ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#More than 75 million procedures with intravascular iodine-based contrast media (ICM) are performed worldwide every year, and some patients undergoing these procedures do not have normal thyroid function. The long-term effects of ICM in patients with mild thyroid dysfunction (TD) are unclear.@*METHODS@#This prospective cohort study was conducted in China. Patients with stable angina pectoris with total triiodothyronine (TT3) reduction, normal thyroid-stimulating hormone, and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were enrolled and divided into high-dose (≥100 mL ICM) and low-dose groups (<100 mL ICM). We dynamically investigated the trends in thyroid function, rT3, and thyroid antibodies one year after ICM exposure.@*RESULTS@#A total of 154 patients completed 6 months of follow-up and 149 completed 1 year of follow-up. Thyroglobulin antibody (TGAB) levels were elevated in 41 (26.6%) patients before ICM exposure, 11 (7.1%) of whom also had elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody levels. Transient subclinical TD occurred 6 months after ICM exposure; 75.5% (34/45) of post-operative TD occurred in the high-dose group. One patient developed severe hypothyroidism with myxedema, requiring drug intervention 1 year after ICM exposure. The level of rT3 showed no statistically significant changes during post-operative follow-up ( P = 0.848). The TGAB level decreased at 6th month ( P < 0.001), but increased at 1 year after ICM exposure ( P = 0.002).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with T3 reduction are at a risk of transient subclinical TD and hypothyroidism after a single large dose of ICM. Follow-up of this population at 9-12 months after ICM exposure is warranted.
Subject(s)
Humans , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Hypothyroidism , Triiodothyronine , Iodine/adverse effects , Thyrotropin , ThyroxineABSTRACT
Desensitization therapy for iodinated contrast media (ICM) aims to induce drug tolerance in patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to ICM in a short time. Currently, there is no widely accepted consensus on inducing desensitization to avoid severe allergic responses to ICM. The clinically successful cases have shown that prophylactic use of antihistamines and glucocorticoids can increase the desensitization effect; repeatedly desensitizing and gradually increasing the dose can be conducive to establishing better tolerance to ICM. Most desensitization effects, including stress resistance, can endure 24-48 h. The mechanisms of desensitization therapy remain unclear, the initial dose, administration interval and dose gradient are largely based on clinical experiences and the reaction of patients. This article reviews the current research progress on ICM-related allergies, desensitization methods and related mechanisms, as well as the benefits and hazards of desensitization, to provide a reference for desensitization treatment of hypersensitivity to ICM .
Subject(s)
Humans , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Consensus , Glucocorticoids , HypersensitivityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#As the use of iodinated contrast media has become more widely with advances in imaging, several guidelines have suggested that anxiety increases the risk of acute adverse reactions associated with iodinated contrast media. This study aims to evaluate the impact of anxiety on the occurrence of acute adverse reactions (AAR) to iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT examinations.@*METHODS@#Inpatients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examinations at the Third Xiangya Hospital between February and October 2021 were prospectively recruited. Prior to the imaging examinations, all patients completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) assessment before the imaging examinations to determine the severity of anxiety, which was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Based on the occurrence of AAR, patients were classified into an AAR group and a non-AAR group. The difference in anxiety was compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors associated with AAR. To ensure comparability between the 2 groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to align the clinical characteristics. Subsequently, the difference in anxiety within the matched groups was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The study comprised 880 patients, with 80 patients in the AAR group and 800 patients in the non-AAR group. There was a significant difference in proportion of patients with mild-severe anxiety between the 2 groups (75% in the AAR group and 36% in the non-AAR group, P<0.001). Additionally, differences were also observed in occupation, income, underlying diseases, and allergy history (all P<0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients' income, allergy history, and anxiety were independent risk factors for AAR to iodinated contrast media (all P<0.05). Following PSM, each matched group included 66 cases, and no significant differences in clinical characteristics were observed between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). However, the proportion of patients with mild-severe anxiety remained significantly higher in the AAR group compared to the non-AAR group (75% in the AAR group and 31% in the non-AAR group, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Anxiety is associated with an increased risk of AAR to iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT examinations, suggesting the clinical importance of screening for anxiety before imaging examinations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Risk Factors , Anxiety , Hypersensitivity/etiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) refers to acute kidney injury that occurs after intravascular contrast media is applied. It is the third most common cause for acute renal failure in hospitalized patients and can cause severe renal impairment and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In severe cases, it can even lead to the death of the patient. Due to its complicated pathogenesis, the pathogenesis of CI-AKI has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, it is of great significance to further study the pathogenesis for the prevention of CI-AKI. Moreover, a good animal model of CI-AKI is an important tool for in-depth research on the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury induced by contrast agents.
