Ingesta de calcio y densidad mineral ósea en adolescentes chilenos con desarrollo puberal completo

Introducción: La cantidad diaria recomendada (RDA) de calcio en adolescentes es de 1.300 mg/día. La última Encuesta Nacional de Consumo Alimentario de Chile, mostró que la mediana de ingesta total de calcio fue menos de la mitad de la RDA. Una ingesta insuficiente de calcio puede impactar negativamente la mineralización ósea. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la ingesta de calcio y estado nutricional sobre la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de adolescentes con desarrollo puberal completo. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Participaron n= 79 adolescentes de ambos sexos de entre 17 y 18 años elegidos al azar, aparentemente sanos, estadio Tanner 5 e IMC-1 DE). Según estado nutricional, no hubo diferencias significativas en la ingesta de nutrientes, pero sí en la DMO. En media, la DMO estandarizada (puntaje Z) fue normal para ambos sexos (>-1 DE); los adolescentes con obesidad presentaron una DMO estandarizada significativamente mayor que los adolescentes de peso normal (1,05±0,85 vs 0.33±0,86; P= 0,04). La ingesta de calcio no se relacionó con la masa ósea total ni con la DMO estandarizada. Conclusión: En adolescentes con desarrollo puberal completo no hubo relación entre la ingesta de calcio y los niveles de mineralización ósea. Sí hubo relación entre mineralización ósea y estado nutricional, siendo mayor la DMO en los individuos con obesidad.

Background: In adolescents, the recommended daily intake (RDI) of calcium is 1,300 mg. In Chile, the latest National Survey of Food Consumption showed that the median total calcium intake was less than half of the RDI. An adequate intake of calcium in adolescence negatively affects BMD. Aim: To determine the association of calcium intake and nutritional status with bone mineral density (BMD) in male and female adolescents with completed pubertal development (Tanner 5). Methods: Cross-sectional study in a random sample of 79 male and female adolescents, ages 17-18. Participants were healthy, Tanner stage 5, and BMI −1 SD. BMD was higher in obese participants compared to normal-weight adolescents (1.05±0.85 vs 0.33±0.86; P= 0.04), although no differences in nutrients and food intake. Calcium intake was unrelated to total bone mass and unstandardized BMD. Conclusions: In our sample of adolescents with complete pubertal development, there was no relationship between calcium intake and bone mineralization levels. There was a significant relationship between bone mineralization and nutritional status, with BMD being higher in adolescents with obesity.

Analysis of the number of beds required in trauma intensive care unit in the branch campus of a tertiary hospital in Beijing / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:Severe trauma events are emergent, with low incidence and unpredictable. Current guideline does not provide precise recommendations on how the trauma centers should arrange the number of beds in trauma intensive care units while making rational use of medical resources. We analyzed the trauma intensive care unit bed requirement in the branch campus of our hospital to propose a reasonable assessment.Methods:Patients with severe trauma sent to the Intensive Care Unit of Peking University People's Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022 were collected. The daily number of patients received intensive care was counted. The bed requirement of the intensive care unit covering 99% of clinical needs was calculated based on the probability distribution function.Results:From January 2022 to June 2022, 103 patients with severe trauma [74 males and 29 females, aged (51.47±16.06) years, ranging 16 to 87 years] were included in the study. Among the 103 patients, 57 were injured in traffic accidents, 26 fell from a high altitude, 12 fell, 4 were hit by heavy objects, and 4 were stabbed. TISS ranged from 16 to 50. The range of the daily bed requirement in the intensive care unit was 0–10, which was consistent with the Poisson distribution. According to the probability distribution function, nine trauma intensive care beds could meet 99.19% of clinical needs.Conclusions:In severe traumatic events, patients need to be transferred to intensive care unit as soon as possible. For our branch campus, nine trauma intensive care beds can cover more than 99% of clinical needs. It follows that, in accordance with the basic requirements of trauma center construction, hospitals with trauma centers need at least 9 beds in intensive care units. However, traumatic events cannot be predicted; thus, the bed requirement needs to be regularly evaluated.

