Bibliometric analysis of a leadership indicator system in the medical field / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of research on the construction of leadership indicator system in the medical field at home and abroad, and to analyze the characteristics of the indicator system therein.Methods:This was a bibliometric study. The group applied subject keywords to search relevant literature on the construction of leadership indicator system in the medical field at home and abroad on English websites PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus and Chinese websites Baidu Academic, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, with a time frame of 2016-2023. The basic characteristics of the literature, the theoretical framework of the research application and the research theme were extracted, and the content of the indicator system in the literature was reviewed and summarized.Results:A total of 21 literatures were included, including 7 Chinese literatures and 14 English literatures. Of these literatures, 10 focused on physician leadership, 5 on medical manager leadership, and 2 on general practitioner leadership. Among 16 research literatures, 9 informed the theoretical basis of leadership, and 4 literatures were applied research. Five main themes were identified: leadership studies of individual healthcare administrators, leadership development in healthcare, interest and attitudes of healthcare workers towards leadership learning, applications of leadership in healthcare, and the impact of leadership in healthcare on patients and healthcare organizations.Conclusions:At present, research on the construction of the leadership indicator system in the medical field presents is diverse, with differences in theoretical basis and content. The original and empirical research is still insufficient.

Study on Clinical Medicine Thought of the Zhejiang School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor ZHU Danxi in Phlegm Syndrome / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the clinical experience of ZHU Danxi,a doctor of Zhejiang school of traditional Chinese medicine,on the diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-related diseases.[Methods]By means of literature research and data mining,the treatment database of ZHU Danxi in phlegm syndrome was constructed,and his clinical thoughts were summarized from the aspects of pathogenic factors,pathogenesis,treatment and prescriptions.[Results]According to ZHU Danxi,the pathogenesis of phlegm syndrome was mainly related to stagnation of Qi activity,the etiology was related to external contraction of six excesses,internal injury of seven emotions,improper diet.Phlegm syndrome was divided into hot phlegm,wet phlegm,food phlegm,cold phlegm,wind phlegm,old phlegm,etc.ZHU Danxi determined the different treatment principles such as clearing heat and resolving phlegm,drying dampness and resolving phlegm,resolving phlegm to remove stagnancy,warming and resolving cold-phlegm,dispelling wind and resolving phlegm,moistening dryness and resolving phlegm and so on.Phlegm wss easy to knot with stasis,so it was commonly used to remove phlegm and remove stasis.According to the site of the phlegm syndrome,ZHU Danxi used different herbs and methods of vomiting and purging,treating both symptoms and root causes,starting from the spleen,lung and liver meridian,and basing on Erchen Decoction.ZHU Danxi used phlegm-eliminating herbs,spleen strengthening herbs,Qi-regulating herbs and heat-clearing herbs.[Conclusion]ZHU Danxi's experience in treatment of phlegm related diseases is fully effective,and the principles,methods,and prescriptions for preventing and treating phlegm syndrome can provide more ideas for clinical practice.

Literature analysis of ADR after the listing of apatinib / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics and regulations of adverse drug reactions （ADR） caused by apatinib， and to provide a reference for the safe use of apatinib in clinic. METHODS Case and group reports on ADR and safety evaluation of apatinib were retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI， Wanfang medical network， VIP and PubMed since its listing in 2014， literature data were extracted and statistically analyzed after screening. RESULTS Totally 101 cases were included， involving 221 ADR. In the above cases， the male-to-female ratio was 1.24∶1， with the highest proportion of patients aged 51 to 70 years， most of the patients were given a dose of 500 mg or more， and the patients given low dose of apatinib combined with other antitumor drugs were also likely to have ADR. One to two types of adverse reaction were the most common， while the types could reach up to six. Most ADR occurred within 30 days after medication， and the systems/organs involved were mainly the cardiovascular system damage，skin and its accessories damage， gastrointestinal system damage and urinary system damage； the main clinical manifestations were hypertension/aggravation，hand-foot syndrome，abdominal pain diarrhea and albuminuria， etc. Hypertension/aggravation， hand-foot syndrome and myelosuppression were the most common serious ADR. Most ADR could be improved/cured by suspension of administration， dose downregulation and symptomatic treatment. All 4 patients who died had underlying diseases， and their ECOG scores all ≥2 points. Special ADR （such as reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome， psychiatric disorders， and cognitive impairment） were mostly caused by apatinib itself， or may be caused by apatinib in combination with the primary or underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age， large dose， combination medication， underlying diseases and poor physical condition might be the high risks for ADR caused by apatinib. It is recommended to monitor the blood pressure，urine protein and skin of hands and feet of all patients with medication on a daily basis，pay attention to the occurrence of special ADR， and timely detect abnormal states and give effective intervention，so as to avoid the aggravation of ADR and other secondary ADR.