Subject(s)
Animals , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Models, AnimalABSTRACT
SUMMARY: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is used for contrast induced acut kidney injury (CI-AKI) prophylaxis because of its antioxidant effects. Paricalcitol, which has reno-protective effects, is likely to provide a more effective prophylaxis when added to NAC treatment. The study was designed based on this hypothesis. The study was organised to include 4 groups each consisting of 7 rats. Group 1 was the control group, and Group 2 included rats with CI-AKI. Rats in Group 3 were administered NAC at a dose of 100 mg/kg via oral gavage once a day for 5 days. Rats in group 4 were administered paricalcitol at a dose of 0.4 mcg/kg once a day for 5 days in addition to NAC. CI-AKI was induced after the treatments in both groups. The study was terminated on the sixth day. Samples were collected from the rats' sera and kidney tissues to study oxidant and antioxidant parameters; kidney function tests were also studied. There were significant differences between the contrast nephropathy group (Group 2) and NAC and NAC+paricalcitol groups with respect to serum urea and creatinine levels. When the same groups were compared regarding oxidant (TOS-MDA) and antioxidant (TAC-Paraoxonase) parameters, we observed that the oxidant parameters increased in serum and kidney tissue samples with NAC use, and that effect was strengthened by the addition of paricalcitol to NAC treatment. However, despite increased antioxidant effectiveness, we observed no decrease in urea and creatinine levels when paricalcitol was added for CI-AKI in rats. There was no significant difference between Group 3 and Group 4. Paricalcitol provides a more potent antioxidant effect in both serum and kidney tissue samples when added to NAC treatment in rats with CI-AKI. Despite increased antioxidant parameters, however, paricalcitol does not provide a significant decrease in urea and creatinine levels.
RESUMEN: Debido a sus efectos atioxidantes la N- acetilcisteína (NAC) se usa para la profilaxis de la lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste (CI-AKI). Es probable que el paricalcitol, que tiene efectos renoprotectores, proporcione una profilaxis más eficaz cuando se agrega al tratamiento con NAC. En base a esta hipótesis el estudio fue diseñado para incluir cuatro grupos cada uno compuesto por siete ratas. El grupo 1 fue el grupo control y el grupo 2 incluyó ratas con CI-AKI. A las ratas del Grupo 3 se les administró NAC con una dosis de 100 mg/kg por sonda oral una vez al día, durante 5 días. A las ratas del grupo 4 se les administró paricalcitol a una dosis de 0,4 mcg/kg una vez al día durante 5 días, además de NAC. Se indujo CI-AKI después de los tratamientos en ambos grupos. El estudio finalizó el sexto día. Se recolectaron muestras de suero y tejidos renales de ratas para estudiar los parámetros oxidantes y antioxidantes; También se estudiaron las pruebas de función renal. Hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo de nefropatía por contraste (Grupo 2) y los grupos NAC y NAC+paricalcitol con respecto a los niveles séricos de urea y creatinina. Cuando se compararon los mismos grupos con respecto a los parámetros oxidantes (TOS-MDA) y antioxidantes (TAC-Paraoxonase), observamos que los parámetros oxidantes aumentaron en muestras de suero y tejido renal con el uso de NAC, y ese efecto se vio reforzado por la adición de paricalcitol a tratamiento NAC. Sin embargo, a pesar de una mayor eficacia antioxidante, no observamos una disminución en los niveles de urea y creatinina cuando se agregó paricalcitol para CI-AKI en ratas. No hubo diferencias significativas entre el Grupo 3 y el Grupo 4. El paricalcitol proporciona un efecto antioxidante más potente tanto en muestras de suero como de tejido renal cuando se agrega al tratamiento con NAC en ratas con CI-AKI. Sin embargo, a pesar del aumento de los parámetros antioxidantes, el paricalcitol no proporciona una disminución sig- nificativa en los niveles de urea y creatinina.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage , Ergocalciferols/administration & dosage , Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Acetylcysteine/pharmacology , Ergocalciferols/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Resumo Fundamento Em 2007, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determinou revisões sobre segurança dos agentes de contraste ecocardiográfico (ACE) disponíveis no mercado após relatos de mortes. Ao longo desses anos, diversos estudos comprovaram a segurança dos ACE, porém com poucos estudos relacionados ao SonoVue®. Objetivos Avaliar a segurança do SonoVue® durante o ecocardiograma sob estresse farmacológico (EEF) por meio da análise da incidência de reações alérgicas e da comparação entre os grupos quanto ao surgimento de arritmia, efeitos colaterais menores e eventos adversos. Métodos Estudo observacional, prospectivo, no qual 2.346 pacientes foram submetidos ao EEF e divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 com ACE (n=1.099) e grupo 2 sem ACE (n=1.247). Os pacientes foram avaliados durante o EEF - 24 horas e 30 dias. Foi definido p significativo quando <0,05. Resultados O grupo 1 apresentou efeitos colaterais mais leves, como cefaleia (5/0,5% vs. 19/1,5%, p=0,012) e hipertensão reativa (3/0,3% vs . 