Avaliação do consumo alimentar de pacientes queimados internados em um hospital público do Distrito Federal / Evaluation of food consumption of burn patients admitted to a public hospital in the Federal District

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o consumo alimentar dos pacientes queimados hospitalizados no processo de cicatrização. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, com coleta de dados prospectivos. A coleta ocorreu no Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN), no período de março de 2022 a maio de 2022, com 113 dias alimentares de 24 pacientes hospitalizados. A coleta de dados foi realizada com ficha pré-estabelecida (número de prontuário, sexo, faixa etária, percentual de área queimada e tipo de queimadura). Para calcular as necessidades nutricionais, foi utilizada a equação de Toronto. A análise dos dados coletados aconteceu a partir do software Avanutri PC, sendo uma análise quantitativa dos macronutrientes (proteína, lipídios e carboidratos) e micronutrientes (zinco, vitamina C, vitamina A, vitamina E e selênio). RESULTADOS: Os recordatórios alimentares foram calculados com e sem suplementação. Nos dias com suplementação a adequação calórica aumentou, sendo que a maioria, 39,8%, conseguiu atingir mais de100% das recomendações e 29,2% conseguiu permanecer dentro de 75-100% das necessidades energéticas diária e todas as vitaminas e minerais também aumentaram sua adequação, sendo vitamina A antes da suplementação 406,1mg e após a suplementação 531,4mg, vitamina C antes 462,2mg e 626,4mg após, vitamina E 8,3mg antes e 31,2mg após, zinco 11,8mcg antes e após 18,7mcg e selênio 54,4mg antes e 99,5mg após a suplementação. CONCLUSÕES: A nutrição desempenha um papel muito importante na recuperação de pacientes queimados, contribuindo para a cicatrização de feridas, prevenção de infecções, manutenção do peso corporal e minimização de complicações. É essencial que esses pacientes recebam suplementação adequada para auxiliar seu processo de cicatrização.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the food consumption of hospitalized burn patients in the healing process. METHODS: Cross-sectional, quantitative study, with prospective data collection. The collection took place at the Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN), from March 2022 to May 2022, with 113 days of eating from 24 hospitalized patients. Data collection was carried out using a pre-established form (medical record number, sex, age group, percentage of burned area and type of burn). To calculate nutritional needs, the Toronto equation was used. The analysis of the collected data took place using the Avanutri PC Software, being a quantitative analysis of macronutrients (protein, lipids and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (zinc, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E and selenium). RESULTS: Dietary recalls were calculated with and without supplementation, on days with supplementation caloric adequacy increased, with the majority, 39.8%, managing to achieve more than100% of recommendations and 29.2% managing to remain within 75-100% of daily energy needs and all vitamins and minerals also increased their adequacy, with vitamin A before supplementation 406.1mg and after supplementation 531.4mg, vitamin C before 462.2mg and 626.4mg after, vitamin E 8.3mg before and 31.2mg after, zinc 11.8mcg before and after 18.7mcg and selenium 54.4mg before and 99.5mg after supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition plays a very important role in the recovery of burn patients, contributing to wound healing, preventing infections, maintaining body weight and minimizing complications. It is essential that these patients receive adequate supplementation to aid their healing process.

Assessment of zinc inadequacy among tribal adolescent population of central India - A cross-sectional study

Background & objectives: Zinc is a crucial micronutrient in adolescence, required for promoting growth and sexual maturation. Adolescents of some tribes may be at high risk of zinc deficiency due to dietary inadequacy and poor bioavailability of zinc from plant-based diets. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of zinc deficiency by estimating prevalence of inadequate zinc intake, prevalence of low serum zinc and stunting among tribal adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted among adolescents (10-19 yr) in three purposively selected districts where Bhil, Korku and Gond tribes were in majority. Structured data collection instrument comprising information about sociodemographic characteristics and dietary recall data was used. Anthropometric assessment was conducted by standardized weighing scales and anthropometry tapes, and blood sample was collected from antecubital vein into trace element-free vacutainers. Serum zinc was estimated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A total of 2310 households were approached for participation in the study, of which 2224 households having 5151 adolescents participated. Out of these enlisted adolescents, 4673 responded to dietary recall (90.7% response rate). Anthropometry of 2437 participants was carried out, and serum zinc was analyzed in 844 adolescents. The overall prevalence of dietary zinc inadequacy was 42.6 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI) 41.2 to 44.1] with reference to the estimated average requirement suggested by International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) and 64.8 per cent (95% CI 63.4 to 66.2) with Indian Council of Medical Research-recommended requirements. Stunting was observed in 29 per cent (95% CI 27.2 to 30.8) participants. According to IZiNCG cut-offs, low serum zinc was detected in 57.5 per cent (95% CI 54.1 to 60.8) of adolescents, whereas it was 34.4 per cent (95% CI: 31.2-37.5) according to the national level cut-off. Interpretation & conclusions: Risk of dietary zinc inadequacy and low serum zinc concentration amongst adolescents of the Gond, Bhil and Korku tribes is a public health concern.

Are short course corticosteroids as effective as longer course in determining days of oxygen requirement and hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19 disease?