Literature analysis of lung toxicity related to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for rational use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 （CDK4/6） inhibitors. METHODS Retrieved from Web of Science， PubMed， SpringerLink， CNKI， Wanfang Data and VIP database， and so on， the literature about lung toxicity related to CDK4/6 inhibitors were collected and analyzed statistically with Excel 2013 software. RESULTS A total of 12 literature which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included； 13 patients were involved， among which 3 cases were from the United States， 3 from Japan， 2 from India， and 1 from Israel， Spain， France， Australia and Saudi Arabia respectively； all patients were female， aged between 43-89 years， of whom 8 were treated with palbocicilib， 3 with abemacilib， and 2 with ribociclib. The lung toxicity of patients after medication occurred from 1 week to 15 months； the majority of patients were hospitalized with the symptom such as difficulty breathing， chest tightness， shortness of breath， dry cough， etc. The lung toxicity mainly manifested as interstitial lung disease， eosinophilic pneumonia， mediastinal and pulmonary granulomatous reaction， drug-induced pneumonia， diffuse alveolar damage， organizing pneumonia and so on. The shortest treatment duration was 3 weeks， and the longest was 6 months. The treatment measures included drug withdrawal， intravenous use of antibiotics， intravenous use of systemic steroids， oxygen inhalation， and so on； after treatment， 8 patients improved or recovered， and 5 patients died due to deterioration. One patient developed lung toxicity again after reuse of such drugs and must stop drugs permanently. CONCLUSIONS Lung toxicity related to CDK4/6 inhibitors possibly cause mortality. It is necessary to make early judgment， stop the drug in time， and give patients systemic steroids， oxygen inhalation and other treatment measures as soon as possible.

Research on Influencing Factors of Drug Clinical Trial Risks in China Based on Literature Analysis / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To sort out the influencing factors of drug clinical trial risks and improve the risk management level of drug clinical trials in China. 【Methods:】 The literature analysis method was used to sort out the literature related to the risk management of drug clinical trials in China, and the text analysis method was used to summarize and refine the influencing factors of drug clinical trial risks. 【Results:】 The risk categories of drug clinical trials were divided into 5 parts, namely drug clinical trial institution management, ethics committee management, clinical trial designs, researchers, and subjects, involving 13 main risk influencing factors and 21 specific risk points. 【Conclusion:】 By strengthening the construction of drug clinical trial institutions and ethical management capabilities, optimizing research protocol design, enhancing researchers’ awareness and ability, and establishing a subject management system to improve the quality of drug clinical trials.

Literature analysis of atypical fractures associated with denosumab / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics and regularity of denosumab-associated atypical fractures （AF）， so as to provide references for clinical rational use of drugs. METHODS The case reports of AF related to denosumab were retrieved from PubMed， Web of Science， CNKI， Wanfang data and VIP databases， and the reports were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS A total of 19 references were retrieved， including 20 patients. There were 3 males and 17 females， with an average age of （69.80± 15.39） years. Among 20 patients， primary diseases of 14 patients were osteoporosis， and 6 cases were malignant tumor bone metastasis and giant cell tumor of bone. The occurrence time of AF ranged from 3 to 132 months after the administration of denosumab， with an average of （42.14±29.49） months. Fourteen cases had prodromal symptoms before AF. There were 3 cases of ulna fractures， and the remaining 17 cases were femoral fractures. The vast majority of patients recovered well after discontinuing medication and undergoing surgical fixation， but some patients experienced delayed fracture healing. CONCLUSIONS Long-term use of denosumab should be vigilant against AF. When patients experience prodromal symptoms such as thigh， groin， hip joint and forearm pain， they should seek medical attention in a timely manner to ensure medication safety.