19/1,5%, p=0,002), menos arritmias como extrassístoles ventriculares (180/16,4% vs . 247/19,8%, p=0,032) e taquicardia paroxística supraventricular (2/0,2% vs . 15/1,2%, p=0,003), assim como nenhum evento adverso como infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e óbito. No grupo 2, um paciente apresentou IAM <24h (1/01%) e dois óbitos <30 dias (2/0,1%). Urticária relacionada ao SonoVue® foi observada em 3 (0,3%) pacientes sem reação anafilática. Conclusão SonoVue® demonstrou segurança durante o EEF, não sendo observados morte, IAM ou reação anafilática. Observou-se menor incidência de efeitos colaterais mais leves e arritmias no grupo que utilizou o ACE, assim como baixa incidência de reações alérgicas leves.
Abstract Background In 2007, the United States Food and Drug Administration mandated safety reviews of commercially available echocardiographic contrast agents (ECA), following reports of death. During the past years, different studies have proven the safety of ECA, but there have been few studies on SonoVue®. Objectives To evaluate the safety of SonoVue® during pharmacological stress echocardiography (PSE), by analyzing the incidence of allergic reactions and comparing groups regarding the appearance of arrhythmia, minor side effects and adverse events. Methods In this observational, prospective study, 2346 patients underwent PSE, and they were divided into the following 2 groups: group 1 with ECA (n = 1099) and group 2 without ECA (n = 1247). Patients were evaluated during PSE, at 24 hours, and at 30 days. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results Group 1 had fewer minor side effects, such as headache (5/0.5% versus 19/1.5%, p = 0.012) and less reactive hypertension (3/0.3% versus 19/1.5%, p = 0.002); fewer arrhythmias, such as ventricular extrasystoles (180/16.4% versus 247/19.8%, p = 0.032) and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (2/0.2% versus 15/1.2%, p = 0.003); and no adverse events, such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or death. In group 2, 1 patient had AMI in < 24 hours (1/01%), and there were 2 deaths in < 30 days (2/0.1%). SonoVue®-related urticaria was seen in 3 (0.3%) patients, without anaphylactic reaction. Conclusion SonoVue® demonstrated safety during PSE. No cases of death, AMI, or anaphylactic reaction were observed. There was a lower incidence of minor side effects and arrhythmias in the group that received ECA, as well as a low incidence of mild allergic reactions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Echocardiography, Stress , Phospholipids , Sulfur Hexafluoride , United States , Echocardiography , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
El intervencionismo coronario se asocia a la aparición de nefropatía inducida por contraste. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el riesgo de desarrollar nefropatía inducida por contraste (NIC) en pacientes con obstrucción coronaria significativa y su relación con factores de riesgo conocidos para esta nefropatía. Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte prospectiva con 160 pacientes atendidos en el cardiocentro del hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras", Cuba, a los cuales se les realizó una coronariografía invasiva, entre enero 2016 y julio 2017. La edad promedio fue de 61,6 ± 9,2 años; el 70,6% eran hombres. Predominaron los antecedentes patológicos personales de cardiopatía isquémica (85,6%), y de hipertensión arterial (75,6%). El 75% de los casos presentó una oclusión coronaria significativa. La frecuencia de nefropatía por contraste fue de 42,5%. Los factores que guardaron importante relación estadística con la presencia de oclusión arterial significativa fueron la cardiopatía isquémica conocida (p<0,001), el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo previo (p=0,007), la creatinina después (p=0,043) y la NIC (p=0,016) así como el volumen de contraste administrado (p=0,006). En el subgrupo de pacientes con oclusión significativa el hematocrito bajo (p=0,025) y el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo de urgencia (p=0,007) fueron los factores más influyentes. Se concluye que los pacientes con oclusión coronaria significativa tienen un riesgo aumentado para el desarrollo de la nefropatía por contraste. La corrección de aquellos factores de riesgo que sean modificables (como el hematocrito bajo) y la correcta aplicación del protocolo de hidratación son esenciales para prevenir esta complicación.