Background: In past 2 years, COVID-19 pandemic has affected the health care system adversely. World statistics showed a huge rise in the incidence of this highly infectious disease. Abnormal and unregulated immune response was found to be the key deciding factor for the outcome of this disease. A lot of studies showed a promising role of corticosteroids as immunosuppressant agents. They reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease. However, steroid therapy comes with a huge concern in form of their adverse effects, especially on prolonged use. Optimum duration of steroid therapy is not standardized. Aim and Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine days of oxygen requirement and duration of hospital stay in patients receiving short course steroid vis-à-vis long course steroid therapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in tertiary care teaching hospital after prior permission of the Institutional Ethics Committee. All patients diagnosed as having moderate COVID-19 illness with age group of 18–80 years with minimum 03 days of 6 mg dexamethasone or other equivalent steroid administration were included in the study. Patients who were living with HIV/AIDS, cancer, hepatic and renal illness, ischemic and other valvular diseases, and chronic pulmonary diseases affecting oxygenation status were excluded from the study. A total of 203 study participants were enrolled during study period (68 in short course while 135 in long course steroid group). Data were enrolled in predesigned structured and validated case record form. Results: Short course steroid therapy was found more frequent in <60 years of age. Mean and SD of days of oxygen administration were (4.36 vs. 8.88) and (2.15 vs. 3.43) in short course and long course steroid therapy, respectively. Oxygen requirement for ?7 days was in (10, 7.41%) patients and (45, 66.18%) patients in short course steroid group and long course steroid group, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of duration of hospital stay were (6.64, 2.87) and (11.9, 4.03) in short course and long course steroid group, respectively. Hospital stay for more than 9 days was (20, 14.81%) and (47, 69.12%) in short course and long course steroid group, respectively. Conclusion: A positive association was found between duration of hospital stay and long course steroid therapy and was statistically significant. Similarly, a positive association between days of oxygen requirement and long course steroid therapy was found and again it was statistically significant. The study findings indicated that short course steroid therapy was found to be more effective in treatment outcome of COVID-19 illness as far as the duration of hospital stay and oxygen administration parameters are concerned.

The Effect of Intravenous Ketamine After Spinal Anesthesia on the Duration of Postoperative Analgesia and Analgesic Requirement

Objective: To evaluate the impact of ketamine following spinal anesthesia on the duration of postoperative analgesia and the need for analgesics. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study done over a period of two years. A total of 60 participants undergoing elective surgeries under spinal anesthesia were randomized into two groups. After 10 min of spinal anesthesia and achieving the required level of sensory and motor blockade, both groups were given Inj. Midazolam 1 mg intravenously, followed by Inj. Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg, volume made up to 10 mL with normal saline, given intravenously for Group K and Inj. Normal Saline 10 mL was given intravenously for Group N. Hemodynamic monitoring was done intraoperatively, and the postoperative visual analog score (VAS), sedation score, the mean time for the first rescue analgesia, and the total dose of postoperative analgesic required in 24 h were tabulated. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of age, weight, ASA grade, and duration of surgery. In Group K, the VAS scores were significantly lower and patients were comfortable when compared to Group N (P value <.01). The mean time to first rescue analgesia was longer in Group K (6.4 ± 1.69 h) when compared to Group N (2.9 ± 1.01 h), and the total dose of postoperative analgesia (Tramadol) required in 24 h was also significantly less in Group K (143.33 ± 56.83 mg) when compared to Group N (236 ± 49.01 mg). Changes in hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP)) were statistically and clinically not significant in both the intraoperative and postoperative periods between the groups. Conclusion: Patients in Group K were more comfortable, had a longer duration of postoperative analgesia, and required less dose of rescue analgesia in the postoperative period. Ketamine is a safe drug that is readily available, and it decreases the use of opioids and opioid-related side effects. Therefore, ketamine can serve effectively as an adjunctive analgesic drug.

Tumor cell and microvessel densities during the growth of a brain tumor: A theoretical study

Mathematical model for the tumor growth incorporating energy supply and requirement, angiogenesis efficiency and effect of elasticity of adjacent normal tissue to understand tumor biology and predict saturation status is rare to find. This study is conducted to address these issues. We propose mathematical expressions to explain alterations of tumor cell density (nT), microvessel density (MVD), and growth rate(r) during the development of brain tumors. We assume that nT increases during the growth of the tumor due to the increase of external pressure from the initial cell density (nT0); nT0 is same as the external normal tissue. The rate of increase in tumor cells (dNT/dt) depends on the rate of energy available for the creation of new cells and the energy required for a single cell division(?). Due to the increase of tumor cell density, hypoxia is developed, which up-regulates the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and new capillaries are generated. Therefore, the surface area density of capillaries (Acs) in tumors increases. Hence, we consider that Acs(t) ? nT(t). A modified logistic equation is developed. Temporal variations of nT(t), Acs(t), r(t) and tumor cell population ‘NT(t)’ are examined. The expressions of saturated cell density(nTM), saturated microvessel surface area density (AcsM) and tumor saturation time(Ts) are formulated. An important feature, tumor saturation factor ‘fTS’ is determined. When fTS<1, a tumor will saturate at Ts, and nTM depends solely on fTS.