Literature analysis of compatible stability of commonly used intravenous drugs in ICU / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the compatible stability of commonly used intravenous drugs in the intensive care units （ICU）， and to provide a reference for improving medication safety in clinic. METHODS The commonly used intravenous drugs in the ICU of Hebei General Hospital were investigated and confirmed in April 1-30， 2022， and used as keywords to retrieve the relevant literature about compatible stability from PubMed， CNKI， Wanfang Data and other databases， and manually filtered with Micromedex database at the same time. Then， the compatible stability results of the included literature were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Totally 32 commonly used intravenous drugs and 39 mixed infusion combinations were collected from ICU of this hospital. A total of 40 studies were included， only 2 studies followed all quality requirements； 18 studies validated their methods to guarantee correct reproducibility； 33 studies evaluated physical stability， including precipitate formation and pH changes； 32 studies evaluated chemical compatibility， mainly content/concentration changes. A total of 666 possible two-drug combinations were obtained from the included literature， of which 254 combinations of stability data were available， including 176 were stable， 68 were unstable， and 10 were contradictory. Totally 412 combinations had no stability results. Among two-drug combinations in ICU of this hospital， 42 combinations were stable， 14 combinations were unstable， and 2 combinations were contradictory. CONCLUSIONS The pH， solvent， excipients and preparation concentration are the factors that affect the stability. There are drug combinations with unstable compatibility of commonly used intravenous drugs in ICU of this hospital. The stability study methods are limited， and the stability data cannot meet the actual clinical needs.

Literature analysis of ocular adverse drug reactions related to dupilumab / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical manifestation and characteristics of ocular adverse drug reaction （ADR） related to dupilumab， so as to provide reference for clinically safe drug use. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang data， VIP and PubMed databases， the case reports about ocular ADR caused by dupilumab were collected， and then analyzed statistically in terms of gender， age， primary disease， drug use， occurrence time of ADR， main clinical manifestations， treatment or outcome， etc. RESULTS A total of 20 pieces of literature were selected， involving 46 patients， among which there were 29 males and 17 females. Mainly patients were under 60 years old. The results of the association evaluation was given as follows： 13 were “very likely” and 33 were “likely”. All patients were treated with dupilumab for atopic dermatitis （AD） without off-label medication. The occurrence time of ADR was 2 weeks to 2 years after administration， mainly within 6 months after medication. All patients received dupilumab monotherapy except that 3 patients with hypertension and 1 patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and human immunodeficiency virus received other drugs simultaneously. Twenty-eight patients had a history of allergic disease， and 11 patients had a history of eye disease. Ocular ADRs were mainly conjunctivitis and uveitis， and the clinical manifestations mainly included conjunctival congestion， swelling， eye secretions， etc. Ten patients developed severe ADR， including uveitis， severe conjunctivitis， and tear point stenosis； 45 patients were improved after symptomatic treatment. AD， serious initial symptoms of AD， allergic disease and underlying ocular diseases might be the high-risk factors of ocular ADR caused by dupilumab. CONCLUSIONS Whether the patient has the history of allergic diseases and basic eye diseases should be asked in detail before clinical use of dupilumab. When using the drug， attention should be paid to monitoring whether the patient has intraocular inflammation， be alert to the occurrence of new or serious ADR， and give timely symptomatic treatment to ensure the safety of drug use.