Coronary intervention is associated with the appearance of contrast-induced nephropathy. The purpose of the study was to assess the risk of developing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with significant coronary obstruction and its relationship with known risk factors for this nephropathy. A prospective cohort study was designed with 160 patients treated at the cardiocenter of the "Hermanos Ameijeiras" hospital, Cuba, who underwent invasive coronary angiography, between January 2016 and July 2017. The average age was 61.6 ± 9 ,2 years; 70.6% were men. The personal pathological history of ischemic heart disease (85.6%) and arterial hypertension (75.6%) predominated. 75% of the cases presented a significant coronary occlusion. The frequency of contrast nephropathy was 42.5%. The factors that had an important statistical relationship with the presence of significant arterial occlusion were known ischemic heart disease (p <0.001), previous percutaneous coronary intervention (p = 0.007), creatinine after the procedure (p = 0.043) and CIN (p = 0.016) as well as the volume of contrast administered (p = 0.006). In the subgroup of patients with significant occlusion, low hematocrit (p = 0.025) and emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (p = 0.007) were the most influential factors. It is concluded that patients with significant coronary occlusion have an increased risk for the development of contrast nephropathy. The correction of those risk factors that are modifiable (such as low hematocrit) and the correct application of the hydration protocol are essential to prevent this complication
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Coronary Occlusion , Acute Kidney Injury , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Resumo A variação do valor encontrado nos exames de creatinina em pacientes submetidos à tomografia computadorizada (TC) contrastada tem sido utilizada como método prático para a avaliação de possíveis lesões renais causadas pelo uso do contraste. Entre os critérios, considera-se o aumento absoluto de creatinina sérica ≥ 0,5 mg/dL ou relativo em ≥ 25% para possíveis distúrbios renais, como a nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC). Nosso objetivo foi analisar a incidência de NIC através de uma metanálise envolvendo nove artigos relacionados à incidência de lesão renal por contraste, sendo calculado o odds ratio (OR) e o intervalo de confiança (IC95%) por meio do programa RStudio. A incidência de NIC em pacientes submetidos a TC foi de 11,29%, sendo o OR de 1,38 (IC95% 0,88-2,16). Contrastes não iônicos apresentam maior segurança em seu uso que outros tipos de contraste, e o volume maior que 115 mL pode estar relacionado a NIC. A doença renal prévia apresentou significado estatístico em agravar a NIC.