Is A Journal indexed? Here's How to Find it

Quality of the journal is very important while selecting a journal for publication. One of the criteria is to check indexing status of the journal in good manuscript indexing databases. This article describes simple method to check indexing status of any journal on the internet. Author can use this method to check in-dexing status of the journal before submission of their article.

Curriculum reform of Higher Medical Education based on education outcome: learning outcome framework and competency requirements / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The establishment of outcome-based or competency-based education is an important feature of today's curriculum plans. This paper reviews the development and application of outcome-based education (OBE) in medical education. Based on the concept of OBE, the curriculum framework system of Higher Medical Education is reformed and optimized, and the frameworks of course learning outcome, curriculum teaching theme and curriculum competency are redesigned and determined. Outcome-based curriculum reform reflects the requirements of global healthcare education for medical talents in the new era. Driven by the learning outcomes of postgraduates, the curriculum reform focuses on cultivating the postgraduates' recognition, understanding, analysis and research of the phenomena and problem-solving abilities in medical education by providing courses with different teaching topics, clear learning objectives and requirements. The systematic improvement of teaching quality is helpful to further promote the scientific research of medical education and the cultivation of professional talents in medical education management.

Study on the content of family doctor health service packages in functional communities / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveBased on a demand survey， to put forward the idea of family doctor service health service packages for people in functional communities， and provide suggestions for the implementation of family doctor health service in such communities. MethodsThrough the stratified cluster sampling survey of a science and innovation bearing functional community， combined with literature research， current situation survey， case analysis and interviews， this paper proposes the service content of the service packages. ResultsOn the basis of demand survey， the mode of "specified action + optional action" should be adopted. Community health service center should first provide basic service， and then expand their services in diagnosis， treatment， and health management in line with local demand， and provide optional multi-level health service packages for scientific and innovative functional community residents， which should be divided into basic health service， value-added health service and high-end health service. ConclusionSorting out the content of health service packages of family doctor service in functional communities can provide the basis for further improving the allocation of medical service resources， further optimizing the design of the financing and compensation mechanism， and further standardizing the contract service of family doctors.

High-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1-related cerebral small vessel disease / 中华神经科杂志

The high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) gene mutation results in cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy and autosomal dominant cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). This article described the definition, clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging manifestations, genetic and pathological examinations and treatment plans of HTRA1 related CSVD and highlighted the distinction between HTRA1 related CSVD and other inherited disorders with white matter involvement, and proposed a diagnostic pathway for timely recognition of HTRA1 related CSVD in a routine clinical environment. Ultimately, in addition to the conventional treatment of CSVD, effective targeted treatment methods still need to be established.

To evaluate analgesic efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in pectoral nerve block: A prospective randomized control study.

Background: Pectoral nerve (Pecs) block is an effective component of multimodal analgesic regimens for breast surgeries. In present study we compared analgesic effect of dexamethasone 8 mg as an adjuvant to 0.25% ropivacaine versus 0.25% ropivacaine alone in pectoral nerve block. Methods: The study was conducted in a randomized manner on 60 female patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I and II, aged between 18 to 65 years, scheduled to undergo modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia (GA). The patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 30 patients each. Group A received ultrasound (US)-guided Pecs block with 30 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine and 10 ml normal saline (total volume 40 ml) and Group B received with 30 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine and 8 mg dexamethasone in and 10 ml normal saline (total volume 40 ml). Post-operatively visual analogue score (VAS), duration of analgesia and total analgesic consumption was noted. Student t-test, Mann Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: VAS were persistently low for first 4 hours in group B and for first 9 hours in group A (p value < 0.001 at some intervals). The mean duration of analgesia was prolonged in group B as compared to group A (612.33 ± 41.77 min in Group B and 307.70 ± 22.37min in group A) (p <0.001). Total analgesic consumption in first 24 hours post-operatively was also statistically lower in Group B (97.50± 34.96 mg) as compared to group A (177.50± 36.76) (p<0.001). No patient under study reported any adverse effects. Conclusion: Addition of 8 mg dexamethasone as adjuvant to 0.25% ropivacaine for pectoral nerve block increases the duration of analgesia and significantly reduces the amount of analgesic requirement in first 24 hours postoperatively without any significant adverse effects.