Evaluation and Analysis of Modeling Methods for Animal Models with Diminished Ovarian Reserve / 实验动物与比较医学

ObjectiveTo analysis the modeling characteristics of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) animal models, and provide the reference for the standardization of DOR animal models.MethodsThe research articles on DOR animal models were retrieved. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used to summarize the experimental animal species, modeling methods, modeling cycles, high-frequency detection indexes and types of positive drugs documented in the literature, and the data results were evaluated and analyzed by NoteExpress software.ResultsA total of 93 research articles on DOR that met the criteria were enrolled. And it was found that, SD rat was the most frequently used animal type (68 times, 73.12%), followed by C57BL/6 mouse (13 times, 13.98%), while the tripterygium wilfordii treatment was the most frequently used modeling method (38 times, 40.86%), followed by the cyclophosphamide treatment (28 times, 30.11%) for DOR animal models. The high frequency detection indicators were vaginal exfoliation cytology detection (93 times, 23.97%) and HE staining to observe histopathological changes (72 times, 18.56%). Among these 64 research articles containing positive control drugs, the most frequently used western drug was estrogen (50 times,62.50%) and Chinese Traditional medicine was Kuntai capsules (2 times, 2.50%).ConclusionsSD rats are mostly used to induce modeling in animal experiments on DOR through tripterygium wilfordii and cyclophosphamide, which can effectively improve the experimental efficiency. It is recommended to integrate the results of ovarian histopathology and serum biochemical indexes for model assessment.

Distribution characteristics of special types of diabetes mellitus in Chinese population: A literature-based analysis from 2011 to 2021 / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To analyze the distribution characteristics of special types of diabetes in China, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of special types of diabetes.Methods:Pubmed, CNKI, and WanFang Data were searched for the case reports and clinical studies of special types of diabetes in China from 2011 to 2021. After independent literature screening by 2 researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, diseases and the number of corresponding cases included were extracted for statistics. The etiological composition and disease characteristics of three subtypes of special type diabetes were analyzed.Results:A total of 613 articles(7 377 patients)were included and roughly divided into eight subtypes of special type diabetes according to etiological classification for disease composition analysis. The results by ratio in descending order were as follows: mono-genetic gene defects in islet β-cell function, pancreatogenic diabetes, diabetes induced by drugs or chemicals, endocrine disease, mono-genetic gene defects in insulin action, other genetic syndromes associated with diabetes, infection, and uncommon immune-mediated diabetes. The disease composition of the three subtypes of special types of diabetes that we focused on were mono-genetic gene defects in islet β-cell function(50.21%), pancreatogenic diabetes(35.65%), and mono-genetic gene defects in insulin action(1.56%). The composition analysis of the special types of diabetes in each subtype showed that neonatal diabetes mellitus(NDM, n=1 749, 23.71%)and maturity onset diabetes in young(MODY, n=1 554, 21.07%)accounted for the largest proportions. According to the composition analysis of each subtype of MODY patients, the top three subtypes were MODY2(50.89%), MODY3(16.03%), and MODYX(8.91%). In addition, taking MODY as an example, patients with de novo mutations(DNMs)and(or)new mutation sites were summarized and analyzed. The results revealed 31 MODY patients with DNMs(1.99%) and 339 MODY patients with new mutation sites(21.81%). Conclusions:According to the literature analysis, NDM and MODY represent the largest proportion of patients with special type diabetes in China. MODY2 patients make up the largest proportion of MODY patients. In addition, diabetic patients carrying DNMs and(or)new mutation sites should be taken seriously.

Pharmaceutical care for one case of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction by the participation of clinical pharmacists and literature analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment for a case of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction， and adjudged the relationship of levofloxacin with hypersensitivity reaction according to relative standards. Retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang database， PubMed and Embase， relevant literature about levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction was collected and analyzed. RESULTS Clinical pharmacists suggested checking the patient’s previous medication and allergy history based on symptoms such as fever and systemic rash， and determined that the drug hypersensitivity was “likely” or “highly likely” to be associated with levofloxacin. Clinicians provided symptomatic treatment to the patient based on the judgment of clinical pharmacists， and the patient improved after treatment. Results of the literature analysis showed that among 31 involved patients， there were 23 males and 8 females； 18 patients aged 50 and above； the incubation period of 24 patients was within 4 days after medication. The main adverse drug reactions were drug hypersensitivity syndrome， fixed drug eruption， erythema multiforme， etc. Most patients were improved after withdrawal and symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hypersensitivity reaction is the rare adverse drug reaction of levofloxacin， mostly occurring within 2.5 h to 4 days after administration， and it is more likely to occur in middle-aged and elderly patients. Before clinical use， patients should be asked about their drug allergy history in detail； when patients experience fever or rash without obvious causes， medication should be stopped promptly and symptomatic treatment should be taken to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the patients’ medication.

