ABSTRACT
In plants, lipoxygenases (LOXs) play a crucial role in biotic and abiotic stresses. In our previous study, five 13-LOX genes of oriental melon were regulated by abiotic stress but it is unclear whether the 9-LOX is involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. The promoter analysis revealed that CmLOX09 (type of 9-LOX) has hormone elements, signal substances, and stress elements. We analyzed the expression of CmLOX09 and its downstream genes-CmHPL and CmAOS-in the leaves of four-leaf stage seedlings of the oriental melon cultivar "Yumeiren" under wound, hormone, and signal substances. CmLOX09, CmHPL, and CmAOS were all induced by wounding. CmLOX09 was induced by auxin (indole acetic acid, IAA) and gibberellins (GA3); however, CmHPL and CmAOS showed differential responses to IAA and GA3. CmLOX09, CmHPL, and CmAOS were all induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), while being inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). CmLOX09, CmHPL, and CmAOS were all induced by the powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii. The content of 2-hexynol and 2-hexenal in leaves after MeJA treatment was significantly higher than that in the control. After infection with P. xanthii, the diseased leaves of the oriental melon were divided into four levels-levels 1, 2, 3, and 4. The content of jasmonic acid (JA) in the leaves of levels 1 and 3 was significantly higher than that in the level 0 leaves. In summary, the results suggested that CmLOX09 might play a positive role in the response to MeJA through the hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) pathway to produce C6 alcohols and aldehydes, and in the response to P. xanthii through the allene oxide synthase (AOS) pathway to form JA.
Subject(s)
Abscisic Acid , Acetates/chemistry , Aldehyde-Lyases/metabolism , Aldehydes/chemistry , Cucurbitaceae/genetics , Cyclopentanes/chemistry , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Hormones/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Lipoxygenase/metabolism , Oxylipins/chemistry , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Salicylic Acid/chemistry , Seedlings/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Stress, Physiological , TransgenesABSTRACT
The present study consisted of 50 subjects were classified into three groups; Group [GI] Control group consisted of 10 clinically healthy adult subjects of both sexes free from any liver, kidney or cardiovascular diseases. Group [GII] diabetes mellitus type 1 consisted of 20 patients of both sexes. Group [GIII] diabetes mellitus type 1 with nephropathy consisted of 20 patients of both sexes. All subjects were undergo to the following investigated parameters; Ascorbic acid [vitamin C], Catalase, Total antioxidant capacity, Aldolase and Pyruvate kinase enzyme. vitamins C, catalase, total antioxidant capacity enzymes were highly significant decreased [P < 0. 01] in diabetes mellitus type 1 [GII] and diabetes mellitus type 1 with nephropathy [GIII] when compared to the control group. Adolase activity was highly significant increased [P < 0. 01] in diabetes mellitus type 1 with nephropathy [GIII] when compared to the control group. Pyruvate Kinase activity was highly significant increased [P < 0. 01] in diabetes mellitus type 1 [GII] when compared to the control group. The antioxidant and enzymes can be used for follow up in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1 and predict other complications
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ascorbic Acid/blood , Antioxidants/blood , Aldehyde-Lyases/blood , Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/blood , Pyruvate Kinase/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ABSTRACT
Enzymatic preparations obtained from young plants and cell cultures of capulin were screened for hydroxynitrile lyase activity. The three week old plants, grown under sterile conditions, were used to establish a solid cell culture. Crude preparations obtained from this plant material were evaluated for the transformation of benzaldehyde to the corresponding cyanohydrin (mandelonitrile). The results show that the crude material from roots, stalks, and leaves of young plants and calli of roots, stalks, internodes and petioles biocatalyzed the addition of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to benzaldehyde with a modest to excellent enantioselectivity.
Subject(s)
Acetonitriles , Metabolism , Aldehyde-Lyases , Metabolism , Benzaldehydes , Metabolism , Biocatalysis , Cells, Cultured , Hydrogen Cyanide , Metabolism , Nitriles , Metabolism , Prunus , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
Circulating levels of cortisol, 17 alpha hydroxy progesterone and delta 4 androstenedione were analysed by specific radioimmunoassays in 11 patients with Cushing's disease before and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24# h following an oral dose of 400 mg ketoconazole. A significant fall in cortisol (26 - 79.6%, 59.8 +/- 18.7 SEM), delta 4 androstenedione (21.5 - 63.3%, 47.8 +/- 4.87) with a concomitant rise in 17 alpha hydroxy progesterone (113 - 218%, 116 +/- 11.43) were noted, suggesting inhibition of 17, 20 desmolase and 11 beta-hydroxylase enzymes in cortisol biosynthetic pathway.