Metabolizable energy levels in diets with a fixed nutrient: calorie ratio for free-range broilers / Níveis de energia metabolizável com manutenção da relação nutriente: caloria em dietas para frangos de corte tipo caipira

The present study proposes to examine the effect of dietary levels of metabolizable energy, under a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, on the production performance; body fat and protein deposition; and carcass characteristics of free-range broilers from 1 to 84 days of age. Nine hundred unsexed chicks were allocated to six treatments in a completely randomized design with six replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of diets with varying levels of metabolizable energy (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 Kcal ME/kg of diet) and a fixed proportion of nutrients relative to the energy level according to the nutritional requirements for each rearing phase. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, production viability, metabolizable energy intake, protein intake, lysine intake, body fat deposition, body protein deposition and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and, later, to regression analysis. Increasing levels of metabolizable energy, coupled with a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, reduced feed intake, increased body weight and weight gain, improved feed conversion and did not affect carcass characteristics. In conclusion, adjusting the nutrient supply according to the dietary energy level improves production performance by improving feed conversion, ensuring adequate nutrient intake and preserving fat and protein deposition in the carcass when the metabolizable energy level is raised up to 3200 Kcal/kg in all rearing stages.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os níveis de energia metabolizável, sob uma relação nutriente:caloria fixa, no desempenho produtivo; deposição de gordura e proteína corporal e características de carcaça de frangos de corte tipo caipiras. Foram utilizados novecentos pintainhos não sexados, distribuidos em seis tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições de 25 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 e 3200 Kcal EM / kg de dieta) e uma proporção fixa de nutrientes em relação ao nível de energia de acordo com as necessidades nutricionais de cada fase de criação. Foram avaliados o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, viabilidade criatória, consumo de energia metabolizável, consumo de proteína, consumo de lisina, deposição de gordura corporal, deposição de proteína corporal e características de carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e posteriormente à análise de regressão. O aumento dos níveis de energia metabolizável juntamente com a manutenção da relação nutriente:caloria reduziu o consumo de ração, aumentou o peso corporal e o ganho de peso, melhorou a conversão alimentar e não afetou as características da carcaça. Em conclusão, o ajuste da oferta de nutrientes de acordo com o nível de energia da dieta melhora o desempenho da produção, melhorando a conversão alimentar, garantindo a ingestão adequada de nutrientes e preservando a deposição de gordura e proteína na carcaça quando o nível de energia metabolizável é elevado até 3200 Kcal/kg em todas as fases de criação.(AU)

Results of determination of salidroside content in roots and rhizomes of cultivated and natural Rhodiola rosea L / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#Rhodiola rosea L. (R.rosea) is a popular plant in traditional medicine of the Nordic countries, Eastern Europe, and Asia. R.rosea plants are successfully cultivated in Mongolia. The Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants under the “Monos” Group started to cultivate R. rosea since May 2015. @*Objective@#The aim of this research was to study the salidroside contents of R.rosea collected from Zavkhan and Khuvsgul province, Mongolia, and cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Drug research Institute, Monos group.@*Material and Methods@#The underground parts of wild roseroot plants were collected from April to May 2020 from Jargalant soum, Khuvsgul province, and Nomrog soum, Zavkhan province, 3-years and 4-years-old cultivated R.rosea gathered from the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants in April 2020. For comparison, 4-year-old Rhodiola grenulata (R. grenulata) was ordered from Shanxi Zhendong Genuine Medicinal Materials Development Co., Ltd, China, and used for the study. The quantity of the salidroside constituents of the underground parts were compared and the sourcing of roseroot raw material was evaluated. Chemical analysis of roots and rhizome of R. Rosea namely the appearance, identification, moisture, organic impurities, mineral impurities, residue on ignition, water-soluble extractives, fresh weight of roots, and salidroside content were determined according to the National Pharmacopoeia of Mongolia (NPhM) 2011. Microbiological analysis was performed in accordance with the requirements of grade 3b specified in Annex 1 of the Order No. A / 219 of the Minister of Health dated May 30, 2017 to determine the degree of microbiological purity in medicinal products of roots and rhizome raw materials.@*Result@#The content of salidroside, the main biologically active substance of R.rosea plant, was 1.57% in samples collected from Zavkhan province, 1.45% in samples collected from Khuvsgul province, 1.7% in samples grown in China and 0.25% for 3-years-old samples and 1.89% for 4-years-old samples grown in the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Monos group, Mongolia. In addition, these raw materials meet the general requirements for plant raw materials and microbiological parameters.@*Conclusion@#Samples of underground parts of R.rosea cultivated for 4 years in the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants have the highest content (1.89%) of the salidrosde. Therefore, it is suggested that the roots and rhizomes of R.rosea planted in the future can be standardized and used as a raw materials for medicines.