Abstract Variation in the creatinine levels of patients who have undergone contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has been adopted as a practical method for assessment of possible kidney damage caused by the contrast. Criteria employed include an absolute increase in serum creatinine ≥ 0.5 mg/dL or a relative increase ≥ 25% as indicative of possible renal disorders, such as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Our objective was to analyze the incidence of CIN by means of a meta-analysis of nine articles related to incidence of kidney damage caused by contrast, calculating odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95%CI) using RStudio. The overall incidence of CIN in patients who had CT scans was 11.29%, with an OR of 1.38 (95%CI 0.88-2.16). Non-ionic contrasts are safer than other types of contrast, and volumes exceeding 115 mL may be associated with CIN. Preexisting kidney disease had a statistically significant relationship with worse CIN rates.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/adverse effects , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Creatinine/blood , Odds Ratio , Age Factors , Contrast Media/pharmacokinetics , Creatinine/adverse effects , Kidney Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the protective effect of calcium dobesilate against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A total of 130 patients with diabetes and CKD estimated glomerular filtration rate: 30-90 mL/min/1.73m2 were enrolled and included in the analysis. They were divided into experimental (n=65) and control groups (n=65). Patients in the experimental group were administered oral calcium dobesilate (500 mg) three times daily for 2 days before and 3 days after the procedure. The serum creatinine (SCr), cystatin C (Cys C), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were measured before and after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean SCr level at 24h after the procedure was found to be significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (79.1±19.6 μmol/L vs. 87.0±19.3 μmol/L, p=0.023). However, the Cys C and NGAL levels were not significantly different between the two groups at all measurement time points (all p>0.05). The incidence of CIN defined by the SCr level was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (3 [4.6%] vs. 13 [20.0%], p=0.017). However, the incidence of CIN defined by the Cys C level was not statistically different between the two groups (7 [10.8%] vs. 7 [10.8%], p=1.000). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that calcium dobesilate has no preventive effect against CIN in patients with diabetes and CKD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Calcium Dobesilate , Diabetes Mellitus , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Kidney Diseases , Biomarkers , Coronary Angiography , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Creatinine , Glomerular Filtration RateABSTRACT
Although previous studies have indicated that statin therapy can effectively prevent the development of CIN, this observation remains controversial, especially in high-risk patients. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of statin pretreatment for preventing the development of CIN in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to determine its effectiveness in various subgroups. We searched the online databases PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. RCTs that involved the comparison of the short-term moderate or high-dose statin pretreatment with placebo for CIN prevention in CKD patients undergoing angiography were included. The primary outcome was CIN prevalence. Seven RCTs comprising 4256 participants were investigated in this analysis. The risk of developing CIN in patients pretreated with statins was significantly lower than that in patients pretreated with placebo (RR=0.57, 95%CI=0.43-0.76, p=0.000). The SCr values of the statin group, when analyzed 48h after angiography were lower than those of the placebo group ((SMD=-0.15, 95% CI=-0.27 to -0.04, p=0.011). In the subgroup analysis, statin pretreatment could decrease the risk of CIN in CKD patients with DM (RR=0.54, 95% CI=0.39-0.76, p=0.000), but not in CKD patients without DM (RR=0.84, 95% CI=0.44-1.60, p=0.606). The efficacy of atorvastatin for preventing CIN was consistent with that observed with the use of rosuvastatin. The risk ratios (RR) were 0.51 (95% CI=0.32-0.81, p=0.004) and 0.60 (95% CI=0.41-0.88, p=0.009), respectively. Our study demonstrated that statin pretreatment could prevent the development of CIN in CKD patients. However, subgroup analysis demonstrated that statin pretreatment, despite being effective in preventing CIN in patients with CKD and DM, was not helpful for CKD patients without DM. Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin exhibited similar preventive effects with respect to CIN.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Coronary Angiography , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Rosuvastatin Calcium/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da nefropatia induzida por contraste em pacientes cardiopatas submetidos a procedimentos angiográficos de diagnóstico e/ou tratamento. Método: Estudo prospectivo, quantitativo, realizado no setor de hemodinâmica de um hospital de grande porte, situado na região norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por 79 participantes através do cálculo de tamanho amostral. Resultados: A amostra foi formada por 52 (65,8%) homens e 27 (34,2%) mulheres. A idade média foi de 65,9 ± 9,52 anos. A incidência de nefropatia induzida por contraste foi de 30,38%, totalizando 24 pacientes. Conclusão: Foi evidenciada uma alta prevalência de nefropatia por contraste, apesar dos pacientes apresentarem poucos fatores de risco, o que ressalta a necessidade de medidas preventivas e redução do volume de contraste