A bibliometric analysis of the status quo of research on professional identity of male nursing students in China / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Based on the bibliometric analysis method, review the relevant literature published in 2007-2019, analyze the status and development trend of the professional identity research of male nursing students in China, with a view to fostering the professional identity of male nursing students in my country and related research and career development in the future for reference.Methods:The relevant literature on male nursing students′ professional identity research in our country in domestic and foreign databases including Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Web of Science and PubMed from the establishment of database to December 31, 2019 were retrieved using bibliometric methods, respectively, and the annual distribution, journal source, author and institution distribution, and research type statistically were analyzed.Results:A total of 66 articles were included, which were published in 43 journals. Among them, "Health Vocational Education" had the largest number of articles (9.52% (6/63). Since the publication of the first article in 2007, the research on male nursing students′ professional identity had gradually increased in the past 13 years. The average annual publication volume was 5.08 ± 3.31, and the ratio of detected documents rose from 3.0%(2/66) in 2007 to 19.7%(13/66) in 2019; the province with the largest number of publications was Guangdong 12.12%(8/66); most of the research types were cross-sectional studies. There were few cohort studies or intervention studies.Conclusions:With the development of the nursing profession, the cultivation of professional identity of nursing students has more important significance for the stable development of the industry. Domestic scholars have gradually increased the professional identity research of male nursing students, but overall, the research strength was scattered and the research content was single. The research area is relatively narrow. It is recommended to increase relevant research to provide scientific basis for the training of male nursing talents in my country.

Literature Study and Suggestions on the Development Situation of Online Drugstores in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To p rovide policy suggestions for the development and supervision of online drugstores in China. METHODS：By literature review ，the relevant literatures and policy documents about the development of online drugstores were searched，screened and sorted out to summarize the development process of China ’s internet drug trading mode and policy ，analyze the development status of China ’s online drugstores ；on the basis of the development experience of some developed countries ，the suggestions were put forward for China ’s relevant policies. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：China’s medical e-commerce started relatively late ，and the policies related to online drug trading were basically released during last 20 years. The number of online drugstores showed a growing trend. The online drugstores were geographically allocated widely but unevenly. They sold many varieties，and policies on selling prescription medicines were gradually liberalized. These online drugstores provided diverse payment and delivery choices ，but their pharmaceutical service needed to be improved. The development models of online drugstores in the United Kingdom ，the United States and Germany could be referred. According to the current situation of online drugstores in China ， combined with the development mode and operation strategy in foreign countries ，it is suggested to improve relevant laws and regulations，and strengthen legal support ；strengthen the government supervision to ensure drug safety ；use the industrial power to standardize medicine operation behavior ；set up the third part trading platform to promote medical insurance payment.