Growth and macronutrient absorption in 'Sabará' jabuticaba genotypes cultivated in nutrient solution / Crescimento e marcha de absorção de macronutrientes em genótipos de jabuticaba 'Sabará' cultivados em solução nutritiva

The knowledge about growth and nutrient accumulation can help improve fertilizer efficiency in the production of jabuticaba seedlings, which is still carried out in an empirical way. This study aimed at determining the growth and macronutrient uptake in 'Sabará' jabuticaba genotypes grown in nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in split plots, with four replications. In the main plots three jabuticaba genotypes (J001, J005 and J012) were cultivated in nutrient solution and six evaluation periods (at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days) in the sub-plots were evaluated. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, leaf area index and dry matter (root, stem and leaves) in each period were evaluated. The accumulation of macronutrients in different plant organs was determined, as well as the accumulation of nutrients as a function of time adjusted to the linear model. The results showed that the cultivation in nutrient solution was efficient in the production of Sabará jabuticabeira seedlings. There was no difference in macronutrient growth and absorption among jabuticaba genotypes grown in nutrient solution. 'Sabará' jabuticaba plants accumulated (in mg plant-1) 559 of N, 45 of P, 443 of K, 363 of Ca, 59 of Mg and 82 of S. The distribution of macronutrient accumulations in jabuticaba showed the following order: leaves > stem > roots.

O conhecimento sobre o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes poderá contribuir para a melhoria da eficiência da adubação na produção de mudas de jabuticabeira, que ainda é realizada de forma empírica. Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar o crescimento e a marcha de absorção de macronutrientes em genótipos de jabuticabeira Sabará cultivados em solução nutritiva. O experimento conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas principais, foram utilizados três genótipos de jabuticabeira (J001, J002 e J003) e, nas subparcelas, foram avaliados seis períodos de avaliação (aos 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias). Avaliou-se altura das plantas, comprimento das raízes, diâmetro do caule, índice de área foliar e matéria seca (raiz, caule, folhas) em cada período. Foi determinado o acúmulo de macronutrientes nos diferentes órgãos das plantas, bem como, o acúmulo de nutrientes em função do tempo ajustado ao modelo linear. Os resultados demonstraram que o cultivo em solução nutritiva foi eficiente na produção de mudas de jabuticabeira Sabará. Não houve diferença no crescimento e absorção de macronutrientes entre os genótipos de jabuticaba cultivados em solução nutritiva. As plantas de jabuticaba 'Sabará' acumularam (em mg planta-1) 559 de N, 45 de P, 443 de K, 363 de Ca, 59 de Mg e 82 de S. A distribuição das acumulações de macronutrientes na jabuticaba mostrou a seguinte ordem: folhas > caule> raízes.

Exigência de lisina digestível de frangos de corte machos de 22 a 42 dias de idade / Digestible lysine levels of male broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a exigência de lisina digestível para frangos de corte machos sob as características de desempenho, composição corporal e rendimento de carcaça dos animais, de 22 a 42 dias de idade. As dietas diferiram quanto aos níveis de lisina digestível, mantendo-se a relação dos demais aminoácidos com a lisina. Foram utilizados seis níveis de lisina digestível: 0,88%; 0,96%; 1,05%; 1,13%; 1,22%; e 1,30%. Distribuídos em 36 unidades experimentais de 36 aves cada, 1296 animais da linhagem Cobb - 500® tiveram as seguintes características de desempenho avaliadas: consumo de ração (CR), peso corporal (PC), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA), viabilidade criatória (VC) e índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP). Aos 42 dias de idade, foram selecionadas ao acaso cinco aves para avaliação do rendimento de carcaça, e duas para avaliação da composição corporal. A CA, o IEP e o rendimento de peito foram influenciados, sendo sua exigência de 1,30%, sugerindo que níveis maiores de lisina digestível que as recomendações utilizadas como base neste estudo (1,13%) trouxeram benefícios aos animais sobre essas características.(AU)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the optimal levels of digestible lysine in the diet of male broilers, evaluating performance characteristics, body composition, and carcass yield of the animals in the final phase (22 to 42 days old). The diets differed in digestible lysine content, maintaining the relation among the other amino acids and lysine in accordance with the ideal protein concept. The six levels of digestible lysine in the diet were: 0.88%; 0.96%; 1.05%; 1.13%; 1.22%, and 1.30%. A total of 1296 animals were employed, distributed in 36 experimental units of 36 birds each. The determined performance characteristics corresponded to feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC), viability (VB), and productive efficiency index (PEI). At 42 days of age seven birds per experimental unit were selected at random, five for the estimation of yield and total carcass and commercial cut weight, and two for the evaluation of body composition. FC, animal breast yield and PEI weres influenced with requirements of 1.30%. With respect to nationally known recommendations regarding digestible lysine (1.13%), higher levels of the amino acid in the diet have brought benefits regarding the characteristics above.(AU)