Objective: To determine the prevalence of contrast-induced nephropathy in cardiac patients undergoing diagnostic and / or treatment angiographic procedures. Method: A prospective, quantitative study in the hemodynamics sector of a large hospital, located in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample consisted of 79 participants through the calculation of sample size. Results: The sample consisted of 52 (65.8%) men and 27 (34.2%) women. The mean age was 65.9 ± 9.52 years. The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy was 30,38%, totaling 24 patients. Conclusion: A high prevalence of contrast nephropathy was evidenced, despite the fact that patients presented few risk factors, which highlights the need for preventive measures and reduction of contrast volume
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la nefropatía inducida por contraste en pacientes cardiopatas sometidos a procedimientos angiográficos de diagnóstico y / o tratamiento. Método: Estudio prospectivo, cuantitativo, realizado en el sector de hemodinámica de un hospital de gran porte, situado en la región norte de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La muestra fue constituida por 79 participantes a través del cálculo de tamaño muestral. Resultados: La muestra fue formada por 52 (65,8%) hombres y 27 (34,2%) mujeres. La edad media fue de 65,9 ± 9,52 años. La incidencia de nefropatía inducida por contraste fue del 30,38%, totalizando 24 pacientes. Conclusión: Se evidenció una alta prevalencia de nefropatía por contraste, a pesar de que los pacientes presentaban pocos factores de riesgo, lo que resalta la necesidad de medidas preventivas y reducción del volumen de contraste
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Angiography/adverse effects , Heart Diseases/complications , Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Coronary Disease/complications , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , HemodynamicsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third cause of hospital-acquired AKI, and existing clinical prevention and treatment measures such as hydration therapy and/or administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine treatment and other treatments still show little effect on the prevention and treatment of CI-AKI. This study aims to explore the effect of Danhong injection on prevention of CI-AKI.@*METHODS@#A total of 12 867 patients, who received coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, enhanced CT or vascular intervention in a tertiary hospital, were enrolled for this study. Among them, 423 in the treatment group received intravenous drip of Danhong injection, and 12 444 in the control group received routine medicine. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance confounding factors between the 2 groups and then the prevention effect of Danhong injection on CI-AKI was compared between them.@*RESULTS@#A total of 423 pairs of patients were matched successfully. The incidence of CI-AKI in the non-Danhong control group was higher than that in the Danhong treatment group (5.7% vs 2.4%). The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results of this study support the use of Danhong injection in the prevention of the Stage 1 of CI-AKI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Injections , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Propensity Score , Risk Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effects of femoral approach versus radial approach on the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with coronary heart disease, who received twice contrast agents within a short interval. Methods: A total of 322 patients with coronary heart disease, who admitted to the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from January 2010 to January 2015, were included in this retrospective analysis. All patients exposed to contrast agents twice within 30 days. The patients were divided into two groups according to the approach of interventional operation: radial artery group (n=235) and femoral artery group (n=87). Serum creatinine (SCr) values were detected at 48 and 72 hours post procedure. Endpoint events were CI-AKI, which was defined as SCr increased>0.5 mg/dl (44.2 μmol/L) or relative ratio ((postoperative SCr-preoperative SCr)/preoperative SCr×100%>25%) within 72 hours after contrast agent use after excluding other causes. Clinical characteristics and the incidence of CI-AKI were compared between the two groups, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to detect the risk factors of postoperative CI-AKI in these patients. Results: The proportion of smoking, PCI history, STEMI patients and levels of fibrinogen, fasting blood glucose, troponin T was significantly higher in femoral artery group than in radial artery group (all P<0.05). The interval between two procedure sessions was significantly longer in the femoral artery group than in the radial artery group (P=0.001). The incidence of CI-AKI tended to be higher in femoral artery group than in radial artery group after the first operation (18.6% (16/87) vs. 11.9% (28/235), P=0.133). CI-AKI incidence after the second operation was similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that interventional approach was not an independent risk factor for postoperative CI-AKI in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing interventional procedures twice within 30 days (P>0.05);STEMI (OR=2.854, 95%CI 1.100-7.404, P=0.031) and diuretics use (OR=4.002, 95%CI 1.470-10.893, P=0.007) were independent risk factors for CI-AKI after the first operation. Conclusion: There is no correlation between the risk of CI-AKI and interventional approaches in patients with coronary heart disease who undergo interventional surgery twice within 30 days.