Literature Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Alectinib / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To explore the regularity and characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR）induced by alectinib ， and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS ：Retrieved from CNKI ，Wanfang database ，VIP，PubMed， Web of Science and Embase database during the inception to Mar. 1st，2021，case reports of alectinib-induced ADR were collected ， summarized and analyzed with descriptive statistical analysis method in terms of general information ，occurrence time of ADR ， involved organ/system ，clinical manifestations ，treatment and outcome ，etc. RESULTS ：A total of 17 literatures were included ， involving 17 patients. Among them ，4 cases（23.53％）were males ，and 13 cases（76.47％）were females. The mean age of the patients was （61.82±14.18）years old. The patients were from 5 countries/regions，among which America took the largest ratio （41.18％）. Most ADR occurred within 30 days（52.94％）after therapy. ADR mainly involved skin and its appendants （35.29％）， followed by respiratory system （23.53％），urinary system （11.76％），cardiovascular system （11.76％），gastrointestinal system （11.76％）and blood system （5.87％）；hair loss ，pancreatitis and duodenal perforation belonged to ADRs not recorded in the drug instructions. After 17 patients suffered from ADR ，2 patients still continued to use aletinib ，while 15 patients withdrew aletinib and some patients received symptomatic and supportive treatment ，and their symptoms improved. Among them ，10 patients restarted aletinib treatment after their symptoms improved ，and 8 patients did not suffered from ADR again. CONCLUSIONS ：Female patients and patients over 50 years old are more likely to suffer from ADR after using aletinib ，and most of ADR occur within 1 month after treatment. ADR involves many organs/systems ，mainly skin and its appendants. Special attention should be paid to ADR such as hair loss ，pancreatitis and duodenal perforation.

Global centennial research and the internationalization of acupuncture and moxibustion: in the perspective of SCI database (1921-2020) / 中国针灸

The paper retrieves and analyzes SCI articles on acupuncture-moxibustion published in the world from 1921 to 2020. It is found that the overall growth of SCI articles on acupuncture-moxibustion in both China and global countries is increasing, and the proportion of publication amount in China is increased gradually. It is believed that the articles on acupuncture-moxibustion researches from 1921 to 2020 in the world collected in SCI database indicate three stages, i.e. scattered publication, internationalization and great contribution on acupuncture-moxibustion in TCM. The paper investigates the first SCI article on acupuncture-moxibustion in the world and in China respectively and analyzes the main disciplines, research institutions and journal distribution, as well as the highly cited articles in the global countries. It is proposed that acupuncture-moxibustion research in China should reflect the academic ideological characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion in TCM, develop the interdisciplinary research and deepen the cooperation with high-level scientific institutions so as to improve the international academic influence of acupuncture-moxibustion in TCM.

Differential analysis of different study types in clinical safety evaluation of Xuebijing Injection / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze and compare the differences of different clinical study types currently published in the safety evaluation of Xuebijing Injection. Six databases, namely the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database, were electronically retrieved to collect all types of studies on the safety of Xuebijing Injection, including randomized controlled trials, case-controlled studies, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and centralized monitoring studies of clinical safety(hospital), in order to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the safety of Xuebijing Injection, and analyze the differences of different research results. A total of 211 literatures were included, involving a total of 46 384 patients treated with Xuebijing Injection, and 423 adverse reactions(ADRs) occurred. They included 191 randomized controlled trials, 3 cohort studies, 15 systematic reviews, and 2 centralized monitoring studies of clinical safety(hospital), and the incidence of adverse reactions was 2.54%(common), 2.31%(common), 0.95%(occasionally), and 0.50%(occasionally). More than half of the 423 cases of ADRs occurred in skin and adnexal system(151 cases) and gastrointestinal system(65 cases), including such manifestations as rash, skin itching, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea. The degree of ADRs was mild. Randomized controlled trials showed that the incidence of ADR was the highest when Xuebijing Injection was used for malignant tumor and multiple organ failure. And the systematic evaluation showed that the incidence of ADR was the highest when Xuebijing Injection was used for spontaneous peritonitis of liver cirrhosis. In conclusion, different study types could lead to significant differences in the results of drug safety evaluation. Sample size, study type, and quality control are the main factors for biased results. Due to large sample size and high-quality, centralized monitoring studies become the better clinical safety evaluation model of drugs at present, and full life cycle management could more objectively reflect drug safety and guide clinical rational drug use.

Literature-based analysis of conversion of components in fermentation process of Sojae Semen Praeparatum / 中国中药杂志

Based on the systematic retrieval and the reported components of Sojae Semen Nigrum and Sojae Semen Praeparatum, this study conducted in-depth analysis of conversion of components in the fermentation process, and discussed types and possible mec-hanisms of conversion of chemical components, so as to provide the basis for studying technology, medicinal ingredients and quality standards. According to the analysis, there is a certain degree of conversion of nutrients(like protein, sugar, lipid), bioactive substances(like isoflavones, saponins, γ-aminobutyric acid) and other substances(like nucleosides, melanoids, biamines, etc) in the process of fermentation.