Recommendation of an ideal mixed fluid preparation to be used as partial parenteral nutrition in surgical Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: This study was conducted to assess the role of Partial Parenteral Nutrition (PPN) and a specially prepared 'mixed fluid formula' used as PPN in sick surgical neonates.Methods: This single institution based Randomised Control Trial was performed in Surgical NICU of a tertiary care Centre. Surgical neonates who required bowel rest for >3 days like Esophageal Atresia (22), Duodenal Atresia (38), Jejuno-Ileal Atresia (50), Necrotising Enterocolitis (29) and others (11), were chosen. As a CONTROL population half (75) neonates were allowed maintenance fluid only (Isolyte P) and rest (75) were given a combination of maintenance fluid (Isolyte P) and PPN (specially prepared mixed fluid). This mixed fluid each 100 ml was prepared with 65ml Isolyte P, 15 ml 25% Dextrose, 10 ml Normal Saline, 7 ml Astymin 3, 2 ml Multivitamin and 1 ml Injection KCl. Fluid was continued till enteral feeding was established.Results: Neonates according to their body weight were divided in three groups <1 kg (50), 1-2.5 kg (71) and >2.5 kg (29) and their post-operative outcome was assessed as Clinical Positive/Negative and Laboratory Positive/Negative. Results were separately assessed in 3 body weight groups under 'Control' and 'Study' which showed both Clinical and Biochemical improvement in 'Study group'.Conclusions: The composition of mixed fluid, its nutritional value, calorie supplementation, compatible osmolarity for peripheral venous administration and most importantly its easy and cost-effective preparation were assessed thoroughly and we recommend this 'mixed fluid' preparation as a very useful PPN for sick surgical neonates.

Balance energético y estado nutricional en niños preescolares, Huanchaco, Trujillo, Perú, 2014 / Energy balance and nutritional state in preschool children, Huanchaco, Trujillo, Perú, 2014

Introducción: El balance energético equilibrado en el organismo humano permite mantener un estado nutricional y de salud adecuado, ingestas excesivas o por defecto modifican la homeostasis y producen enfermedades. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre balance energético y estado nutricional en niños de instituciones educativas del distrito de Huanchaco, departamento La Libertad, Perú. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal en 203 niños de 3 a 5 años en el periodo abril-junio 2014. Se evaluó el estado nutricional con los índices talla/edad, peso/edad, peso/talla usando estándares de crecimiento infantil de la Organización Mundial de la Salud 2006. El balance energético se midió con la adecuación de energía ingerida respecto a su requerimiento energético estimado, expresado en porcentaje. Se aplicó la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia de 5 por ciento. Resultados: Los índices para evaluar el estado nutricional fueron predominante normales. El balance energético para niños y niñas de 3 años fue 123,75 ± 46,97 por ciento y 125,82 ± 13,01 por ciento de su requerimiento respectivamente; en niños y niñas de 4 años fue de 109,90 ± 23,17 por ciento y 104,69 ± 20,96 por ciento, respectivamente y finalmente en niños de 5 años fue 105,15 ± 24,97 por ciento y en las niñas un balance energético negativo de 86,39 ± 11,99 por ciento. Existe asociación altamente significativa (p < 0,01) entre estado nutricional y balance energético. Conclusiones: El balance energético con tendencia positiva predispone hacia la obesidad para los índices peso/talla y peso/edad y el equilibrado o positivo condicionan un estado nutricional normal según talla/edad(AU)

Introduction: The balanced energy state in the human body allows maintaining a nutritional and health status; excessive or small intakes of food modify the homeostasis and produce diseases. Objective: To determine the association between energy balance and nutritional state in children from educational institutions of Huanchaco District, La Libertad, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out in 203 children from 3 to 5 years old in the period from April to June 2014. It was assessed the nutritional state with the indexes height/age, weight/age, weight/height using child growth standards of the World Health Organization 2006. The energy balance was measured with the adequacy of energy intake in relation to their estimated energy requirement, expressed as a percentage. Chi-square statistical test was applied with a significance level of 5 percent . Results: The indexes to assess the nutritional state were predominantly normal. The energy balance for boys and girls of 3 years old was 123.75 ± 46.97 percent and 125.82 ± 13.01 percent of their requirement respectively; in children of 4 years old it was 109.90 ± 23.17 percent and 104.69 ± 20.96 percent, respectively; and finally in 5 years old boys it was 105.15 ± 24.97 percent and in girls a negative energy balance of 86.39 ± 11.99 percent. There is a highly significant association (p< 0.01) between the nutritional state and the energy balance. Conclusions: The energy balance with positive trend predisposes toward obesity for the indexes weight/height and weight/age, and the balanced or positive condition to a normal nutritional state according to height/age(AU)