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Coronary Disease , Femoral Artery/surgery , Incidence , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Radial Artery , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) risk score used to detect the thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risk in atrial fibrillation patients has been shown recently to predict poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (ACS), regardless of having atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to analyze the relationship between different risk scores and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) development in patients with ACS who underwent urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and compare the predictive ability of the ATRIA risk score with the MEHRAN risk score. METHODS: We analyzed 429 patients having St-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) who underwent urgent PCI between January 2016 and February 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and those without CIN and both groups were compared according to clinical, laboratory, and demographic features, including the CHA2DS2-VASc and ATRIA risk score. Predictors of CIN were determined by multivariate regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to analyze the prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc and ATRIA risk score for CIN, following STEMI. RESULTS: Multivariate regression analysis showed that Athe TRIA risk score, Opaque/Creatinine Clearance ratio, and low left ventricular ejection fraction was an independent predictor of CIN. The C-statistics for the ATRIA risk score and CHA2DS2-VASC risk score were 0.66 and 0.64 (p<0.001, and p<0.001), respectively. A pair-wise comparison of ROC curves showed that both scores were not inferior to the MEHRAN score in predicting CIN. CONCLUSION: The ATRIA and CHA2DS2-VASC scoring systems were useful for detecting CIN following STEMI.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: O escore Anticoagulação e Fatores de Risco na Fibrilação Atrial (Atria), usado na detecção do risco tromboembólico e hemorrágico de pacientes com fibrilação atrial (FA), recentemente demonstrou predizer resultados clínicos ruins em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (SCA), independentemente de ter FA. Nosso objetivo foi analisar a relação entre os diferentes escores de risco e o desenvolvimento de nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) em pacientes com SCA submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) urgente e comparar a capacidade preditiva do escore de risco Atria com o escore de risco Mehran. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 429 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (IAM-ST) submetidos à ICP de urgência entre janeiro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: aqueles com e sem NIC, e ambos os grupos foram comparados de acordo com as características clínicas, laboratoriais e demográficas, incluindo os escores de risco CHA2DS2-VASc e Atria. Preditores de NIC foram determinados por análise de regressão multivariada. A análise da curva características de operação do receptor (ROC) foi utilizada para analisar o valor prognóstico dos escores de risco CHA2DS2-VASc e Atria para NIC, após IAM-ST. RESULTADOS: A análise de regressão multivariada mostrou que o escore de risco Atria, a relação opaca/crCl e a baixa fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo foram preditores independentes de NIC. A estatística-C para o escore de risco Atria e o escore de risco CHA2DS2-VASC foi de 0,66 e 0,64 (p<0,001 e p<0,001), respectivamente. Uma comparação de pares de curvas características de operação do receptor mostrou que ambos os escores foram não inferiores ao escore Mehran na previsão de NIC. CONCLUSÃO: Os sistemas de pontuação Atria e CHA2DS2-VASC foram sistemas úteis para a detecção de NIC após IAM-ST.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Contrast Media/adverse effects , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/surgery , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Risk Assessment/methods , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose: To compare the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ozone preconditioning and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in an experimental rat model. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups (n=6 for each group). Group I served as control and Group II had only contrast agent, while Group III received NAC and Group IV received intraperitoneal ozone 6 hours before and 6 hours after introduction of contrast agent. Ozone treatment was applied for 5 days after the contrast agent was introduced in Group V. After induction of CIN, groups were compared in terms of serum levels of urea, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, protein carbonyl, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as degree of renal injury at histopathologic level. Results: Groups II-V displayed more obvious histopathological alterations such as hemorrhage and renal tubular injury compared with Group I. TAC (p=0.043) and creatinine (p=0.046) levels increased significantly in Group II after the intervention. In Group III, protein carbonyl level diminished remarkably (p=0.046), while creatinine level was increased (p=0.046) following the intervention. TAC level was higher in Group IV (p=0.028) and Group V (p=0.026) following the procedure. Conclusion: The N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment may alleviate the biochemical and histopathological deleterious effects of contrast-induced nephropathy via enhancement of total antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Ozone/pharmacology , Acetylcysteine/pharmacology , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Reference Values , Spectrophotometry/methods , Urea/blood , Ioxaglic Acid/adverse effects , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Rats, Wistar , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Creatinine/blood , Protein Carbonylation , Lipocalin-2/blood , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/pathology , Kidney Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
