyzed.Results The D,D? ,f and ADC val-ues of rectal cancer were lower than those of normal rectal wall with statistical differences in D,f and ADC values (P <0.05).The differences in D and D? values among different T stages were statistically significant,and LSD Duncan test showed that the differ-ence in D? value between T1 and T4 (P =0.01 7)and between T3 and T4 (P =0.003)and in D value between T2 and T3 (P =0.005) were statistically significant.The D,f,D? and ADC values of noninvasion group and invasion one were (0.93±0.1 6)×10 -3 mm2/s versus (0.77±0.1 9)×10 -3 mm2/s,(27.1±2.94)% versus (24.6 ±4.13)%,(12.6±2.44)×10 -3 mm2/s versus (12.3±3.49)× 10 -3 mm2/s,and (0.95±0.09)×10 -3 mm2/s versus (0.87 ±0.12)×10 -3 mm2/s respectively,and the difference in D value was statistically significant (t=2.5 12,P =0.01 7).Conclusion The parameters of IVIM-DWI and the ADC values are different in rectal cancer and normal rectal wall,and the D value may help to identify the tumor invasion into the muscularis propria.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the relatioaship between the changes in perioperative plasma vasopressin (VP) and angiotensin Ⅱ ( Ang Ⅱ ) concentrations and outcome in patients undergoing off-pump coronary attery bypass grafting (OPCABG).MethodsFifty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients (NYHA Ⅰ -Ⅲ ) of both sexes,aged 45-79yr,undergoing OPCABG,were enrolled in this study.Blood samples were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1,baseline),before skin incision (T2),at 10 and 30 min after skin incision (T3,T4 ),10 min after protamine injection (T5),end of operation (T6 ) and 24 h after operation (T7).Based on the intraoperative plasma VP concentrations,the patients were divided into high level group ( n =26) and low level group ( n =24) by hierarchical clustering analysis.The risk factors for perioperative lower plasma VP concentration were determined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsPlasma VP concentrations were significantly lower,while plasma Ang Ⅱ concentrations were significantly higher at T2-6 in the low level group than in the high level group.The incidence of vasoplegia (high cardiac output and low peripheral resistance) was significantly higher,the intra- and post-operative use of vasodilator was less,the tracheal extubation time,ICU stay and post-operative hospital stay were longer,and preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in low level group than in high level group.Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative low LVEF was a risk factor for intraoperative low plasma VP concentration and OR was 1.122.Conclusion Plasma VP and Ang Ⅱ concentrations demonstrate an opposite trend of change during OPCABG.The incidence of vasoplegic syndrome is significantly higher and the outcome poor in low plasma VP group.Preoperative low LVEF is a risk factor for development of low plasma VP during OPCABG.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood lead level of 3 - 5 year old children living in the cities in China and to provide scientific data for making policy on environmental lead pollution for children health protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six thousand five hundred and two vein blood samples from 3 - 5 year old children in nineteen cities of nine provinces were sampled. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed to determine lead level in whole blood after microwave digestion for sample preparation and questionnaire survey was also performed. Data were analyzed with multiple regression on factors which affecting blood lead levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Results showed that mean blood lead level was 88.3 micro g/L for 3 - 5 year old children living in the cities in China and mean blood lead level of boys (91.1 micro g/L) was higher than that of girls (87.3 micro g/L). Twenty-nine point nine one per cent of the children's blood lead level exceeded 100 micro g/L. The research finding showed: (1) higher blood lead levels had negative effects on children's physical growth, language ability etc. (2) behavior of parents had certain effects on children's blood lead levels. (3) blood lead levels of children were affected by unhealthy habits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Problem of childhood lead poisoning in China has become more serious. During the past ten years, blood lead levels of children has been increased in China while decreasing in developed countries. Blood lead levels of children in China are higher than that of developed countries, which called for special concern by government and society.</p>
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Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , China , Environmental Pollutants , Blood , Lead , Blood , Mass Spectrometry , Sex Factors , Urban Health , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Objective To explore an efficient treatment for bladder outlet obstruction caused by small benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). Methods From January 1996 to January 2005,69 patients with BPH were surgically treated.Of these patients,27 cases underwent open surgery,22 transurethral resection of prostate(TURP) and 20 TURP plus transurethral incision of bladder neck(TUIBN).There were no significant differences between the 3 groups in age,disease course,preoperative prostate weight and the excised prostate weight.The efficacy of open surgery,TRUP and TURP plus TUIBN were comparatively evaluated by international prostate symptom score(IPSS),peak urinary flow rate(Qmax),post void residual drine volume(PVR) and postoperative complications.Results After operation,the mean score of IPSS of patients which treated with open surgery decreased from(24.6+3.8) to(15.1?3.8),and the Qmax increased from(8.2?3.1)ml/s to(10.5?4.2)ml/s,and the PVR decreased from(96.0?36.0)ml to(54.0?27.0)ml.The IPSS of TURP group decreased from(22.3?5.6) to(11.7?2.7),and the Qmax increased from(8.5?3.6)ml/s to(11.4?4.2)ml/s,and the PVR decreased from(105.0?39.0)ml/s to(32.0?14.0)ml/s.The IPSS of the TURP plus TUIBN group decreased from(23.6?5.7) to(6.4?2.3),and the Qmax increased from(9.1?3.8)ml/s to(19.5?6.2) ml/s,and the PVR decreased from(98.0?37.0)ml to(8.0?5.0)ml.There were significant differences between the TURP plus TUIBN group and the other two groups in the IPSS,Qmax and PVR(P
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Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method for the determination of active components,sodium ascorbic phosphate,?-arbutin,hydroquinone,niacinamide,brillian-280 and phenol,in the whitening and Freckle-removing cosmetics.Methods Whitening and freckle-removing active components were separated on a C8 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)by using triethanolamine solution(11.15g triethanolamine dissolved in 1 L water,pH=7.7 adjusted with 1.75 ml H3PO4)+methanol=70+30 as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min,using diode array detector(DAD)with the detection wavelengh of 273 nm and the column temperature of 25℃.Results The coefficient of variation was less than 4.7% and the recovery rates were 87.3%-112.9%.Conclusion The method introduced in this paper is simple,rapid,accurate and is suitable for the analysis of various cosmetic samples.
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Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of phthalates in cosmetics. Methods 10 kinds of phthalates were separated on a C18 column using methanol-water as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, 25℃ column temperature and 280 nm detection wave. Results The detection limit of 10 kinds of phthalates were 0.1-7 mg/L. The precision was less than 3.95% and recovery rates varied from 98.59% to 108.07%. Conclusion The experimental results show that the method is simple, precise and accurate and suitable to simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of phthalates in cosmetics.