Balance energético y estado nutricional en niños preescolares, Huanchaco, Trujillo, Perú, 2014 / Energy balance and nutritional state in preschool children, Huanchaco, Trujillo, Perú, 2014

RESUMEN Introducción: El balance energético equilibrado en el organismo humano permite mantener un estado nutricional y de salud adecuado, ingestas excesivas o por defecto modifican la homeostasis y producen enfermedades. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre balance energético y estado nutricional en niños de instituciones educativas del distrito de Huanchaco, departamento La Libertad, Perú. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal en 203 niños de 3 a 5 años en el periodo abril-junio 2014. Se evaluó el estado nutricional con los índices talla/edad, peso/edad, peso/talla usando estándares de crecimiento infantil de la Organización Mundial de la Salud 2006. El balance energético se midió con la adecuación de energía ingerida respecto a su requerimiento energético estimado, expresado en porcentaje. Se aplicó la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia de 5 %. Resultados: Los índices para evaluar el estado nutricional fueron predominante normales. El balance energético para niños y niñas de 3 años fue 123,75 ± 46,97 % y 125,82 ± 13,01 % de su requerimiento respectivamente; en niños y niñas de 4 años fue de 109,90 ± 23,17 % y 104,69 ± 20,96 %, respectivamente y finalmente en niños de 5 años fue 105,15 ± 24,97 % y en las niñas un balance energético negativo de 86,39 ± 11,99 %. Existe asociación altamente significativa (p < 0,01) entre estado nutricional y balance energético. Conclusiones: El balance energético con tendencia positiva predispone hacia la obesidad para los índices peso/talla y peso/edad y el equilibrado o positivo condicionan un estado nutricional normal según talla/edad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The balanced energy state in the human body allows maintaining a nutritional and health status; excessive or small intakes of food modify the homeostasis and produce diseases. Objective: To determine the association between energy balance and nutritional state in children from educational institutions of Huanchaco District, La Libertad, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out in 203 children from 3 to 5 years old in the period from April to June 2014. It was assessed the nutritional state with the indexes height/age, weight/age, weight/height using child growth standards of the World Health Organization 2006. The energy balance was measured with the adequacy of energy intake in relation to their estimated energy requirement, expressed as a percentage. Chi-square statistical test was applied with a significance level of 5 %. Results: The indexes to assess the nutritional state were predominantly normal. The energy balance for boys and girls of 3 years old was 123.75 ± 46.97% and 125.82 ± 13.01 % of their requirement respectively; in children of 4 years old it was 109.90 ± 23.17% and 104.69 ± 20.96 %, respectively; and finally in 5 years old boys it was 105.15 ± 24.97 % and in girls a negative energy balance of 86.39 ± 11.99 %. There is a highly significant association (p< 0.01) between the nutritional state and the energy balance. Conclusions: The energy balance with positive trend predisposes toward obesity for the indexes weight/height and weight/age, and the balanced or positive condition to a normal nutritional state according to height/age.

Integrated nutrient management and formulation of fertilizer prescription equation for recommendation of fertilizers for potato on alluvial soils of eastern India

Aim: To develop economically viable integrated fertilizer prescription equation for recommendation of fertilizers in potato on alluvial soils of Eastern India.Methodology: Soil test crop response (STCR) experiments on potato were conducted in alluvial soils of Eastern India during 2016-17 to assess the relationship between yield and availability of plant nutrients for developing fertilizer prescriptions of desired yield targets. The decision on optimum fertilizer doses for varying yield targets were made on the basis of crop nutrient requirement per quintal of potato production, soil efficiency, fertilizer efficiency, and FYM efficiency computed from field experimental data. The optimum fertilizer doses for different yield targets were validated in farmers’ field for economic and environmental benefits as compared to general recommended doses of fertilizers and farmers’ practice. Results: Targeted yield equation for potato for alluvial soil of Eastern India was developed based on soil test values, nutrient requirement and contribution of NPK from soil and fertilizer sources as well as FYM. The prescription based fertilizer application along with FYM increased tuber yield of potato in farmers’ field. Validity of the yield target for 22 and 24 t ha-1 was tested in farmer’s fields and variation in potato yield obtained from targeted yield was 7.6% to 9.8%. Interpretation: Fertilizer prescription equations and ready reckoner developed for potato will be useful in alluvial soils of Eastern India for large scale recommendations and in regions with similar soil and agro-climatic conditions. By following ready reckoner, a farmer can save 61 kg N, 55 kg P2O5 and 44 kg K2O ha-1 over general recommended dose, approximately equal to Rs. 4800/- per hectare.