Introducción: los pacientes necesitados de angioplastia transluminal percutánea tienen una elevada probabilidad de presentar daño renal inducido por medios de contraste. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al daño renal agudo inducido por dichos medios. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de 57 pacientes con cardiopatía, quienes requirieron de angioplastia transluminal percutánea en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras de Ciudad de la Habana, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2016. Para ello se conformaron 2 grupos (con nefropatía y sin ella). Se consideró la existencia de daño renal si la creatinina sérica se incrementaba en 25 por ciento o más a las 72 horas de realizado el proceder. Para estratificar el riesgo se empleó la escala de Mehran modificada. Resultados: existió daño renal en 49,1 por ciento de los pacientes. Los factores asociados fueron la angiografía previa, la angioplastia transluminal percutánea urgente y el volumen de contraste empleado. Según la escala de Mehran hubo un predominio de los afectados en los grupos de riesgo bajo y moderado; sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta los factores de riesgo identificados, estos pacientes prevalecieron en los grupos de riesgo alto y muy alto. Conclusiones: la angiografía previa, la realización urgente de angioplastia transluminal percutánea y el volumen de contraste empleado aumentan el riesgo de daño renal. Se determinó que la escala de Mehran modificada no fue útil para estratificar a los pacientes de bajo riesgo
Introduction: patients in need of transluminal percutaneous angioplasty have a high probability of presenting renal damage induced by contrast media. Objective: to determine the risk factors associated with the acute renal damage induced by this contrast media. Methods: descriptive study of 57 patients with heart disease who required transluminal percutaneous angioplasty in the Cardiology Center of Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital of Havana City, from January to December, 2016. Two groups were conformed for that purpose (with nephropathy and without it). It was considered the existence of renal damage if the serum creatinine increased in 25 percent or more at the 72 hours of having carried out the procedure. The Mehran scale modified was used to stratify the risk. Results: there was renal damage in 49.1 percent of the patients. The associated factors were the previous angiography, the emergency percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and the volume of contrast used. According to the scale of Mehran there was a prevalence of the affected patients in the groups of low and moderate risk; however, taking into account the identified risk factors, these patients prevailed in the groups of high and very high risk. Conclusions: the previous angiography, the emergency of transluminal percutaneous angioplasty and the volume of contrast used increase the risk of renal damage. It was determined that the modified Mehran scale was not useful to stratify the patients of low risk.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Risk Factors , Angioplasty , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Secondary Care , Angiography , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Radiocontrast media-induced acute severe thrombocytopenia is a very rare complication and potentially life-threatening. Here, we report the case of a 63-year-old male patient with severe acute thrombocytopenia following first exposure to intravenous non-ionic contrast media without immediate allergic reactions. His platelet count dropped from 107000/µL to 2000/µL after six hours of radiocontrast infusion. After administration of corticosteroid and transfusion of platelet concentrates, the platelet count returned gradually to normal within 5 days. To the best of our knowledge, non-ionic contrast media-induced isolated acute severe thrombocytopenia following no signs or symptoms of immediate allergic reaction has never been described.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Disease , Administration, Intravenous , Contrast Media/administration & dosage , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Infusions, Intravenous , Platelet Count , Thrombocytopenia/etiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is associated with poor outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention. However, CI-AKI has rarely been evaluated within the neurovascular field. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical implication of CI-AKI after coil embolization in patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and March 2016, 192 patients who underwent coil embolization were enrolled in this study. CI-AKI was defined as an increase from baseline serum creatinine concentration of >25% or >0.5 mg/dL within 72 hours after coil embolization. A poor clinical outcome was defined as a score of ≥3 on the modified Rankin Scale at one-year post-treatment. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients (8.3%) died as a result of medical problems within one year. CI-AKI was identified in 14 patients (7.3%). Prominent risk factors for one-year mortality included CI-AKI [odds ratio (OR): 16.856; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.437–82.664] and an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8 (OR: 5.565; 95% CI: 1.703–18.184). A poor clinical outcome was associated with old age (≥65 years) (OR: 7.921; 95% CI: 2.977–21.076), CI-AKI (OR: 11.281; 95% CI: 2.138–59.525), an initial GCS score ≤8 (OR 31.02; 95% CI, 10.669–90.187), and a ruptured aneurysm (p=0.016, OR: 4.278) in posterior circulation. CONCLUSION: CI-AKI seems to be an independent predictor of the overall outcomes of aSAH after endovascular treatment.