Clinical features of serotonin syndrome in China:a retrospective analysis of 41 case reports / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective　 To explore the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment status of serotonin syndrome (SS) in China by analyzing the case report of serotonin syndrome.Methods　We studied all case report of serotonin syndrome by database retrieval.The clinical features,treatment and outcome were analyzed statistically.Results　A total of 41 patients with serotonin syndrome were collected,the most common clinical features were the increase of blood pressure or heart rate (97.6%),sweating (92.7%),tremor (80.5%),Secondly were myoclonus or myotonia (73.2%),fever (58.6%),agitation or delirium (61%),and disturbance of consciousness (58.5%).Conclusion　Selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors are still the most common drugs leading to serotonin syndrome.The most common features were autonomic nervous system disorders,followed by neuromuscular symptoms,mental or consciousness changes.At present,the prevention and diagnosis of serotonin syndrome have not been given enough attention in our country.Early detection and early intervention have a positive effect on reducing the clinical adverse outcome.

Systematic evaluation on PD-1 monoclonal antibody in the treatment of malignant tumor after solid organ transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody on the treatment of malignant tumor after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Methods The relevant literatures in 7 databases were searched. The data on 54 cases of recipients with malignant tumors treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody after SOT were collected, and the clinical effects and rejection of SOT recipients treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody were analyzed. Results Total 32 acceptable articles including 54 SOT recipients were incorporated, including 43 males and 11 females aged 14-79 years old. There are 29 renal transplant recipients, 19 liver transplant recipients and 6 heart transplant recipients. The types of PD-1 monoclonal antibody agent used by SOT recipients included pembrolizumab for 28 patients and nivolumab for 26 patients. The overall remission rate, disease progression rate and fatality rate of PD-1 monoclonal antibody for postoperative malignant tumors of SOT recipients were 32% (17/54), 44% (24/54) and 36% (19/54), respectively. After treatment with PD-1 monoclonal antibody for postoperative malignant tumors of SOT recipients, the incidence of rejection was 39% (21/54), indicating no significant correlation between rejection and type of PD-1 monoclonal antibody (P > 0.05). Conclusions PD-1 monoclonal antibody can effectively treat postoperative malignant tumors of SOT recipients, and may induce rejection during the treatment. But rejection is not the most common cause for death of recipients.

Evaluation of the Application Status Quo of Blockchain Technology in China ’s Pharmaceutical Field / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate t he c urrent status of the application of blockchain technology in China ’s pharmaceutical field，and to provide direction and decision support for its wide application and development in the domestic pharmaceutical field. METHODS：Retrieved from Embase ，PubMed，Cochrane library ，CBM，CNKI，VIP and Wanfang databases during the inception of databases to Sept. 30th，2019，the studies on application status of blockchain technology in China ’s pharmaceutical field were collected；descriptive analysis was conducted for research type ，publication time ，main research fields and existing problems. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：A total of 60 literatures were included ，and all of them were Chinese literatures. Among them ，38 literatures were reviews ，19 were original researches ，2 were dissertation ，1 was conference paper. The publication time range was from 2016 to 2019. The application of blockchain technology in the main pharmaceutical fields is to promote the sharing of electronic medical record data ，personal health data ，clinical research data and genomic data ；the traceable path is mainly provided in medical insurance audits ，drug quality traceability and anti-counterfeiting ，medical devices and medical supplies traceability. These applications are still in the preliminary theoretical verification or trial stage. At present ，there are still some limitations or problems in the relevant policies and application standards ，data storage space and processing ，data privacy and security ，and professionals in China ’s pharmaceutical field. However ，it has high application value and potential in medical data sharing ， reducing treatment costs ， improving medical claim system ， strengthening medical management and optimizing medical decision-making.